MUMBAI
20TH JANUARY
2015
WORKSHOP SUMMARY REPORT
Program for Capacity Building in
Waste and Resource Management for
Professionals
PARTNERED BY:
Environmental Management Centre (EMC LLP),
Mumbai
and
Griffith University, Australia
SUPPORTED BY:
Australia-India Council
Capacity Building Workshop in Waste and Resource Management for Professionals
Mumbai, India
20th January 2015
WORKSHOP SUMMARY REPORT
PROGRAM FOR CAPACITY BUILDING IN WASTE AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FOR PROFESSIONALS
Jointly Organised by
Environmental Management Centre (EMC LLP)
A-60 Royal Industrial Estate
4th Floor, Naigaon Cross Road, Wadala
Mumbai- 400031
and
Griffith University
170 Kessels Road
Nathan QLD 4111
Australia
Funded by
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT)
via
Australia India Council Grant Scheme
Held at
Bombay Chamber of Commerce and Industry (BCCI)
The Ruby, 4th Floor NW 29, Tulsi Pipe Road,
Senapati Bapat Marg, Kasaravadi, Dadar,
Mumbai, Maharashtra 400028
20th January 2015
Australia-India Council Grants Program 2014-15
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Capacity Building Workshop in Waste and Resource Management for Professionals
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20th January 2015
Table of Contents
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................................................................... v
BACKGROUND..................................................................................................................................................................... 1
About Australia India Council Grants Program ........................................................................................................ 1
About Griffith University ................................................................................................................................................. 1
About Environmental Management Centre ............................................................................................................. 2
About the Program ........................................................................................................................................................ 2
About the Speakers ....................................................................................................................................................... 3
Dr. Sunil Herat ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
Dr. Prasad Modak .................................................................................................................................................. 4
Shantanu Roy ......................................................................................................................................................... 4
OBJECTIVES .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................... 6
PROGRAM FOR THE WORKSHOP ...................................................................................................................................... 7
PARTICIPANTS ....................................................................................................................................................................... 8
WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS ............................................................................................................................................... 9
Need for Improvements in Waste Management Education ................................................................................. 9
Project Description ......................................................................................................................................................... 9
Project Implementation .............................................................................................................................................. 10
Present Situation of Waste Education for Professionals and Practitioners in India ........................................... 10
Need for changes in approach towards waste management training ............................................................ 11
Description of the 5 Day Course for Professionals .................................................................................................. 13
Module1: Waste-to-Resource ............................................................................................................................ 13
Module 2: Waste Management........................................................................................................................ 15
Module 3: Waste Processing .............................................................................................................................. 15
Module 4: Enabling Waste Management Plans ............................................................................................ 16
Module 5: Regulations and Enabling Policies ................................................................................................. 17
Module 6: Financial Sustainability ..................................................................................................................... 18
Experience Sharing Sessions ....................................................................................................................................... 19
Australia-India Council Grants Program 2014-15
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Capacity Building Workshop in Waste and Resource Management for Professionals
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Experience Sharing: Ms. Apoorva Gadre ........................................................................................................ 20
Experience Sharing: Ms. Jyoti Mhapsekar ....................................................................................................... 21
Experience Sharing: Prof. Mona Iyer ................................................................................................................ 21
WORKING GROUPS ...................................................................................................................................................... 22
Group A ................................................................................................................................................................. 22
Group B ................................................................................................................................................................. 23
Group C................................................................................................................................................................. 23
ANNEXURES ........................................................................................................................................................................ 26
ANNEXURE 1 .................................................................................................................................................................. 26
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Timeline of Actions in the EMC-GU program on Capacity Building on Waste to Resource
Management for Professionals ......................................................................................................................................... 3
Figure 2: Scenes from Workshop l..................................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 3: Some of the training providers in waste management and their areas of focus ................................. 10
Figure 4: Components of Integrated Sustainable Waste Management ................................................................ 12
Figure 5: Building Blocks of 5 day course for professionals ........................................................................................ 13
Figure 6: Waste dumping Sites around Goa- as cited by Ms. Gadre ...................................................................... 20
Figure 7: The cycle of waste processing by the SWM Cell, DoSTE, GoG ................................................................ 21
Figure 8: Group Photo of the Workshop Participants ................................................................................................. 25
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Program Details of the Workshop ..................................................................................................................... 7
Table 2: Module 1- Details ............................................................................................................................................... 13
Table 3: Module 2- Details ............................................................................................................................................... 15
Table 4: Module 3- Details ............................................................................................................................................... 15
Table 5: Module 4- Details ............................................................................................................................................... 16
Table 6: Module 5- Details ............................................................................................................................................... 17
Table 7: Module 6- Details ............................................................................................................................................... 18
Table 8: List of Participants at the Workshop with Contact Details .......................................................................... 26
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
3R
Reduce Reuse Recycle
3RKH
3R Knowledge Hub
AIC
Australia India Council
AIT
Asian Institute of Technology
BCCI
Bombay Chamber of Commerce and Industry
CC
Climate Change
CDM
Clean Development Mechanism
CEP
Continuing Education Programs
CP
Cleaner Production
DFAT
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australia
EHS
Environmental Health And Safety
EMC LLP
Environmental Management Centre
GPNI
Green Purchasing Network of India
GWMO
Global Waste Management Outlook
IETC
International Environmental Technology Centre
IL&FS
Infrastructure Leasing and Finacial Services
MSW
Municipal Solid Waste
SWM
Solid Waste Management
UNCRD
United Nations Centre for Regional Development
UNEP
United Nations Environment Programme International Environmental Technology Centre
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Capacity Building Workshop in Waste and Resource Management for Professionals
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BACKGROUND
The Program on Capacity Building for Waste to Resource Management has been devised under the
Australia-India Council Grants Program 2014-15. The year-long program is an initiative to improve the level
of education in waste management amongst professionals and students in India. The agencies responsible
for the implementation of the program are Environmental Management Centre LLP, Mumbai and Griffith
University, Australia. The program has been approved and funded by the Australia- India Council (AIC)
under their Grants Program, and has been funded by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT),
Australia.
