Helen Bevan Chief Transformation Officer @HelenBevan NFKH @HelenBevan @HelenBevan NFKH @HelenBevan NFKH Everyone has gifts and strengths What superpower do you have? @HelenBevan NFKH Peter Fuda’s Transformational Change Agent framework Skills and methods for creating change Ability to make sense of, and reshape perceptions of ‘reality’ Personal characteristics and qualities @helenbevan @HelenBevan Peter Fuda’s Transformational Change Agent framework: my perspective “Doing” • Where most change agents in health and care put most of their effort and emphasis • What others typically judge us on • What we often perceive we need to do to add value • What most change and improvement courses focus on @helenbevan @HelenBevan Peter Fuda’s Transformational Change Agent framework: my perspective “Seeing ” and “Being” • We can only do effective “doing” if we build on strong foundations of “seeing and being” • Change begins with me • Hopeful futures, creative opportunities and potential • Multiple lenses for change • See myself in the context of my higher purpose @helenbevan @HelenBevan You can’t be a rebel on your own Rebel @helenbevan #SHCRchat #NHSChangeDay Source : Lois Kelly www.rebelsatwork.com The easiest way to thrive as an outlier ...is to avoid being one Seth Goodin @helenbevanSource of image: outskirtsbattledome.wikispaces.com @HelenBevan Leading change in a new era Dominant approach @helenbevan @HelenBevan Emerging direction Power in community “Power used to come largely through and from big institutions. Today power can and does come from connected individuals in community. When community invests in an idea, it co-owns its success. Instead of trying to achieve scale all by ourselves, we have a new way to have scale. Scale can be in, with and through community.” Nilofer Merchant @helenbevan @HelenBevan Source of image: orton.org “When we talk of social change, we talk of movements, a word that suggest vast groups of people walking together, leaving behind one way and travelling towards another” Rebecca Solnit @helenbevan Learning from social movement leaders http://www.slideshare.net/NHSIQ/the-power-of-one-the-power-ofmany?qid=97bb3464-07c2-4883-9531-c3d436a66aa1&v=qf1&b=&from_search=2 @helenbevan @HelenBevan @helenbevan @HelenBevan Six characteristics of people or groups within effective social movements 1. They share a sense of PURPOSE: There is purposefulness about collaborations, discussions, actions, decisions and a sense of forward momentum 2. They are UNITED: They have learned to manage their differences well enough that they can unite to accomplish their purpose. Differences are openly debated, discussed, and resolved. 3. They share UNDERSTANDING: There is a widely shared understanding of what's going on, what the challenges are and why what is being done has to be done 4. People PARTICIPATE: Lots of people and organisations in the system are active - not just in discussions and meetings, but getting the work done. 5. They take INITIATIVE: Rather than reacting to whatever happens in their environment, they are proactive, and act upon their environment. 6. They ACT: People do the work they must do to make the things happen that need to happen @helenbevan @HelenBevan Source: adapted from Wellstone Action Calls to Action @helenbevan @HelenBevan Leadership is…. …the art of mobilising others to want to struggle for shared aspirations Jim Kouzes @helenbevan @HelenBevan Source of image: environmentvictoria.org.au Framing … is the process by which leaders construct, articulate and put across their message in a powerful and compelling way in order to win people to their cause and call them to action. Snow D A and Benford R D (1992) @helenbevan @HelenBevan What’s the financial incentive? What’s the project plan? Who is performance managing? @helenbevan @HelenBevan Source: @RobertVarnam The reality “What the leader cares about (and typically bases at least 80% of his or her message to others on) does not tap into roughly 80% of the workforce’s primary motivators for putting extra energy into the change programme” Scott Keller and Carolyn Aiken (2009) The Inconvenient Truth about Change Management @helenbevan Source of image: swedenbourg-openlearning.org.uk @HelenBevan Leaders ask their staff to be ready for change, but do not engage enough in sensemaking........ Sensemaking is not done via marketing...or slogans but by emotional connection with employees Ron Weil @helenbevan @HelenBevan Four gaps between how we communicate change 1. 2. 3. 