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4/16/2015
Mark Smith M.S. Geoscientist Annette Evans Ph.D. Student at the University of Connecticut www.macroscopicsolutions.com
Troy Kimoto, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Bugwood.org
Overview
• Where is the EAB currently found in North America?
• What is currently being done about the EAB?
• Survey
• Control
• What can you do about the EAB
David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org
Howard Russell, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org
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EAB in North America:
24 States, 2 Canadian territories (and counting…Louisiana was the newest to find EAB ‐
February 2015)
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EAB in CT as of December, 2014…
Quarantine –
All of CT
2012
2013
Tolland Co.
Windham Co.
Litchfield Co.
2014
1st Detection Method
wasp
trap
survey
homeowner
N
Town Boundary
County Boundary
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0
5
10 Miles
1:750000
46 towns (and counting…)
From: Municipal EAB Management Series Your EAB Management Options vs. the "Death Curve" Jim Zwack, M.S., The Davey Institute
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Mark Smith M.S. Geoscientist Annette Evans Ph.D. Student at the University of Connecticut www.macroscopicsolutions.com
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4/16/2015
Purple Trap Survey
• Sticky purple prism “Barney” traps are hung in ash trees with manuka oil as an EAB attractant; checked every 2 weeks
• 2014 trapping focused exclusively on the 4 easternmost CT counties, as EAB had already been detected in the 4 westernmost counties.
• In 2014, purple traps detected the first new EAB infestations in Middlesex and New London counties; 6 towns overall
• Purple trap surveys will no longer occur in CT as CT is now under a full state quarantine.
Other Trapping Surveys
Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources ‐ Forestry Archive, Bugwood.org
Lindgren Funnel Trap
Girdled “Trap Tree”
(Trapping is for surveillance, not control)
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Biosurveillance
• Cerceris fumipennis – “the smokey‐winged beetle bandit”
• Small solitary wasp active in early ‐ mid summer
• Digs burrows in sandy soils – like baseball fields
• Specializes in catching beetles from the family Buprestidae
• EAB is a Buprestid…
• Scientists and citizen scientist “wasp watchers” collect captured beetles from Cerceris colonies
• Captured beetles are identified to see if any are invasives such as EAB
• Also a good opportunity to survey the diversity of Buprestids in CT…
Cerceris Colonies in CT:
Ball fields are great habitat for ground‐nesting wasps such as Cerceris
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Biocontrol
• Two parasitoid wasp species have been released yearly in the state since the detection of EAB in CT:
• Oobius agrilii, an egg parasitoid
• Tetrastichus planipennisi, a larval parasitoid
• Releases in 2013, 2014, and planned for 2015
• Wasps released in Michigan since 2007
• resulted in recoveries the following year • there are overwintering populations
• Establishment? Time will tell…
Biocontrol Releases in CT
Tetrastichus release – infected EAB larvae
Oobius release – infested EAB eggs
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David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org
(Don’t Panic!!!)
Step 0: Plan Ahead!
• Don’t wait; have a preparedness or response plan ready ahead of time
• Do you have a tree inventory?
• Remember: significant ash mortality begins about 2 years after a local EAB detection
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Step 1: Ash Identification and Tree Inventory
• Identify your ash trees • (If you can, ID other trees and do a tree inventory while you’re at it!)
• Take DBH (Diameter at Breast Height)
Keith Kanoti, Maine Forest Service, Bugwood.org
Step 1.5: “What’s an ash tree look like?”
• Opposite branching
T. Davis Sydnor, The Ohio State University, Bugwood.org
• “MAD Horse” – predominant opposite‐
branched trees are Maple, Ash, Dogwood, and Horsechestnut
• Pinnately compound leaves, usually with five to seven ‘leaflets’
• Seeds are winged samaras
• Bark on young trees is smooth; as the tree ages the bark becomes thick and ridged, with a diamond‐
like pattern.
Michigan Department of Agriculture, Bugwood.org
Richard Webb, Self‐employed horticulurist, Bugwood.org
*Paul Wray, Iowa State University
Brett Marshall, Sault College, Bugwood.org
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Step 2: Select Candidates For Preservation • Criteria to consider :
•
•
•
•
•
Health of tree
Tree’s value in landscape
Personal value – is it a memorial or champion tree?
Size of tree Cost of treatment vs. cost of removal
• Trees that are already in > 50% decline are not likely to respond to treatments
• Larger trees are more expensive to treat, and depending on location, more expensive to remove
• Removal may be more costly in the short run, but as treatments need to happen yearly, it may cost more in the long run
• Speak with a local arborist regarding treatment/removal options and cost
Steven Katovich, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
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4/16/2015
Step 3: Treat/Remove: Treatment
• It’s time to treat trees when EAB has been detected within 15 miles of your property
• “Present” and “detected” are separate –EAB will generally have been in an area for several years before it’s formally detected
• Trees that are < 20” DBH can be treated with products available to homeowners
• Larger trees will require a licensed arborist and specialized equipment to treat
• Hire a certified professional; ask for references
• According to current research, treatments should be applied yearly
• Most systemic treatments are applied in the spring; foliar treatments need to be timed with adult EAB emergence (400 –
450 growing degree days)
EAB Treatments:
For Homeowners:
For Professionals:
Reference: “Insecticide Options for Protecting Ash Trees from Emerald Ash Borer” by North Central IPM
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Step 3: Treat/Remove: Removal
• Trees that are not to be treated should be removed (harvested) prior to infestation, decline, and death
• Proactive removal reduces issue and cost of dealing with many dead/dying trees at once
• Ash deteriorates quickly after it dies; trees alongside streets or buildings pose hazard risk if left standing dead
(AP Photo/J.D. Pooley, File)
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Utilization of Harvested Ash Wood
• Lumber
• For trees with > 12 inches DBH, bole > 6 feet • If ash tree is already dead, has only been so for less than 1 year
• Mulch for home landscaping
• Art and/or furniture
• Donate cut wood to a local community organization
Illinois sawyer, Ron Myers, mills a log into lumber. Photo: Michele Beaulieux
• Raw materials are needed for civic projects (park benches, picnic tables, construction programs, Scout projects, etc.)
• Firewood
• Don’t move it; burn it locally
• For more ideas, visit the Illinois EAB Ash Wood Utilization Team website:
http://illinoisurbanwood.org/
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An Alternate Step 3: Do Nothing
• Only consider this option if the ash tree will not pose a hazard risk if/when it falls, i.e. it is in a woodlot, not in a yard or along a street
• Do nothing; EAB will eventually infest the tree and it will decline and die
• Standing dead trees (‘snags’) and fallen logs are normal and beneficial to an ecosystem as wildlife habitat:
• Nesting sites for birds
• Shelter for mammals
Pam Owen
Step 4: Replacement
• If desired, replace removed ash trees with non‐host trees (note: there is evidence that EAB may be able to infest White Fringetree)
• Planting a street or landscape diversely prevents large‐scale loss of trees from host‐specific pests
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Resources
• For the latest info on EAB biology, response plans, preparedness plans, a collection of current research, publications…www.emeraldashborer.info
• EAB Cost Calculator http://extension.entm.purdue.edu/treecomputer/
• CAES EAB Website:
www.ct.gov/caes/eab
• List of CTPA Members ‐ Licensed Arborists:
www.ctpa.org
Robert Vidéki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org
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