This section provides a background of the organisations that has been involved in the program, the
program details and timeline of actions in a year. The section closes with a brief profile of the main
professionals involved in the program.
The first initiative under this program has been a two day workshop targeted at building a course on waste
and resource management for both practicing professionals and post-graduate students. This report covers
the proceedings of the capacity building program as developed for professionals. The workshop was held
at the Bombay Chamber of Commerce and Industry (BCCI), Dadar (W), Mumbai, on the 20 th of January
2015.
About Australia India Council Grants Program
The Australia India Council aims at strengthening and development of the relationship between Australia
and India. The Council promotes and organizes a number of activities aimed at the promotion of a greater
awareness about India and Australia amongst the citizens of both of the countries. The Australia-India
Council funds proposals which further this main objective and helps in the development of relations
between two countries, including economic operations, community knowledge and understanding, public
awareness and take up important developments relevant to Australia-India relations.
In 2014-15, there have been 13 proposals that have been approved by the Australia-India Council Grants
Program. The proposals span over many areas of focus, including arts, culture, development and
knowledge sharing between the two countries. Visit http://goo.gl/57A8r5 to know more about AIC.
About Griffith University
Griffith University (GU) is one of Australia’s most innovative and dynamic public universities located in the
Brisbane-Gold Coast corridor. Griffith University offers degree programs in number of engineering disciplines
including environmental engineering which teaches how to develop innovative strategies and
technologies for a sustainable future through a strong interdisciplinary focus on formulating solutions to
environmental problems. Griffith leads the field in environmental and sustainable practices.
Australia-India Council Grants Program 2014-15
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Capacity Building Workshop in Waste and Resource Management for Professionals
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Griffith University’s (GU) waste management program has been highly regarded by the United Nations and
other international agencies. GU is the Regional Focal Point in the South Pacific of the UN Solving the Ewaste Problem (StEP) initiative. It is also the Sub-Regional Secretariat for Australia and New Zealand of the
United Nations International Partnership for Expanding Waste Management Services in Local Authorities
(IPLA) and a member of the United Nations Subsidiary Expert Group (SEG) of Regional 3R Forum for Asia
advising on E-waste. It also is an advisor on e-waste to Pacific hazardous waste management, an EU grant
managed by the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP). Visit http://www.griffith.edu.au/
to know more about GU.
About Environmental Management Centre
Environmental Management Centre (EMC LLP) was established in 1996. EMC's consulting services are
essentially strategic, knowledge driven and supported through research and training. In all the consulting
assignments, EMC's expertise lies in harmonizing economic, environmental and social considerations (often
called triple bottom line) in the business logic, development plans and policy frameworks.
EMC LLP has been involved in consultancy for waste management and resource efficiency at both
international and national levels. EMC LLP’s core expertise includes preparation of status reports and
guidance manuals for integrated solid waste management, biomedical waste management, solid waste
management plans. EMC LLP also has an experience in capacity building for waste management and
knowledge dissemination, such as the development of a portal for 3R Knowledge Hub (3RKH) for Asian
Institute of Technology (AIT), Bangkok. It has regularly been on the panel of experts for various waste
related workshops and training programs. Currently, EMC LLP is also engaged in the authoring of a chapter
for the Global Waste Management Outlook (GWMO) published by the United Nations Environment
Programme International Environmental Technology Centre (UNEP IETC). Visit www.emcentre.com to know
more about EMC.
About the Program
The EMC-GU program on capacity building for waste and resource management has been planned for
professionals over the time period of a year in 2014-15. There are a number of activities that has been
planned for this time period. Figure 1 shows the major deliverables in the three workshops and the steps
that are to be taken in between and after the workshops.
Australia-India Council Grants Program 2014-15
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Capacity Building Workshop in Waste and Resource Management for Professionals
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Figure 1: Timeline of Actions in the EMC-GU program on Capacity Building on Waste to Resource
Management for Professionals
The first phase of the project was completed on the 20th of January 2015. The event was directed by Dr.
Prasad Modak from EMC LLP and Dr. Sunil Herat from GU. The following section introduces the main
speakers at the event.
About the Speakers
Dr. Sunil Herat
Dr. Herat is currently the head of e-waste project at Griffith University, and is a
consultant to the United Nations on waste management issues. He is an expert
on solid waste management, hazardous waste management and cleaner
production and eco-efficiency. He has completed extensive research on waste
management in developing countries, especially municipal solid waste and ewaste, and has published a number of research papers on the topic. He is a
member of the expert subsidiary group on e-waste in the United Nations’
Regional 3R Forum in Asia. He has also provided advice on e-waste matters to
local authorities through United Nations’ International Partnership for Expanding Waste Management
Services in Local Authorities (IPLA). He is also working as the program coordinator of the postgraduate
degree in waste management offered by Griffith University, and is in charge of teaching postgraduate
courses in solid waste management, hazardous management and cleaner production and eco-efficiency.
Visit http://goo.gl/dgZOJ2 to see his LinkedIn profile.
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Capacity Building Workshop in Waste and Resource Management for Professionals
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Dr. Prasad Modak
Dr. Modak is the Executive President of Environmental Management Centre
LLP. He has worked extensively in the area of waste and resource
management. He contributed a chapter on Waste Management in UNEP’s
Green Economy report, contributed substantially to the establishment of
International Partnership for expanding waste management services of Local
Authorities for UNCRD. He is currently contributing a chapter in the Global
Waste management Outlook. UNEP IETC commissioned Dr Modak to prepare
a UNEP wide Waste Management Action Plan. Dr. Modak’s work over the
past three decades has influenced environmental policies at the Governments, investments and practices
in the industry on a global basis. He is currently Professor (Adjunct) at IIT Bombay and CSO at IL&FS Ltd and
Dean of IL&FS Academy for Applied Development. Visit in.linkedin.com/in/prasadmodak to see his
LinkedIn profile
Shantanu Roy
He is the Senior Vice President of Environmental Management Centre LLP. He is
a chemical engineer with a specialization in environmental management. He
has a professional experience of over 15 years.
