Supporting the mission of ICRISAT using
Geospatial tools
Identifying the opportunities for intensifying drylands
Murali Krishna Gumma
RS-GIS laboratory
Resilient Dryland Systems
ICRISAT, Patancheru
KSI, May 08th , 2015
RS/GIS team
South Asia
ESA
Anthony Whitbread
Murali K Gumma
Irshad Ahmed
Deepika Uppala
Ismail Rafi
Andre Van Rooen PCS Traore & Team
Albert Chirima
Gizachew Legasse
WCA
Outline
1. How Geospatial data can contribute to
agricultural research?
2. Crop type / crop intensity mapping / changes
3. Contributions to CRPs
Geospatial products for the SAT
Land use
changes
Crop LGP
Crop type /
intensity maps
Research groups
Tracking adoption of
NRM Technologies
• Breeders
• System modelers
• Social scientists
• Hydrologists
• Planning departments
Impact assessment
Simulated yield
estimations and impact
Abiotic stresses
Spatial modeling
(Prioritization)
Remote sensing imagery: Global to local at resolution
Satellite
Spatial resolution (m) Spectral bands
Pixels/ha
$/Sq.km
AVHRR
1000
4
0.01
Free
MODIS
500/250
36 (7)
0.04
Free
Landsat ETM+
30
7
11.1
Free
Landsat 8*
30
11
11.1
Free
NAIP-AP
AWiFS
IRS Liss3
ASTER
IRS Liss4
RapidEye
IKNONOS
Cartosat1
GeoEye1
SPOT
1
56.5
23.5
15
5.6
5
4
2.5
2
10
1
4
4
4
3
5
3
PAN
4
4
10000
207
18.1
44.4
400
400
625
1600
2500
100
Free
0.01
0.15
0.04
1.19
1.23
5.02
6.59
12.05
1.01
…..so we now get very high quality data (e.g., Landsat 8 for free!!!).
* Landsat 8 effective from March 2013 (up to date free satellite images)
Field to global scale mapping
WS level @ 1m
River basin – Krishna @ 30m
Country – Ghana @ 30m
30 m
Legend
level3_50cls-to-14cls_atankwidi.img
Class_Names
Barrenlands lands
Barrenlands mix with Rangleands
Irrigated-Shallow Groundwater-Vegetables
Rainfed-LS-mixed crops
Rainfed-MS-mixed crops
Rangelands mix with fallows, Short shrubs
Rangelands-Rainfed fallows
Rangelnads Mix with Barren ladns
Riverbed and bare soils
Savannah, Forest (Trees)
Savannah, Trees, Short shrubs
Settlements
Short shrubs, trees
Water bodies
Regional – Africa @250m
60°0'0"E
Global scale @ 10km
Continental wise – Asia @ 500m
90°0'0"E
120°0'0"E
150°0'0"E
Soviet Union
Mongolia
Korea D P Rp
China
Korea Rep
Japan
30°0'0"N
30°0'0"N
Afghanistan
Iran
Pakistan
Nepal
Untd Arab Em
India
Bhutan
Bangladesh
Taiwan
Burma
Oman
Laos
Philippines
Thailand
Cambodia
Vietnam
Asia rice map (2010)
01. Rainfed - rice
02. Irrigated - surface water-rice
03. Irrigated - groundwater - rice
04. Irrigated - conjunctive use - rice
60°0'0"E
90°0'0"E
Brunei
Malaysia
0°0'0"
0°0'0"
Sri Lanka
Indonesia
Papua N Guin
Australia
120°0'0"E
150°0'0"E
http://www.croplands.org/
Methods and
approaches
for mapping
cropland extent
Temporal satellite images(MODIS 250m)
Rescaled NDVI
0
1
Jan 2014
Feb 2014
Mar 2014
Apr 2014
May 2014
Jun 2014
Jul 2014
Aug 2014
Nov 2014
Oct 2014
Sep 2014
Feb 2011_MVC
Mar 2011_MVC
Apr 2011_MVC
Dec 2014
May 2011_MVC
Ground data collection
Ideal Spectral signatures
Band1
Band2
Band3
Band4
Band5
Band6
Band7
Band8
Band9
Band10
Band11
Band12
Band13
Band14
Band15
Band16
Band17
17-Jan-14
18-Feb-14
18-Mar-14
18-Apr-14
18-May-14
18-Jun-14
18-Jul-14
18-Aug-14
18-Sep-14
18-Oct-14
18-Nov-14
18-Dec-14
2-Jan-15
18-Jan-15
2-Feb-15
18-Feb-15
5-Mar-15
Mapping crop land areas in Africa(2014)
Major crops (2014)
01. Rainfed-sc-sorghum
02. Rainfed-sc-millets/sorghum
03. Rainfed-sc-groundnut
04. Rainfed-sc-pigeonpea
05. Rainfed-SC-maize/sorghum/millet
06. Other crops
Mapping crop land areas in Ethiopia (2014)
Land use / land cover
