March 2015 connect the Mentoring, Networking, and Technology Edition Inside: 2I 5I 6I Integrating Technology Through a Mentoring Network Webinar: How To Evaluate Mentoring Book Review: Faculty Mentoring: The Power of Students in Developing Technology Expertise 7I 10 12 Is e-Mentoring Really Mentoring? The IMA Hope Richardson Dissertation Award Equipping and Enabling Next Generation Leaders for the Global Workplace 15 17 Webinar: Effective Mentoring – Building Tomorrow’s Leaders 20 21 Join the IMA today! Mentoring STEM Students through Social Media with SAGANet.org References References From the President “One machine can do the work of fifty ordinary men. No machine can do the work of one extraordinary man.” - Elbert Hubbard, American Author and Philosopher This edition of Connect is dedicated to Mentoring, Networking, and Technology. We live in a very exciting time where people aren’t isolated by their geographical location and are free to look for guidance from all over the world. New and developing technologies facilitate the mentoring process, making it easier than ever to share knowledge. This is especially evident in the articles printed in this edition. Mentoring program facilitators are thinking outside of the box to better their programs and further assist their mentees. Our world isn’t as large as it once was, and what had previously been unattainable is now well within our grasp. We must come together as mentoring professionals and create a global community of shared interests to further explore the possibilities of mentoring through technologies. It's easy to forget that accessibility to technology is recent, and not every generation is comfortable with implementing it into their programs. Those who aren’t comfortable utilizing technology should consider it as an opportunity for co-learning. Technology natives can assist the previous generations with implementation, and the previous generations can share knowledge and wisdom to the technology natives. The book review on page 6 introduces an older publication that explores this topic in depth. In keeping with the technology theme, the IMA is pleased to announce that we will now be offering monthly webinars hosted by professionals in the field. This month’s webinar, lead by Ann Rolfe, will focus on evaluating mentoring programs. The webinar in April, lead by Doug Lawrence, will introduce participants to mentoring tomorrow’s leaders. Previous webinars have been well attended by people representing countries from across the globe, and they fill up fast so be sure to secure your place early. The live webinar will be made available to anyone interested in attending, however the recording will be saved for IMA members only. The IMA’s yearly conference is right around the corner. If you have not yet done so and wish to attend, please register right away. Be aware that hotel rooms are filling up quickly. If you have already registered, we look forward to meeting you! Nora Dominguez President International Mentoring Association 1 Integrating Technology Through a Mentoring Network Norb Thomes In an effort to add mobile computing to the classroom, Winona State University used a mentoring network to spread the word. Since there were only four people in the department charged with disseminating tablets in a 1:1 initiative across a campus of over 8,000 students, it was decided to introduce tablets to the university in a controlled manner, beginning small, documenting the process, and using the newly experienced faculty to assist in the mentoring process. Background First Steps Winona State University (WSU) in Winona, Minnesota has been a one-to-one laptop school for over ten years. When smartphones became mainstream, this second device in the technology mix changed the way students worked; students brought them to class and used them to communicate, collaborate, research and access the Internet, expanding the world of knowledge and the learning environment. Winona State University includes an organization known as Teaching, Learning and Technology (TLT). TLT’s mission includes exploring new technologies as well as mentoring and training faculty and staff across the university. This mentoring and training is accomplished through workshops, seminars, one-on-one exchanges, online resources and several other methods. Given its mission, it only seemed appropriate that TLT be the mentoring organization for all tablet integration. The landscape changed again with the introduction of the tablet. Tablets are more portable than a laptop, loaded with highly-functional applications, and larger displays allowing for high-end visuals not possible on the smartphone. But does this third device have a place in higher education? Winona State University decided to run some tablet-based pilot programs to determine the educational value of tablet computers in a university environment. While the smartphone made its way into the classroom without university help, they were never considered a mainstream piece of the curriculum. Tablets, because they were being issued to the students by the university, would be treated as an essential part of the technology landscape, meaning faculty and students alike needed to be trained on how to incorporate them into their 2 daily educational work. Survey data and conversations between TLT, faculty and students around campus revealed that most understood the value of the tablet as an entertainment device but many struggled defining the educational value of the tool. This is where the training needed to be focused. Let the Mentoring Begin Six members of faculty were identified that were interested in piloting tablets as a means to transform teaching and learning. Faculty were identified as potential leaders of tablet pilots if they were well established at the university, known to be early adopters of new technology, and taught classes where technology could potentially transform learning. The faculty selected the sections to be used as tablet pilots and the university supplied 150 iPad 2’s for the faculty and students in the sections. A person in TLT was assigned the responsibility of working with the pilot faculty. Because communication is important to good mentoring, regular meetings were scheduled between the TLT representative and the pilot faculty to discuss using tablets in the curriculum, setting objectives, finding appropriate applications, attaining the desired outcomes and assessing success. In these meetings, the TLT representative served as a mentor to the professor, answering questions and guiding the flow of the pilot. Each pilot was documented in the WSU Knowledge Base wiki as a resource for future pilots. (All of the documented pilots can be seen here.) The following list recaps some of the activities conducted within the mentoring network: • A learning community comprised of faculty and staff that had an interest in using tablets in a higher-education environment. • • Large-group discussion of tablet-related topics that are of general interest around the campus. • Exercises on how tired, old projects can be redesigned using tablets and what applications work best to support the learning. • • Training in virtual classrooms faculty could attend from their offices or at home. Pilot faculty brought into a room full of faculty that had not used tablets in the classroom to discuss their experiences and answer questions. One-on-one meetings to mentor faculty interested in trying tablets. These additions to the mentoring network helped to efficiently get the word to other interested parties. However, spreading knowledge was limited to faculty members that came to events or discussed their questions with experienced pilots in their area of study. The network still needed to be expanded to include faculty that were not able or willing to attend the events or approach their colleagues. Spreading the Knowledge Even Further The first iPad pilot group included six faculty members with experience integrating tablets into the curriculum. However, since WSU has a full-time and adjunct faculty headcount of about 450, there was still much work to be done. Knowing that major growth was necessary to be successful, it was here that the mentoring network saw its first major expansion. The WSU Knowledge Base wiki is the home for information on many subjects within WSU, including technology, policy, organizations, university buildings and much more. As faculty, staff and students were accustomed to this wiki as a resource, it was the natural place to document the completed