1. science
2. geology
3. volcanology
4. volcanic eruptions

FINAL U.S. SHOWING
AT PACIFIC SCIENCE CENTER
POMPEII
THE EXHIBITION
FEB 7 – MAY 25, 2015
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POMPEII: THE EXHIBITION
FEB. 7 – MAY 25, 2015 AT PACIFIC SCIENCE CENTER
FINAL U.S. SHOWING
Experience Pompeii before and after the epic eruption 2,000 years
ago. Imagine the moment the people of Pompeii’s world vanished
and discover the miraculous artifacts unearthed since. Witness the
final moments of those entombed in ash—including one of the largest
collections of body casts ever presented.
ONCE-IN-A-LIFETIME EXHIBITION
In the year 79, the Italian city of Pompeii vanished beneath thick
layers of volcanic ash left by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. But
what nature destroyed, it also preserved. POMPEII: The Exhibition
tells the tale of this city, hidden from view and forgotten for centuries
until its rediscovery over 250 years ago. From garden frescoes and
marble statues to helmets and shin guards of the day’s gladiators,
coins and currency to religious altars and shrines—all set in their
original surroundings—you will experience daily life in this bustling
Roman city. Then, as the floors shake and the walls rumble, relive the
volcano’s catastrophic eruption through an immersive CGI experience,
culminating in the reveal of six full body casts forever frozen in time.
Don’t miss this once-in-a-lifetime chance to experience these stunning
artifacts. Plan your visit now at pacificsciencecenter.org.
This man was one of a group of 13 victims found in 1961
in the vineyard of an inn now called the “garden of the
fugitives.” He was discovered lying on the ground, his
chest raised as he leaned on his left arm. The original
casts are preserved in an onsite museum.
Gladiators were treated as elite athletes in Pompeii. These were the
shin guards, shields and helmet that provided them with protection
during battle.
This marble fountain rests
on a tripod, shaped like
sphinxes, the half-woman,
half-bird mythological
figures that used their
songs to lure the hero
Ulysses. The sphinxes
here have bodies that are
part-vegetable and end in
lion paws. Acanthus leaves
wind around the main
column which holds the
pipe that connects to the
water source.
Photos courtesy of SBA of Naples and SSBA of
Pompeii, Herculaneum and Stabiae
2 TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 2015 | Sponsored Newspapers In Education Content
Volcanoes in Our Neighborhood
Here in the Pacific Northwest, our active volcanoes are hazardous in their own ways. Compare and contrast
our local volcanoes (mainly Mount Rainier and Mount St. Helens) with Mount Vesuvius to answer, “Could it
happen here?”
Much like the residents of Pompeii and those who still live near Mount Vesuvius, here in Washington state
we live among active volcanoes. Volcanoes aren’t just “active” when they’re erupting. Any volcano that
has erupted in recent history that is hot inside, has earthquakes, and is located above an area of magma
formation (subduction zone), is considered active. It’s important to understand what can happen in our
geologically dynamic region and be prepared.
Could ‘Pompeii’ Happen Here?
Looking at the destruction of Pompeii, you might wonder: could it happen here? Like Mount Vesuvius,
several of Washington’s volcanoes can erupt violently. But it is volcanic mudflows called lahars, not
Pompeii-style eruptions, that are more likely to touch our lives. Lahars are “flash floods” of volcanic rock,,
ash and water that look like wet cement. They’re extremely destructive. They can move quickly and be
hundreds of feet deep in steep-sided valleys near the volcano. Lahars travel much farther than masses off h
hot
ot
ot
gas and rock called pyroclastic flows, following valleys and rivers for tens of miles, slowing and spreading
g
out as they go. When Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79, a pyroclastic flow smothered Pompeii and the town
off
no
Herculaneum. When Mount St. Helens erupted in 1980, a massive landslide, lateral blast and lahar destroyed
yed
d
miles of forest. You might wonder about lava, but lava and pyroclastic flows cannot travel very far, and few
ew
people live close to Mount St. Helens—unlike Mount Vesuvius, which is just a few miles from Pompeii and
d
Herculaneum. Lahars can be triggered by earthquakes and avalanches, as well as volcanic eruptions.
Did you know?
•
The name Pompeii probably originated from the
ancient Italian word pompe which means five.
Scholars have studied the archaeological record
and concluded that the city was likely an
association of five smaller towns or hamlets,
which would support the theory that Pompeii’s
name came from the word for five.