01.Rainfed-DC Maize/mixed crops
02.Rainfed-SC Maize/sorghum
03.Rainfed-SC tef, sorghum, Maize
04.Rainfee-SC-tef/wheat,barly
05.Rainfed mixed Crops (vegetables etc)
06.Irrigated-SC-sugarcane-VLS
07.Irrigated_mixedcrops
08.Rainfed_Rice
09.Rangeland/fallow
10.Range lands/Shrublands
11.Shrublands/Wasteland tress
12.Barenlands/Sanddunes
13.Forest
14.Waterbodies
15.Builtup
Area (ha)
6372292
1815141
2001659
2479437
3245085
742929
3885358
425107
8707126
31388136
33157504
13747506
4671170
697645
40946
11,33,77,041
Level5_mod250_2014_lulc_15cls.img
01.Rainfed-DC Maize/mixed crops
02.Rainfed-SC Maize/sorghum
03.Rainfed-SC tef, sorghum, Maize
04.Rainfee-SC-tef/wheat,barly
05.Rainfed mixed Crops
06.Irrigated-SC-sugarcane-VLS
07.Irrigated_mixedcrops
08.Rainfed_Rice
09.Rangeland/fallow
10.Range lands/Shrublands
11.Shrublands/Wasteland tress
12.Barenlands/Sanddunes
13.Forest
Gumma et al., (Preparation)
14.Waterbodies
15.Builtup
LULC Mapping in Ethiopia (Amhara region)
West site
East site
Gonji qolella
Mapping crop land areas in Malawi (2014)
(Gumma et al., Prep)
Mapping crop land areas in Tanzania
Mapping crop land areas in Mali (2014)
Land Use Land Cover changes in Kani Village of Mali
(1991, 2002 and 2013)
SC = Single crop
Birhanu & Gumma., 2015
Mapping of Crop Land During 2014
Mapping of Crop Land During 2014
Methods and approaches
Spatial
analysis for
Prioritization
Gumma et al., 2015
Prioritization of watersheds: Semi-arid tropcs
1st Priority
!
Gumma et al., 2014
Kechema
!
Adulala
Methods and approaches for delineating groundwater
potential zones
Gumma et al., 2013
Inland valley area and % area cultivated in Ghana
1. IV wetland area: 11.4 %
(2,714,946 hectares) of the
total geographic area of
Ghana which is 23,853,300
hectares.
Color key
2. IV wetland cultivation:
< 5% (130,000 ha) of IV
wetlands are currently
cultivated.
Colors indicate
characteristically
similar inland valley
wetlands in
biophysical terms.
Gumma et al., 2009
Croplands of
South Asia
2014-2015
Total land area
= 446 Mha
Total cropland area = 205 Mha
Land use / land cover (area in 000'ha): 2014-15
01. Irrigated-TC-Rice-Rice-Fallows/Mixedcrops (4477)
19. Rainfed-DC-Rice-Fallows (2176)
02. Irrigated-TC-Rice-Wheat-Pulses (219)
20. Rainfed-DC-Maize-Pigeonpea (102)
03. Irrigated-TC-Rice/Mixedcrops-Rice-Rice/Mixedcrops (3046)
04. Irrigated-DC-Rice-Rice (6975)
21. Rainfed-Rice/Maize/Mixedcrops (5107)
22. Rainfed-SC-Cotton/Pigeonpea/Chilli/Mixedcrops (21511)
05. Irrigated-DC-Rice-Wheat/Chickpea (21358)
23. Rainfed-SC-Wheat/Mustard/Chickpea (1142)
06. Irrigated-DC-Rice-Maize/Beans/Pulses (8293)
07. Irrigated-DC-Rice/Sorghum-Pulses/Chickpea (2238)
24. Rainfed-SC-Maize/Beans/Mixedcrops (5050)
25. Rainfed-SC-Millet/Beans/Sorghum/Fallow (32793)
08. Irrigated-DC-Rice/Maize/Beans-Mixedcrops (3697)
09. Irrigated-DC-Cotton/Pigeonpea-Mixedcrops (2686)
26. Rainfed-SC-Sorghum/Millet/Maize/Rice (4885)
27. Rainfed-SC-Pulses/Fallows (16516)
10. Irrigated-DC-Beans-Mustard (1427)
28. Rainfed-SC-Mustard/Maize/Chickpea-mix (500)
11. Rainfed-Supplemental-DC-Maize-Wheat/Chickpea (11554)
12. Irrigated-Conjunctive-DC-Millet/Sorghum/Beans-Wheat/Chickpea (17212)
29. Rainfed-SC-Mixedcrops (4709)
30. Irrigated-SC-Sugarcane/Banana (4141)
13. Rainfed-Supplemental-DC-Pigeonpea-Chickpea/Mixedcrops (141)
31. Rangelands/Shrublands/Rainfed-Fallows (19328)
14. Rainfed-Supplemental-DC-Pulses-Wheat/Chickpea/Mixedcrops (4812)
15. Irrigated-DC-Sorghum/Maize/Beans/Gnut-Wheat/Chickpea (22699)
32. Barrenlands/Shrublands/Wastelands (104544)