He has been involved in
diverse areas such as industrial environmental management through Cleaner
Production (CP), Due Diligence Audits, EHS Management Systems, Energy
Efficiency and Urban Environmental Management. His focal area is Climate
Change (CC) related services such as CDM, Low carbon strategies, CC
adaptation, Carbon foot printing, Carbon Disclosure etc. Shantanu directed the preparation of Integrated
Solid Waste management Plan for Pune. He has been actively servicing clients from various National and
International agencies both in the Government and the private sector as a Consultant, Resource Person
and Trainer. He also manages Green Purchasing Network of India (GPNI), an effort dedicated to promoting
Green
Purchasing
and
Greening
of
Supply
Chains
as
Hon.
Secretary
General.
Visit
in.linkedin.com/in/shantanuroy to see his LinkedIn profile.
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Capacity Building Workshop in Waste and Resource Management for Professionals
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OBJECTIVES
The objectives for the EMC-GU program on capacity building for waste to resource management for
professionals are as follows:

Develop a course on waste management as a Continuing Education Program (CEP) in India on a
modular basis to target diverse practicing professionals such as staff at Urban Local Bodies,
Environmental NGOs, Consultants, Policy makers and Regulators. Researchers and Academia

Increase awareness amongst professionals to manage new waste streams which have emerged
posing challenges such as E-waste, health care waste, Construction and Demolition Waste,
Agriculture and Forestry Waste, Plastic waste, Industrial hazardous waste, packaging waste,
household hazardous waste etc.

Introduce policies and practices in frontier areas such as “Waste Reduction” with 3Rs (i.e. 4Rs),
integrated waste and resource management, circular economy.

Build repository of inspirational case studies, guidance manuals and tools.

Develop capacities of trainers and training institutions to deliver the CEPs on the basis of above.
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Capacity Building Workshop in Waste and Resource Management for Professionals
Mumbai, India.
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INTRODUCTION
Urban India generates around 188,500 tonnes of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) every day. The generation
rate is expected to increase as the Indian economy will prosper. Only 30 to 60% of the MSW generated is
collected and almost 90% of the waste collected is simply dumped. Improved collection services in PPP
mode, implementation of decentralized waste processing units and rehabilitation of the dump sites is
therefore a priority. Waste is often a result of over consumption, poor resource use efficiency, perverse
subsidies and low level of awareness. “Reduce at Source” should there be the first action towards in the
sustainable management of wastes and resources. Waste when generated is a misplaced resource. There
is a great value in practicing waste reuse, recycle and recovery (3Rs). The 3Rs help in substituting virgin
resources, reduce GHG emissions and create green jobs. 3Rs also lead to Green Economy.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CENTRE LLP and GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY, Australia organised the day-long
workshop on 20th January 2015, in order to develop a 5 day certificate course for professionals. There were
18 participants from various backgrounds who had participated in the workshop. The workshop had three
main working groups which focussed on detailing of the 5 day certificate course developed for
professionals.
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Capacity Building Workshop in Waste and Resource Management for Professionals
Mumbai, India.
20th January 2015
PROGRAM FOR THE WORKSHOP
5 DAY COURSE ON WASTE AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FOR PROFESSIONALS
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CENTRE LLP in collaboration with GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA
20TH JANUARY 2015
Table 1: Program Details of the Workshop
TOPICS
9:00-9:30
Registration
9:30-10:30
Welcome address and Introduction to the Project – Shantanu Roy, EMC LLP
Setting the context
The importance of Continuing Education Program on Waste and Resource
Management and Overview of such courses offered in India (Dr. Prasad Modak)
Discussions
10:30-11:00
Tea/Coffee Break
11:00-12:00
Presentation: International Scenario on Education in Waste and Resource
Management (Dr. Sunil Herat, Griffith University )
12:00-13:00
Presentation: Proposed 5 day course on Waste and Resource Management for
Professionals - Shantanu Roy, EMC LLP
13:00-14:00
Lunch
14:00- 15:30
Working Session in groups to refine the proposed course content
15:30-16:30
Presentations from each Working Group and Participants followed by Discussions
(Tea/Coffee served in session) (Moderators- Dr Sunil Herat and Dr Prasad Modak)
16:30- 17:00
Closing Address: Summing up and Next Steps (Dr Prasad Modak)
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Capacity Building Workshop in Waste and Resource Management for Professionals
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PARTICIPANTS
The workshop was attended by the 18 participants. The participants included practitioners, professionals
and experts who have contributed heavily in the field of waste and resource management. ANNEXURE 1
provides the list with contact details.
Figure 2: Scenes from Workshop l
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Capacity Building Workshop in Waste and Resource Management for Professionals
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20th January 2015
WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
Dr. Prasad Modak, Executive President, EMC set the background of the workshop by welcoming the
participants of the workshop and requesting them to introduce themselves to all the participants of the
workshop. The participants of the workshop highlighted their work experience in the sector of waste and
resource management. This was followed by Dr. Modak’s address on the importance of waste
management.
Need for Improvements in Waste Management Education
Dr. Modak elaborated on how waste management is becoming
increasingly important, and how it has evolved in the governance
part. The rules and regulations are progressing faster than the ability
of the implementation agencies. Newer waste streams have
emerged. In some cases, their definition has remained ambiguous
and heir quantification and characterisation has remained difficult.