•
At the time of its destruction, scholars believe
there were about 20,000 people living in Pompeii.
•
Mount Vesuvius is a stratovolcano or composite
volcano. Stratovolcanoes are made of many layers
(strata) of overlapping lava, and tephra (pumice
and ash). The layered structure builds up over
time to form a steep, cone-shaped volcano.
•
Evidence suggests that the city was buried
under 13 to 20 feet of ash and pumice from the
volcanic eruption. Objects in the city were well
preserved for thousands of years because the
ash and pumice blocked air and moisture.
What about Mount Rainier?
Mount St. Helens may erupt again before Mount Rainier does—but Mount Rainier is the more dangerous
volcano. Why? Mount Rainier is covered by an enormous blanket of snow and glacial ice—as much as on
all of the other Cascade Range volcanoes combined. An eruption would quickly melt a lot of snow and
ice, causing a lahar. Portions of Mount Rainier are also “rotten” and are slowly turning to clay due to the
circulation of hot fluids. The rock is crumbly and unstable. A large landslide could quickly transform into a
dangerous lahar, even without an eruption, traveling far enough down valley to reach lowland communities
iess
like Orting and Tacoma.
2
WHY VOLCANOES ARE DANGEROUS, AND HOW WE MONITOR THEM
VOLCANO THREATS
LAVA FLOW
Although extremely hot, lava usually moves
slowly and doesn’t travel very far—but the heat
can melt ice and snow and cause lahars.
VOLCANIC GASES
Over 90 percent of the gas from volcanoes is
steam (water). The rest is a harmful mix of carbon
and sulfur gases—but unless you’re stuck in a
closed space on the volcano, they don’t pose a
threat to you.
VOLCANIC “BLOCKS” AND “BOMBS”
Volcanoes can send rocks and even huge boulders
flying. But most blocks fall within two miles of the
crater. Unless you’re very close to the volcano,
blocks and bombs don’t pose a threat to you.
LAHAR (VOLCANIC MUDFLOW)
Lahars are “flash floods” of volcanic mud,
rock and water. They rush down the slopes
of a volcano and its river valleys for miles,
often at speeds of up to 50 miles per hour.
That is why it’s important to get to high
ground if you’re in a valley near a volcano
during an eruption.
AVALANCHES AND LANDSLIDES
Debris avalanches and landslides can be
triggered with or without an eruption. They
can be small or take off an entire side of
a volcano. With enough water, they can
transform into lahars that travel many miles
down river valleys.
ASH
PYROCLASTIC FLOW
HOW CAN SCIENCE HELP
PREPARE US?
Directed blasts can flatten and snap trees as far
as 17 miles away, like the “lateral blast” at Mount
St. Helens in 1980.
Pyroclastic flows are deadly masses of hot rock
and gas (over 400°F) that rush down the sides of
a volcano. Along the way, they can melt snow and
ice to cause lahars.
“Spiders” help monitor volcanoes
A big metal spider is actually an emergency
volcano-monitoring instrument. Spiders are
designed to carry several different tools such as a
seismometer, infrasound, lightning detector, GPS,
Permanent volcano monitoring stations:
our first line of defense
Monitoring stations send us detailed information,
giving us the first warning of volcanic activity.
Each station has at least one seismometer and
a GPS. Some also include a tiltmeter to track
changes in a volcano’s surface. It’s important to
have permanent stations in place before a volcano
wakes up so we can understand what’s normal
and what is a warning. We also don’t want to
find ourselves in an emergency without enough
monitors. We can drop a spider if we need to, but
having permanent stations is better.
3
TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 2015 3
How do we know what will happen?
Local scientists are volcano-monitoring experts!
Earthquakes shook the area for four days before
Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79—but the warning
went unrecognized. Today, we understand
the importance of monitoring earthquakes
near volcanoes carefully. Seismometers, which
measure earthquake activity, tell us when sleeping
volcanoes wake up and when magma is on
the move. GPS and tiltmeters (which measure
location and ground tilt) can tell us when parts of
a volcano are bulging, and measuring volcanic
gases can tell us when the chemistry inside the
volcano’s magma chamber is changing. All of
this data are combined to help us forecast what
our volcanoes will do, and when. It takes a few
thousandths of a second for information from
monitoring stations across Washington, Oregon
and California to travel to the computers at the
Pacific Northwest Seismic Network (PNSN) in
Seattle and the United States Geological SurveyCascades Volcano Observatory (USGS-CVO) in
Vancouver, WA. All of the Cascade volcanoes are
monitored by the USGS-CVO and PNSN, and alert
authorities when they detect significant volcanic
or seismic activity.
camera, microphone, thermometer or gas monitor.
