1. sports
2. rugby

Rugby Turf Performance Specification
April 2015
Rugby Turf Performance Specification
April 2015
Rugby Turf Performance Specification
Technical Manual*
April 2015 Edition
Contents Page
1. Introduction
2. The World Rugby process to achieve a successful field certification
3. Testing protocol
4. Test Institute requirements
5. Test methods
6. Laboratory test requirements
7. Field test requirements
8. Field dimensions and markings
9. Maintenance procedures
Appendices
Plan of test locations for all tests
Additional requirements for AAA
Standard wetting procedure
* The World Rugby Rugby Turf Performance Specification has, with the kind permission of FIFA, been reproduced in part from the FIFA
Turf Manual
150416 LW Rugby Turf Performance Specification.docx
2
Rugby Turf Performance Specification
April 2015
Disclaimer: Whilst every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this document any
party who makes use of any part of this document in the development of an artificial turf pitch (a "User") does so at its own
risk and shall indemnify World Rugby their officers, directors, servants, consultants and agents against all claims,
proceedings, actions, damages, costs, expenses and any other liabilities for loss or damage to any property, or injury or
death to any person that may be made against or incurred by the World Rugby arising out of or in connection with such
User's use of this document.
Compliance with the requirements detailed in this document by a User does not of itself confer on that User immunity from
legal obligations. Compliance with the requirements detailed in this document by a User constitutes acceptance of the
terms of this disclaimer by that User.
World Rugby reserves the right to amend, update or delete sections of this manual at any time as deemed necessary. All
rights in the FIFA Turf Manual are reserved to FIFA exclusively. This World Rugby manual may not be reproduced in
whole or in part in any manner without the permission of FIFA and World Rugby.
150416 LW Rugby Turf Performance Specification.docx
3
Rugby Turf Performance Specification
April 2015
1. Introduction
Rugby Union as a sport was quick to adopt new generation (3G) artificial grass surfaces for the development of the game.
What is now referred to as World Rugby Regulation 22 was introduced in 2003 to ensure that 3G surfaces replicate the
playing qualities of good quality natural grass. Climatic conditions, in many countries where the game is played, make it
difficult to grow natural turf. In countries where Rugby Union is developing, these surfaces offer credible alternatives to
those parts of the world where climate or resources make good quality natural grass pitches difficult or impossible to
achieve. In future it is hoped that the development of multi-use artificial turfs, where Rugby and Association Football can
be played, will provide a potential solution to facility operators wishing to maximise the use of their facilities through
community use and those struggling with stadium microclimates that make the maintenance and growth of natural grass
difficult. Guidelines for natural turf can be found on www.worldrugby.org under Play Rugby or upon request from the World
Rugby Technical Services Department.
To ensure that these new types of playing surfaces replicate the playing qualities of good quality natural grass, provide a
playing environment that will not increase the risk of injury to players and are of adequate durability (providing they are
maintained), World Rugby has developed the Rugby Turf Performance Specification. Revised in 2011, 2012, and again
in 2015 the Performance Specification is a rigorous test programme for artificial turf that assesses the ball surface
interaction, player surface interaction and durability of products and has been modified to align the standard with that of
the FIFA Quality Concept for Football Turf and ensure that there is continuous improvement as artificial turf develops. In
accordance with World Rugby Regulation 22 any artificial turf used for any form of competitive rugby (at all levels of the
game) needs to comply with World Rugby Regulation 22 and the Rugby Turf Performance Specification.
The laboratory test programme, which an artificial turf must satisfy as part of the Rugby Turf Performance Specification,
includes a programme of simulated use to assess the ability of a surface to perform over a period of time. The degree of
simulated use undertaken on a product is designed to replicate moderate levels of use which are significantly greater than
those achieved by natural turf systems. Potential installers of artificial turf fields should note, however, that experience has
shown fields subjected to very high intensity use may not be able to retain the demanding performance criteria of the
Rugby Turf Performance Specification for the life of the playing surface. Manufacturers of Rugby Turf systems should be
able to clearly advise on the weekly usage of these surfaces for rugby. Failure to undertake adequate maintenance will
also reduce the period of time a field may satisfy the requirements of the Rugby Turf Performance Specification.
This edition of the manual supersedes previous editions with effect from April 1, 2015.
150416 LW Rugby Turf Performance Specification.docx
4
Rugby Turf Performance Specification
April 2015
2. The World Rugby Process to Achieve Successful Field Certification
Unions, clubs or organisations seeking to install/use Rugby Turf must comply with the Rugby Turf Performance
Specification.
150416 LW Rugby Turf Performance Specification.docx
5
Rugby Turf Performance Specification
April 2015
3. Testing Protocol
When a manufacturer/World Rugby Preferred Turf Producer requests a laboratory type approval test they must consult
with a World Rugby Accredited Test Institute to ensure that the correct samples are submitted to enable the test to be
carried out in accordance with this standard. Products submitted for testing must incorporate yarn(s) which have previously
been tested by a World Rugby Accredited Test Institute. The minimum size of the samples provided for type testing must
comply with requirements specified in the testing manual.
Note: The World Rugby Member Union must receive evidence that the system that is due to be installed has gone through
all the relevant laboratory testing and has met all requirements of such. The manufacturer/World Rugby Preferred Turf
Producer must submit the relevant documentation to World Rugby and the World Rugby Member Union in whose
jurisdiction the field lies in advance of the installation.
