1. No category

2015
LIBRARY
STYLE GUIDE
Style Guide for the Presentation
of Assignments & Academic Works
acpe.edu.au
19545A.04.15
0
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. The Presentation of Academic Works
2
The Format of Assessments
2
Academic Style Guidelines
3
Glossary of Instruction Words in Assessment Task Descriptions
4
Genres of Writing
6
Academic Support & Resources
7
2. Use & Acknowledgement of Sources
8
Referencing in Brief
9
Books
10
eBooks
13
Periodicals
14
Documents
16
Web Resources
17
Audio Visual
18
Miscellaneous
20
Figures & Tables
22
Appendix
28
1
STYLE GUIDE FOR THE PRESENTATION OF ASSESSMENTS & ACADEMIC WORKS
This style guide is intended for use in the preparation of all written assessment tasks for courses at
the Australian College of Physical Education (ACPE). Presentation is an important aspect of the
assessment process and should be mastered by all students as soon as possible. Professional
presentation gives credibility to the work and creates a positive impression on the reader.
The following guidelines should be followed in all academic works unless otherwise directed by your
lecturers. To acknowledge various sources used in academic works, the College has adopted the
American Psychological Association (APA) style of referencing.
It is in your best interest to keep a copy of all submitted work. It is also recommended that you take
note of any comments/feedback that assessors provide and apply these to subsequent assessments.
1. THE PRESENTATION OF ACADEMIC WORKS
Format of assessments
Note: Lecturers may have specific requirements for the format and presentation of an assessment (consult the unit
outline).
Font and size
Size 12 font.
Calibri, Arial or Times New Roman font.
Margins and
spacing
Have a 2 cm (minimum) margin all around.
Indenting
For direct quotes over 40 words.
Printing and
collation
Electronic submission of assessments via Turnitin is preferred. Please
check with your lecturer.
1.5 cm (minimum) line spacing.
For paper submissions;
Print on both sides of the paper.
Print on white paper.
Staple at the top-left corner; no paper clips.
Submit with the official ACPE cover sheet attached to the front
(not in plastic pouches)
Word count
The title page, references, appendices, etc. do not count toward word
count requirements.
Illustrations
Charts, graphs, illustrations, etc. should not flow over multiple pages as
they become difficult to view.
Charts, graphs and illustrations need to be referred to in text.
If several illustrations are incorporated in your paper, it is preferred that
you include a ‘List of Illustrations’, with the page numbers, on a separate
page that follows the Table of Contents.
2
Academic Style Guidelines
Note: Lecturers may have specific requirements for an assessment based on the purpose for writing (Please consult
the unit outline).
Formality and
expression
Structure
Tense
Numbers
Acronyms
Edited and
proofread
Referencing
Foreign
language
Names of
song /
movies/
performance
Formal vocabulary and expression.
Objective and cautious language.
No short-forms, short-hand or slang.
The third person (impersonal) unless it is a personal reflection.
Planned and logically organised.
Written in cohesive paragraphs.
Genre specific guidelines (eg. essay, report) See 1.3.
Use the appropriate tense for the text type. See 1.4 Genres of Writing
One to nine should be spelt out in full. Use figures for number 10 and
above.
Example: … eight, nine, 10, 11, 12 …
Spell out simple fractions and hyphenate.
Example: one-quarter
Never commence a sentence with a figure. Spell out the number in full.
Never use a figure in a heading. Spell out the number in full.
To use an acronym, first write the name being referred to, followed by
the acronym in brackets.
Example: The Australian College of Physical Education (ACPE)
The acronym can then be used on its own throughout the rest of the
work.
Free of grammatical, spelling and punctuation errors.
Do not use Americanisms.
Example: recognise NOT recognize
Include in-text references which are cited in accordance with the
American Psychological Association APA 6th Edition style guidelines as
outlined in the ACPE Style Guide.
Include a reference list at the end of the assignment in APA 6 format.
All words in a foreign language used in-text are to be in italics
Scientific name of botanical and zoological genus and species should be
italicised.
All names of songs, movies and performances used in-text are to be in
italics.
3
Glossary of Instruction Words in Assessment Task Descriptions
Verb
Definition
Account,
State reasons for; report on. Give an account of; narrate a series of
events or transactions.
Account for
Analyse
Identify components and the relationships between them; draw out and
relate implications.
Apply
Use in a particular situation.
Appreciate
Make a value judgement.
Assess
Make a judgement of value, quality, outcomes, results or size.
Calculate
Determine from given facts, figures or information.
Clarify
Make clear or understandable.
Classify
Arrange or include in classes or categories.
Compare
Construct
Contrast
Critically
Show how things are similar or different.
Emphasise similarities but also note differences.
Make; build; put together items or arguments.
Show how things are different or opposite.
Emphasise differences between characteristics but also note similarities.