Not all of our volcanoes are covered in stations
as completely as Mount St. Helens or Mount
Rainier. When we need more information during
an emergency, or when a permanent station stops
working, a spider can be lowered by helicopter
directly onto the volcano to help gather data.
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DIRECTED BLASTS (EXPLOSIONS)
Wind carries ash great distances. It can
make breathing difficult and disrupt daily life.
If you or your family members experience an
ash-bearing eruption, wear a respiratory mask,
stay indoors, don’t drive unless necessary
and keep ash away from unsealed electronics.
LET’S TAKE A LOOK AT HOW THE VOLCANO
CANO OF POMPEII COMPARES
C
TO VOLCANOES IN THE CASCADES
WHAT POMPEII TAUGHT
US ABOUT VOLCANOES
Many of the mapping techniques
used by scientists at Pompeii today
are employed at Mount St. Helens
and other Cascade Range volcanoes
to tell us about the sequence of
events that unfolded with past
eruptions. They include:
•
•
Relating the contents of the
layers back to the processes that caused the eruption
Analyzing objects to determine temperatures and physical conditions during past eruptions
The eyewitness accounts of the Vesuvius eruption by Pliny the Younger and his uncle, Pliny the
Elder, were among the first to provide detailed accounts and written documentation about the
year 79 eruption and its effects on people. Some of their descriptions—highly vivid and scientifically
detailed—are comparable in quality to many accounts of eruptions in the 21st century. Their
descriptions help scientists to understand what conditions must have been like for people living
through large eruptions at Mount Mazama, Mount St. Helens and Glacier Peak.
The name ‘Plinian column’ describes the rising column of steam and ash that near its top
“expanded into different branches” like a Mediterranean pine tree. This term, coined from Pliny’s
description, is used around the world today. (Pacific Northwesterners will recall that they saw a
Plinian column at Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980.)
The sequence of events at Pompeii—ash fall, pyroclastic flows and surges accompanied by
extraordinarily high temperatures—are also visible in the rocky records of Cascade Range volcanoes.
We can envision the processes, knowing what happened at Pompeii.
The eruption at Pompeii taught us that it is important to know the hazards from our local volcanoes
and to have a plan. Pliny the Younger tells us that the people of Campania had become used to
earthquakes. In Pompeii, many people took heed and left for safety. But it was too late for the
roughly 2,000 people who remained. As the eruption intensified, they found conditions too
difficult for evacuation.
•
Mount Mazama: A massive volcano consisting of overlapping shield cones and stratovolcanoes, Mount Mazama erupted violently about
7,700 years ago. The enormous eruption was accompanied by the collapse of the entire upper half of the mountain. Volcanic ash spewed
out and pyroclastic flows descended, producing thick layers of deposits. Subsequent smaller eruptions have followed. Humans did reside in
the region and their lives were disrupted by this catastrophic eruption. Winds spread a thin layer of volcanic ash across the Pacific Northwest,
still visible today, and useful as a ‘marker layer.’
•
Glacier Peak: Located 70 miles northeast of Seattle, this volcano generated a sequence of nine ash eruptions within a period of less than
a few hundred years about 13,100 years ago. The largest ejected more than five times as much ash as the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount
St. Helens and was one of the largest eruptions in the Cascade Range since the end of the last ice age. Some of the ash from these eruptions
fell back onto the volcano and avalanched down its flanks. Much of the rest rose high into the atmosphere and drifted hundreds to thousands
of miles downwind. Deposits from these eruptions are more than a foot thick near Chelan, Washington and an inch thick in western Montana.
•
Mount St. Helens: This volcano has experienced a wide range of behaviors, including large eruptions with pyroclastic flows and surges. Two
periods of highly explosive activity (over 3,300 years ago) deposited large amounts of ash and debris from pyroclastic flows. The period was
initiated with a highly explosive eruption of ash that was about four times larger than the amount of ash produced in 1980, making it the most
voluminous eruption in Mount St. Helens’ history. This ash fall has been identified as far away as 600 miles from its source.
Cascade Range volcanoes are considered ‘active’ by volcanologists because of their relatively recent eruptions, hydrothermal systems, earthquakes
and location above the Cascadia Subduction Zone where magma is produced.