150416 LW Rugby Turf Performance Specification.docx
6
Rugby Turf Performance Specification
April 2015
4. Test Institute Requirements
Test Institutes shall be independent testing establishments who have been approved by World Rugby and have entered
into a contract with World Rugby to provide these services. Test Institutes must take part in the rigorous round robin testing
together with proving ISO 17025 compliance. These companies must satisfy the exacting professionalism necessary to
become a World Rugby Accredited Test Institute. Further information can be obtained from [email protected].
150416 LW Rugby Turf Performance Specification.docx
7
Rugby Turf Performance Specification
April 2015
5. Test Methods
The test methods used to assess artificial turfs and installed fields are described in either the Rugby Turf Performance
Specification. Where a test method is given a dated reference, subsequent amendments to or revisions of the method will
apply to this document only when incorporated into it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition
of the publication referred to applies.
Note: All fields submitted for initial testing after April 2015 shall meet the requirements of this Performance Specification.
Fields designed or contracted prior to April 2015 and submitted for initial testing during 2015 that are surfaced with products
that have satisfied the laboratory requirements of the previous edition of the Rugby Turf Performance Specification shall
meet the field test requirements of the previous edition of the Rugby Turf Performance Specification. Fields tested to the
previous edition of the Rugby Turf Performance Specification shall continue to be tested and comply with that edition of
the Specification applicable at the time of the initial field test. In order to ensure that manufacturer/World Rugby Preferred
Turf Producer has adequate time to test products to the new requirements, there will be a twelve month transition period
from date of issue. This transition period also applies to product testing. The new version will come fully into effect by April
1, 2016 and all manufacturers/World Rugby Preferred Turf Producers must have products validated by that date.
150416 LW Rugby Turf Performance Specification.docx
8
Rugby Turf Performance Specification
April 2015
6. Laboratory Test Requirements
6.1 General
When a product is submitted for testing to a World Rugby Accredited Test Institute for initial product type approval the
artificial turf shall fully satisfy the requirements as set out in Table 1 and 2 using the test methods specified. The
components of the artificial turf system shall be identified using the test methods called up in Table 2 and the results
compared to the data given in the declaration supplied by the manufacturer/World Rugby Preferred Turf Producer. The
difference between the product identification and the manufacturer/World Rugby Preferred Turf Producer declaration shall
be no greater than the tolerances set out in Table 3. Artificial rugby turf has a minimum pile length requirement of 60mm.
Tolerances are as set out below.
Results should be recorded as accurately as the apparatus used allows, averages should be calculated to this number of
decimal places or to one decimal place more than the permitted values are expressed in, whichever is the greater.
6.2 Use of Data from Previously Tested Artificial Turf – Resistance to Artificial Weathering
If an artificial turf product has been previously tested by a World Rugby Accredited Test Institute for resistance to artificial
weathering the results may be used for the new rugby product where;
Table 1
Property
Pile characteristic
Test Requirement
DSC
ISO 11357 - 3
Tolerance
Ø Within ± 3°C of previously declared value (polymer
peaks, commonly LDPE, MDPE + LLDPE) if
applicable with a similar signature, if there is any
doubt on signatures seek advice from World Rugby
Pile thickness
Measurement by microscopy
and graduated scale of 10
micron resolution
Within 20% of declared value shape and profile to
be recorded.
Pile profile
Measurement by microscopy
pictures of yarn/profile must be
provided in report
To be similar to declared shape
Colour
RAL Number
To be similar to declared colour
Pile length
ISO 2549
Within ± 5% of stated declared value
Note; Ø with low density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene and linear low density polyethylene, the melting point or reaction
point will be determined by the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Higher density polyethylene will generally have a higher melting
point as it takes more energy to melt a higher density polymer. Some fibers have a blend of different density polymers with a double peak
DSC.
6.3 Use of Existing Shock Pad Systems and Other Base Types
If an existing artificial turf pitch is converted to an artificial rugby pitch in the refurbishment of an old pitch, there may be
existing shock pad systems which can be retained and incorporated into the new pitch. Existing shock pad systems can
be retained so long as the following requirements are verified by in-situ sampling by an independent laboratory:
1.
The mean shock absorption of the existing pad is between 90% and 110% of the manufacturers declared shock
absorption value when the product was initially submitted for type approval.
2.
The mean deformation is no greater than ± 2mm of the deformation of the manufacturers declared value when
150416 LW Rugby Turf Performance Specification.docx
9
Rugby Turf Performance Specification
April 2015
the product was initially submitted for type approval.
3.
The water permeability of the laid shock pad is greater than 500mm/hr when tested in accordance with EN 12616.
4.
Visually, there is no apparent binder failure or loose friable rubber or significant variance in all areas.
Note: The shock pad may have been sampled and tested to identify the aforementioned properties at tender stage
however it is important that the exposed shock pad is checked when the old carpet is removed for the issues identified in
Clause 4 above to ensure it has retained its sports functional characteristics.
The installed shock pad shall be tested for each property above in 29 positions as detailed in Figure 1. Tests on the
existing shock pad shall be carried out prior to refurbishment, but in any case no longer than 12 months prior to the initial
field test, to ensure that the properties of the shock pad do not change in this period. This dispensation does not negate
the need for the field to fully meet the Rugby Turf Performance Specification.