Add a degree or level of accuracy, depth, knowledge and understanding,
logic, questioning, reflection and quality to an analysis or evaluation.
(Analyse/Evaluate)
Criticise
Express your judgement about the truth or usefulness of views or
factors.
Deduce
Draw conclusions.
Define
Demonstrate
Describe
Discuss
Distinguish
State meaning and identify essential qualities.
Give clear, concise, reliable meaning.
Show by example.
Provide characteristics and features.
Recount; relate in a sequence; illustrate.
Identify issues and provide points for and/or against.
Consider various points of view or perspectives.
Show/point out as being distinct or different from; note differences
between items.
4
Evaluate
Make a judgement based on criteria; determine the value of.
Give your viewpoint; cite limitations and advantages; provide reliable
evidence to support your views.
Examine
Explore; question; investigate
Explain
Relate cause and effect; make the relationships between things evident;
provide why and/or how; give reasons for differences of opinion or of
results; clarify; interpret
Extract
Choose relevant details
Extrapolate
Draw conclusions from what is known
Identify
Recognise and name
Illustrate
Use a diagram or example to clarify a point
Interpret
Draw conclusions
Translate; give examples or comment on the topic; usually give your
viewpoints
Investigate
Question and draw conclusions about
Justify
Support an argument or conclusion
Outline
Outline in general terms; indicate the main features
Give a description of the main elements and stress the arrangement or
organisation
Predict
Suggest what may happen based on available information; use reliable
evidence to support your prediction
Propose
Present a point of view, idea, argument or suggestion for consideration
or action
Recall
Present remembered ideas, facts or experiences
Recommend
Provide reasons in favour
Recount
Re-tell a series of events
Review
Examine a subject critically; analyse a subject or comment on statements
about it
State
Present main points in brief, clear sequence, usually omitting minor
details and examples.
Summarise
Communicate, concisely, the relevant details, omitting details and
illustrations
Synthesise
Putting together various elements to make a whole; create links and
connections between ideas
Adapted from: Board of Studies NSW. (2012). A glossary of key words. Retrieved from
http://www.boardofstudies.nsw.edu.au/syllabus_hsc/glossary_keywords.html
5
Genres of Writing
Details may vary for each assessment. See your lecturer and unit outline for clarification.
Basic Structures
Essay
Used for
Exploration of an issue.
Compare and contrast essay
Persuasive Essay
Exam essays
Report
Written account of an investigation.
Lab Report
Business Report
Reflective writing
Written account of what you have learnt from a
particular practical experience.
Summary
A summary restates the essential contents of a text. A
summary includes the author’s thesis/overriding idea of
the text, an overview of the content and any
conclusions made by the author.
A review of the most relevant, recent and scholarly
work and literature on a particular subject / topic area.
Literature Review
Case study
A detailed study of a problem from many different
viewpoints.
Research Proposal
A paper which focuses and defines research plans.
Research Project
A text that poses a question, evaluates the literature in
terms of the question and describes and discusses an
experiment used to answer the question.
6
Academic Support & Resources
There are a number of different resources available to assist with writing academic works. Besides
seeking help from your lecturer or unit coordinator, you can consult staff from the Library or the
Academic Development Office (ADO).
The ADO provides a range of services to support student learning. The ADO Study Smart page has
numerous resources and links to online resources and information to help you enhance your
academic skills and prepare you for the future. This can be accessed at
http://studysmart.acpe.edu.au/course/view.php?id=334
There are a variety books in the ‘400’ and ‘800’ sections of the library, as well as links to online
information via the Information Literacy Skills Training page on the library’s
website. Topics
include navigating the Library Website, Library Basics, Introduction to Research, Evaluation of
Resources and Referencing. This can be accessed at http://library.acpe.edu.au/information-literacyskills-training.html. The library also has a number of Subject Guides with information relevant to
specific courses. See the Library’s Subject Guide page at http://library.acpe.edu.au/subjectguides.html.
7
2.
USE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF SOURCES
As the writer of an academic work, you will need to consult a number of different sources, including
books, articles, reports and electronic resources, to support your own thoughts and ideas. Using a
number of sources that discuss different perspectives and ideas about a topic will allow you to write
a well-formed paper.
Plagiarism
It is imperative that you acknowledge sources within your academic work. By not acknowledging the
author of the source, it appears that you are attempting to present it as your own. This is known as
‘plagiarism’.
The ACPE Policy on Academic Honesty (2014, p.2) defines plagiarism as, “presenting another
person’s ideas, findings or work as one’s own.” Submission of plagiarised work is taken very seriously
by the College and will result in penalties that may lead to expulsion from ACPE.
APA Style
The College has adopted the American Psychological Association (APA) style of referencing sources.
The APA system uses the author-date system, for example (Smith, 2012), to make a brief reference
to the sources in the text. The full details of the sources are then written at the end of the academic
work in the Reference List. No footnotes are used.