4. how people engage with that communication People speak intellectually but engage emotionally Facts are hard to remember and easy to challenge If we only talk about our success people won’t believe us People don’t want more communication; they want meaningful communication @helenbevan @HelenBevan Source: Peter Fuda http://www.peterfuda.com/2014/10/30/traditional-comms-fail-engage/ or “I have some Key Performance Indicators for you” @helenbevan #IQTGOLD @HelenBevan “I have a dream” Source: @RobertVarnam If we want people to take action, we have to connect with their emotions through values values emotion action @helenbevan Source: Marshall Ganz @helenbevan @HelenBevan But not all emotions are equal......... urgency anger hope solidarity you can make a difference @helenbevan #IQTGOLD @HelenBevan Action inhibitors Overcomes Action motivators inertia apathy fear isolation Self-doubt Source: Marshall Ganz ‘‘Leaders must wake people out of inertia. They must get people excited about something they’ve never seen before, something that does not yet exist” Rosa Beth Moss Kanter @helenbevan #SHCR @School4Radicals Source of image: www.linkedin.com/company/activate-brand-agency Effective framing: what do we need to do? 1. Tell a story @helenbevan @HelenBevan Source of image: woccdoc.org http://www.slideshare.net/amitkaps/fifth-elephant-2014-talkcrafting-visual-stories-with-data?sf3881865=1 @helenbevan @HelenBevan Effective framing: what do we need to do? 1. Tell a story 2. Make it personal @helenbevan @HelenBevan Source of image: woccdoc.org Effective framing: what do we need to do? 1. Tell a story 2. Make it personal 3. Be authentic @helenbevan @HelenBevan Source of image: woccdoc.org Effective framing: what do we need to do? 1. 2. 3. 4. Tell a story Make it personal Be authentic Create a sense of “us” (and be clear who the “us” is) @helenbevan @HelenBevan Source of image: woccdoc.org Effective framing: what do we need to do? 1. 2. 3. 4. Tell a story Make it personal Be authentic Create a sense of “us” (and be clear who the “us” is) 5. Build in a call for urgent action @helenbevan @HelenBevan Source of image: woccdoc.org Vivid details @helenbevan #IQTGOLD @HelenBevan Source: Marshall Ganz @helenbevan #IQTGOLD @HelenBevan @helenbevan #IQTGOLD @HelenBevan Talk to the person next to you • Tell your story about why the change you are involved in now is so important to you • Relate it to a personal experience You have: • 2 minutes to prepare your story • 3 minutes each to tell your story @helenbevan @HelenBevan What is a RCT? @helenbevan @HelenBevan Randomized Coffee Trial! @helenbevan @HelenBevan Outcomes of randomised coffee trials @helenbevan @HelenBevan How do we create a sense of “us” to build momentum for change? @helenbevan #SHCR @School4Radicals Source of image: www.tannerfriedman.com Moving beyond us and them to us and us @helenbevan @HelenBevan Source of image: www.delta7.com The Network Secrets of Great Change Agents Julie Battilana &Tiziana Casciaro 1. As a change agent, my centrality in the informal network is more important than my position in the formal hierarchy 2. If you want to create small scale change, work through a cohesive network If you want to create big change, create bridge networks between disconnected groups @helenbevan strong ties (cohesive) v. weak ties (disconnected) @helenbevan @HelenBevan Source of image: http://www.forbes.com/fdc/welcome_mjx.shtml When we spread change through strong ties: • we interact with “people like us”, with the same life experiences, beliefs and values • Change is “peer to peer”; GP to GP, social worker to social worker, nurse to nurse, community leader to community leader • Influence is spread through people who are strongly connected to each other, like and trust each other @helenbevan When we spread change through strong ties: • we interact with “people like us”, with the same life experiences, beliefs and values • Change is “peer to peer”; GP to GP, social worker to social worker, nurse to nurse, community leader to IT WORKS BECAUSE: people are far community leader more likely to be influenced to adopt new behaviours • Influence is spread through people or ways of working from those with whom they who are strongly connected to each aretrust most strongly other, like and each othertied @helenbevan The pros and cons of strong ties Pros @helenbevan Cons When we seek to spread change through weak ties • we build bridges between groups and individuals who were previously different and separate • we create relationships based not on preexisting similarities but on common purpose and commitments that people make to each other to take action • We can mobilise all the resources in our organisation, system or community to help achieve our goals @helenbevan @HelenBevan Why we need to build weak ties AS WELL AS strong ties • Weak ties are more likely to lead to change at scale because they enable us to access more people with fewer barriers @helenbevan @HelenBevan More on weak ties: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w7AzRVxhEXA#t=45 Why we need to build weak ties AS WELL AS strong ties • Weak ties are more likely to lead to change at scale because they enable us to access more people with fewer barriers • In situations of uncertainty, we have a tendency to revert to our strong tie relationships yet the evidence tells us