However, there is an urgency from the government to act on these
waste streams and provide a solution. Informal sector plays an important role in waste sorting, collection
and recycling and there are significant health and safety related risks. Technologies need to be adapted to
suit local conditions and economics. While PPP approach is preferred, several contractual issues have
reined unresolved leading to failure of the projects. There is a need to develop the capabilities of local
stakeholders and corporations on these perspectives.
Project Description
Based on the need for capacity building, Dr. Modak explained how he and Dr. Sunil Herat formed the
proposal for the project. The need of the project was to prepare training resources. The training resources
would be developed through two models- one was for professionals, who are hard-pressed for time to
invest in a full time course and another one for students. This course would be both policy and practiceoriented. The outcomes of the model for professionals- the course toolbox and training modules can be
utilised by the professionals to develop need-based training programs and hold workshops for stakeholders
in the future. These stakeholders would include waste management (WM) professionals, staff at the
municipal corporations, members of the panchayat etc.
The second module will focus on a 30 lecture post-graduate course to be offered to students at the postgraduate level, as an academic program on waste management. This course will delve more on the
fundamentals
while
blending
with
case
studies,
quantitative
and
semi-quantitative
tools
and
technology/policy options.
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Capacity Building Workshop in Waste and Resource Management for Professionals
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Project Implementation
Dr Modak explained that the project would be initiated through a draft design on the topics that would be
covered by the course of professionals. This was the main outcome expected from the workshop. The
recommended course structure would be developed further through an interactive web portal. This activity
would continue till June 2015, when the next workshop would be held.
The resources for the identified course topics would be developed during this time period. The final toolbox
would be presented in the second workshop, on June 24th, 2015 marking the beginning of the second
stage of the program. The project would invite organisations who would be interested in organising
capacity building programs. This would be facilitated through a Memorandum of Cooperation (MoC)
which would be signed by the organisation and EMC LLP. The second stage part of the program would
trigger pilots on capacity building initiatives using the resources developed in the project. At the end of the
projects, pilot experience will be reviewed with learnings and to draw on the next steps.
Present Situation of Waste Education for Professionals and
Practitioners in India
The opening session was followed by a presentation on the current status in waste education by Dr. Prasad
Modak and Shantanu Roy. A background of the existing training programs and capacity building initiatives
was provided. The present training providers and their areas of focus were also portrayed. (See Figure 3)
Composite Training
Hazardous Waste
Management
Corporate training
and workshops
E-learning
Industrial Waste
Management, Mining
Waste Management &
Disposal, Hazardous
Waste Management, eWaste Management
Environmental
Engineering with a
focus on MSW
E-waste and E-waste
rules, hazardous waste,
Waste Management:
Policies, Issues,
Challenges and Way
Forward
Integrated Municipal
Solid Waste
Management
MOOCs
Other:
Decentralised Waste Management,
CCoThiruvananthapuram
MDPs
Sustainability: Assessment,
Reporting and Assurance
Industrial Waste
Management
Other: Next Generation
Development Programme
by Leadership for Environment
and Development
Figure 3: Some of the training providers in waste management and their areas of focus
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Capacity Building Workshop in Waste and Resource Management for Professionals
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It was observed that some of the institutions have focussed on specific areas of training, e.g. Administrative
Staff College of India (ASCI) has been regularly running a course on Integrated MSWM once a year,
funded by the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD). But in general, training on waste management is not
offered on a regular basis in India as a program for professionals. In light of the recent focus on waste
management (e.g. Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan), a collaborative response to the topics in waste
management would prove to be beneficiary for professionals in waste management, and would
strengthen their practice.
Need for changes in approach towards waste management training
Dr. Sunil Herat focussed on the main challenges faced on
waste management in developing countries. These challenges
included - high waste generation from cities, inadequate and
low level of waste collection, lack of suitable treatment and
disposal, and uncontrolled disposal in open dumps. He also
expressed concern on the heavy bias on following end-of-pipe
solutions to waste management. He stressed the need for
champions in solid waste management so that learnings from
training programs can be translated into actions. Newer approached should not be only in terms of
technology (viz.”Hardware”), but also in the “software”. Technology is not the answer to all the challenges
in waste management. He drew references of solid waste management to a computer where technology
can only be one of the components of waste management. Without the software computers cannot be
used. Other considerations are required to be taken into account to provide sustainable solutions to waste
management. This can be done through a holistic method of waste management, where all the
stakeholders, and third parties have been taken into consideration Dr. Herat stressed that the training
program will be effective in integrating the stakeholders in waste management.
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Capacity Building Workshop in Waste and Resource Management for Professionals
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Figure 4: Components of Integrated Sustainable Waste Management
Dr. Herat opined that in order to integrate waste to resource management, economic growth should be
decoupled from resource consumption, and waste should be made a priority for developing countries.
Partnerships amongst relevant stakeholders should be made necessary to achieve resource recovery. It
would lead to financially viable, pro-poor, low-carbon and beginning-of-pipe solutions.
Waste
management training would help in the mainstreaming of integrated and sustainable waste management
strategies such as ISWM. Knowledge about successful institutional, business and financial models
implemented in developing countries is important. The orientation of the training programs should also be
towards development of pro-poor public private partnerships. He discussed the basics of some of the
concepts that he teaches to students at GU- municipal solid waste management, hazardous waste
management, and cleaner production and eco-efficiency. He also discussed the topics of some of the
specialist workshops that he had undertaken- pro-poor sustainable solid waste management, issues and
challenges in solid waste management in developing countries, innovative approaches and strategies for
integrated solid waste management in developing countries, social inclusivity in waste management
(gender issues and waste pickers), 3Rs as a basis for sustainable waste management and moving towards
zero waste and waste management policy and strategy development. The outcomes of the project has
been both in terms of technical and policy aspects, and has contributed to provide sustainable solutions
for the workshop.