150416 LW Rugby Turf Performance Specification.docx
10
Table 2 – Laboratory Test Requirements
Test conditions
Property
Test Method
Requirements
Preparation
Vertical ball rebound –
football
Angle ball rebound
EN 12235 (results
expressed as
absolute rebound)
Determination of
Angle Ball Rebound ᶠ
Temperature
Condition
23ºC (±2ºC)
Dry
0.60m - 1.0m
Wet
0.60m – 1.0m
Dry
0.60m - 1.0m
Dry
45% -70%
Wet
Dry
45% - 80%
Pre-conditioning
Simulated Wear
23ºC (±2ºC)
Pre-conditioning
23ºC (±2ºC)
Pre-conditioning
57% - 68%
23ºC (±2ºC)
Shock Absorption
Wet
AAA Version
Simulated Wear
Dry
57% - 68%
(Appendix 1)
Pre-conditioning
40ºC (±2ºC)
Dry
57% - 68%
Pre-conditioning
-5ºC (±2ºC) ∞
Frozen
57% - 68%
Dry
Pre-conditioning
22% – 48%
Wet
23ºC (±2ºC)
Energy Restitution
AAA Version
(Appendix 1)
Simulated Wear
Wet
22% – 48%
Pre-conditioning
-5ºC (±2ºC)
Frozen
22% – 48%
Pre-conditioning
40ºC (±2ºC)
Dry
22% – 48%
Rugby Turf Performance Specification
April 2015
Table 2 – Laboratory Test Requirements (CONT’D)
Test conditions
Property
Test Method
Requirements
Preparation
Temperature
Condition
Dry
Pre-conditioning
Head Injury Criteria
Wet
EN 1177
Loose particulate
23ºC (±2ºC)
Simulated
Head Injury Criteria*
EN 1177
Loose particulate
≥1.4m
Wear**
Pre-conditioning
40ºC (±2ºC)
Dry
≥1.3m
Dry
≥1.4m
Dry
Pre-conditioning
6mm – 10mm
Wet
23ºC (±2ºC)
AAA Version
Vertical Deformation**
(Appendix 1)
EN 15301 – 1
Rotational Resistance
Simulated Wear
6mm – 10mm
Pre-conditioning
-5ºC (±2ºC)
Frozen
6mm – 10mm
Pre-conditioning
40ºC (±2ºC)
Dry
6mm – 10mm
Dry
32Nm - 43Nm
Wet
32Nm - 43Nm
Dry
32Nm - 43Nm
Pre-conditioning
23ºC (±2ºC)
With football studs
Simulated Wear
150416 LW Rugby Turf Performance Specification.docx
Wet
23ºC (±2ºC)
12
Rugby Turf Performance Specification
April 2015
Table 2 – Laboratory Test Requirements (CONT’D)
Property
Test conditions
Test Method
Linear Friction - Stud
Deceleration Value
Determination of
Linear Friction Stud
Slide Value & Stud
Deceleration ᶠ
Linear Friction - Stud Slide
Value
Preparation
Temperature
Pre-conditioning
23ºC (±2ºC)
Pre-conditioning
Requirement
Condition
Dry
3.0g - 6.0g
Wet
3.0g – 6.0g
Dry
120 – 220
Wet
120 – 220
23ºC (±2ºC)
Skin / surface friction
Determination of
Skin/Surface Friction
and Skin Abrasion ᶠ
Pre-conditioning
23ºC (±2ºC)
Dry
0.35 - 0.75
Skin abrasion
Procedure for
simulated mechanical
abrasion during use ᶠ
Pre-conditioning
23ºC (±2ºC)
Dry
+ 30%
ᶠ
Developed by FIFA as FIFA Test Methods for the FIFA Quality Concept (FQC) for Football Turf Handbook of Test Methods.
*
The HIC test at 40°C shall be conducted as soon as practicable after removing the sample from the heating chamber. It shall then be tested via the determination of three single impacts of
HIC <1000 at 1.4m drop height.
**
As determined by three single drops on the surface of the conditioned sample after simulated wear.
Samples shall be preconditioned using a studded roller as per the FIFA methods. Simulated wear shall mean 20,200 cycles of the Lisport machine. Where the test method specifies that a
sample shall be tested ‘wet’ a standard wetting procedure shall be adopted see Appendix 2. All tests will be carried out using a FIFA approved ball which has been supplied through the FQC.
150416 LW Rugby Turf Performance Specification.docx
13
Rugby Turf Performance Specification
April 2015
Table 2 – Laboratory Test Requirements (CONT’D)
Property
Characteristic
Requirement
Test Method
Following Artificial Weathering in accordance with EN 14836:2005 (UVA) the following tests should be carried out 1
Artificial turf
Colour change
EN ISO 20105-A02
Pile yarn (s)
Tensile strength minimum requirements
EN 13864
Pile yarn (s)
Tensile strength
EN 13864
Polymeric infill
Colour change
EN ISO 20105-A02
Joint strength – unaged
EN 12228 Method 1
Joint strength – after immersion in hot
water
EN 13744 & EN 12228 Method 1
Joint strength – unaged
EN 12228 Method 1
Joint strength – after immersion in hot
water
EN 13744 & EN 12228 Method 1
Joint strength – after immersion in hot
water
Direct tension
EN 13744 & EN 12228 Method 2
Joint strength: stitched seams
Joint strength: bonded seams
Joint strength: peel strength
(bonded seams only)
Carpet strength
150416 LW Rugby Turf Performance Specification.docx
> Grey scale 3
Fib
≥30N
Mono
≥8N
% change from unaged
to be no more than 50%
> Grey scale 3
2500N/100mm
ISO 13934-1
2500N/100mm
25N/100mm
25N/mm
14
Rugby Turf Performance Specification
April 2015
Table 2 – Laboratory Test Requirements (CONT’D)
Property
Test Method
Condition
Requirement
Tensile strength of shock pads and e-layers (if supplied as part of
system)
EN 12230
Unaged
≥0.15MPa
Water permeability 2
EN 12616
Unaged
> 500mm/h
Surfaces that fail the shock absorption test at -5°C may only be installed on pitches that have an under pitch heating system or in locations that do not experience temperatures
below 0°C.