that weak ties are much more important than strong ties when it comes to searching out resources in times of scarcity @helenbevan @HelenBevan Why we need to build weak ties AS WELL AS strong ties • Weak ties are more likely to lead to change at scale because they enable us to access more people with fewer barriers • In situations of uncertainty, we have a tendency to revert to our strong tie relationships yet the evidence tells us that weak ties are much more important than strong ties when it comes to searching out resources in times of scarcity • The most breakthrough innovations and most radical change will come when we tap into our weak ties @helenbevan @HelenBevan Sources of weak ties @helenbevan @HelenBevan Three components of a great narrative • Diagnostic – what is the problem that we are addressing? What is the extent of the problem? What is the specific source or sources? • Prognostic – what could the future look like? What is our “plan of attack” and our strategy for carrying out the plan? • Motivational – why is this urgent? What is our call for action that connects with the motivational and emotional drivers of our audience? Source: Benford and Snow @helenbevan @HelenBevan Source of image: www.ecommercedefense.com Four keys to collaboration • Lean into your discomfort • Listen as an ally • State your intent • Share your “street corner” Source: Judith Katz and Fred Miller @helenbevan @HelenBevan @helenbevan @HelenBevan Four keys to collaboration • Lean into your discomfort • Listen as an ally • State your intent • Share your “street corner” Source: Judith Katz and Fred Miller @helenbevan @HelenBevan http://weneedsocial.com/blog/2013/8/25/disr upted-disruptors-unite @helenbevan @HelenBevan 57 Source of image: http://switchandshift.com/transactional-ortransformational-which-leadership-style-is-best @helenbevan @HelenBevan “You don’t need an engine when you have wind in your sails” @helenbevan #IQTGOLD @HelenBevan Questions for reflection 1. What learning and inspiration can you take from social movement leaders to help you in your role as an agent of change in health and care? 2. How will you attract the attention of the people you want to call to action? 3. Who are the people who are currently disconnected that you want to unite in order to achieve your goal for change? How can you build a sense of “us” with them? @helenbevan @HelenBevan What happens to large scale change efforts in reality? In order of frequency: 1. the effort effectively “runs out of energy” and simply fades away 2. the change hits a plateau at some level and no longer attracts new supporters 3. the change becomes reasonably well established; several levels across the system have changed to accommodate or support it in a sustainable way Source: Leading Large Scale Change: a practical guide (2011), NHS Institute @helenbevan @HelenBevan Research shows that more than almost any other factor affecting an organisation, organisational energy can lead to either a wellspring of corporate vitality or the destruction of its very core Source: Bruch and Vogel @helenbevan #SHCR @School4Radicals Bruch and Vogel research Organisations with HIGH productive energy scored higher on: • overall performance - 14% higher • productivity – 17% • efficiency – 14% • customer satisfaction – 6% • customer loyalty – 12% @helenbevan @HelenBevan @helenbevan #SHCR @School4Radicals Energy for change is: Spiritual the capacity and drive of a team, organisation or system to act and make the difference necessary to achieve its goals Social Psychological Physical @helenbevan @HelenBevan Intellectual Five energies for change Energy Definition Social energy of personal engagement, relationships and connections between people. It’s where people feel a sense of “us and us” rather than “us and them” Spiritual energy of commitment to a common vision for the future, driven by shared values and a higher purpose. It gives people the confidence to move towards a different future that is more compelling than the status quo Psychological energy of courage, resilience and feeling safe to do things differently. It involves feeling supported to make a change and trust in leadership and direction Physical energy of action, getting things done and making progress. It is the flexible, responsive drive to make things happen Intellectual energy of analysis, planning and thinking. It involves gaining insight as well as planning and supporting processes, evaluation, and arguing a case on the basis of logic/ evidence @helenbevan @HelenBevan High and low ends of each energy domain Low High Social isolated solidarity Spiritual uncommitted higher purpose Psychological risky safe Physical fatigue vitality Intellectual Illogical reason @helenbevan @HelenBevan Some questions • Which group likely to have higher spiritual energy scores (clinicians/non clinicians?) • Nearer to CEO, higher or lower energy scores? @helenbevan @HelenBevan Energy