1. society
2. unrest and war

1. The purpose of the Marshall Plan was to do what?
A. restore Japanese economic development
B. Provide military aid to Middle Eastern allies
C. Pressure nationalist success in the Chinese civil war
D. Provide for economic recovery in Western Europe
2. After World War II, the Soviet Union maintained control of many Eastern European nations mainly because these
nations were what?
A. a source of new technology and skilled labor
B. near warm‐water ports on the Mediterranean Sea
C. extensions of communist power
D. members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
3. A key principle of the economic theory of communism is what?
A. restoration of a bartering system
B. organization of workers’ unions
C. government ownership of property
D. privatization of business
4. During the Cold War, the Soviet Union and the democracies in the West competed for influence in the Middle East
because of its what?
A. strategic location and valuable resources
B. vast fertile farmlands and rivers
C. large well‐educated population
D. industrial potential
5. Which statement about the spread of nuclear weapons is a fact rather than an opinion?
A. Nations possessing nuclear weapons should not have to limit the production of weapons.
B. The spread of nuclear weapons was a smaller problem in the 1990s than it was in the 1970s.
C. The United States and Russia signed the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaties during the1970s.
D. Only developing nations are concerned about the spread of nuclear weapons.
6. The Truman Doctrine and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) were United States responses to what?
A. threat of the Nazis in the 1930s
B. fear of economic depression after World War I
C. concern about the partition of India in 1947
D. communist threat after World War II
7. Which is generally a characteristic of a communist economy?
A. investment is encouraged by the promise of large profits
B. the role of government in the economy is restricted by law
C. government agencies are involved in production planning
D. entrepreneurs sell shares in their companies to the government
8. One reason the Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact was to do what?
A. ease the transition to democracy
B. help institute capitalism in Eastern Europe
C. limit the threat of invasion from Western Europe
D. challenge the economic successes of the Common Market
9. Why were Communist governments established in most nations of Eastern Europe shortly after World War II?
A. the region had a long tradition of strong communist parties
B. communist governments were able to significantly increase agricultural productivity
C. the Soviet Union used military and diplomatic pressures to install their governments
D. members of the Communist party won free elections in these nations
10. During the Cold War Era (1945‐1990), why were the United States and the Soviet Union reluctant to become involved
in direct military conflict?
A. the peacekeeping role of the United Nations
B. pressure from nonaligned nations
C. the potential for global nuclear destruction
D. increased tensions in the Middle East
11. In the Soviet Union, a negative aspect of the Cold War Era was what?
A. attempt to preserve democratic ideals
B. development of peaceful uses for modern technology
C. development of effective means of international cooperation
D. high cost of maintaining the arms race
12. The expansion of communism into Eastern Europe was a direct result of what?
A. the Crimean war
B. the Napoleonic Wars
C. World War I
D. World War II
13. “From Stetin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an Iron Curtain has descended across the continent. Behind that
line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest,
Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I might call the
Soviet Sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence, but to very high, and in some
cases increasing measure of control from Moscow."
‐Winston Churchill
What is the main idea of this quotation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The Soviet Union has expanded its influence throughout Eastern Europe
The Soviet Union has helped the nations of Eastern Europe improve their standard of living
The democratic nations of Western Europe have stopped the expansion of Soviet influence in the world
The Soviet Union will support communist revolutions in Southeast Asia
14. Which was a major reason for the success of Soviet domination in Eastern Europe after World War II?
A. Eastern Europeans accepted the doctrine of Pan‐Slavism
B. the democracies of Western Europe needed greater security
C. the Soviet Union had military forces in Eastern Europe as a result of World War II
D. Western Europeans feared that Nazism would be rekindled in Eastern Europe
15. What does this list of events suggest about the Cold War Era?
‐Berlin Blockade (1948‐1949)
‐Premier Khrushchev’s visit to the United States (1959)
‐Cuban missile crisis (1962)
‐Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963)
‐Joint Apollo‐Soyuz space mission (1975)
‐Russian invasion of Afghanistan (1979)
A.
B.
C.
D.
throughout the period, the United States and the Soviet Union were reluctant to solve conflicts
the level of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union varied
economics played a key role in causing conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union
the United Nations was instrumental in reducing tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union
16. In the 30 years after World War II, which area was most influenced by the Soviet Union?
A. Southeast Asia
B. North Africa
C. Eastern Europe
D. Central America
17. Which is a valid statement about the Soviet Union from the time of the Bolshevik Revolution through 1991?
A. Education has been limited to the communist party elite
B. Demand for consumer goods has exceeded production
C. Military expenditures have been low
D. Industrialization has not occurred
18. What was one major goal of the Soviet Union during the early years of the Cold War?
A. to establish a competitive market economy
B. to create a defensive buffer zone in Eastern Europe
C. to expand individual liberties in the Baltic republics
D. to attract foreign economic investments
19. What was one outcome of World War II?
A. England and France increased their overseas colonial possessions.
B. The communists gained control over most of Western Europe.
C. Japan and Germany became dominant military powers in their regions.
D. The Soviet Union emerged as an international superpower
20. These events of the Cold War are examples of what?
∙ Blockade of Berlin
∙ Operation of the Berlin Airlift
∙ Organization of the Warsaw Pact
∙ Construction of the Berlin Wall
A.