In-Text Referencing
The writer can incorporate an author’s findings, ideas, and work within their text by using:
Paraphrasing: an author’s work is expressed in the writer’s own words.
a. To paraphrase means to rewrite the original text (or part of) in your own words, without
changing the intended meaning. Simply substituting synonyms for some of the words is not
enough as you need to indicate to your lecturer that you understand what the author is
saying. Many lecturers prefer you to paraphrase rather than use direct quotations.
Tip: A good way of managing this is to read a paragraph and without referring back to the
book, write down your understanding of what the paragraph means.
Direct quotations: an author’s work directly quoted word for word and can be used:
a. When the author expresses an idea better than you could.
b. When you want to stress the authority of the author.
c. As an ‘epigraph’. This is a direct quote found at the beginning of a book or chapter. While it
relates to the theme of the material that follows, it is not incorporated within the main text.
Reference List
All references cited within the text are listed more fully in the Reference List at the end of the paper.
Only references cited within the text are included in the Reference List.
For a copy of the ACPE Style Guide go to http://library.acpe.edu.au/referencing-style-guide.html
8
REFERENCING IN BRIEF
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
When a work has two authors cite both names every time the reference occurs.
When a work has three, four or five authors cite all authors the first time. In subsequent citations use first author followed by et al. and
the year.
When a work has six or more authors, cite only the first author followed by et al. and the year for all citations.
Paraphrase
Include the author’s name either within the sentence or at the end of the sentence in brackets with the year.
Do not include page numbers when paraphrasing.
Direct Quotes
Always check with your lecturer to confirm that direct quotes are acceptable.
For up to 40 words use quotation marks. For over 40 words indent quotation without quotation marks.
Direct quotations must be written exactly as they appear in the original work. Use three dots single spaced to indicate if you have left
out any words.
If you add any word into a quote place within square brackets.
Cite author, date and page number. Use p. when the quotation is from one page. Use pp. when the quotation runs on to the next page.
When a quote is within a quote, use single quotation marks for the second quoted material.
THE REFERENCE LIST
The Reference List comes at the end of your assessment. It includes all the references you have cited in the assessment. Only include
references that are actually cited in your assessment, not those used just for background reading.
Each reference is listed alphabetically according to the author’s surname or by title if no author is listed.
Where a work has more than one author, list the names in the order as they appear.
For works with up to seven authors list all authors. Where a work has eight or more authors the first six are listed followed by an ellipsis
(…) and then the last author’s name.
The second and subsequent lines of a citation are indented. Use single spacing within a citation and double spacing between citations.
Do not use numbering or bullet points.
For electronic resources, use a DOI where available in place of the publishing details. Include retrieval date where the document may
change over time or where there is no publication date.
9
BOOKS
REFERENCE BASICS
Author, A. A. (date). Title. Place, State: Publisher.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (date). Title. Place, State: Publisher.
BOOKS
REFERENCE LIST
One author
Robinson, M. J. (2010). Sport club management. Champagne,
IL: Human Kinetics.
Last name, A. B. (year). Book title italics: Only the first word and
first word after a colon are capitalised with the exception
that all proper names are always capitalised. City of
publication, State: Publisher.
eBook: Follow the rules for corresponding print book example
including retrieval details.
Long, J., & Spracklen, K. (Eds.). (2010). Sport and challenges to
racism. Houndmills, England: Palgrave Macmillan.
Retrieved from
http://ACPE.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=66567
2
Other than the first
edition
IN-TEXT CITATION
Paraphrase
Robinson (2010) suggests that sport clubs are
affected by a range of internal and external
factors.
Direct quote
According to Robinson (2010,) “sport clubs do not
operate in vacuums” (p. 37), they…..
“Sport clubs do not operate in vacuums”
(Robinson, 2010, p. 37)…..
Use quotation marks for direct quotes under 40
words. Use page number.
Quotes of 40 words or more should be indented
and blocked 1 cm. Quotation marks are not used.
th
Martens, R. (2012). Successful coaching (4 ed.). Champaign, IL: Paraphrase
Human Kinetics.
Self awareness is an important attribute for a
coach (Martens, 2012).
Direct quote
“As a coach, you must know who you are before
Last name, A. B. (year). Book title as above (Edition in
you can help your athletes know who they are”
parenthesis, e.g. 2nd ed.). City of publication, State: Publisher.
(Martens, 2012, p. 7)……
10
BOOKS
Two authors
Three or more
authors
REFERENCE LIST
IN-TEXT CITATION
Brissenden, A., & Glennon, K. (2010). Australia dances: Creating Direct quote
Australian dance 1945-1965. Kent Town, SA: Wakefield
“Ballet Australia was formed in Sydney in 1960”
Press.
(Brissenden & Glennon, 2010, p. 94) and……
Cite authors in same order as on the work.
Shilbury, D., Westerbeek, H., Quick, S., Funk, D., & Karg, A.