As with present day Vesuvius, Cascade Range volcanoes are in a quiet phase; not erupting but are physically functioning as volcanoes do—with at
least one of them recharging its magma chamber.
DO THE CASCADES PRODUCE POMPEII-STYLE HAZARDS?
Cascade Range volcanoes produce phenomena similar to Mount Vesuvius— thick volcanic ash and high-temperature pyroclastic flows and surges
that have the power to destroy nearby structures and forest land. The more we study these layers and the nature of the processes that formed them,
the better we understand conditions that produced historical deposits at volcanoes around the world and measures that need to be taken to keep
communities safe during future eruptions.
In the Cascade Range, we are fortunate that most of our volcanoes are surrounded
by miles of forests rather than by major population centers such as those in the
vicinity of Mount Vesuvius. Forest lands can create a natural barrier between
densely populated communities and Pompeii-style hazards.
The eruption illustrated the deadly nature of pyroclastic flows. Since Pompeii, the deadly effects
have been noted around the world—at Pelée (Martinique) in 1902 and Unzen (Japan) in 1991. The
lesson from these explosive volcanoes remains the same: when pyroclastic flows threaten, stay
out of the way.
In the Pacific Northwest, our volcanoes are covered by glacier ice and snow. There
is one cubic mile of it on Mount Rainier; as much as on all other Cascade volcanoes
combined—and none on Vesuvius. While pyroclastic flows can’t reach our human
communities, they can melt snow and ice and create lahars. The dangerous mix of
boulders, mud and debris in a lahar can travel down valleys to disrupt communities
dozens of miles away from the volcanoes. Lahars—not pyroclastic flows—are the
principal hazard at Cascade Range volcanoes.
Volcanoes can have a drastic effect upon the landscape, even at a distance from the volcano.
The Vesuvius eruption of year 79 proved this true for the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum,
among others. Entire cities were buried and forgotten for many centuries.
Could Pompeii happen here? The message is the same today as it was in the year
79. Volcanoes are uncontrollable forces, but people CAN control their response by
listening to warnings and staying out of the way when a volcano threatens.
5
TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 2015 5
4
Three Cascade-Range volcanoes stand out as particularly prone to large explosive eruptions. These include:
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•
Conducting careful
mapping of the layers and
making descriptions of the
grain size and content of
each layer
SOME CASCADE PEAKS HAVE PRODUCED POMPEII-SIZED ERUPTIONS
Some Cascade Range volcanoes have produced eruptions of the same explosiveness as the 79 eruption of Vesuvius. For example, Glacier Peak 13,100
years ago and Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980. The eruption of Mount Mazama 7,700 years ago produced an even larger eruption.
WHAT CAN YOU DO TO PREPARE?
CASCADE VOLCANOES WILL ERUPT AGAIN
STAY CURRENT
BE PREPARED: “LEARN, ASK, PLAN”
Cascades Volcano Observatory—volcano alerts, history, hazards and
preparedness:
volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/cvo/
We live with active volcanoes. It’s not “if” they erupt, but “when.” Scientists
are keeping a close watch on Mount Rainier and measurements show that
Mount St. Helens’ magma system is recharging and it will erupt again—but
we don’t know exactly when.
Find out if you live, work or go to school in a hazard zone.
If you do, familiarize yourself with the emergency evacuation route. Ask your
local government if they have an emergency plan. Make sure you and your
family have food, water and supplies for several days or even weeks.
HOW WILL YOU KNOW IF A HAZARD IS IMMINENT?
Sign up to receive emails from the USGS about volcanic activity
(volcanoes.usgs.gov/vns/). NOAA Weather Radio All Hazards
(nws.noaa.gov/nwr/) will alert you to all kinds of hazards, from volcanoes
to tsunamis. Pierce County ALERT (piercecountywa.org/activevolcano)
is a free service that will notify you about emergencies in the area. The
Puyallup Valley has a lahar warning system that consists of emergency
broadcasts, personal electronic notifications and sirens.
PULL IT TOGETHER: MAKE A SAFETY PLAN AND
SURVIVAL KIT
6 TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 2015 | Sponsored Newspapers In Education Content
Learn how to build an emergency prepardeness kit at ready.gov/build-a-kit.