1
2
Note:
In instances where a local requirement exists, which exceeds the UVA criteria as set out in EN 14836:2005, then local requirements shall supersede this requirement.
Not applicable to surfaces designed specifically for indoor use.
SBR and coated SBR shall be treated as two separate products.
150416 LW Rugby Turf Performance Specification.docx
15
7. Field Test Requirements
World Rugby and the World Rugby Member Union or the client must receive evidence, from an Accredited Test
Institute, that the system that is due to be installed has gone through all the relevant laboratory testing and has
met all requirements of such. The manufacturer/World Rugby Preferred Turf Producer must submit the relevant
documentation to World Rugby and the World Rugby Member Union or the client in whose jurisdiction the field
lies in advance of the installation. All products which comply with the laboratory testing can be installed whether
they are produced by a World Rugby Preferred Turf Producer or another manufacturer.
Any product being installed must have been lab tested and be shown to comply with Regulation 22 prior to the
installation taking place.
When a field is tested it shall satisfy the requirements of Table 3, 4, 5 or 6 as appropriate in any position on the
field. There are 29 locations tested with the AAA apparatus as set out in Figure 1 below. The nine red numbered
locations must also be tested for HIC, rotational resistance and vertical ball rebound, as must a minimum of one
of the test locations along each touchline as indicated by the white numbering. Manhole covers/sprinkler heads
must also be tested if not within the 29 test locations specified below.
The field shall be tested in the positions as specified in the Rugby Turf Performance Specification. Field tests
should be carried out on areas of turf which do not contain seams, inlaid lines or painted on lines. Maintenance
of the field shall not be undertaken during the field test therefore no brushing, levelling or topping up of infill should
be carried out. Should a minor problem be identified during testing which can be resolved within 24 hours the
World Rugby Accredited Test Institute may be commissioned to return to the field to complete the testing
programme.
Weather conditions during the test should allow for the proper and correct performance of the test procedures
which should not be hindered or altered by wind, rain or cold conditions. Testing will be conducted within the
temperature range +5oC to +45oC (temperatures refer to the surface temperature of the infill materials). Wind
speed should not be so great as to affect the testing process, namely a maximum of 2.0m/sec. Pitches must be
re-tested every two years before the anniversary of the initial test.
The number of test areas on smaller pitches, e.g. training pitches, must be pro-rated by area using the 15 test
points within the field of play, where six test points is the minimum number for any field.
Results should be recorded as accurately as the apparatus used allows, averages should be calculated to this
number of decimal places or to one decimal place more than the permitted values are expressed in, whichever is
the greater.
Pitch Plan with Test Points for AAA
Figure 1
Table 3 – Product Identification Tests
Component
Artificial turf
Pile yarn(s)
Infill
Performance infill
(if supplied as part of system)
Test Method
Permitted variation between laboratory component
and manufacture’s declaration
Mass per unit area
ISO 8543
< ± 10%
Tufts per unit area
ISO 1763
< ± 10%
Tuft withdrawal force
ISO 4919
Pile length
ISO 2549
< ± 5%
Pile weight
ISO 8543
< ± 10%
Pile yarn characterisation
DSC
Same polymer
Layer thickness
EN 1969
± 15% of manufacturers declared value
Particle size
EN 933 - Part 1
< ± 20%
Particle shape
EN 14955
Similar shape
Bulk density
EN 1097-3
< ± 15%
% organic
Thermo-gravimetric analysis
Within 10% of declared value
% inorganic*
(for information)
Within 10% of declared value
Characteristic
> 40N
Rugby Turf Performance Specification
April 2015
Table 3 – Product Identification Tests (Cont’d)
Component
Characteristic
Test Method
Permitted variation between laboratory component
and manufacture’s declaration
Performance infill
(if supplied as part of system)
Change in appearance
In-house method photography EN
14955
Similar shape
Particle size
EN 933 - Part 1
< ± 20%
Particle shape
EN 14955
Similar shape
Bulk density
EN 1097-3
< ± 15%
Shock Absorption
AAA
< ± 5% Force Reduction
Thickness
EN 1969
Stabilising infill
(if supplied as part of system)
Shock pads / e-layers
(if supplied as part of system)
Composition
Unbound sub-bases
(if tested as part of system)
Particle size range (attach particle
size grading to test report)
Particle shape
150416 LW Rugby Turf Performance Specification.docx
-
> 90% of manufacturer’s declaration
Same composition
EN 933 - Part 1
< ± 20%
EN 14955
Similar shape
18
World Rugby Regulation 22 Performance Specification – Technical
7.1. Visual Inspection of Field Prior to Testing
Prior to, and during, the field test programme it is necessary to conduct a visual inspection of the surface to ensure
that there are no significant defects in the surface which could be hazardous to players. Features such as the
following should be noted:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Seam failures of any type such as lumps of glue, incorrect stitch orientation
Looped yarn/pile
Uneven fill - low or proud areas
Exposed irrigation heads
Exposed goal and flag sockets
Upright goals
Position of goals
Loose bungs for goal sockets
Loose or dangerous goal structures, flags which do not comply with safety requirements
Checks should also be made to ensure that the line markings are; straight, in the correct position and
the right colour.