(2014). Strategic sport marketing (4thed.). Sydney, NSW:
Allen & Unwin.
When a work has up to seven authors, cite all authors. When a
work has eight authors or more, provide the names of the first
six authors then insert three ellipsis points and the last author’s
name.
McMillan, S.S., Pharm, B., Wheeler, S. J., Sav, A., King, M. A.,
Whitty, J. A. ... Kelly, F. (2013). Community pharmacy in
Australia: A health hub destination of the future.
Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy. 4(6).
863-875.
Book (No Author)
Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary (11th ed.). (2005).
Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.
When a work has no author, the title of the work becomes the
main entry and is italicised. Alphabetise by the first significant
word in the title. Only use Anonymous as author when the
author is specifically designated as “Anonymous”.
When a work has two authors always cite both
authors.
First citation
Shilbury, Westerbeek, Quick, Funk and Karg (2014)
indicate that…..
Subsequent citations
Shilbury et al. (2014)
When a work has three, four or five authors, cite all
authors the first time the reference occurs. In
subsequent citations, include only the surname of the
first author followed by et al. (not italicised and with a
full stop after “al”).
For works with six or more authors cite only surname
of the first author followed by et al. (not italicised and
with a full stop after “al”). McMillan et al. ……..
Within the text, join names by use of the word ‘and’,
within parentheses use &.
Use surname only unless multiple authors have same
surname, then use initials.
Paraphrase
……(“Merriam-Webster’s”, 2005)
When citing a source with no author, use a shortened
form of the title within quotation marks.
11
BOOKS
Edited Book
REFERENCE LIST
Rosner, S. R., & Shropshire, K. L. (Eds.). (2011). The business of
sports (2nd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
With an edited work, the editors are treated as authors
followed by (Eds.). before the date in parenthesis.
Chapter in an edited
book
Lowe, I. (2011). Environment, sustainability and health. In H.
Keleher & C. MacDougall (Eds.), Understanding health
(3rd ed.) (pp. 171-181). Melbourne, VIC: Oxford
University Press.
IN-TEXT CITATION
Paraphrase
According to Rosner and Shropshire (2011), revenue is
influenced by the market in which a team plays.
Quotes or paraphrases from individual chapter authors
need to be attributed to the chapter author as below.
Paraphrase
Inequality within communities has a detrimental effect
on the health of its people (Lowe, 2011).
Direct quote
Chapter author/s. (year). Chapter title is not in italics and is not “Many of our communities do not appear to be
underlined: Only the first word of the title and subtitle (if any) socially sustainable” (Lowe, 2011, p. 174)……..
are capitalised. Note that the initials of the editors come
before the surnames and are followed by (Eds.), Title of book in
italics. Note that the page numbers for the chapter are within
Cite the author/s of the chapter.
parenthesis and preceded by “pp.”
If the chapter author is the same as the book author, do not
repeat the author.
12
EBOOKS
REFERENCE BASICS
For eBooks use the same principles as print books with URL replacing publisher details.
Author, A.A. (date). Title. Retrieved from URL
For items with a Digital Object Identifier (DOI), this replaces the URL.
Author, A.A. (date). Title. doi:xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
EBOOKS
eBook from
database eg. Ebrary
/ EBL / online library
(Primo)
REFERENCE LIST
Long, J., & Spracklen, K. (Eds.). (2010). Sport and challenges to
racism. Houndmills, UK: Palgrave McMillan. Retrieved
from
http://ACPE.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=66567
2
IN-TEXT CITATION
Direct quote
“The more respect, the greater the rights” (Long &
Spracklen, 2010, p. 100)…….
If the publisher and place are not evident from the name of the
text, include this information in the citation. No retrieval date
required.
13
PERIODICALS
REFERENCE BASICS
Author, A.A. (date). Article title. Journal Name. volume number(issue number), pages.
For online journal articles with a DOI include after publication details.
Author, A.A. (date). Article title. Journal Name. volume number(issue number), pages doi:xxxxxxxxx
For an online journal article with no volume or issue number just include DOI.
PERIODICALS
Article in a journal
Article in a journal
with a DOI
REFERENCE LIST
Lyons, Z., & Janca, A. (2012). Indigenous children in Australia:
Health, education and optimism for the future.
Australian Journal of Education (ACER Press), 56(1), 521.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
Paraphrase
The Australian Government has implemented a
number of initiatives aimed at addressing the health
needs of Indigenous Australians (Lyons & Janca, 2012).
Last name, A.B., & Another, A.B. (year). Article title in plain
text: Only the first word of the title and subtitle (if any)
are capitalised. Journal Title in Italics with All Main
Words Capitalised. Note that the issue number is not in
italics and is placed in parenthesis (brackets) directly
following the volume number. The page numbers are
not preceded by pp.
Where the article is from a supplement give the supplement
detail in parenthesis immediately after the volume number.