pilots. Accounting for differences in learning styles, videos were produced for selected pilots. These videos recapped the pilot, showed the students and faculty in action, listed some of the applications used and discussed the final outcomes. In the spring of 2013, a new, larger set of pilots was initiated. In this group consisting of 21 members, TLT did not supply all of the mentoring; instead, faculty who successfully piloted tablets in the previous term assisted new pilots in their own colleges. This set included several non-classroom pilots such as the Student Senate and the Winona Seniors United in Exercise (WSUE) Cardiac Rehabilitation laboratory. By this time, the group of tablet champions had grown well beyond the first six professors. Most were selfidentifying, coming to TLT with questions, ideas and enthusiasm. Working with these champions on a regular basis had multiple benefits, not the least of which is they became the mentors in their areas of the university. Besides the obvious advantage of more mentors in the network, these professors carried a deep knowledge of Building Interest Through the Expanding Mentoring Network 3 their program area and how teaching and learning could be transformed. In the beginning, these champions needed time and nurturing to develop as tablet experts but as time went on, they became independent and led the way in their departments. Currently, there is quality mentoring across campus. There are champions in every academic area. There are discussions around mobile technology and how it can be used. There are professors transforming teaching and learning. But the work is not done. TLT continues to add champions and focus the effort, repeating what has worked, in an effort to further grow the mentoring network. Summary Winona State University needed a way for a small number to mentor a much larger group of faculty. To make this possible, TLT employed an informal mentoring network. The keys to this network were: ¢ Start small, making conscious decisions about where to expend the limited resources. ¢ Enlist early adopters. They have built in enthusiasm and interest. ¢ Build champions. Nurture your early adopters and they will help you mentor the larger group. ¢ Find as many ways to mentor as resources will allow. Focus on what was most successful. ¢ Vary the methods of mentoring. Cater to as many learning styles as possible. ¢ Mentor across all levels of employees. Mentoring must happen at all levels, from president to adjunct, and each level needs unique care. ¢ Don’t give up. Keep pushing and keep mentoring. The pilot process began in the fall of 2012 with a humble set of six faculty in six course sections. When tablets were fully deployed to all faculty and students two years later, there were a over 200 faculty and 300 course sections using tablets in or out of the classroom. That is nearly half of the entire faculty at Winona State University and about one out of every six sections offered. TLT plans to continue working with faculty, nurturing success within the faculty that have adopted tablets, encouraging them to move tablets into more of their sections and support their colleagues in trying new technologies. Norb Thomes, PhD, is a Learning Systems and Service coordinator at Winona State University, in Winona, Minnesota, United States. He has been a member in this education and training community for about 20 years, serving as an adjunct and full-time faculty member with Teaching, Learning, and Technology Services. His responsibilities include assisting faculty with the learning management system, but he is not called the tablet evangelist for no reason. Dr. Thomes spends much of his day promoting the use of tablets in education, assisting in the design of expanded curriculum, and playing with the latest applications. He holds a M.Ed. and Ph.D. in Educational Leadership, from Iowa State University, and a B.S. in Computer Science from the University of Wisconsin, La Crosse. Before joining higher education, Dr. Thomes spent time as a computer programmer, software trainer, web designer, marketing specialist, and business owner. 4 Webinar: How To Evaluate Mentoring by Ann Rolfe Wednesday, March 18, at 2:00 pm MST (Thursday, March 19, at 7:00 am AEDT) How effective is your mentoring program? What people are gaining from mentoring? Are there ways to improve participants’ experience and outcomes? Ready to attend? Click Here. With ever-increasing demands on resources, it is critical that mentoring is shown to have a positive impact on the organization that invests in it, as well as the people involved. I’ve been helping organizations design and implement mentoring programs since 1994. I have worked with mentors and those who are mentored in Australia and overseas. I have reviewed many mentoring programs and seen what works and what doesn’t. In this complimentary webinar you will discover the answer to three key questions: 1. What return on investment can reasonably be expected from mentoring? 2. Can you put “hard” measures on “soft” values? 3. What and how can you evaluate? International Time Zones We’ve picked a time that works for most IMA members located in USA and Canada and we apologize if this is not convenient for you. We broadcast live from Sydney, Australia so check your local time. Once you register for the webinar, you will receive reminders 1 day and 1 hour before the start. These will show Australian Eastern Daylight Time (AEDT) NOT the time in your location. The reminders have an “add to calendar” link. If you use a computer-based organiser, this will add the webinar to your schedule at the correct time in your location. Alternatively, check your local time here. Technology Requirements You can participate on a computer that has speakers, a smart phone or tablet with a high-speed internet connection. If you don’t have speakers on your computer, you can still watch online and listen by dialling in on your phone. The number will be in your confirmation and reminder emails. If you have not been on a webinar using Citrix GoToWebinar before, you may need to download the software or an app to participate. Please do this ahead of the scheduled time, so you don’t miss the start. Interactive Participation Mentoring is all about producing better outcomes for individuals and organizations. So, if you want to ensure that yours does, register for the webinar: How To Evaluate Mentoring, Wednesday 18 March at 4pm EST (7am Thursday 19th Sydney time, AEDT). Broadcasting live from Sydney, Australia so check your local time. IMPORTANT! If you haven’t been on one of our webinars before, please continue reading the details that will guide you. Our webinars are designed for a high level of engagement. Here’s how you can participate: — You will be able to type in questions and comments at anytime. Only the webinar facilitator will see these. Ann responds to these at intervals, during the webinar. — There will be polls where a question with multiple-choice responses will appear. You are able to choose an answer with a click of your 5 mouse/touch on your screen on smart phone or tablet. Results are collated and shared onscreen. — If you have a microphone, when you arrive at the webinar it will be muted automatically. GoToWebinar will tell you “you are in listenonly mode”. If you “put your hand up” the facilitator may unmute your microphone so you can speak and everyone can hear you. However, due to the large numbers we have online for these webinars, we probably won’t have time to do this. — Of course, you are welcome to just sit back and listen! We do recommend that you take some notes during the webinar and especially Faculty Mentoring: The Power of Students in Developing Technology Expertise Book Review by Holly Caulder Faculty Mentoring: The Power of Students in Developing Technology Expertise by Ismail Sahin, Hsueh-Hua Chuang, and Ann Thompson is a nonfiction text focusing on integrating technology into K-12 and higher education environments. The authors use a historical background of the faculty technology mentoring program, as well as several theories and technology mentoring program trends in the literature to drive their research. All of these aspects combined enable them to create a mentoring program that strives to integrate instructional technology into teaching. The diffusion theory, change theory, and theory of goal-setting are described in the work. Together these theories create a collaborative learning environment for faculty members and students, fostering a community. Participants from