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Capacity Building Workshop in Waste and Resource Management for Professionals
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Description of the 5 Day Course for Professionals
Shantanu Roy then described the basic elements of the 5 day program that can be developed for
professionals in waste management. The course has been designed in a format of 7 hours per day. The
course was to be divided into 6 modules, and all the modules would be substantiated with case studies in
India and around the world. The broad course modules are as follows:
Waste
Management
Waste-to-Resource
Enabling Waste
Management Plans
Regulations and
enabling policies
Waste processing
technologies
Financial
sustainability
Covering best practices and case studies in India and around the world
Figure 5: Building Blocks of 5 day course for professionals
The modules were proposed to be developed in the following template:
1.
Module Objectives: The purpose of each of the modules would be highlighted in this section
2.
Learning Outcome: The specific takeaways from the course will be defined through this section
3.
Module Outline: The suggestive teaching tools that can
be taken for conduction of the modules
4.
Teaching Tools: The methods of teaching that can be
incorporated for better understanding of the concepts
in the module
5.
Proposed Time Distribution: The suggestive time required
for the teaching of the module.
6.
Books and References: The list of references for
additional reading and better understanding of the concepts that are being taught in the course.
Mr. Roy went on to elaborate each module in detail. The building blocks are detailed from Table 2 to Table
7.
Module1: Waste-to-Resource
Table 2: Module 1- Details
SL.NO.
MODULE HEAD
1
Evolution of Waste-toResource Management
DETAILS
 De-evolution and evolution of Waste-to-Resource Management
 Current scenario – Statistics
 Major and emerging waste streams
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2
Trends in resource consumption in various sectors
 Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP)
 10YFP, Global SCP Clearinghouse, SCP Initiatives
 Extended producer responsibility (EPR)
 Take-back schemes
 Design for Sustainability (D4S)
 Green technology/Green chemistry
3
Concepts to practice
 Green procurement
 Reverse Logistics
 Upcycling and Recycling
 Upcycling vs Recycling
 Sound material cycle society
 Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) to Integrated Wasteto-Resource Management (IWRM)
4
Current market for waste products
5
Engineered materials/ Secondary materials
Since the course was meant for professionals, a lot of stress was not put on the basics. The module would
begin with waste to resource aspects in waste management. Amongst the focus areas, types of statistical
information related to waste management, evaluation of the concept of waste to resource management,
and major streams in waste management would be included in evolution of waste to resource
management. Trends in waste management would include the various typologies of waste. Concepts to
practice would include the various approaches and terminologies that have been developed for waste
management, especially newer technologies, such as Design for Sustainability (D4S). Current market
situations for waste products and different materials in waste management would also be covered. The
whole module will be covered in a time period of 6 hours.
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Module 2: Waste Management
Table 3: Module 2- Details
SL.NO.
MODULE HEAD
DETAILS
 Collection coverage
 Collection mechanisms
 Vehicles and Bins
 Stream-specific collection systems, e.g. bio-medical waste
1
Collection, Storage, and
Transportation
 City and beach clean-ups
 Collection planning, e-governance (ICT)
 Collection Schemes
 Weight-based
 Pay-as-you-throw schemes
 Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs)/Waste Sorting Centers/ Transfer
2
stations
Segregation systems
 Equipment
 Current state of landfills
3
Disposal
 Landfill regulations and bans
 Landfill Gas-to-Energy
 Landfill remediation and reclamation
Concepts related to collection, storage, and transportation would be communicated to the stakeholders
through this module. Collection mechanisms, esp. for different streams of waste will be elaborated in this
section. Collection schemes and usage of technology in collection of waste would also be covered in this
section. This would be followed by the various segregation systems, focussing on the technologies and
equipment that can be used. Disposal mechanisms with an assessment of landfills would be covered at the
end of this module. The module will be covered in a time period of 5 hours.
Ms. Monisha Narke suggested that, in this section, it would be helpful if financial mechanisms can be
incorporated in this section. Practices, such as payment for waste processing as practised in the United
States of America, can be utilised. It was decided upon that a small section of financial mechanisms
relating to Collection, Transportation and Disposal (CTD) can be added in this section, and later
elaborated in the section on finance.
Module 3: Waste Processing
Table 4: Module 3- Details
SL.NO.
1
MODULE HEAD
Physical processing
DETAILS
 Densification/Pelletisation (RDF/SRF)
 Mechanical separation and size reduction
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Capacity Building Workshop in Waste and Resource Management for Professionals
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 Aerobic Digestion/Composting
2
Biological processing
 Anaerobic Digestion/Biomethanation
 Landfill as a bioreactor
 Incineration/Mass burn with energy recovery
 Pyrolysis
3
Thermal processing
 Gasification
 Plasma arc gasification
 Co-processing
 Water
4
Integrated Resource
Recovery Facility (IRRF)
for Zero Waste
 Energy
 Nutrients
 Biosolids & biofuel
Waste processing is one of the major steps for conversion of waste to a resource and leads to a reduction
in the amount of waste finally disposed. Methods of waste processing would be elaborated in this section.
The suitability of the processes in the Indian context will also be covered. Mr. Roy also referred to some
examples which highlighted the inefficiency caused by imitating foreign technologies without preassessment. This module will be covered in a time period of 8 hours.
Module 4: Enabling Waste Management Plans
Table 5: Module 4- Details
SL.NO.
MODULE HEAD
DETAILS
 Indicators
1
Assessment
indicators
and tools for technology
selection
 Service Level Benchmarking (SLB)
 Performance Assessment System, PAS
 Tools
 SAT, EnTA, CBA, LCA etc.
 Forecasting models
 Time series model, linked parameter model, fuzzy logic
modelling, time series intervention modelling, factor model,
2
system dynamic modeling and artificial neural network (ANN)
Composition Forecasting
etc.
 Forecasting tools
 Net Waste Tool, SMARTWaste Plan, system dynamics simulation
software – Stella, Vensim, etc.