Heraghty, J., & Cummins, R. (2012). A layered approach to
raising public awareness of macular degeneration in
Australia. American Journal of Public Health, 102(9),
1655-1659. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300657
Direct quote
According to Lyons and Janca (2012), “Indigenous
children have poorer outcomes on a number of health
and educational variables than non-Indigenous
children” (p. 16) which ……
For online journal articles with a DOI include after publication
details.
Direct quote
“A focused 4-year campaign building on layers of
multifaceted work has resulted in dramatically
increased awareness of macular degeneration in
Australia” (Heraghty & Cummins, 2012, p. 1659) which
has ……………
14
PERIODICALS
Newspaper /
magazine article
REFERENCE LIST
Kwek, G. (2014, February 21). Invest in health and education,
Christine Lagarde says. The Sydney Morning Herald.
Retrieved from http://www.smh.com.au
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
Paraphrase
According to Kwek (2014), Christine Lagarde believes
that it is important for governments to invest in health
and education.
For newspaper / magazine articles include year or issue
information with date.
For online articles include URL of newspaper/magazine
homepage in place of publication details.
For articles from Australia Associated Press (AAP) use group
author rules.
15
DOCUMENTS
DOCUMENTS
Report
REFERENCE LIST
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, (2011). Substance
use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
[cat. No. IHW 40]. Canberra, ACT: Author
The name of the organisation is listed at author. The word
‘Author’ is given for the publisher and not the full name of the
organisation.
Where a report has a document number include in square
brackets after title eg. [doc number 12345].
Document
corporate author
Dissertation and
Thesis
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2011). Young
Australians: Their health and wellbeing 2011. Canberra,
ACT: Author. Retrieved from
http://www.aihw.gov.au/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.asp
x?id=10737419259
Documents (eg. PDF’s) found on a website follow principles of
books with online retrieval details after publisher.
Jolley, G. M. (2013). Evaluating complex community-based
health promotion addressing the challenges.
Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Flinders University,
SA. Retrieved August 25, 2014 from
http://www.flinders.edu.au/library/indfo/collections/the
ses.cfm
For thesis include after title in place of ‘doctoral dissertation’.
IN-TEXT CITATION
Direct quote first citation
“Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people used
mainstream drug and alcohol treatment services at a
higher rate than non-Indigenous people” (Australian
Institute of Health and Welfare, 2011, p. 50) resulting
in ……
Direct quote subsequent citations
“The most common substances for which assistance
was provided were alcohol (93% of services), tobacco
and nicotine (89%) and marijuana (84%)” (AIHW, 2011,
p. 50) which indicates …………..
Use full name for first citation, acronym for
subsequent citations.
When using online resources with no page numbers
use paragraph descriptors eg. (conclusion, para 1).
Paraphrase first citation
Young people’s health and wellbeing can suffer as a
result of chronic health conditions (Australian Institute
of Health and Welfare [AIHW], 2011).
Paraphrase subsequent citations
…and one of the most common chronic conditions is
asthma. (AIHW, 2011).
Direct quote
“Community-based health promotion initiatives are
often dynamic, complex systems” (Jolley, 2013) which
require detailed planning to ensure success.
16
WEB RESOURCES
REFERENCE BASICS
Information from websites needs to be carefully evaluated before using it in an assessment. Some examples of acceptable websites are those
from universities, research organisations (eg. CSIRO) and government bodies (eg. ABS, AIHW).
If information found on websites is to be used in an assessment, follow the rules for corresponding book or periodical resources. In general, the
date the information was retrieved and the URL replaces the publishing details. Where no publishing date can be found, use (n.d.).
WEB RESOURCES
Website
Specific section of
web page
REFERENCE LIST
If a whole website is referred to, do not include in reference
list, only within text.
IN-TEXT CITATION
Paraphrase first citation
The subject guides on the library website assist
students in locating information for assignments
(Australian College of Physical Education [ACPE], 2014).
For a specific section of a website see below.
Paraphrase subsequent citations
The Information Literacy Guide helps students with
their research skills (ACPE, 2014).
Direct quote first citation
“There were 26 sports contested at London 2012”
(Australian Olympic Committee [AOC], n.d. Sports) and
of these…….
Australian Olympic Committee. (n.d.). Sports. In Australian
Olympic Committee. Retrieved May 5, 2014 from
http://corporate.olympics.com.au/sports
Specific section of a website follows principles of a chapter in a
book.
Author. (date). Chapter. In Web Page Title. Retrieval details.
Include retrieval date if information is likely to change over
time.
Direct quote subsequent citations
“A number of sports previously on the Olympic
program have been dropped throughout Games
history” (AOC, n.d. Sports) due to……
Where no page numbers are given, use paragraph
number. eg (para. 5). If no paragraphs are visible, use a
section heading.
17
AUDIO VISUAL
REFERENCE BASICS
For audio visual material, the usual convention is to reference by director first then producers. For television programs use executive producer.