previous semesters share their knowledge and experiences while current mentors and mentees engage with others in the program via large-group meetings and celebrations. Establishing a community in this program helped faculty realize their work was important to the Center for Technology in Learning and Teaching (CTLT) mission. This way, faculty members were provided with the opportunity to try new instructional technologies and receive the proper support they needed to integrate technology in the classroom. that you identify your key takeaways and actions at the end. Joining The Webinar The confirmation you receive when you register, as well as the reminders you get one day and one hour before the start time, have the link you click to join the webinar. So save one of these to use. Make sure you have the free Citrix software or app installed ahead of time. I recommend you join 10 minutes before the start time, just in case. Ann Rolfe will be online at this time and is available to have a chat before the start. - Ann Rolfe IMA Board Member, author, and founder of Mentoring Works One of the interesting aspects of this program was that the mentors were individuals who were more experienced with technology and the mentees were those with less experience. This highlights the fact that mentoring relationships do not always have to be older individuals mentoring younger individuals. Thompson’s research found that younger generations were more experienced with technological devices, creating a situation where it may be more beneficial to have younger individuals being the mentors. This program also increased instructors’ ability to assist future students, and gave the chance for students to fully engage with their instructors as they were able to recognize common difficulties that teachers may experience. The authors of this text were able to recognize that in the age of increased teacher turnover, training and mentoring in technology skills can prepare and create confident instructors for the classroom. This is important as it has been found that students are able to perform better when instructors use relevant technology and constructivist-teaching methods. Although this is an older publication, it is a must read for teachers and professionals who struggle with technology in the classroom. This book can be used as a case study for educators to reference when implementing their own programs. This book is available to purchase online, or viewed as an eBook through your local University library within the United States. Product details include: • Publisher: Information Age Publishing (December 20, 2006) • Language: English • ISBN-10: 1593115717 • ISBN-13: 978-1593115715 6 Is e-Mentoring Really Mentoring? Nancy Philippart D ecades of mentoring research confirm that mentors support their mentees in three general ways – through vocational assistance, psychosocial support and role modeling. These types of support have been found in traditional mentoring relationships – those in which an experienced executive guides a high potential junior associate in how to be successful within the same organization. Today, this traditional model is becoming less relevant as globalization and technology change the way people work and lead. A new, more germane mentoring model enabled by technology has emerged to meet the needs of people who are more mobile and geographically dispersed. Referred to as e-mentoring, this mentoring involves little to no face-to-face interactions, with partners using various modes of technology to communicate and engage in the mentorship. Although e-mentoring has several advantages over traditional mentoring, the absence of regular face-to-face interactions requires different strategies to develop an effective mentoring relationship. The virtual nature of the relationship means that mentors and mentees must not only determine the appropriate technologies for communication, but how to leverage these technologies to understand and make each other’s business and work contexts explicit. Partners must learn to virtually work across geographical boundaries and often functional, organizational and cultural ones as well. If the mentorship is global, national culture and gender differences in the business context introduce additional complexities. Mentors must find virtual ways to ‘observe’ the mentee in action without being physically present. Overcoming these challenges is not insignificant and begs the question of whether e-mentoring is really mentoring. Given the qualitative differences between virtual and face-toface mentoring, can e-mentors really provide the same types of mentoring support as mentors in traditional mentorships? Little research is available on how e-mentors support their mentees, although some practitioners argue that vocational and psychosocial support as well as role modeling can occur in e-mentorships. Understanding these mentoring functions and the underlying strategies of how e-mentors apply them in their mentoring relationships is an important focus of my work. Data to address this question was collected as part of a larger global e-mentoring study that investigated the impact of virtual distance on e-mentorship effectiveness. The research sample consisted of mentors and mentees in global mentorships facilitated by Menttium, a mentoring service and support organization. Menttium matches high potential female mentees, sponsored by their organizations, with male or female executives in other organizations who volunteer as mentors to support the development of emerging female talent. Formal programs are in place for one year. A global mentorship is one in which the mentor and mentee have different national origins and work in different countries, meaning that partners are geographically distant, culturally diverse and embedded in different national and organizational contexts. Most mentees and mentors in global relationships are not able to meet face-to-face so conduct their year-long mentorships virtually, thus providing an excellent opportunity to explore the types of mentoring that occur in an exclusively virtual context. 7 Mentors and mentees were questioned (quantitatively and qualitatively) about the types of mentoring occurring within their relationships. Mentoring functions typically include the five vocational assistance roles of coach, challenge, sponsor, expose and protect, the three psychosocial support roles of counsel, accept and befriend and that of role model. Since mentors and mentees in this study were from different organizations, four of the five vocational support roles were not applicable. An e-mentor may coach a mentee on how to enlist others to sponsor, challenge, protect or expose, but cannot directly provide these functions from outside the organization; for this reason, coaching was the only vocational assistance function measured. The other functions were excluded, not because of the virtual nature of the mentorship but because of the organizational distance between partners. The three psychosocial support functions of counseling, acceptance and friendship and the role model function were independent of organizational affiliation and included in the survey. Survey results clearly showed that vocational assistance, psychosocial support and role modeling occurred in virtual mentorships. Of greater interest is how e-mentors provided these types of support. Follow-up interviews with a subset of e-mentors offered rich insight on the various ways that they virtually provided these mentoring functions to their mentees. Coaching was defined as a mentor’s ability to help the mentee learn other areas of business, develop strategies to achieve her career aspirations, prepare for advancement, provide feedback on her job performance and give advice on how to attain recognition in her organization. Given that mentors and mentees worked in different countries, different organizations and often different industries and functions, e-mentors recognized that to effectively coach means finding ways to understand their mentees’ business and work contexts. There were many ways they did this. A common technique was to ask for descriptions of “a typical day”, mentee’s role in organization, decision making authority, responsibilities, relationships with boss and co-workers, biggest challenges. Asking questions and active listening allowed e-mentors to develop a mental picture of the mentee’s work context. Mentors frequently augmented this self-reported data with organization charts, organizational mission statements