To deal with volcanic hazards such as ash fall, add these items to your
emergency preparedness kit:
•
Respiratory mask (with US N95 rating or better)
•
Goggles for working outside
•
For people with existing respiratory difficulties, extra medication and
oxygen as required to live in dusty conditions (ask your doctor about
what you need)
•
Spare contact lenses, cleaning solution and eye glasses
•
Plastic and tape to seal ash out of your house during extreme ash fall
Be informed. Make a plan. Build a kit. Educate and protect
your family, neighbors, and friends.
6
Visit the following websites for ideas about how to prepare your family and
your community.
Volcano Notification Service registration and activity updates:
volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/cvo/cvo_volcano_updates.html
Mount Rainier Active Volcano—Pierce County Dept. of Emergency
Management, Mount Rainier evacuation maps and notification information:
piercecountywa.org/activevolcano
Volcano Seismicity:
pnsn.org/
WHAT TO DO WHEN VOLCANIC ACTIVITY OCCURS
Mount Rainier rises above Tacoma and other populated areas that may
be disrupted during its next eruption. During an eruption, you might be
asked to:
1.
Evacuate due to lahars or thick ash fall
2.
Stay indoors during significant ash fall
The most important thing to do is to stay informed and help others in need.
ACTIONS TO TAKE DURING VOLCANIC UNREST AND ERUPTIONS
Information about volanic unrest and eruptions will be reported to the
public through USGS websites and by the media. Volcanic unrest is defined
as the period of time when a volcano is showing unusual activity or is
erupting. Unrest may last for months or years. During volcanic unrest, pay
close attention to emergency plans and recommendations from officials.
How YOU prepare will depend upon your location. You might be asked
to stay indoors, or to evacuate. That is why it is important for residents
and visitors to know their location relative to hazard zones. View the CVO
Simplified Hazards Maps (volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/cvo/cvo_
multimedia.html)to learn more about hazard zones on volcanoes you live
near or may visit.
WHEN AN ERUPTION IS UNDERWAY
Follow instructions for closures and evacuations. It might save your life.
If you are in a lahar hazard zone and become aware of an oncoming
lahar, get to high ground. If your city or town has designated evacuation
routes, follow them.
3.
If you are safe from lahars and at risk from ash fall hazards, stay indoors.
Officials will update hazard zones and disseminate new information as
the eruption develops. Watch and/or listen for additional information
about emergency procedures. Do your part to remain safe and help
others in need.
Consult the simplified hazards maps to determine whether you are in
a lahar hazard zone.
3.
Prepare as you would for floods. You might need to evacuate people,
pets and valuables quickly.
4.
Become familiar with evacuation routes in your community.
5.
Listen carefully to official reports via emergency broadcasts, NOAA
weather radio or local notification systems such as ‘reverse 911’
and sirens.
6.
If officials detect a lahar, seek high ground off the valley floor as quickly
as possible, such as moving up a hillside and seek shelter.
WHAT TO DO AFTER VOLCANIC ASH FALL
1.
2.
3.
Minimize your exposure to ash. Improve chances for safety by providing
shelter for people, pets, livestock and machinery.
•
Listen for up-to-date reports. Ash fall might be a significant hazard
or only a nuisance, depending upon eruption size, style and
duration of the volcanic activity.
•
Prepare for ash fall in the same ways you would prepare for a
dust storm.
Tiny abrasive ash particles are easily inhaled and harmful; they can enter
all but the most tightly sealed buildings and machinery.
•
Ash particles can be small enough (less than 10 microns—similar to
a dust particle) to be inhaled deeply into the lungs.
•
People with existing respiratory difficulties have greater health risks.
Keep extra medication and oxygen on hand for them.
•
Carefully seal machinery with moving parts that may be exposed
to ash.
Adjust your lifestyle so that you can live safely and relatively
comfortably with volcanic ash by following the tips below:
DO NOT DRIVE, unless absolutely necessary; ash can damage the
engine, filters and exterior of your vehicle. Driving on ash-slickened
roads with reduced visibility can be hazardous. Reduce driving
speed.
1.
Move AWAY from hazard zones to improve your chances for safety.
2.
Be aware that you may be exposed to falling ash and volcanic rocks
(tephra), lava flows, lahars, toxic volcanic gases and avalanches of
hot rock and gas (pyroclastic flows).
•
Extensive ash fall can cause power failures and disturb water,
transportation and communication systems. Wind and human
activity can stir up fallen ash for weeks to years causing
long-term disruption.
3.
In confined spaces (caves or hollows) on the volcano, volcanic gases
can concentrate and be very hazardous.
4.