Include format in square brackets after title.
Director, A.A. (Director), & Producer, B.B. (Producer). (date). Title [Format]. Place, State: Publisher.
For electronic audio visual material, include retrieval details after publisher.
Director, A.A. (Director), & Producer, B.B. (Producer). (date). Title [Format]. Place, State: Publisher. Retrieved from URL
AUDIO VISUAL
Motion Picture
REFERENCE LIST
Carter, T. (Director), & Robbins, B., Tollin, M., & Gale, D.
(Producers). (2005). Coach Carter [Digital Video].
Pyrmont, NSW: One HD.
IN-TEXT CITATION
Paraphrase
In the movie Coach Carter, the coach displays the
qualities of …..…. (Carter, 2005).
Use producer (and director if known) in author position.
If the motion picture is a DVD include [DVD] after the title.
Wenders, W. (Director), & Ringel, G.P. (Producer). (2011). Pina.
[DVD]. Crows Nest, NSW: Studio.
Television program
Single episode from
a television series
For streamed video (eg clickview) use citation as per original
format with [Digital Video] after title.
Barsoum, S. (Director & Producer). (2011). Colour Me
[Documentary]. Toronto, Ontario: Taza Media. Retrieved
from http://www.sbs.com.au
Newby, J. (Reporter & Producer). (2010). School of hard knocks
[Television series episode]. In A. Collins & G. McKenna
(Producers), Catalyst. Sydney, NSW: ABC Television.
Retrieved from
http://www.abc.net.au/catalyst/stories/2873539.htm
Reference an episode of a television program like a chapter in a
book. Writer, reporter and/or director in author position.
Executive producer in editor position.
Paraphrase
As seen in Wenders’ (2011) production of Pina………
Paraphrase
….challenges the way we see race relations (Barsoum,
2011).
Paraphrase
In his program, School of Hard Knocks, Newby (2010)
indicates that…
18
AUDIO VISUAL
YouTube Video
Music Recording
Podcast / Vodcast
REFERENCE LIST
4PromoteChannel. (2013, July 24). Coca-Cola’s new health
advertising campaign [Video File]. Retrieved from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kiIr-xC7zRA
Where the screen name and real name of an individual is
known include both. Real name in author position followed by
screen name in square brackets. Where only screen name is
known, capitalization is same as it appears online.
Where an online post is part of a series use format as per
chapter in a book.
Stravinsky, I. (2007). The firebird. On Works of Igor Stravinski
[CD]. New York, NY: Sony BMG Music Entertainment.
Writer, A. (Date of copyright). Title of song [Recorded by artist
if different from writer]. On Title of album [Medium of
recording: CD, record, cassette etc]. Location: Label.
(Recording date if different from copyright date).
Sane Australia. (n.d.). Eating disorder [Audio Podcast].
Retrieved from
http://www.sane.org/information/factsheetspodcasts/179-eating-disorder
IN-TEXT CITATION
Paraphrase
Coca-Cola has produced an anti-obesity advertising
campaign (4PromoteChannel, 2013) which ……..
Paraphrase
The Firebird (Stravinsky, 2007, disc 1) uses the
techniques of…
Within the text of your assignment include side and
band or track number.
Paraphrase
In its podcast, Eating Disorder, Sane Australia (n.d.)
indicated that..…
Where podcast is part of a series, podcast title is in plain text
and series title is in italics.
Use the same principle for a vodcast with [vodcast] after the
title. Where the publisher is evident (Sane in both title and
URL) no publishing details are included in the citation.
19
MISCELLANEOUS
MISCELLANEOUS
Dance Program
Dance Performance
REFERENCE LIST
Sydney Dance Company. (2015). Frame of mind [Program].
Sydney, NSW: Author.
This printed program references a dance work called Frame of
Mind. The Sydney Dance Company is the performing company
and the author of the program. It is identified by including
[program] in square brackets after the title.
Dance performances are not included in the reference list, only
the dance program.
Online Conference
Cheong-Lim, L.Y., Rowling, L., & Mason, J. (2012). The whole
child around the world (Australasian Panel). Paper
presented at the ASCD Whole Child virtual conference.
Retrieved from http://www.ascd.org/programs/thewhole-child/whole-child-virtualconference.aspx#auspanel
Published
proceedings of
Meetings,
Conferences, and
Symposia
Badea-Miss, G. & Bica, M.D. (2013). Virtual reality in sport area.
In Conference proceedings of “eLearning and Software
for Education” (eLSE) issue 3. (pp. 118-123). Retrieved
from www.ceeol.com
IN-TEXT CITATION
Paraphrase
As a stimulus for the work, Bonachela explored ideas of
how human beings express themselves in a variety of
emotional states (Sydney Dance Company, 2015).
When referring to the program in-text include author
and date in brackets.
The dance work Frame of Mind (Sydney Theatre,
2015), showcases Bonachela’s vibrant and energetic
choreographic style.