33. Forest (89149)
16. Irrigated-DC-vegetables/rice- fallow (225)
34. Waterbodies (1818)
17. Irrigated-DC-Mixedcrops-Chickpea (9898)
18. Irrigated-DC-Mixedcrops/Sugarcane (8221)
35. Built-up (3336)
ICRISAT Mandate crops in South Asia
Groundnut (774300 hectares)
Class_Name
Millet (5348103 hectares)
ICRISAT Crops (2013-14)
Sorghum
Millets
Groundnut
Kharif + Rabi sorghum
( 4322140 hectares)
Pigeonpea
Chickpea
Groundnut (1.67 Mha)
Chickpea crop extent: India
Land use / land cover (2014-15)
Rainfed - supplemental - chickpea
Irrigated - croplands
Rainfed - croplands
Water bodies
Urban areas
Other LULC
Rice – fallows (rabi fallows) in India (2014-15)
Country
Pakistan
Nepal
Bhutan
Bangladesh
Sri Lanka
India
Net rice area
(000'ha)
2,173
1,665
28
8,306
744
43,439
Rainfed- rice- Irrigatedfallows
rice-fallows
(000'ha)
(000'ha)
23
2
13
102
0
2
83
2,275
2
2
4,941
3,258
level6_2014-15_rice-fallow-12cls.img
01. Rainfed-SC-rice-fallows
02. Rainfed-supplemental-rice-fallows
03. Irrigated-SW-SC-rice-fallows
04. Rainfed-SC-rice/mixedcrops-fallow
05. Rainfed-DC-rice-pupses
06. Irrigated-DC-rice-pulses
07. Irrigated-DC-rice-rice
08. Irrigated-DC-rice-wheat/maize
09. Irrigated-TC-rice-rice-mixed crops
10. Irrigated-SC-banana/rice/sugarcane
11. Rainfed-Lowlands-rice
12. Rainfed-SC-mixedcrops-fallows
13. Other LULC
14. Water bodies
15. Urban areas
Identifying rice-fallows
Nomalized difference vegetation index
0.9
Fallow window
Monsoon rice
Summer rice
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
LSWI
0.1
0
Dec-11
Feb-12
Apr-12
May-12
Jul-12
Month
Aug-12
NDVI
Oct-12
Dec-12
Crop intensity
Crop intensity
Single crop
Double crop
Triple crop
Kharif: Length of growing periods (LGP)
LGP (Kharif)
01. Jun-Oct
02. Jun-Nov
03. Jul-Sep
04. Jul-Oct
05. Jul-Nov
06. Jul-Dec
07. Aug-dec
Rabi: Length of growing periods (LGP)
LGP (Rabi)
01. Oct-Feb
02. Oct-Jan
03. Nov-Apr
04. Nov-Feb
05. Dec-Mar
06. Dec-Apr
07. Jan-Mar
08. Feb-Apr
Summer: Length of growing periods (LGP)
LGP (Summer)
01. Feb-Apr
02. Feb-May
03. Mar-Jun
Planting dates
NDVI & LSWI
1
NDVI
LSWI
0.8
Harvesting
Planting
0.6
0.4
Planting dates
01. Jun, 1st to 30th
0.2
02. Jul, 1st to 15th
0
May-13
Aug-13
Nov-13
Date
03. Jul, 16th to 30th
Mar-14
Jun-14
04. Aug, 1st to 15th
05. Aug, 16th to 30th
06. Sept, 1st to 15th
07. Sept, 16th to 30th
Temporal changes due to various stresses in
agriculture areas
Abiotic stresses
Flood damage
Mild drought
Moderate drought
Severe drought
Abiotic stresses: 2002
a) Abiotic stresses
Abiotic stresses
Flood damage
Mild drought
Moderate drought
Gumma et al., 2014
Severe drought
Mapping crop land areas in Myanmar (2013 -14)
Pulses
Net rice area
6,660,577
Gross rice area
8,474,177
Pulses area
3,651,316
Land use /Land
land
usecover
/ land cover
Area (ha)
01. Rainfed
- lowlands-flood-rice-LS
01. Rainfed-lowlands-flood-rice-LS
407230
02. Rainfed
- SC-rice-fallow-LS
02. Rainfed-SC-rice-fallow-LS
788431
03. Rainfed
- DC-rice-pulses-LS
03. Rainfed-DC-rice-pulses-LS
3233464
04. Rainfed
/ irrigated-SW-DC-rice-rice-LS
1813600
04. Rainfed/irrigated-SW-DC-rice-rice-LS
05. Irrigated
- SW-DC-rice-pulses/mixed crops
05. Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-pulses/mixed
417852
crops
06. Rainfed-SC-mixed
crops-LS(30%
shrubs)
06. Rainfed
– SC - mixed crops-LS(30%
shrubs)
5547140
07. Rainfed-GW-SC-mixedcrops
07. Rainfed-GW-SC-mixed
crops
777788
08. Shrub
mixmixed
withcrops
rainfed
08. Shrub
lands mixlands
with rainfed
mixedcrops
3400884
099. 09.