B.
C.
D.
efforts to prevent military conflict between the superpowers
situations that increased tensions between communist and democratic nations in Europe
attempts to weaken the Soviet Union’s control of its Eastern European allies
policies of peaceful coexistence and détente
21. United States involvement in the Vietnam War and the Soviet Union’s involvement in Afghanistan were motivated
mainly by a desire to do what?
A. exploit the mineral resources of the regions
B. support governments that would remain strong allies
C. stop the expansion of Japan into the Middle East
D. establish independent nation‐states in the regions
22. The main reason the United Nations sent troops to Korea in 1950 was to do what?
A. ensure that food reached areas of the Korean Peninsula affected by famine
B. prevent North Korea from conquering the people of South Korea
C. force the inspection of nuclear weapons plants in North Korea
D. restore peace between warring factions of Buddhism and Shinto
23.
Which situation was a result of the Vietnam War?
A. South Vietnam was able to maintain its noncommunist status.
B. The United States questioned its role as a police officer of the world.
C. Richard Nixon was forced to resign the presidency.
D. The War Powers Act was repealed by Congress
24.
A constitutional issue that was frequently raised about United States involvement in the Korean conflict and the
Vietnam conflict was what?
A. right to regulate commerce with foreign nations
B. use of deficit spending to finance wars
C. lack of a formal declaration of war by Congress
D. Supreme Court’s role in foreign policy decision‐making
25.
One reason the United States became involved in the Vietnam War was to do what?
A. prevent the spread of communism in Indochina
B. reduce French influence in Vietnam
C. stop China from seizing Vietnam
D. support the government of North Vietnam
26.
The speakers below are discussing foreign policies that the United States has followed at various times. Base your
answers on their statements and on your knowledge of social studies.
A. Speaker A: Steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world.
B. Speaker B: The United States will give economic aid to needy countries anywhere in the world, but will not
provide military aid.
C. Speaker C: The United States must prevent the growth of communism.
D. Speaker D: The United States can take over other countries to help them become more like us.
The Korean conflict and the Vietnam conflict were attempts to carry out the foreign policy described by which
speaker?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
27. The Korean War and the Persian Gulf War were similar in that both did what?
A. represented United Nations efforts to assist nations in repelling aggressors
B. involved unilateral military action by the United States
C. were military defeats for the United Nations
D. brought about lasting solutions to problems in each region
28. During the Korean War, what was the main reason that President Harry Truman dismissed General Douglas
MacArthur as commander of the United States troops?
A. The United States had suffered many severe military losses.
B. Congress refused to appropriate any more money to support the war.
C. President Truman believed that General MacArthur’s conduct threatened the concept of civilian control over
the military
D. General MacArthur disobeyed President Truman by deciding to stop fighting the war
29. Which is a valid conclusion based on United States involvement in the Korean War?
A. The policy of containment was applied in Asia as well as in Europe
B. United Nations economic sanctions are more effective than military action.
C. The American people will support United States participation in any war, whether declared or undeclared.
D. United States cooperation with a wartime ally ends when the war ends.
30. . A major long‐term effect of the Vietnam War has been what?
A. an end to communist governments in Asia
B. a change in United States foreign policy from containment to imperialism
C. a reluctance to commit United States troops for extended military action abroad
D. a continued boycott of trade with Asia
31. . The United States experience in the Vietnam War supports the idea that the outcome of a war does what?
A. is determined mainly by technological superiority
B. is dependent on using the greatest number of soldiers
C. is assured to countries dedicated to democratic ideals
D. can be strongly affected by public opinion
32. . One way in which the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Persian Gulf War are similar is that in all three wars
involved what?
A. the goal was to defeat the Soviet Union
B. the United States was primarily interested in protecting oil supplies
C. the United States was fighting without allies
D. no formal declaration of war was made by Congress
33. Which development is most closely associated with the belief in the domino theory?
A. military involvement in Vietnam
B. construction of the Berlin Wall
C. signing of the nuclear test ban treaty
D. end of the Korean War
34. . What did the domino theory state?
A. If one country fell to Communism, others nearby would soon follow
B. Use of nuclear weapons in one country would lead to use in others
C. If the economy of one Asian country fell, others nearby would soon follow
D. The United States should increase defense spending to cripple the Soviet
35. The policy of Vietnamization called for what?
A. Bombing North Vietnam around the clock to convince it to surrender
B. Escalating the war and putting as many troops in South Vietnam as possible
C. Reducing the number of American troops in South Vietnam and turning control of the war over to the South
Vietnamese
D. Bombing Laos and Cambodia in order to destroy NVA supply lines