When citing a dance performance in-text, cite the
name of the performance in italics and the location
and date in brackets.
Direct quote
It is important to “integrate a whole child approach”
(Cheong-Lim, Rowling & Mason, 2012, slide 12) into
the culture of schools.
Direct quote
According to Badea-Miss and Bica (2013), “the use of
virtual-reality technology in the areas of sport science
and even kinetotherapy continues to grow’ (p. 122)
due to…….
Capitalise the name of the conference or symposium. If the
name of the state, province, or country is included in the name
of the university, do not repeat the state, province or country
in the publisher location.
For online proceedings include the URL of home page.
20
MISCELLANEOUS
Blog Post
Lecture/Tutorial
Notes (online)
Personal
Communication
Legal Materials
REFERENCE LIST
Stanec, A. (2014, October 1). Physical literacy. A journey, not a
destination [web log post]. Retrieved from
http://www.achper.org.au/blog/blog-physical-literacy-ajourney-not-a-destination
A comment from a blog post would be as follows;
Writer, A. (date). Re: Name of blog [Web log comment].
Retrieved from URL
Ardzejewska, K. (2012). Major models & theoretical
perspectives in health sociology [PowerPoint Slides].
Retrieved from ACPE Study Smart Website:
http://studysmart.acpe.edu.au/mod/resource/view.php
?id=7367
Lecture/Tutorial notes are not usually used as a source, except
for reflective assessments. Please check with your lecturer
before using.
Personal communication is only cited in the text of the paper
and not in the reference list.
IN-TEXT CITATION
Paraphrase
According to Stanec (2014), a cultural shift is required
to make changes to the population’s physical literacy.
Direct quote
“ We need a cultural shift in thinking at the population
level (Stanec, 2014, Conclusion) in order to…….
Paraphrase
….as discussed in the lecture on theoretical
perspectives (Ardzejewska, 2012).
Lecture/Tutorial notes are not usually used as a source,
except for reflective assessments. Please check with
your lecturer before using.
Direct quote
According to the teacher, the students “are more
engaged in classroom activities when they are actively
involved” (D. Smith, personal communication, May 20,
2014) which requires…..
rd
For information on the Australian Guide to Legal Citation 3 Edition (AGLC3) please go to the University of Melbourne
website at http://www.law.unimelb.edu.au/mulr/aglc
21
FIGURES AND TABLES
REFERENCE LIST
Figure, Graph, Image,
Saeterbakken, A. H., & Fimland, M. S. (2013). Muscle force
Illustration (reproduced from
output and electromyographic activity in squats with
a book, journal article or
various unstable surfaces. Journal of Strength and
webpage)
Conditioning Research. 27(1) p.130-145.
Note that only the article, book or website in which the
graph, image, etc appears is included in the reference list.
Table
(reproduced from a book,
journal article or webpage)
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2014). Australia’s
Health. Retrieved from http://www.aihw.gov.au/australiashealth/2014
Note that only the article, book or website in which the
graph, image, etc appears is included in the reference list.
IN-TEXT CITATION
Paraphrase
As shown in Figure 1, the force output ……
or;
…..the force output….. (see Figure 1).
All figures should be numbered consecutively with numerals
in the order they are mentioned in the text. i.e. Figure 1,
Figure 2 … The word figure and the number is in bold under
the figure. Text is the same size as the rest of the paper.
Paraphrase
…as shown in Table 1 (AIHW, 2014), the number of health
care professionals …
Number each table in the order they appear in the paper.
e.g: Table 1, Table 2, Table 3.
In the text of the paper, refer to every table and tell the
reader what to look for. Refer to the tables by their number.
The word table and the number are in bold above the table.
Text is the same size as the rest of the paper.
22
FIGURES
Any type of illustration other than a table is called a figure. A figure may be a chart, graph,
photograph, drawing, digital image or other depiction. All figures should be numbered consecutively
throughout the text in the order in which they are first mentioned. All figures are referred to by their
number (eg. Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3). Do not write “…the figure above…”, or “…the figure on
page 12…” For example, “…as shown in Figure 2, the relationships are….”
Figures may be created from research conducted by the student, as in a scientific report. They may
also be reproduced from another scholarly resource. All figures reproduced from another resource
must have a citation under the figure as a note. The source from which the figure was reproduced is
also included in the reference list.
All figures are given a title which is written below the figure. For figures reproduced from another
resource, include a citation below the figure as a note. Note is in italics.
Graphs are a common type of figure. Students should choose the appropriate style of graph for their
specific purpose. These include;
Scatter plot - typically used when displaying two variables for a set of data
Line graph - typically used to track changes over time
Column graph - typically used to compare categories against a common value
Note – label is the same size as the rest of the text and is below the figure. The word Figure is
bolded.
