1. automotive and vehicles
2. cars

1
you live in a place with trafficjams? Do you know about
any other environmentaI problems caused by cars?
Do
Kuy
-
ff.cad
alout
i
To tatk abor
very usefuI
C
CLIMÄTE
ATASTROPHE?
.4
H;* :?':ilil':' :TH ö'Jö:X
tevets
"sreenhouse
gas' Rislng
''
ilä*"J:*n'l'$ffi"il:::
rl
to disastrous chrnges
id
rLru
leading
world's climate'
Cors lut
t,t rbon
lrlvel
"".,rtrtionised
"u.ria, whY'"ttryont
Here's
IT'S
A
In
'ro
hj c h
are chokt ng
oli
Eacll
and lunR Jisease 'ire
2
ne."','.
tt\^
3
(/)
They're ugty.
They cause po[Lution.
There are too many ofthem.
They cause heaLth Problems.
They're noisy.
They're too expensive for ordinary peop[e.
They're bad for wj[dLife.
They contribute to climate change.
They make peoPLe LazY.
a list from information in the text.
rittttre
a
tech nology,
tsrouno^-t-'1
\'4r I 401) 000 tatt
tt'u
d'u
tr
T
I
rllu iJc
I
I
L]
I
---
why do pe,
Is it because ti
of tra nsport -
qua Lities? (Thir
Do a su rvey in r
choke not being
able
to breathe
7 Is it possib
In groups, disc
ruraI in the country (notthe city)
threatening risking
ctogging
up
blocking
o
congestion heavy traffic (= trafficjams)
pottution things which
fuet
I
:railt
ure
6
damage the environment
.
gobbtes eats greediLy
resources usefuI naturalthings (eg. metals,
scrapped destroyed
oiL)
soil the earth in which Plants grow
harmful danqerous (for peopte, animals or plants)
p
rovide goor
it diffi
(eg. expensi
make
petroI
The article recommends "using your car Less". Which harmful effects are reduced
14ake
the
:::x;:i"::;::ii{;i,:l;;";::,i';"",
Which five points about cars are made by the articte?
in the boxes.
Put a tjck
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
5
lr
nralL].
ufien' \t'ttng childrenlnost ot
In the
nal buildingthtt'tte.ns
deirol otct >u Qt
scr,tfPe'l
suftctton
Recentl:
f
own [ife.
llr' wlltcL
cds'
soil with hönfulcher
peoPle
u,d"pcoPle thtt
tl
clamrtge or
ot one
ihrertening the health
tt
Since
present perl
destroY'
mrterials end up in
bumt, poisoning our
LU
ueu"'
noor air qurlitY in t-urll rn rrve
P repnal'/t
1
c
th
phrase or
ot tano'
WHÄTAWASTEI
When cars al-e scrapPed'
''
t3*'l:
contnouror
fities, md I major
the uK'
Since
our finest ttikllife rcsenes
causc
C,rr fumes are the leadtng
^,rd
Jioxidr fulltn t on
poisonshuge 'uels
to get arouncr'
CHOKE!
*mo es, $
uf.ttll the UK's
t.routt"t
**[iini#'-"ijli];t
fot
Over
b
e
llo/'
r-
a
Since w
CARMAGEDDON
ruet.at'"
Making cars' Producrng
prectctus
up
r',,itdins
*nliur"t" roads gobbles
ans
cars har e
tn the last hundred Yeffs'
the way we
P
out
Match
o cut down thr
(eg.
8
new tec
The artrcle l
more possibte
ifyou do that?
9
ca
s
Who shoutd
mpaign, or
dc
Key Langrra
Look at this sentence from the article'
In the last hundred years, cars have revolutionised the way we travel '
Totalkaboutaperiodofpasttimewhichcomesuptothepresent,WeUsethepresentperfect.Thisis
in the environment'
very usefuL when discussing modern technology, or changes
4
Match up these tjme phrases and clauses. Choose the best combinations'
a0vertheLast300years.'.1..'theyhavedoneveryLittLefortheenvironment.
horse'
up Precious
2 " the car has replaced the
b Since 1900...
has developed dramaticaLLy'
c Since the invention ofthe teLephone, ... 3 .'. the Internethas
4 "' technoLogy completeLy changed our [ives'
d Since wortd teaders met at Rio, '.,
5 "' communication has got cheaper and quicker'
e Recently...