Any other untypical feature of the system
Where an World Rugby Accredited Test Institute deems that there is an issue with a hazard on the field of play
then the manufacturer/World Rugby Preferred Turf Producer/installer shall be required to make safe the issue
identified to the satisfaction of the World Rugby Accredited Test Institute prior to the issue of the Field Test Report
to the World Rugby Member Union in whose jurisdiction the field lies.
Note: The inspection carried out by the World Rugby Accredited Test Institute does not constitute a formal site
safety audit and is carried out as a requirement of the Rugby Turf Performance Specification. The responsibility for
the safety of the facility rests fully with the proprietor and neither the World Rugby Accredited Test Institute, nor
World Rugby, can be held responsible for any matter arising from the inspection report issued by the World Rugby
Accredited Test Institute to the World Rugby Member Union in whose jurisdiction the field lies.
7.2. Material Identification – First Field Test
In order to ensure the components of artificial turf installed on a field are the same as those previously tested in
the laboratory the first field test shall include the identification tests detailed in Table 3. The maximum variation
between the installed materials and the manufacturer/World Rugby Preferred Turf Producer/installer’s declaration,
as detailed on the World Rugby Laboratory Report, shall be as specified in Table 3.
The samples of artificial turf shall be supplied to the laboratory when they undertake the field test. Samples of yarn,
sand and rubber from the field shall be obtained by the laboratory. Samples should be submitted in adequate time
so that if it is found they do not comply with the requirements of the World Rugby specification a new laboratory
test using the new materials can be made prior to installation of the artificial turf and subsequent field test.*
Note: Where alternative suppliers of infill materials to those detailed in the original laboratory test report are to be
used, samples of the infill should also be submitted in advance of construction so that compliance of these materials
with the requirements of the World Rugby Artificial Rugby Turf Performance Specification can be determined prior
to installation.
* This is a rare occurrence and will result in significant delay for the approval of the field, as laboratory testing will
take several months to complete before a new laboratory report can be generated.
7.3. Material identification – Field Retests
To check that the artificial turf installed on a field has not been materially altered from that tested previously any
retest must include the identification tests detailed in Table 5 and 6 and the artificial turf must comply with the
requirements of Table 5 and 6.
150416 LW Rugby Turf Performance Specification.docx
19
World Rugby Regulation 22 Performance Specification – Technical
Table 4 – Field Test Requirements
Characteristic
Test Method
Requirement
Vertical ball rebound
EN 12235
(results expressed as absolute
rebound)
0.60m – 1.00m
Shock Absorption
AAA Version (Appendix 1)
55% - 70%
Vertical Deformation
AAA Version (Appendix 1)
5.5mm – 11mm
Energy Restitution
AAA Version (Appendix 1)
20% – 50%
Rotational Resistance
EN 15301 - 1
30Nm - 45Nm
Surface regularity of playing surface
EN 13036 3m straight-edge
<10mm
Head injury criteria
EN 1177
≥1.4 during Year One*
≥1.3m Thereafter
Slope
Surveyors level
Maximum slope 1.0%
* Year One refers to the date of the field test and not the date of installation
150416 LW Rugby Turf Performance Specification.docx
20
World Rugby Regulation 22 Performance Specification – Technical
Table 5 – Material identification and consistency – First site test
Test method
Permitted variation between manufacture’s
declaration and installed materials
Mass per unit area
ISO 8543
< ± 10%
Tufts per unit area
ISO 1763
< ± 10%
Tuft withdrawal force
ISO 4919
> 90% of manufacturer’s declaration
Pile length above backing
Total pile weight
ISO 2549
ISO 8543
< ± 5%
< ± 10%
Water permeability of turf system
(without infill) 1
EN 12616 using a single ring
infiltrometer in which the artificial turf
carpet is sealed prior to testing using
300mm diameter ring and location
with least porosity holes
>500mm/h and greater than 75% of laboratory result
Pile yarn characterisation
Particle size
Particle shape
Bulk density
Particle size
Particle shape
Bulk density
Shock Absorption
DSC
EN 933 - Part 1
EN 14955
EN 1097-3
EN 933 - Part 1
EN 14955
EN 1097-3
EN 14808 or AAA
Same polymer
< ± 20%
Similar shape
< ± 15%
< ± 20%
Similar shape
< ± 15%
< ± 5% Force Reduction
Thickness
EN 1969
> 90% of manufacturer’s declaration
Component
Characteristic
Artificial turf
Pile yarn(s)
Performance infill
(if supplied as part of system)
Stabilising infill
(if supplied as part of system)
Shock pads / e-layers 2
(if supplied as part of system)
1
2
Outdoor pitches only.
When measured in at least four locations. However it is desirable to have the shock pad tested in places other than the four corners therefore where practicable the
exposed shock pad should be tested in the 29 locations shown in Figure 1.
150416 LW Rugby Turf Performance Specification.docx
21
World Rugby Regulation 22 Performance Specification – Technical
Table 6 – Material identification and consistency – Site retests
Component
Artificial grass1
Characteristic
Requirement
Pile height
(above primary backing)
Number of stitches per
100mm
< ± 5% of the value measured on the site sample tested
during the initial site test
Stitch spacing (mm)
Performance infill2
1
2
Particle grading
The number of tufts per m2 shall not differ by more than
± 10% of the manufacturer’s declaration
The largest sieve retaining at least 10% by mass of the
infill shall be within the range detailed in the
manufacturer’s declaration when compared to the
actual grading curve of the product’s IRB Laboratory
Test Report.