 Current waste management practices
3
Waste
management
practices
 Management and planning issues
 Key factors for a successful SWM plan
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This module will be relevant to urban local bodies and practitioners in waste management who are
concerned holistic planning and management issues in waste management. Areas where the systems are
lacking and relevant ideas to take forward would be discussed in this section. Different tools would also be
discussed in this section, which have only existed in research papers, but can be implemented will be
included in this module. Prof. Mona Iyer and Ms. Apoorva Gadre suggested that the existing manuals and
regulations should be studied and analysed to make them better as a part of the module. Participants also
discussed the potential case studies and focus areas that may be included in this section. This module will
be covered in a time period of 4 hours.
Module 5: Regulations and Enabling Policies
Table 6: Module 5- Details
SL.NO.
MODULE HEAD
DETAILS
 Impact of Inclusive Laws and Policies
1
National
policies
solid
waste
 Solid Waste Policy in India
 Solid Waste Policy in other developing countries and developed
countries
 Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1999,
The E-Waste (Management and Handling Rules) (2010), The
Environmental
2
Indian Waste
Regulations
Protection
Rules,
The
Hazardous
Wastes
(Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules
(2008), The Plastics (Manufacture, Usage and Waste Management)
Rules (2009), Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules
(1998), Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1982), Water
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1975
 Basel Convention (hazardous waste)
 Waigani Convention (radioactive waste)
 Stockholm Convention (POP waste)
3
Global conventions and
progress so far
 Rotterdam Convention (hazardous chemicals)
 OSPAR Convention (marine litter)
 London Convention (waste dumping in oceans)
 MARPOL (ship waste)
 EU directive
 Importance
 Improved service delivery
4
Institutional
arrangements
 Improved accountability
 Successful integration of the informal sector
 Organizational Structures and Roles
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 Waste Management Authorities
 Structures
of
the
city
administration
–
Decentralized,
Centralized
 Capacity
 Human Resources
 Financial Resources
 Capacity building
 Private Sector Involvement
 Collaboration with businesses dealing with waste
 Communication
 Gathering information
 Reporting information
 Daily waste management
 Institutional issues
 Scientific instruments
5
Implementation
enforcement
and
 Technology selection process
 Waste management cells
 Social instruments
 Public Participation and Cooperation
 Educational activities
 Economic instruments
 Incentives and financial mechanisms (discussed in block 6)
National and global policies, conventions and regulations would be covered under this section.
Programmes, schemes and technology applicable at a broader level will be covered in this module. Dr.
Megha Phansalkar expressed her concern on the inclusion of concepts of waste management which can
be applied to rural areas. It was, however, made clear that the application of the various concepts would
be different for different states. States with predominant rural population would have different learnings
from this module compared to states with a predominant urban areas. Learnings would be different for
regional plans as well. The module will be covered in a time period of 6 hours.
Module 6: Financial Sustainability
Table 7: Module 6- Details
SL.NO.
1
MODULE HEAD
Cost and
SWM
benefits
DETAILS
of
 SWM based on CBA to compare different SWM approaches
 Financial sustainability of SWM approaches
 PPP
2
Business models
 NGO involvement
 Combined model
 Cooperative supported model
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 Importance of Sustainable and Responsible Business
 Regulatory compliance
 Increased brand value
 Cost savings
3
Concept of Sustainable
and
Responsible
Business
 Measures to be taken to make a business sustainable and
responsible
 Material and energy audits
 Reuse and Recycling
 Green procurement
 Walking the talk: Integrating waste prevention in the business policy
 Incentive schemes
4
Financing mechanisms
 Micro-finance schemes
 Government Funding
Various financial measures in waste management would be discussed in this module. The need for the
inclusion of experts in order to conduct this module was stressed upon in this section. The participants
suggested that newer processes such as Right to Information (RTI) and their role in the monitoring and
financing mechanisms would be highlighted through this module. This module would be covered in a time
period of 6 hours.
Mr. Roy made the presentation interactive by enquiring from the participants the topics that must be
covered under the module in general. The participants gave in their views by suggesting topics such as
basics of waste management, delineation of waste into streams, environmental and social impact of waste
management, data techniques that can be utilised for waste management, disposal metrics and their
advantages. Prof. Mona Iyer from CEPT University stressed on the importance of addressing specific
problems for different professionals- decision makers or policy makers, engineers, supervisors, and others. It
is important to maintain the practicality of the training program and help in solving the issues that these
professionals face. Hence, segregation and expansion of the course modules at a later stage would be
necessary. Ms. Apoorva Gadre from the SWM Department of DoSTE, Goa also supported the need for
establishing need-based training programs by providing examples of how thumb rules have been
beneficial for ground level waste collectors and managers in rural Goa, India. Ms. Monisha Narke of RUR
opined on the need for the inclusion of international certifications, guidelines and benchmarks into the
waste management program. The participants agreed that the stakeholders should be empowered to
implement and make changes at the ground level after being a part of the program. It was agreed that
that would be the biggest takeaway from the program.
Experience Sharing Sessions
Dr. Prasad Modak and Mr. Shantanu Roy set the tone for the working groups before lunch. They elaborated
on the basics of the working group. The participants were instructed to divide themselves in three groups,
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Capacity Building Workshop in Waste and Resource Management for Professionals
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wherein they shall discuss the contents of the course modules and would make their suggestions and
recommendations on the course. The groups would be expected to cover all the topics through three
viewpoints- NGOs/CBOs, Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and professionals. The requirements of these three
target groups should be kept in mind while adding to the requirements of the workshop.
Post lunch, Dr. Modak requested Ms. Jyoti Mhapsekar (SMS, Mumbai), Prof. Mona Iyer (CEPT University,
Ahmedabad) and Ms. Apoorva Gadre (SWM Cell, Goa) to elaborate on their experiences in Continued
Education Programme (CEP) in waste management.