6 "' I've started cycling to work'
f In the tåst two or three years..'
CDs have replaced LPs.
5 riltthe gaps with a time a
how to use a computer
b
Since
'
the
phrase or a clause using
- I Learntphones
popular.
very
become
have
mobile
c
present perfect. TaLk about
In the last ten years
technoLogy, or events in Your d I've become very-interested in "green" issues'
e
own [ife.
.
the ground or
air.
wlter and
,
a.alh ebour ir
6
Why Ao people Love cars so much?
because they are convenient means
oftransport - or do theY have other
Is
it
qualities? (Think about car adverts.)
Do a survey
in your class to find out.
7
Is it possibLe to "use cars [ess"?
In groups, discuss these ideas :
o provide good pubLic transPort
o make it difficuLt for car users
metals, oi[)
or plants)
(eg. expensive Parking)
o cut down the need forjourneYs
(eg. new tech no[ogY)
8
The article tatks about damage to the environment even
more possibLe soLutions to this problem.
9
Who shouLd solve these probLems
-
if we don't use cars much. Discuss one or
governments or individuals? WouLd you ratherjoin a poLiticaL
campaign, or do something aboutityourself, instead?
n
.ts
fD
fT
zH
14
r4
d
f?t
0a
ul
@ tune in
1{
p
ul
ul
H
7^
kI
1{
g
u
1
Ov<
Before you Listen, think abouttropicalrainforests. Where are they?
What are they tike? Why are they in the news?
ttt-
2
Now fisten to Rebecca Walker, who has made
severaI TV programmes about the destruction of the
rainforests. Which ofthese sentences are true (T)
7
and which are false (F)?
a
The "candpy" of the forest
b
c
d
e
m ea
ns the tops
of
the trees.
25% of at[ animal and pLant species live in the
rainforest.
Th ere are more than 4,000 types of tree.
We get medicines from plants in the rainforest.
A
f
I
sometimes
T
to te[
since
1945.
The forest "breathes
in" oxygen,
Like
humans.
us whi
6,000 years t
i n forest, an(
L-l
remains. Hov
argument?
8
]
!
what can
destruction o
a [ist ofideas
3 Look at the six points below. Rebecca mentions
three ofthem. Which ones? Listen again and identifo
them, and then explain each one.
which are the
9
.
.
Here is a st
or "green" iss
is the most im
choice to the
beautv for visitors
danger of climate change
o fuLlof dangerous animaLs
o good pLace to get wood
o home of natjve Amerindian people
.
st
tl
lt
We have Lost over haLfthe world's rainforests
g
ny pe
down a[[you
treatment for AIDS has been discovered in
the rainforest.
Ma
tropicatcour
rainforest. B
. climate cha
. acid rain
. species in d
. destruction
important for medicalscience
o
.
destruction
pesticides
a
1O It is sad w
and they disapy
Key Langua
Look at this sentence from the tape.
"We must stop now, or
There are severaL forms which mean the same:
"We must stop now; otherwise it will be too [ate."
"We must stop now; if not, it witl be too [ate."
"We must stop now;
if
we don't,
"Ifwe don't stop now, it wi[[
4
be
it wi[[
be
too [ate."
too [ate."
Can you remember a sentence from the tape
which includes the word, otherwise?
it wi[
be too late."
5
f
a
If we don't change our atlitude, there
Rewrite these sentences cutting out
and, using oth e rwi se/or.
b
c
d
e
'tCrite
wi[[ be an ecologica I disaster.
11 -t-Design a T.
Ifwe don'tsavethese animaLs, our
about the ra'inf,
green issue.
gra ndchildren wi[L bla me us.
If we don't use energy more carefulLy,
poLlution wi[[ continue to increase.
If we don't respectthe Earth, itwi[Ldie.
If we don't thin k about the future,
we won't have one.
12
Thin k ofa t
that you know.
inc[uding the pt
that [ive there.
t
Where are they?