Your route to safety might be cut off by lahars. If lahars ARE a threat,
STAY OFF VALLEY FLOORS AND OUT OF LOW-LYING AREAS.
•
Have survival and clean-up resources on hand such as dust masks,
extra medications, plastic sheeting and heavy-duty tape.
5.
Pay attention to closure signs; they can save your life.
•
Avoid cleanup until ash has stopped falling. However, in some
situations, immediate action may be required to prevent damage
or loss of function to the building. Use extreme caution when
cleaning to avoid falling from the structure you are cleaning.
IF YOU ARE NEAR OR DOWNWIND OF A VOLCANO DURING
AN ERUPTION
You may be at risk from lahars (volcanic mudflows).
1.
Stay out of valleys and low-lying areas that lead from the mountain.
Many more details about volcanic ash can be found at
volcanoes.usgs.gov/ash/index.html.
7
TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 2015 7
•
IF YOU ARE ON A VOLCANO DURING AN ERUPTION
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1.
2.
2.
VISIT THE EXHIBIT
RESOURCES
POMPEII: The Exhibition will be on display at Pacific Science Center
Feb. 7 - May 25, 2015.
•
USGS-CVO Teaching Resources for curricula, posters, media:
volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/cvo/teaching_resources.html
•
Ranger-led field trips for students and professional development
opportunities. Mount Rainier National Park: nps.gov/mora/index.htm
and Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument: fs.usda.gov/main/
mtsthelens/learning/parents-teachers.
•
Teaching about Cascade Range volcanoes professional development
opportunities:
•
Teacher training: “Mount Rainier: Living with a volcano in your
backyard,” July 27–31, 2015
Sponsored by Mount Rainier National Park, USGS Cascades
Volcano Observatory
nps.gov/mora/forteachers/development/teacherworkshops.htm
•
As one might expect, Saturdays, Sundays and holidays are Pacific Science
Center’s busiest days. As this exhibit is running during the school year,
expect field trip groups Tuesday–Friday between 10 a.m. – 1 p.m.
This is your last chance to view these items in the U.S. before they return
to Italy.
VISIT A VOLCANO
Teacher training: “Mount St. Helens: Living with the volcano that
came to your backyard,” Aug. 17–19, 2015
•
Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument
fs.usda.gov/mountsthelens
Sponsored by Mount St. Helens Institute, Mount St. Helens National
Volcanic Monument, USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory
mshinstitute.org/index.php/programs/teacher_workshops
•
Mount Rainier National Park
nps.gov/mora/index.htm
•
Mount Baker and Glacier Peak
fs.usda.gov/mbs
•
Mount Adams
fs.usda.gov/recarea/giffordpinchot/recarea/?recid=79411
For the Public
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Admission to POMPEII: The Exhibition includes access to Pacific Science
Center’s permanent exhibits. We recommend purchasing tickets online at
pacificsciencecenter.org or over the phone at 1.800.664.8775 to reserve
your ideal date and time. Tickets are also available for purchase at Pacific
Science Center’s box office.
•
Washington State History Museum, Tacoma WA. Temporary exhibit
about Cascade Range Volcanoes: “Living in the Shadows.”
washingtonhistory.org/visit/wshm/exhibits/featured/volcano/
•
Public Open House at USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver
WA, May 2, 2015: volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/cvo/2
•
GEOGIRLS, Aug. 3–7, 2015. A geology and technology field camp for
middle school girls at Mount St. Helens.
mshslc.org/volcanic-explorations/youthprograms/geogirls/
•
Mount St. Helens Institute: Seminars, hikes, climbs, lectures
mshinstitute.org/
•
Mount Baker Volcano Research Center: Volcano research and public
education about volcano hazards from Mount Baker in the Cascades.
mbvrc.wordpress.com/
THANK YOU CHEVRON
Chevron’s support will enable us to provide school groups and
all of our guests with a deeper understanding of local geology
and volcanology through unique local educational content and
programming. We thank them for their generous contributions
to support science education in the community.
How to Prepare for Volcanic Activity
volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/cvo/how_to_prepare.html
Be Ready
•
Learn:
Educate yourself about volcano
hazard zones and evacuation
routes. Know how to access this
information during a crisis.
•
Inquire:
Ask local and state emergency
offices and schools about their
plans. Be ready to follow official
guidance.
•
Prepare:
Gather basic emergency
provisions. Establish a plan to
reunite with family if you are
separated. Don’t forget your pets!
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For Teachers