Experience Sharing: Ms. Apoorva Gadre
Ms. Apoorva Gadre is the Manager (Technical) at the SWM Cell in the Department of Science, Technology
and Environment (DoSTE), Government of Goa (GoG). It is a comparatively new division that has come into
being. She focussed on some of the recent initiatives that have been taken up as a part of their initiatives in
waste management. A brief introduction to the current waste situation of Goa was provided.
She
focussed on
the institutional arrangements
in waste
management in the state. A High Level Task Force (HLTF) which is
the apex body with only government members which help in
undertaken all the decisions relating to solid waste management
in the state of Goa. The Monitoring-cum-Working Committee for
Solid Waste Management was another such department. This
committee has members from the NGOs as well as from the
government, ensuring better stakeholder participation. The
committee was formulated to implement the various provisions of
Figure 6: Waste dumping Sites around
Goa- as cited by Ms. Gadre
waste management Acts, such as the MSWM Act, the Goa Non-Biodegradable Garbage Control Act, and
others. The SWM Cell where she is currently engaged in, is another of the institutional initiatives that has
been taken by the GoG. They are responsible for the day-to-day operations under this workshop. Redressal
of issues, implementation and provision of assistance at the ground level are the major functions of this Cell.
The waste management initiatives were to be taken in conjunction with
the village panchayats and other local bodies in Goa, which is important
for the success of any initiative undertaken, as mandated in the MSW
2000 Rules.
Ms. Gadre went on to emphasise that the problem of dry waste is much
more in the city of Goa than the problem of wet waste. Non-recycleable
and non-biodegradable waste has posed to be a major issue for the state of Goa. A Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) signed with the Vasavdatta Cement Company, Karnataka, who use this waste and
compress it under a CPCB- approved process, has helped in solving this problem to a large extent. This MoU
has been an important achievement in the waste management sector of Goa. It has led to the
development of a procedure for treatment and processing of the non-recycleable waste generated from
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Capacity Building Workshop in Waste and Resource Management for Professionals
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the
state.
It
has
also
led
to
some
employment
oppurtunities and illegal acquisition of waste from the
contractors. The SWM Cell has thus established a
collection mechanism for the waste generated in Goa,
especially the non-recycleable component of it. She
went on to elaborate on the process of collection
through the use of simple Information Communication
Technology (ICT) techniques and involvement of the
panchayats and local champions in the form of NGOs and collection agencie s.
Figure 7: The cycle of waste processing by
the SWM Cell, DoSTE, GoG
She closed her session by answering some of the queries
from the participants, and also shared some of the small
interventions
that
have
been
undertaken
for
the
successful collection of waste. The session helped in highlighting how simple interventions can be used to
make the system of waste collection and processing more efficient. Dr. Modak opined that the course, in
this case, would be very different and specific and thus, needs to be adapted according to their
requirements.
Experience Sharing: Ms. Jyoti Mhapsekar
Ms. Jyoti Mhapsekar is the founder member of Stree Mukti Sangathana (SMS), Mumbai, which has focussed
on the informal sector in waste management in the city. The focus of the workshop was also on the
upliftment of women and the management of the informal sector in waste
management. She highlighted the issues in informal wast e management in
the city.
SMS’ contribution in the field of formalising informal wastepickers in the
waste management process and their contribution in the setting up of biomethanation plants in the city were highlighted. Their expertise has been in
training of workers, stakeholders and also knowledge dissemination on segregation amongst various
stakeholder groups. SMS is in the process of setting up a Training Centre in Navi Mumbai this year.
Experience Sharing: Prof. Mona Iyer
Prof. Mona Iyer is the Associate Professor in the Faculty of Planning and Public Policy at the Centre for
Environmental Planning and Technology (CEPT) University. After her introduction, she stressed on the
importance of solid waste in planning courses. She highlighted some of the part-time, online certificate and
professional development courses in waste management.
She highlighted some of the training programs that CEPT had completed
under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM),
for which they were commissioned by the Ministry of Urban Development
(MoUD). CEPT was also appointed as the anchor institute on solid waste
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Capacity Building Workshop in Waste and Resource Management for Professionals
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management by the Government of Gujarat (GoGu). Nodal institutes were to be selected by GoGu where
the training would be conducted through technical modules developed for stakeholders- such as
plumbers, engineers, and others. She also highlighted the Performance Assessment System (PAS) project on
water and sanitation, commissioned by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to CEPT. The project helped
in the development of simple ICT technologies for capacity building.
She stressed that given the special kind of expertise that is demanded from training programs organised by
CEPT, the current program would help in expanding the knowledge base and better redressal of issues
during training programs. CEPT is proposing to conduct a Winter School on Waste Management end of the
year.
This session was followed by the working groups where the participants were divided into three groups and
discussions were done on the 5 day course. The main outputs of the three groups are highlighted in the
following section.
WORKING GROUPS
The working groups were formed in following manner, based on their background and areas of expertise.
Group A
Asha Panwar, Jyoti Mhapsekar, Monisha Narke, Geetanjali Pawar
Group B
Dnyaneshwar Kamble, Neha Pattnayak, Deepali Sinha Khetriwal
Group C
Mona Iyer, Zarasp Irani, Apoorva Gadre, Shashikant Kamble
The groups were given about one and a half hours to discuss the 5 day course for professionals, as
presented by Mr. Shantanu Roy. The findings are as follows.
Group A
1.
The Course has to be spread out and made more flexible. A continuous course for professionals will
be a problem. Schedule such as one day a week may work.
2. A local field visit of half a day can be incorporated for better
understanding. The site could include a dumping ground, and projects
that have been successfully implemented.
3. In the course, more focus should be given to agencies and
their details, especially, their role in EPR and Green Procurement should
be highlighted.
4.
Upcycling of waste should be avoided and they should not be included in the course. Instead,
more focus should be given on the recycling of waste.
5.