and goals, process flows, etc. provided by the mentee. Other ways to better understand context included researching the mentee’s company’s business performance and challenges prior to first meeting, requesting the mentee do a Skype tour of her work environment or initiating a short call with the mentee’s supervisor. These techniques enhanced the mentor’s ability to coach across geographical, organizational and even industrial and functional boundaries. e-Mentors helped their mentees learn about other areas of business by sharing their own experiences, networking them with colleagues in other functions and providing resource materials. Mentees frequently provided leadership assessment data from 360 degree feedback, DiSC and performance reviews to help their mentors understand their competencies, strengths and areas for development. This gave the e-mentor other sources of data to understand the mentee’s current state and strategize with her on future career directions, how to attain recognition and what might be required for future advancement. “My mentee has become a respected colleague” One of the greatest challenges for e-mentors, given that they were external to the mentee’s organization, was how to “observe her in action to provide performance feedback. Here, e- mentors were creative in the approaches they used. Mentors virtually observed mentees leading staff meetings or conducting operations management meetings. Other mentors reviewed samples of their mentees’ work – presentations, reports, agendas. One mentor watched her mentee practice an important management presentation via Skype to give feedback. Sometimes a ‘quasi-role play’ technique was used whereby a mentor listened to the mentee describe how she might handle a situation and then both reflected on outcomes that might be achieved with this approach. Friendship functions provided by the mentor included being someone the mentee could trust and confide in, providing support and encouragement and interacting socially, not just professionally. e-Mentors stressed the importance of getting to know their mentees personally at the beginning of the relationship. Mentors reviewed the mentee profile information and used the structured ‘getting to know each other’ process outlined in Menttium’s orientation materials. Partners discussed their personal lives and shared pictures of families, friends and pets. Mentoring sessions often began with “catch up” time during which each partner shared personal and professional updates since the last session. 8 The best testimony to the presence of friendship in these mentorships was the high rate of maintaining contact that occurred after the conclusion of the formal program. Statements like “my mentee has become a respected colleague” and “we still keep in touch after 5 years” demonstrate the presence of friendship. e-Mentors described themselves as “sounding boards” in helping their mentees reason through solutions to challenges. Again, the technique of question and listen was regularly employed. Mentors also cited the sharing of their own experiences as a means of providing another perspective. Acceptance was defined as the mentor’s ability to see his or her mentee as competent and professional. e-Mentors provided acceptance by learning about the mentee’s capabilities, education, background and experiences; they gathered this knowledge through questioning and listening and through information provided in the mentee profile, resume, shared assessments and performance reviews. Mentors gained valuable insight from their mentees by the way they organized and led each mentoring session. Finally, e-mentors’ comments on how much they learned during the mentorship demonstrate acceptance and acknowledgement of their mentees as a competent professional. Role modeling, the ability for a mentor to model executive behavior and provide a useful guide for the mentee to identify with and/or aspire to is arguably the most difficult mentoring function to provide virtually. Yet e-mentors still found creative ways to do this. Mentors shared stories of their experiences, challenges and opportunities. One mentor provided the same leadership assessment results (360 degree, DiSC, etc.) that he asked of his mentee and together they discussed what this meant for each of them. In another case, a mentee observed her mentor conduct a virtual meeting with her international staff. This provided a real-time demonstration of how to effectively lead a culturally diverse staff, virtually. Counseling was defined as the guidance a mentor provided the mentee for professional and personal development, being someone that a mentee could share or explore ideas with and in turn, share his or her own experiences. Most issues and challenges discussed between mentors and mentees were professional in nature although worklife balance and stress management were two topics that overlapped the realm of personal development. “Is e-mentoring really mentoring?” The answer is a definitive yes. e-Mentors have found creative and effective strategies to virtually provide their mentees with coaching, friendship, acceptance, counseling, and even role modeling and have shown that e-mentoring is a viable approach to global talent development. Nancy Philippart received her PhD in Industrial & Systems Engineering from Wayne State University’s Global Executive Track program in May, 2014 after 30 years as an engineer and global business executive in the automobile industry. She has extensive experience in international management and operations, product development, strategic planning and new venture start-ups. Her operational experience includes starting and leading a $1 billion revenue international business unit as well as managing global vehicle programs. No longer with the auto industry, Nancy co-founded Belle Michigan, an early stage investment fund that provides capital, resource and expertise to women owned and led start-ups. She is a consultant to new business ventures and is currently on the boards of several start-up companies. Nancy also teaches in the Engineering Masters Management and MBA programs at Wayne State University. Nancy is passionate about education and female leadership development. She is an elected official in her community and serves as the President of its Board of Education as well as the Board Chair of the Girl Scouts of Southeastern Michigan, a council that supports leadership development of 30,000 K-12 girls. She also holds leadership roles in the Women Official’s Network and International Women’s Forum. Nancy has mentored professional women through Menttium for over 20 years with much of her mentoring occurring virtual and outside the U.S. Her experience both as a global e-leader and e-mentor and interest in female leadership prompted her interest in e-mentoring research. 9 The IMA Hope Richardson Dissertation Award The IMA Hope Richardson Dissertation Award is given to foster and disseminate research in the practice of workplace learning and performance. It is presented to the person who has submitted the best doctoral dissertation for which a degree has been granted. The committee reserves the right to not issue the award should none of the submissions be deemed worthy. Criteria 1. The dissertation must report a study for which a doctoral degree was granted in the previous two years of the IMA Conference between January 1 and December 31 in even numbered years. I.e. 2014, 2016, 2018. 2. The study must focus on some issue of relevance to the practice of mentoring, its application or evaluation to include higher education, business and industry, government, or youth based mentoring program. 3. All research methodologies will be considered on an equal basis, including, for example, field-, laboratory-, quantitative-, and qualitativeinvestigations. 4. The candidate must be recommended and sponsored by his or her committee chair. A committee chair may nominate more than one candidate who meets the criteria. 5. All materials must be in English, in PDF or Word format and submitted by email attachments. Submissions must adhere to the format prescribed below. 