Sampling Procedure
Measurements shall be made in four different areas of the
field not subjected to high areas of wear or usage.
The number of tufts per m2 shall be calculated by
multiplying the number of stitches per 100mm by the stitch
gauge.
A minimum sample of 250g shall be taken from the top
portion of the performance infill (20mm) on each of the six
tests positions detailed in Figure 1.
The infill shall be graded in accordance with EN 933 Part 1
and the largest sieve retaining at least 10% by mass of the
infill determined.
These measurements are made to check the carpet has not been replaced.
This test is carried out to ensure that coarser infill material has not been installed on the field.
150416 LW Rugby Turf Performance Specification.docx
22
8. Field dimensions and markings
The World Rugby Laws of the Game stipulate the maximum dimensions of the field of play in Law 1 – The Ground
(www.worldrugby.org). In cases where there is variation from the World Rugby Laws of the Game and a preferred
size cannot be achieved then it will be the responsibility of the World Rugby Member Union to declare a field of
play suitable for matches in terms of dimensions.
8.1. Field Dimensions
The field of play has a maximum length of 100 metres and a minimum length of 94 metres from try line to try line.
Each in-goal can have a maximum length of 22 metres and a minimum length of 6m and the width of the pitch can
be a maximum of 70 metres and a minimum of 68 metres. These measurements should be taken as follows:
•
•
•
•
70 metres is from the inside of the touch in goal line to the inside of the touch in goal line
100 metres excludes the goal line
The 22m in-goal includes the goal line but excludes the dead ball line
Carpet size and site dimensions
The length and breadth of the playing area are to be as near as possible to the dimensions indicated in Figure 1
in order to comply with World Rugby Laws of the Game Law 1 – The Ground. All areas are rectangular.
8.2. Field Markings
The field shall be field marked in accordance with Law 1 – The Ground as detailed in the World Rugby Laws of
the Game. The line markings and respective competition regulations must be met and checked by the relevant
World Rugby Member Union.
All turf used for line markings and any other inlaid designs included on the field must undergo and comply with the
same identification tests as the turf used for the main field. On retest, the pile height for these areas must match
that of the main field and be checked for fibrillation of fibres. In cases where substantial fibrillation has occurred,
the field will be deemed to have failed and the sections must be replaced prior to the field being considered
compliant. Guidance will be provided to test institutes regarding what constitutes substantial fibrillation on the test
report document. If there is any doubt about whether substantial fibrillation has occurred World Rugby should be
consulted for a decision.
World Rugby Regulation 22 Performance Specification – Technical
9. Maintenance Procedures
Following the maintenance practices as issued by the manufacturer/Preferred Turf Producer/installer forms a
fundamental part of the care of an artificial turf pitch. Procedures and equipment are prescribed by the
manufacturers of the artificial turf system which, if followed, will keep the field of play in good condition. The most
important aspect of these procedures for Rugby is maintaining high performance and ensuring a safe surface for
the players. It is essential that properties such as shock absorption are maintained due to the nature of the game
which involves contact between players and the surface. Maintenance is crucial to player welfare, the quality of
play, longevity of the playing surface and overall aesthetics of the field.
The manufacturer/World Rugby Preferred Turf Producer’s guidance document will contain specific instructions on
how to maintain a pitch and what type of equipment to use. In the context of this document maintenance is
referenced to highlight the impact it can have on the safety and performance of a pitch.
150416 LW Rugby Turf Performance Specification.docx
24
World Rugby Regulation 22 Performance Specification – Technical
APPENDIX 1
AAA Testing
Test Method for the determination of
Force Reduction, Vertical Deformation and Energy Restitution
* The World Rugby One Turf Manual has, with the kind permission of FIFA, been reproduced in part from the
FIFA Turf Manual
150416 LW Rugby Turf Performance Specification.docx
25
World Rugby Regulation 22 Performance Specification – Technical
Foreword
This standard was prepared by FIFA and is used with permission from FIFA.
1. Scope
This standard specifies a method for the determination of force reduction, vertical deformation and energy
restitution characteristics of artificial turf.
2. Normative references
This standard incorporates by dated or undated reference provisions from other publications. These normative
references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated
references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications will apply to this standard only
when incorporated into it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication
referred to applies (including amendments).
•
EN 12229 – Surfaces for sports areas -Procedure for the preparation of artificial turf and textile test
pieces
•
ISO 6487 Road Vehicles – Measurement techniques in impact tests – Instrumentation
•
EN 12504-2 Testing concrete in structures-Part 2: Non-destructive testing – Determination of rebound
number
3. Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following term and definitions apply.
3.1. Start position
The start position is the position of the falling weight including the spring before release where the registered
acceleration (g) is zero.
The registered acceleration after the release is the actual acceleration for the calculation of force reduction, vertical
deformation and energy restitution.
3.2. Force reduction
The ability of a sports surface to reduce the impact force of a body falling onto the surface and which is a physical
quantity consisting of damping and resilience due to a certain impact.
This reduction is expressed as a percentage of the reference impact force of 6760 N. This is the calculated
maximum impact force of a non-shock absorbing surface at the same impact. This parameter is also known as
shock absorption.
3.3 Vertical deformation
Deformation of the surface to an applied load.
3.4 Energy restitution
The energy returned by the surface after an applied load.
4. Principle
A weight, with a spring attached to it, is allowed to fall on the test piece and from the recorded acceleration of the
weight from the moment of release till after the impact the force reduction, vertical deformation and energy
restitution are calculated.