WaterWater
bodies
bodies
10. Built-up
10. Built-up
lands
574173
lands
96840
11. Evergreen
forests/shrub
lands/other 50222483
land co
11. Evergreen
forests/shrub
lands/other land cover
Potential areas for grain legumes: Myanmar
Regions / Province
Ayeyarwady
Bago East
Bago West
Chin
Kachin
Kayah
Kayin
Magway
Mandalay
Mon
Rakhine
Sagaing
Shan (East)
Shan (North)
Shan (South)
Tanintharyi
Yangon
Rice-fallows
(ha)
33900
13204
36078
1017
10618
4560
5026
70722
91006
4683
25353
281352
3131
14697
43250
2756
25877
Expansion of Chickpea in AP
Year 2000-01
Year 2012-13
Land use / land cover
Groundnut / sorghum / fallows
Maize / mixed crops
Cotton-chilli
Orchards / mixed crops
Rice-mixed crops
Other LULC
Chickpea
Expansion of Chickpea
168,362 ha
389,361 ha
Area (ha)
MODIS-2000 MODIS-2005 Modis-2012
Anantapur
34777
51304
84493
Cuddapah
30343
69258
117903
Kurnool
68113 140511
196793
Prakasam
35129 128288
159524
168362
389361
558713
Districts
558,713 ha
Gumma et al., (review)
Contribution to CRP: Dryland systems
Land use / land cover changes at the action sites
Contribution to CRP: Dryland systems
Land use / land cover at the action sites
Contribution to CRP: Dryland systems
Biomass estimation (Bijapur sites)
Crop Wet Biomass
(Mannur and Balaganur)
Crop Wet Biomass
(Nandihal )
No data
No data
1,001 - 2,000
1 - 750
2,001 - 3,000
751 - 1,500
3,001 - 4,000
1,501 - 2,000
> 4,000
2,001 - 2,805
Contribution to CRP: Water, land and ecosystems
Land use / land cover maps for the action sites
Net rice area: 1.1 mha
Rice growing areas (2012-13)
01. Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-rice-TP
02. Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-rice (50%)-TP
03. Irrigated-SW-SC-rice-DS
04. Irrigated-SW-SC-rice-TP
05. Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-moxedcrops/fallow-DS
06. Irrigated-SW-DC-rice-rice-DS
07. Rainfed-supplemental-SC-rice/mixedcrops-TP
08. Irrigated-SC-rice with mixedcrops-TP
09. Rainfed-SC-rice with mixedcrops-TP/DS
10. Plantaions/orchards
11. Water bodies
Direct Seeded
Rice (30-35
days crop)
12. Urban areas
Other land use / land cover
Districts
SIRVAR
KALLUR
KAVITAL
MANVI
Transplanted
Rice (25-30
days crop)
Gumma et al., (review)
Contribution to CRP: CCAFS
Mapping crop land areas in Laos (2014)
Land use / land cover (2014)
01. Rainfed-SC-rice
02. Rainfed-SC-mixed crops, rice / shrubs mix
03. Rainfed-supplemental-DC-rice-pulses
04. Rainfed-SC-mixed crops/shrubs mix
05. Rangelands / fallows
06. Shrub lands / Rainfed-SC-mixed crops
07. Shrub lands/forest
08. Forests
09. Waterbodies / wetlands
10. Built-up lands
Note: SC = Single crop; DC= Double crop
Conclusions
• Mapped agriculture areas for Asia and Africa
• Conducted intensive ground data for priority
countries
• Tested methods at country level
• Support to multidisciplinary teams
Next steps
1. Map cropland areas for Africa
2. Develop automated techniques using open
source software
3. Dissemination of geospatial outputs across
institute
4. Conducting capacity building courses at institute
wide
5. Collaborations with other CG centres and other
research organizations
Thank you