A detailed list of waste streams, methods of collection and guidelines for specific waste streams
may be highlighted. It can be connected to practicing of the EPR.
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Capacity Building Workshop in Waste and Resource Management for Professionals
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6.
Other challenges in the social and economic context may also be embedded in this course, e.g.
the importance of informal sector and how they can be integrated in mainstream waste
management and how to address livelihood, dignity, health and safety.
7.
Focus should also be given on infrastructure required for waste management. Discontinuation of
weight based measures, smarter collection technologies and methods to handle mixed waste
were some of the suggestions from the group.
8.
Safety and hygiene should also be taken up as an issue for waste management. The inclusion of
technology in this aspect can also be highlighted.
9.
Local case studies should diversify from providing only case studies on aerobic and anaerobic
waste management procedures. Case studies on biogas plants and recycling plants can be
included, for example.
10. The Module 4 of the course should include some procedural tools to understand the tools and
practices of solid waste management better. Tools like calculators of impact should be included.
11. Reality checks should be incorporated as to what should be monitored and what not.
12. Active organizations in the waste management sector should be incorporated.
13. A module can be developed on public education and awareness building and communication.
Group B
1.
Driving Engagement should be incorporated in the following waysBusiness opportunities and road maps, methods of scaling up,
Institutional framework for Governance, show stoppers (best
examples), Communication model ( Data representation for
various reports , Customized Dash boards and information for
different stakeholders ) and benchmarks
2.
Business Aspect can be incorporated by introducing venture
capital funding in financial sustainability section. Understanding of how the business proposals are
assessed should be included. This is needed since lot of waste management proposal are getting
rejected.
3.
The details under ’Measures to be taken to make a business sustainable and responsible’ from
financial sustainability section should be removed.
Group C
1.
The overall course should be covered through resource materials which would make the
encapsulation of the modules easily. The standard operating procedure for certain systems may
also be incorporated in the course.
2. Clear milestones for the participants in the course should be
highlighted that are expected to be achieved.
3. Peering should be incorporated within the course for better
learning.
4. A field visit to best practices can also be included. The
course can be split into two parts- classroom modules and visits.
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Capacity Building Workshop in Waste and Resource Management for Professionals
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5.
Module1: Awareness on the necessity of Waste to resource management should be incorporated.
Topic of EPRs should be incorporated to emphasize partnerships. Technical requirements should be
addressed. The kind of waste to be segregated, sorted or extracted should be made available.
6.
Module 2: The State jurisdiction of the operation should be clearly identified in the module. State
level policies should be used. Cooperation and coordination among agencies should also be
encouraged as a part of the course. Troubleshooting manuals should be provided for field
practitioners.
7.
Module 3: The pros and cons of each kind of waste disposal can be specified. The technical
training and operational assistance should also be highlighted in this section. Rapid assessment
methods of waste audit could be incorporated in this module.
8.
Module 4: A common template for indicators may be provided.
9.
Module 5: The methods of enforcement of the legal procedures can be added. The necessity of
monitoring, accountability and assessment of the current labour force can be incorporated. Green
procurement should be emphasized for waste prevention and stressing from Life Cycle Assessment
point of view. Involvement of social scientists is recommended.
10. Module 6: Waste finance and their implications and economic models should be discussed in this
module.
The workshop was closed by Dr. Modak with a note of thanks to all the participants for their inputs in the
working groups.
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Capacity Building Workshop in Waste and Resource Management for Professionals
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Figure 8: Group Photo of the Workshop Participants
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Capacity Building Workshop in Waste and Resource Management for Professionals
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ANNEXURES
Related tables and information about the workshop
ANNEXURE 1
Table 8: List of Participants at the Workshop with Contact Details
NAME
ORGANISATION
CONTACT
Anuja Sawant
Environmental Engineer, Prasad Modak and
[email protected]
Associates (Mumbai)
Apoorva Gadre
Solid Waste Management (SWM) Cell,
[email protected]
Department. of Science, Technology and
Environment , Government of Goa (DoSTE)
(Goa)
Asha Panwar
Ph.D. Scholar, Centre for Technology
[email protected]
Alternatives for Rural Areas (CTARA) ,IIT Bombay
(Mumbai)
Ashini Malhotra
Regional Manager(India &Sri Lanka), Griffith
[email protected]
University (Australia)
Dnyaneshwar
Senior Manager, CMC Ltd (Mumbai)
[email protected]
Dr. Deepali Sinha
Research Associate, United Nations University
[email protected]
Khetriwal
Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability
Kamble
(UNU-IAS), and
Senior Consultant, Sofies (Mumbai)
Dr. Megha
Independent Environment Services Professional
Phansalkar
(Mumbai)
Dr. Prasad Modak
Executive
President,
Environmental
[email protected]
[email protected]
Management Centre (Mumbai)
Dr.Sunil Herat
Senior Lecturer in Waste management, Griffith
[email protected]
University (Australia)
Emon Dastidar
Environmental
Planner,
Environmental
[email protected]
Management Centre (Mumbai)
Geetanjali Pawar
Waste-to-Energy Research
and
Technology
[email protected]
Council (WTERT) (Mumbai)
Jyoti Mhapsekar
Founder Member, Stree Mukti Sangathana(SMS)
[email protected]
(Mumbai)
Monisha Narke
Reducing Reusing Recycling, RUR
[email protected]
Neha Pattnayak
Plasma Energy (Navi Mumbai)
[email protected]
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Prof. Mona Iyer
Associate
Professor,
CEPT
University
[email protected]
(Ahmedabad)
Shantanu Roy
Senior
Vice
President,
Environmental
[email protected]
Management Centre (Mumbai)
Shashikant
Waste-to-Energy Research
Kamble
Council (WTERT) (Mumbai)
Zarasp Irani
Independent Consultant
Australia-India Council Grants Program 2014-15
and
Technology
[email protected]
[email protected]
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