5. Test piece
A piece of surface of minimum size 500 mm by 500 mm, in combination with the supporting layers to be used in
service and using the recommended method of attachment in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
Laboratory test pieces of artificial turf shall be prepared in accordance with EN 12229.
6. Conditioning and Test Temperature
For tests in the laboratory, condition the test piece for a minimum of 24 hours at the test temperature.
If the material is known to be very sensitive to humidity, condition for a minimum of 48 hours at a relative humidity
of 50 ± 10% at the test temperature. Unless otherwise specified the test temperature shall be 23 ± 2ºC.
Tests on site shall be made at the prevailing ambient temperature and humidity, which shall be recorded and
reported.
150416 LW Rugby Turf Performance Specification.docx
26
World Rugby Regulation 22 Performance Specification – Technical
7. Test method – Advanced Artificial Athlete (AAA)
7.1 Apparatus
7.1.1
The principle of the apparatus is shown in Figure 1 and consists of the following essential components specified
in 7.1.2 to 7.1.10.
7.1.2
Falling weight, provided with a spiral metal spring and steel base plate, having a mass of 20 kg ±0.1 kg.
7.1.3
Spiral steel spring, whose characteristic is linear with a spring rate of 2000 ± 100 N/mm over the range 0.1 to 7.5
kN. The spring should have three or more coaxial coils which shall be rigidly fixed together at their ends. This may
be achieved, for instance, by milling the spring from a single piece of steel. The weight of the spring shall be 0.80
± 0.05 kg. The diameter shall be 70 ±1 mm.
7.1.4
Steel base plate having a lower side rounded to a radius of 500 mm ±50 mm; an edge radius of 1 mm, a diameter
70 ± 1 mm and a minimum thickness of 10 mm. The steel base plate weight must be 400g ± 50g.
7.1.5
Adjustable supporting feet, no less than 250 mm, for a point elastic sports surface and no less than 600 mm for
an area elastic sports surface from the point of application of the load depending of the type of sports surface.
The apparatus weight must be evenly distributed on its feet.
Pressure on each foot must be less than 0.020 N/mm².
7.1.6
A piezoresistive acceleration-sensing device with the following characteristics:
•
frequency range: bandwidth until 1000 Hz (-3dB)
•
linearity : 2% operating range
7.1.7
A means of supporting the weight, allowing it to be set to the falling height with an accuracy of ± 0.25 mm.
7.1.8
A means of conditioning and recording the signal from the acceleration sensing device and a means of displaying
the recorded signal.
•
Sampling rate minimum: 9600 Hz
•
Electronic A/D converter must have a minimum resolution of 16 bits
•
Signal from the acceleration-sensing device must be filtered with a 2nd order low-pass
•
Butterworth filter with a cut-off frequency of 600 Hz
7.1.9
A means of calculating the speed and displacement of the falling weight during the course of impact by integration
and double integration of the acceleration signal. To be verified in accordance with 7.2.4 en 7.2.5.
7.1.10
A laboratory test floor in accordance with the normative reference. The laboratory test floor must be a concrete
with a minimum of 10 cm thickness. The surface hardness can be verified according to EN 12504-2 “Testing
concrete in structures – Part 2: Non destructive testing – Determination of rebound number”. Minimum concrete
hardness: 40 Mpa.
7.2
A calibration of the initial impact speed and the displacement of the falling weight at the
moment of impact. The calibration should be carried out to guarantee correct functioning of the apparatus. The
calibration consists of three steps and must be carried out on a concrete floor. Set up the apparatus so that it is
vertically positioned on a concrete floor.
7.2.1
Set the height of the lower face of the steel base plate of the weight so it is 55.00 ± 0.25 mm above the concrete
floor. Allow the weight to fall onto the concrete floor. Record the acceleration of the falling weight till the moment
of impact.
7.2.2
Repeat the procedure of 7.2.1 two times, giving a total of three impacts.
150416 LW Rugby Turf Performance Specification.docx
27
World Rugby Regulation 22 Performance Specification – Technical
7.2.3
For each impact calculate, by integration of the acceleration signal, the initial impact speed.
The average of the three impacts shall be in the range of 1.02 m/s till 1.04 m/s. If the initial speed is outside this
range the results will be considered invalid.
7.2.4
For each impact calculate by double integration of the acceleration signal, the total displacement drop of the falling
weight from the release height till the impact height. On concrete this impact height is 0.1 mm above the height
where the downward velocity is maximal. See figure 3 for an example of a displacement curve. The average of
the three impacts shall be in the range of 55.0 ± 0.5 mm.
7.2.5
After three impacts from which results must be in the range mentioned in 7.2.3 and 7.2.4, place the falling weight
on the concrete floor. Measure the height between a static reference (for example: the magnet) and the weight.
The measured height is used for all measurements and will be named “lift height”. The “lift height” will be slightly
longer than 55.0 mm. The difference between “lift height” and “drop height” is due to the deflection of the apparatus.
It must be quantified and taken into consideration to assure a 55.0 mm ± 0.5 mm drop height.
7.3 Test procedure
7.3.1
Set up the apparatus so it is positioned vertically on the test sample.
7.3.2
Place the underside of the falling weight smoothly onto the surface of the test piece.
Immediately set the “lift height” mentioned in 7.2.5 and re-attach the mass on the magnet.
7.3.3
After 30 (± 5) seconds waiting for the relaxation of the material, drop the mass. After the impact within 30 seconds
adjust the lift height and immediately lift the weight. Then repeat
During the period that the weight is suspended the values of the previous drop can be recorded.