6. Current IMA Board of Directors are ineligible to submit. Submission Requirements Incomplete applications will not be processed or eligible for consideration. The application must be in PDF or Word format, and be sent via email attachment identified by your first initial and last name followed by imadissawrd. Example: jsmith.imadissawrd. Letter of application from candidate which includes a description of the dissertation not to exceed 120 words. The candidate is to include a separate cover sheet that contains the candidate’s contact information, including work and home address, telephone numbers, and email address. A recommendation from applicant’s committee chair sent in email form from email address of the academic institution as an attachment and also by US mail on institution letterhead with the dissertation completion date noted in the letter to the IMA’s Hope Richardson Dissertation Award to Nancy Phenis-Bourke, Hope Richardson Chairperson: 6471 S. Fox Chase, Pendleton, IN 46064. Abstraction of the dissertation The abstraction must not exceed ten (10) single-spaced pages including abstraction, figures, tables, and references. Using 1-inch margins; 10-point font, pages numbered, APA, and no author identification in the document body, header, or footer of manuscript. Submissions that exceed the page limitations or do not adhere to the required format will not be considered. The abstraction should include: 1. Introduction 1) Summary of the problem 2) Purpose of the study and rationale (why is it important?) 3) Critique of relevant literature 2. Research Design and/or Methodology 1) Sample selection 2) Instrumentation and/or interview protocol 3) Data collection and analysis procedures 10 3. Results and Findings 1) For quantitative studies, provide sufficient statistics, including power, significance, effect size, and strength of relationship. 2) For qualitative studies, provide a concise analysis resulting from sufficient methodological rigor. 4. Discussion 1) Strengths of the research 2) Limitations of the research. • Strengths and limitations may address the following topics: 1. Why was the overall design chosen a “good” (i.e., methodologically rigorous and appropriate) design? 2. What measurement and analysis problems did you encounter, and how did you resolve them? 3. Threats to validity. 5. Implications for Practice and Research Particular attention will be given to those studies that thoroughly discuss the significance of the findings to the practice of workplace learning and performance. The award winner will receive • Commemorative plaque presented at the awards ceremony during the IMA Conference. • $1000 cash prize to be used for conference travel and expenses. • Designated place on the conference program to present the research. • Announcement of the award and a summary of the findings in IMA publications and on the Website. • All nominees will receive a 1-year paid membership in the International Mentoring Association with all benefits. Entries must be received by midnight January 1 of even number year award is presented. No exceptions. Send entries to: Nancy S. Phenis-Bourke, Ed.D. Chair, IMA Hope Richardson Dissertation Award Committee [email protected] 6471 S. Fox Chase, Pendleton, IN 46064 Mobile: 765.621.2471. 11 Equipping and Enabling Next Generation Leaders for the Global Workplace Rachel Cleveland and Billy Johnson Introduction In a study on college graduates recently released from Gallup- Purdue University, researchers found “that the type of schools these college graduates attended hardly matters at all to their workplace engagement and current well-being” (Ray & Kafka, 2014, p. 2). Rather than having a degree from a certain type of college, they discovered there was a strong correlation between a college graduate being engaged in the workplace and them having a strong, positive college experience that allowed them to be ‘more employable’. The data suggests that where work engagement and well-being are concerned, “the answers may lie in what students are doing in college and how they are experiencing it” (Ray & Kafka, 2014, p. 2). This study strongly supports the need for programs like the Professional Leadership Program, as an integral part of preparing our future workforce and world leaders. Program Background The Professional Leadership Program (PLP) at the University of North Texas (UNT) began in 1994 by the Dean for the College of Business at the time. He had a vision to shift the paradigm from a classroom-only learning experience for business students, to one that was experiential based and included essential developing skills and competencies for the marketplace. Over the course of the past twenty-one years, PLP has evolved from a leadership program focused on a select group of business students with around 20 participants receiving limited exposure to business and not for profit leaders, to what is now a diverse program with over 115 participants representing 8 of the 11 colleges on campus. This past year PLP had 80 student participants, broken down into 70% business majors and 30% non-business. Of this population, 35% were from various continents around the world, and spoke a variety of languages and dialects with English as a second language. Now with more than one thousand alumni in the profit and not for profit sectors across the DFW marketplace, PLP students are representing every industry and field of study. Through PLP, students are presented with opportunities to network, prepare for internships and full-time employment, and engage with experts in their related industries through mentoring relationships. Each student is assigned a mentor from their respective field of academic or career interest for the one year they are involved with the program. The mentor/mentee matches meet in person or via conference call or video, every four to six weeks. While strong employment opportunities are a goal of the program, the driving principles are to help students gain skills, knowledge, and a servant leadership mentality, thus equipping them to enter into their career with the ability to lead and succeed. This is done through weekly expert content delivery, building mentoring relationships with program mentors, and developing lifelong friendship with other program members. These unique 12 qualities and balance of in-classroom curriculum with outside mentors is what makes PLP distinctive across the higher education program offerings. group exercises that expose the students to best practices. The program also benefits from an advisory board to help with mentor recruitment, curriculum development, and other program needs that may occur throughout the year. Program Structure The program delivery model requires the students to attend classes every Wednesday from 4- 6 pm for the entire academic calendar year, select on-campus presentations, participate in planned off-campus business networking, and experientially based field trips throughout the year. The class time each week is split between a business case study project and content delivery. The students engage for the first hour on a real-world case developed for our program from an outside consulting firm. Each week student teams work to solve one step of a critical thinking process, in order to eventually present to the “CEO” of the company with their conclusions. This exercise is meant to promote team leadership, engage them in diverse communications with other students not in their major, to develop presentation skills, along with providing them opportunities to practice critical thinking in a safe environment. Following this hour, the week’s topic is then presented by subject matter experts. Our leadership team is comprised of two full time university staff members, eight student leaders with many being PLP scholarship recipients, and of course our mentors. Each student applies to participate in the program, interviews and is selected on an individual basis from PLP stakeholders to be granted membership. Once selected, every student is then assigned a mentor for one academic year. Typically matches are based on their future career aspirations or their declared field of study. These mentors come from the Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) area, and are highly successful professionals in their respective industries. In order to be considered for the PLP students must submit an online application of basic information, be a junior, senior or graduate student at UNT, have a minimum GPA of 3.25, and be recommended by two UNT faculty/ staff/ or campus student leader. Students must apply in the spring to participate in the academic year-long program which begins every fall semester. Once the online application closes, applicants are assigned an interview conducted by two PLP stakeholders. Students are recruited for their current display of leadership capabilities, their standard of excellence, potential for growth and coachable mentality. Other program