D
F
J
K
Figure 1: Arrangement of on screen circles and corresponding keys
23
Percentage of boys
brought to the yard
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
My milkshake
Your milkshake
Figure 2: Percentage of boys brought to the yard by respective milkshakes.
Retrieved 31 October, 2014 from http://thesocietypages.org/socimages/files/blogger2wp/MethodsFigure.jpg
Figure 3: Key themes to emerge from the data.
Note. From “Community pharmacy in Australia: A health hub destination of the future,” by S.
McMillan et al. 2013, Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 9(6), p. 867.
18
16
Observer
14
Model
Time (sec)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Trials
Figure 4: Changes overtime in skill task
24
An image of a table taken from another source is a figure.
Figure 5. Number of people employed in the health care and social assistance industry
Note. From “Australia’s Health” by Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2014. Retrieved from
http://www.aihw.gov.au/australias-health/2014/health-system/
25
TABLES
Tables are used to clearly display information such as results of an experiment. All tables should be
numbered consecutively throughout the text in the order in which they are first mentioned. All
tables are referred to by their number (e.g. Table 1, Table 2, Table 3). Do not write ‘..the table
below..” or “…the table on page 3…”. For example, “The results of the experiment as shown in Table
2 indicate that….”.
Tables are created by the student to display information in a clear format. All tables are given a title
which is written above the table.
Always check with your lecturer regarding the use of tables from another source. If these are to be
used, they must be referenced correctly. Where tables are changed, use adapted from… (See Table
3).
Note – label is the same size as the rest of the text and is above the table. The word Table is bolded.
Bus Departure Time
Table1: Saturday bus schedule
7:16
8:01
9:31
10:16
11:01
12:31
Great Mill
7:28
8:13
9:43
10:28
11:13
12:43
7:32
8:17
9:47
10:32
11:17
212:47
May-Rich
May-Green
7:36
8:21
9:51
10:36
11:21
12:51
May-Warren
8:10
8:55
10:28
11:13
11:58
1:28
Centre Square
Stations Served
Table 2: Experimental Results for High S-R Compatibility
Simple time
(1 choice)
Choice reaction time
(2 choices)
Choice reaction time
(4 choices)
Average Reaction Time (msec)
Bits
1209
0
1454
1
1858
2
26
Table 3: Rating Chart: Relative Strength for Leg Press
Good fitness
Marginal fitness
Low fitness
Male
≥1.90
1.65-1.89
≤1.64
18 years or older
Female
≥1.40
1.30-1.39
≤1.29
Note. Adapted from “Fitness for life (6th ed.)” by C. B. Corbin & G.C. Le Masurier, p.212.Copyright 2014
by Charles B. Corbin.
27
Appendix
Acronyms
If the name of a group author is long and the abbreviation is familiar or readily understandable, you may
abbreviate the name in the second and subsequent citations.
(Australian Institute of Health and Welfare [AIHW], 2014) for the first citation
(AIHW, 2014) for subsequent citations
Author’s surnames
Only use author’s surnames for in-text citations unless multiple authors have the same surname.
(A.B. Smith, 2010 and C.D. Smith, 2012)
Group or Organisations and Acronyms
The name of a group or corporate author is usually spelled out each time it appears. If the name is long
and the abbreviation is familiar or readily understandable, you may abbreviate the name in the second
and subsequent citations.
For example: (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare [AIHW], 2012) for the first citation.
(AIHW, 2012) for subsequent citations.
Multiple studies by a different author
When citing more than one study after a single idea i.e. using multiple sources to support your point),
separate each reference with a semi-colon and list in alphabetical order
(Jones, 2010; Smith, 2014)
Multiple studies by a single author
When citing more than one study published in the same year by the same author, list them
chronologically with the use of lower case letters.
(Jones,2010s; 2010b)
No date
When citing a source with no date, place ‘n.d.’ where the year should be.
(Jones, n.d.)
OR
Jones, A. B. (n.d.) Title. Place: Publisher
Quotation Marks
Use double quotation marks when the quote is under 40 words. For a quote within a quote use single
quotation marks.
… “monetary incentives address ‘present bias,’ which is the tendency to engage in behaviors …”
Secondary Source
A ‘secondary source’ is a source that is referring to the initial source of the information (the primary
source). When citing from a secondary source, cite the primary and secondary source in the academic
work text, but list only the secondary source in the reference list.
Carini and Hogan’s study (as cited in Thiboduau & Patton, 2001, p.45) showed that….
If the date of the secondary source is different from the primary source, cite both dates in text.
(Jones, 1992, as cited in Smith, 1997, p.20).
Use of ‘and’ and ‘&’.
When a work has multiple authors, use the word ‘and’ within the text. Use & within parentheses and in
the reference list.
28
Reference List
Board of Studies NSW. (2012). A glossary of key words. Retrieved from
http://www.boardofstudies.nsw.edu.au/syllabus_hsc/glossary_keywords.html
Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). (2010). Washington, DC:
APA.
29