7.3.4
Calculate and denote Fmax:
Fmax = m x Gmax x g + m x g
Fmax is the calculated peak force for the test piece, expressed in Newtons (N);
Gmax is the peak acceleration during the impact, expressed in g’s (1g = 9.81 m/s²)
m
is the falling weight including spring, base plate, acceleration sensing device expressed in kg, 20kg
g
is the acceleration by gravity (=9.81 m/s²
7.3.5
Calculate, by integration of the acceleration signal, the velocity V(t) of the weight during the drop, and determine
the maximum velocity V1 in the downwards direction at t1 and the maximum velocity V2 in the upwards direction
at t2. (See Figure 2 for an example of a speed curve). Denote V1 and V2.
7.3.6
Calculate by integration of V(t) on the interval [t1, t2] the displacement of the weight Dweight (t), starting at the
moment where it has reached its highest velocity (at t1). The vertical deformation is defined as:
VD = max [Dweight (t) - Dspring (t)]max on the interval [t1,t2]
VD
the vertical deformation [mm]
Dweight (t)
travel of weight after moment of impact
Dspring (t)
compression of spring
The compression of the spring can be calculated as follows:
Dspring (t) = Fspring (t) / Cspring = m x G(t) x g / Cspring
Fspring (t)
Force in spring
G(t)
recorded acceleration in g’s
g
gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s²)
Denote VD
7.3.7
Repeat the procedures of 7.3.2 to 7.3.6 twice giving a total of three impacts.
7.3.8
150416 LW Rugby Turf Performance Specification.docx
28
World Rugby Regulation 22 Performance Specification – Technical
If further tests are to be carried out on the same sample, each must be carried out at a new location, no test
position being less than 100 mm from any other or edge of the sample.
7.4 Calculation and expression of the results
7.4.1
Calculate the force reduction (FR) from the expressions:
Fmax (test piece)
FR = (1 –
) x 100(%)
Freference
FR is the force reduction, expressed as a percentage (%)
Fmax (test piece) is the calculated peak force for the test piece, expressed in Newtons(N)
Freference is the reference impact force, 6760 N
7.4.2
Calculate the force reduction (FR), of a single test location as the average of the force reduction results of the
second and third impact and report the result to the nearest whole percentage number, e.g. 57%.
7.4.3
Calculate the vertical deformation (VD), of a single testing spot as the average of the vertical deformation results
of the second and third impact and report the result to the nearest 0.1 mm, e.g 8.1 mm.
7.4.4
Calculate the energy restitution ER (%) defined by:
E2
ER1 = . 100%
E1
E1 is the energy before impact.
E2 is the energy after impact;
E1 = ½m V1²
E2 = ½m (V2)²
V2 is the take-off velocity [m/s]
V1 is the initial impact velocity [m/s]
M
is the mass [kg]
ER =
(V2)²
(V1)²
. 100%
7.4.5
Calculate the energy restitution (ER), of a single testing spot as the average of the energy restitution results of the
second and third impact and report the result to the nearest whole percentage number, e.g. 37%.
8. Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
A. Reference to this test method
B. Complete identification of the surface tested; a statement of the manufacturer’s reference type of
supporting layers and method of attachment; the dimensions of the test piece
C. The ambient temperature and relative humidity
D. The value of the initial impact speed and the displacement of the falling weight
E. The Force Reduction
F. The Energy Restitution
G. The Vertical Deformation
H. The condition of the surface at the time of test, i.e. wet or dry
I. A statement of the uncertainty on the result reported
150416 LW Rugby Turf Performance Specification.docx
29
World Rugby Regulation 22 Performance Specification – Technical
APPENDIX 2
Standard Preparation and Wetting Method in Sample Preparation
Preparation of test specimens
Test specimens shall be prepared strictly in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. If required this may
include consolidation of the infill by means of a conditioning roller (see below) or other means. The same
conditioning procedure shall be used on all test specimens being prepared for sports performance and simulated
use tests.
All test specimens (other than those being prepared for simulated use, tests at sub-ambient and elevated
temperatures and artificial weathering) shall then be conditioned prior to test by passing a hand-pulled roller over
the test specimen for a minimum of 50 cycles and a maximum of 250 cycles (one cycle comprises one outward
and one return path by a single roller, where double rollers, etc are used the number of cycles shall be adjusted
pro-rota). The barrels of the roller shall weigh 30 ±0.5 kg, be 118 ±5 mm in diameter and have plastic studs (see
Section 7) mounted as shown in Figure 1.
300 + 10 mm
380 + 10 mm
Figure 1 – stud pattern on conditioning roller and Lisport Wear Machine
150416 LW Rugby Turf Performance Specification.docx
30
World Rugby Regulation 22 Performance Specification – Technical
Test conditions
Laboratory tests
Laboratory tests shall be made at an ambient laboratory temperature of 23 ± 2º C.
Test specimens shall be conditioned for a minimum of 3 hours at the laboratory temperature prior to test.
Laboratory tests shall be made on dry and wet test specimens as specified in the appropriate test procedure.
Preparation of wet test specimens
Wet specimens shall be prepared by evenly applying to the test piece a volume of water that thoroughly soaks the
specimen (if in doubt this is should be equal to the volume of the test specimen). Following wetting the test
specimen shall be allowed to drain for 15 minutes and the test carried out immediately thereafter.
150416 LW Rugby Turf Performance Specification.docx
31