functions include strategic planning and an advisory board function. As a leadership team we establish developmental goals for the academic year, based upon each entering PLP class and all members of the staff and student leaders help to accomplish those goals. The overall purpose of these goals is to provide a compliment of experiential learnings through class lectures from topic experts, panels, and Facilitators and Content Delivery The goal of equipping and enabling our next generation leaders is twofold. A large portion of how this is accomplished starts with high quality content and innovative curriculum delivered by best in class facilitators. Our facilitators are “subject matter experts” from a variety of industries and not-for-profit sectors across the DFW marketplace. Our professionals have businesses that are national and international in scope, while our not-for-profit professionals come from high impact organizations, with sustainable models and a proven record of investing in the broader North Texas Community. Exposure to both provides our students with an opportunity to learn not only the theoretical side of management and leadership but also the experiential. During the course of the academic year these facilitators present content on a wide array of topics addressing professional development and life skills. The subject matter ranges from ethics, global awareness, emotional intelligence, and negotiating skills to servant leadership, social entrepreneurialism, and organizational culture. In the normal course of the year we offer 30 classes, through a combination of presentations, panels, and group exercises. Each topic presented has specific learning objectives and learning methodology, along with an online evaluation of the facilitator and reflection component. These classes and experiences are offered as part of the program structure, not a “for credit” course. The PLP student then has embraced the value proposition from the program of experience, exposure, and collaboration. This delivery model, our ability to be intellectually adaptive, and continue to be innovative in our class experiences, is a key to our relevance and stainability as a program. A balance of these learning and development approaches provides our next generation leaders with the necessary tools and competencies to be effective as individual contributors, subject matter experts, and inevitably leaders of our global workforce. 13 Mentoring Experience Mentors for PLP are volunteers recruited from the private, public, and not-for-profit sectors across the DFW marketplace, which is the 4th largest financial sector in the world. This exposure to a diverse group of companies and industries provides our students with a wide range of experiences and expertise. The mentor/ mentee assignment is a one-year relationship that correlates with the student participant requirements as laid out previously. We assign our mentors using the following filters: academic majors of the mentee, current and past professional experience of the mentor, academic background of the mentors, personality and personal preferences. In a study of mentoring research conducted by Sipe and Public/ Private Ventures, it was found that mentoring has many advantages for the mentor as well as the student or what is often referred to as reverse mentoring. Youth participating in a mentor relationship “experienced fewer unexcused absences from school, demonstrated more positive attitudes toward school, and were more likely to pursue higher education” than those who did not have mentors involved in their lives (Sipe, 1996). One mentor for PLP, Sharon Senna with Fidelity Investments, describes her experience as extremely rewarding. “To invest in a student’s success through sharing your insights and experiences is an honor. As with most things in life, the success of a mentoring relationship is a result of both parties approaching the experience with passion, commitment, honesty, and remembering to have fun along the journey” (Senna, Personal Interview). Mentoring is not a one-sided experience. It is mutually beneficial to all parties involved and is what makes our program even more valuable to both mentors and students in equipping them for life experiences. Closing Remarks While there is research available for the benefits of mentoring, the theories of leadership, and the impact it can have on young adults, there is very limited data on college-aged student mentoring specifically for career preparation. We are thankful to have a program dedicated to the development of our future leaders, but we also understand the responsibility to share our structure, program curriculum, and outcomes with others in order to reach the next generation. The burden of equipping and enabling them to be leaders is not something solely found in the classroom. It is found through mentoring relationships, building a servant leadership mentality, and providing them core workplace competencies. References on page 21 Rachel Cleveland currently serves as the Assistant Director for the Professional Leadership Program within the College of Business. Prior to joining the UNT family, Rachel served as the Director of Selection for a financial firm in the Dallas area. She spent two years recruiting and developing intern and full time candidates for careers in the financial industry. Rachel holds a Bachelors of Business Administration from Belmont University in Nashville, Tennessee, where she was involved with the music industry during and following her college years. Following her time in the industry, Rachel moved back to Dallas to further her education and better equip herself for the fulfillment of her passion: serving college students. She completed her Masters of Education in Higher Education Administration at Dallas Baptist University in 2010 and is currently pursuing her Doctorate in Education from the University of North Texas with interest in studying and understanding the affects of mentoring on college students. Billy E. Johnson is the Executive Director of the Professional Leadership Program (PLP). Under Billy’s leadership, the vision is to grow the program by 35% annually and be able to serve more than 250 students in year 2018, from various Academic disciplines, and to become a national model for student leadership programs. Billy comes to UNT from Deloitte Services, where he served in his last assignment as National Talent Director on the Deloitte University PMO, and as a Liaison to the Global Learning & Talent Development Organization. Prior to this assignment, he served as the National Talent Director for the Audit Practice of Deloitte & Touche LLP. In this role, he was part of a Team of Talent Professionals that delivered a variety of HR services & products to Client Service Professionals in the largest professional services organization in the world. Billy is a graduate of Pepperdine University where he received his Masters Degree in Public Administration, and he completed his undergraduate studies in Political Science at California State University - Northridge. Billy serves on local and national boards and has served as a Mentor for PLP for 5 years. 14 Webinar: Effective Mentoring – Building Tomorrow’s Leaders How effective mentoring can help develop future leaders Wendesday, April 15 2015 3:00 pm mst T he Effective Mentoring –Building Tomorrow’s Leaders webinar will introduce participants to effective mentoring and how it can shape tomorrow’s leaders. This one-hour webinar will touch on the various qualities of an effective mentor and how that can help it the development of future leaders. Learning objectives: • Understand and be able to explain the mentoring process, the mentor role and the benefits that can be achieved for an individual. • Fine tune communication skills required by a mentor. • Learn the importance of an ethical code in mentoring. • Understand how mentoring shapes future leaders. About the presenter: Doug Lawrence is the founder of TalentC® a Human Resources solution provider. He has over 30 years of mentoring and leadership experience in federal, provincial and private sector environments and is recognized as a thought leader in the mentoring space. Doug was instrumental in launching the first Provincial Human Resources mentoring program in Saskatchewan and is now working as an Advisor with HRMAM (Manitoba) for their Human Resources Mentoring Program. TalentC’s®Accredited Mentor Training Program was recently recognized by HR.com in the 2014 Leadership 500 Excellence Awards and was ranked 4th