6
n
.ts
fr
tr
in Brazilwant to cut down the forest to make room for
agricuLture. Tourists want to keep the forest so that they can see the
wiLdtife. In groups, prepare the arguments on each side, and then
talk about the issue in class.
7
Farmers
in Britain think that
countries shouLd preserve their
Many peopte
tropical
z
ninforest. But those countries
jn Britain have cut
down aIyour forest. You have no right
to te[[ us what to do." ]t is true that
sometimes say: "You
H
6,000 years ago, Britain was covered
c4
14
forest, and now only a tiny area
remains. How do you feel about this
in
argument?
8
What can you do
d
to prevent the
fr
destruction of the rainforest? Make
a ljst ofideas, then discuss and decide
which are the most usefu[.
9
Here is a
short
14
List of environmental
or "green" issues. Which do you
think
js
the most important? Exptain your
choice to the class.
'
.
.
.
.
.
Which
point in Question
9 goes with this picture?
climate change - gtobal warming, or "the greenhouse effect"
acid rain
species in danger of extinction (eg. the rhino, the elephant, the tiger)
destruction ofthe rainforest
destruction of the countryside
pesticides and other poLlution in food
10 Itissadwhenananimalorplantspeciesbecomesextinct.Butwedon'tfeel
and fhey disappeared millions of yea rs ago. Does
ng out
'f
tlritc
11
about
it
Oesign a T-shjrt with a message
about the rainforest or about another
green issue.
12 think of a beautiful naturalplace
thatyou know. Write a description,
including the pLants and animaLs
that Live there.
it
rea
lly matter if we
Lose a
bad aboutthe dinosaurs
few more species?
-
?ages 58 -
6'1
Present perfect
Second con
0n page 59 we saw how we can use the present perfect to talk about something which started in the past
and continues'in the present. We use the present simpte to refer to situations now. compare:
We use the seco
atways expect tl
Cor use
in Bitain hos gtown dramaticolly over the plst 25 years. (present perfect)
There ore now over 20
nilLion
cars on
If I
Bitain's roods. (present sinpLe)
won the
(c0NDrTr(
I
The present perfect is formed by the ouxr liory verb have/hos + past participle
Be careful - there are many irregular past participles!
1
In pairs, write the past participte of the fottowing
Example:
a need nce/c/
bbe
c choose
d stop
e
f
g
h
ofthe main
1 wauld buy
verb.
(RESi
Which tense do
What do you nol
verbs.
bring
wait
tike
1
become
2
Here is a recent report on raiI trave[. In each sentence, choose the best tense for the verb: present perfect
or present simple.
Look at each p
Example:
Train use in Brilain decreoses/@@j@@@@ significantty over the past 20 years. Today many more
people have/have had cars, and not as many use/hove used the train. The rail industry has a&o
chonged/atso changes.Iwenly years ago there was onty one rail operator - now lhere are/hove been
over 20. Although numbers of passengers go down/have gone down since 1980, fares rise/hove isen
faster than i nflation. The situation that foces/h as faced the government today is very serious.
2
3
The word square below has eight words or terms from the unit on Green Issues (took at pages 58-61
you). See if you can find them. Can you remember what they mean?
D
N
G
R
K
U
J
R
U
E
L
K
c
4
N
G
H
T
JR
IE
ES
50
TU
BR
DC
WE
ES
KP
Imagine it is the year 2100. Write a
report on your country's traffic and public
transport situation, and how it has changed
over the past 100 years. Exampte:
0
c
5
N
J
H
L
0
T
0
RP
VB
LN
RL
MR
OV
IM
TP
IO
CF
F
A
C
i
D
R
I
l'r
AM
5P
WY
BF
YU
ZM
TE
XS
ZB
NA
to
hetp
Look at the sen
Examp[e:
3
a If
b I,
t ir
dt1
eIf
fIf
gIf
hrf
aIf
brf
clf
drf
eIf
fif
gIf
Work in groups
and three possibte
Exam p[e:
a
4/
4t
tt
flc tra//it arolhn las aroun nrtl aor* ot,er
ilc /osi'rritt,ry. for cxånpk. tlerc arc nou
/00 ni//ron priuate tals ;h o/.r/ loa/s..
.
Compare your questj
Which group has the