in the International Leadership Partner and Provider category. For more information, or to join the webinar, please email Emily Wright at [email protected] 15 Is it time to update your mentoring library? Visit http://www.infoagepub.com/series/Perspectives-on-Mentoring and type in the code IMA2015 to receive 20% off. This code will work for anything on the Information Age Publishing website. w Books of Note Uncovering the Cultural Dynamics in Mentoring Programs and Relationships; Enhancing Practice and Research Mentoring for the Professions; Orienting Toward the Future Global Perspectives on Mentoring; Transforming Contexts, Communities and Cultures Creating Successful Telementoring Programs The Organizational and Human Dimensions of Successful Mentoring Programs and Relationships It pays to be a member of the IMA. 16 Mentoring STEM Students through Social Media with SAGANet.org by Emma Miller As school districts seek new ways to engage their Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) students and create a passion for the sciences, the organization SAGANet.org (Social Action for Grassroots Astrobiology Network) works with both schools and scientist-mentors from all over the world by partnering them to teach and inspire students through an online platform. SAGANet is a collection of scientists, students, journalists, educators and science enthusiasts linked together in an online environment of shared learning. We envision a world where continuous, genuine scientific learning and engagement by the general public is a cultural norm and where the divide between professional scientists and members of the larger community is bridged by regular personal interaction between the two. SAGANet.org was developed to fill a previously unoccupied niche by using the World Wide Web and providing a science-focused social environment based around the broad and interdisciplinary field of astrobiology as well as other STEM disciplines. Astrobiology is a discipline that is best represented as a scientific framework allowing different STEM disciplines to interact under one common goal, which is to better understand if we are or are not alone in the universe. Astrobiologists are trained in diverse STEM disciplines that range from biology, physics, geology, astronomy, microbiology, genetics, planetary science, evolution, engineering and chemistry to name a few of the many STEM related fields. SAGANet has found that astrobiology provides an attractive theme which generates excitement about science in K-12 youths. In addition, it provides a simultaneous broad range of STEM disciplines within which to engage students. SAGANet mentoring leverages social media and is inspired by the “Big Questions” of Astrobiology: How did life originate? Are we alone? How common is life in the universe? What is the future of humanity? Astrobiology is the study of the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe. SAGANet is an international community that engages its members through SAGAN Live: Talk to an Astrobiologist, Astrobiology seminars, Conference and Public Event broadcasts, and international groups (India, New Zealand, and South America). In addition, SAGANet offers discussion groups on a variety of topics. The SAGANet community demographics contains a membership of 1,120 (686 USA, 434 International).1 • Students: 577 • Scientists: 499 • Educators: 199 • Outreach coordinators: 64 • Journalist: 29 • Science communicator: 180 • Science enthusiasts: 471 SAGANet has found a way to connect STEM students and scientists who are found everywhere by leveraging technology. However, technology and scientists still encounter barriers in trying to engage in STEM outreach. These barriers include time, funding, knowledge, training, institutional disincentive, and professional stigma/ “Sagan Effect”. For more than half of the scientists, lack of time is the most insurmountable barrier to doing more outreach.2 Inadequate distribution of knowledge about outreach opportunities forces scientists 17 to expend considerable effort to create or locate existing outreach options. Scientists experience a widely perceived “Sagan Effect” or professional stigma attached to spending too much time translating one’s research to the broader public.3 The barriers for the public to engage in informal STEM learning are time, access, cost, location, and interest. One way SAGANet has been able to assist scientists in conducting outreach is by creating mentoring partnerships. N " has all changed in the 21st century as learning techniques evolve to accommodate students’ different approach to learning. As previously mentioned, traditional mentors come from within the organization; however, now mentors can come from around the world. These new mentors require not only technology to reach out to STEM students but also an understanding of diverse cultures. Understanding diverse culture is taught during the New Mentor’s training prior to mentoring students. An understanding of the culture not only makes for successful mentoring but it also helps to build relationships because students feel they are understood and are more comfortable being mentored. o longer limited to local or domestic scientists, students have the ability to ask questions regarding the particular area of science they would like to explore more of by partnering with specialized scientists." Mentoring continues to become a critical component to school districts and higher education.4 In fact, mentoring has been found to help reduce the attrition of students. When you think of mentoring, you envision a face-to-face session being conducted where the student and the mentor are physically in the same room. Traditionally, mentors come from within the organization; however, in the 21st century, students are now learning in ways never imagined thanks to advances made in virtual technologies. This can truly be seen in social media where academics and personal lives are becoming intertwined. As a result, Science Technology Engineering and Math (STEM) mentoring is embracing social media in its efforts to promote the sciences in school districts.5 Understanding this, SAGANet is leveraging a new method of communication to mentor its students using a virtual environment. Traditionally, mentoring requires collaboration through partnerships in order to form a mentoring relationship.6 SAGANet partners students with mentors that are graduates as well as Ph.D. professional scientists in the STEM fields from not only the United States but around the world. Students are traditionally mentored in a face-to-face environment either during or after school hours. Mentors are often those individuals that have seniority and extensive experience within the organization or area of study. This Mentoring students in an online environment means that they will be mentored using virtual technology. Virtual technologies allow for an unprecedented opportunity for students to cultivate their interest in STEM because students are able to connect with scientists from around the world. No longer limited to local or domestic scientists, students have the ability to ask questions regarding their particular area of science they would like to explore more of by partnering with specialized scientists. Global connectedness allows STEM students to learn from professional scientists which otherwise they might not have access to. Students are not the only ones who learn from the mentoring partnership; mentors also learn from their mentees. Mentors learn to better communicate by using this new technology environment and by exploring diverse cultural backgrounds which traditionally would not occur due to limited outreach resources. Currently, SAGANet is working with two programs that are mentoring partnerships. The first one involves pairing scientists with deeply at-risk youth at the Pittsburg Community School in Pittsburg, CA and the second program involves families from the Kyrene del Cielo Elementary School in Chandler, AZ. These two programs are very different models for scientist who are mentoring through a virtual platform called Fuze®. Mentoring for the Pittsburg Community School is done during formal school hours while the Kyrene del Cielo Elementary School works with the elementary students and their families as part of an informal school program outside of the standard curriculum. SAGANet mentoring allows students, families, and mentors to meet and see each other at an agreed predetermined time to discuss their STEM projects. The logistics of matching mentors and mentees has proven to be an intensive time commitment. This was resolved by utilizing surveys and working with teachers to find the best fit for mentor-mentee pairs. In working with the Discovery Room, the mentors were paired with families based on availability for regular meetings. In the case of the Pittsburg program, a similar model was implemented. Here the mentors were selected based on most convenient time for the mentor and the teacher. In summary, mentoring has evolved in many ways. It has evolved from a traditional face-to-face physical meeting to a virtual environment. In addition, mentors no longer come from within 18 the organization but rather can come from all over the world. Technology has been able to remove the barriers of traditional face-to-face relationships and has created a much more diverse and rich environment for both the mentee and mentor. STEM students are now able to learn about themselves, develop new relationships, and have greater opportunities to experience new and diverse cultures. This we believe, is what the future of mentoring will be. References on page 21 Dr. Emma L. Miller has been in higher education administration in the state of Texas for nearly 17 years. She has a PhD in Applied Management and Decision Science with a concentration in Leadership and Organizational Change from Walden University. Currently she works for the University of Phoenix as Director of Academic Affairs at the McAllen, TX campus. In addition, Dr. Miller has been an adjunct professor in the areas of Computer Science, Business Administration and Applied Business Technology and has been engaged in service learning and research in the areas of organizational behavior, organizational change, mentoring, business ethics, and leadership. She also taught for the University of Phoenix in the areas of Business Research, Quantitative Analysis for Business, Strategic Planning & Implementation, and Research Methods, Design, and Analysis. As a researcher, she has focused on mentoring examining how it relates to student retention and attrition and its impact on the institution. She has written in international journals and presented in international conferences. She recently co-authored a book called “Mentoring Diverse Populations” and is currently working on a new book titled “Mentoring the Latino Population in Higher Education” scheduled to be released fall of 2015. She serves as an associate editor for the Academy of Management, Common Ground Publisher, and Mentoring Institute as well as a reviewer for the 2014 ITC-Emerald Best International Dissertation Award. Currently, Dr. Miller is a Senior Advisor, Administrator for the 501c3 non-profit organization Blue Marble Space. In addition, she is a Board Advisor for SAGANet.org. 19 Not Yet a Member? Join the IMA today! A t the IMA, we believe everyone’s fullest potential is realized through a mentoring relationship. To make this vision a reality, we provide leadership, services and opportunities to help you increase results. The IMA delivers the keys to unlock your mentoring & program success. Members receive the following benefits: • Save on registration for the yearly IMA International Mentoring Conference. • Access the full text of over 500 articles on best practices, expert advice, mentoring research, proven models, and program descriptions. • Receive current mentoring news and the latest expert guidance, six times a year in our bimonthly magazine, Connect. • Follow the accreditation guidelines to improve your programs, and apply for accreditation status. • Deliver IMA services in your area or region as an authorized IMA affiliate. • Receive face-to-face, phone, and email advice and insights from mentoring experts and practitioners in your mentoring role and setting. • Access 4,000 mentor research citations in the annotated Mentoring Body of Knowledge, plus mentoring research reports, syntheses of these reports (conclusions), and best practice recommendations drawn from this research. • Interact with members through two mentoring discussion networks. • Participate in IMA initiatives, along with leaders in the mentoring field. • Publish through the magazine, Connect. IMA’s bi-monthly Membership in the IMA demonstrates your commitment to continuous growth, your professionalism, and your belief in the value and benefits of mentoring. Membership Levels The IMA offers 4 levels of membership to address the diverse needs of the mentoring community. Each level is described below, along with the corresponding annual membership fee. Membership is accepted at any time during the year. Individual : $65.00 This membership is for one person who may work at any organization or institution. Student : $40.00 For currently enrolled students only. Confirmation of full-time student status must be included with the membership form or mailed separately to finalize web applications. (Transcripts or a signed letter from the admissions department will be accepted as proof). Non-profit Institutional : $100.00 The non-profit institutional membership is like the corporate membership but is geared toward educational and other community-based not-for-profit organizations. This membership allows you to name two individuals to receive membership benefits and information. A second delegate is not required. Corporate / Government : $275.00 This is for a corporation or a government agency, whether federal or local. Membership may include two persons rather than simply listing the name of the organization. One person will be the primary member and the second is the co-representative. Both will receive the same membership benefits and all mailings and information. A second delegate is not required. To become a member login to: mentoringassociation.org/membership/ International Mentoring Association 1716 Las Lomas Blvd NE Albuquerque, NM 87106 505-277-1694 References Equipping and Enabling Next Generation Leaders for the Global Workplace Greenleaf, R. K. (1970). The servant as leader. Newton Centre, Mass.: Robert K. Greenleaf Center, in collaboration with AT&T. Law, H., Ireland, S., & Hussain, Z. (2007). The psychology of coaching, mentoring and learning. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. Ray, J. and Kafka, S., (2014, May 6). Life in College Matters for Life After College. Gallop- Purdue Index. Retrieved from Gallup Economy website: July 2, 2014 http://www.gallup.com/poll/168848/life-college-matters-life-college.aspx?utm_source=alert&utm_medium=email&utm_ campaign=syndication&utm_content=morelink&utm_term=Well-Being . Senna, S. (Personal communication, May 20, 2013). Sipe, C. L. (1996). Mentoring: a synthesis of P/PV’s research : 1988-1995. Philadelphia, PA: Public/Private Ventures. Timmons, J., Mack, M., Sims, A., Hare, R. and Wills, J. (2006). Paving the way to work: A guide to career-focused mentoring for youth with disabilities. Washington, DC: National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability for Youth, Institute for Educational Leadership. http://www.ncwd-youth.info/resources_&_Publications/mentoring.html. Mentoring STEM Students through Social Media with SAGANet.org 1 SAGANet.org (2012). 2 Ecklund, Elaine Howard, Sarah A. James, and Anne E. Lincoln. “How Academic Biologists and Physicists View Science Outreach”, PLoS ONE, 2012. 3 Ecklund, Elaine Howard, Sarah A. James, and Anne E. Lincoln. “How Academic Biologists and Physicists View Science Outreach”, PLoS ONE, 2012. 4 Steinke, L. J., & Putnam, A.R. (2011). Mentoring Teachers in Technology Education: Analyzing the Need. Journal of Technology Studies, 37(1), 41-49. 5 Forrester, J., Som, S., Walker, S. I., Miller, E., Salice, D., & Demarines, J. (2013). The impact of a virtual mentoring program on at risk high school students. Paper presented at the 7th International Mentoring Conference. 6 Jacobs-Israel, M. (2013). Against the Odds. Knowledge Quest, 41(4), 40-45. CONNECT A publication of the International Mentoring Association 1716 Las Lomas Blvd NE Albuquerque, NM 87106 http://mentoringassociation.org [email protected] CONNECT is published by the International Mentoring Association ©2015. Articles in CONNECT are published by permission of their authors. Authors of articles published in CONNECT remain the sole owners of their articles, with all rights and privileges, and the IMA makes no claim of ownership or rights beyond publication in CONNECT. The IMA solicits articles from IMA members. To publish an article in CONNECT, contact Dr. Brenda Marina, at [email protected]. 21
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