for change profile Social 5 4 3 Intellectual 2 1 Physical @helenbevan • Are particular energy domains more dominant than others for Spiritual our team at the moment? • Is this the optimal energy profile to help us achieve our Psychological improvement goals? Team 1: what’s your assessment of their energy for change? Social 5 4 3 Intellectual 2 Spiritual 1 Physical @helenbevan #IQTGOLD @HelenBevan Psychological Team 2: what’s your assessment of their energy for change? Social 5 4 3 Intellectual 2 Spiritual 1 Physical @helenbevan #IQTGOLD @HelenBevan Psychological Ten key principles of large scale change 1. Movement towards a new vision that is better and fundamentally different from the status quo 2. Identification and communication of key themes that people can relate to and that will make a big difference 3. Multiples of things (‘lots of lots’) 4. Framing the issues in ways that engage and mobilise the imagination, energy and will of a large number of diverse stakeholders in order to create a shift in the balance of power and distribute the leadership 5. Mutually reinforcing change across multiple processes/subsystems http://www.slideshare.net/NHSIQ/leading-large-scale-change-part-1 @helenbevan @HelenBevan Ten key principles of large scale change 6. Continually refreshing the story and attracting new, active supporters 7. Emergent planning and design, based on monitoring progress and adapting as you go 8. Many people contribute to the leadership of change, beyond organisational boundaries 9. Transforming mindsets, leading to inherently sustainable change 10. Maintaining and refreshing the leaders’ energy over the long haul http://www.slideshare.net/NHSIQ/leading-large-scale-changepart-1 @helenbevan @HelenBevan “Leadership is not about making clever decisions and doing bigger deals. It is about helping release the positive energy that exists naturally within people” Henry Mintzberg There has never been a time in the history of healthcare when this advice has been more pertinent @helenbevan #SHCR @School4Radicals Employee resistance is the most common reason executives cite for the failure of big organizational-change efforts Source of image: Businessconjunctions.com @helenbevan @HelenBevan Scott Keller and Colin Price (2011), Beyond Performance: How Great Organizations Build Ultimate Competitive Advantage “ Thousands of patients have died needlessly because of a damaging reluctance amongst doctors and the public to accept changes in the NHS, according to the country’s top emergency doctor “ @helenbevan @HelenBevan Leaders ask their staff to be ready for change, but do not engage enough in sensemaking........ Sensemaking is not done via marketing...or slogans but by emotional connection with employees Ron Weil @helenbevan @HelenBevan ‘‘ Resistant behaviour is a good indicator of missing relevance Harald Schirmer http://de.slideshare.net/haraldschirmer/strategies-for-corporate-change-the-newrole-of-hr-driving-social-adoption-and-change-in-the-enterprise @helenbevan Source of image: driverlayer.com ‘‘ Cultural change is a million subversive acts of resistance Brene Brown Source of image: zazzle.com @helenbevan @helenbevan @HelenBevan “Stages of change” Transtheoretical model of behaviour change @helenbevan @HelenBevan Prochaska, DiClemente & Norcross (1992) The model is mostly used around health-related behaviours • • • • • • • • • • smoking cessation exercise adoption alcohol and drug use weight control fruit and vegetable intake domestic violence HIV prevention use of sunscreens to prevent skin cancer medication compliance mammography screening @helenbevan @HelenBevan The model is mostly used around health-related behaviours • • • • • • • • • • smoking cessation exercise adoption alcohol and drug use weight control fruit and vegetable intake It works for organisational and domestic violence HIV prevention service change too! use of sunscreens to prevent skin cancer medication compliance mammography screening @helenbevan @HelenBevan “Stages of change” Smoking @helenbevan @HelenBevan I am not aware my smoking is a problem – I have no intention to quit Prochaska, DiClemente & Norcross (1992) “Stages of change” Smoking I am not aware my smoking is a problem – I have no intention to quit I know my smoking is a problem – I want to stop but no plans yet @helenbevan @HelenBevan Prochaska, DiClemente & Norcross (1992) “Stages of change” Smoking I am not aware my smoking is a problem – I have no intention to quit I know my smoking is a problem – I want to stop but no plans yet I am making plans & changing things I do in preparation. @helenbevan @HelenBevan Prochaska, DiClemente & Norcross (1992) “Stages of change” Smoking I am not aware my smoking is a problem – I have no intention to quit I know my smoking is a problem – I want to stop but no plans yet I have stopped smoking! @helenbevan @HelenBevan I am making plans & changing things I do in preparation. Prochaska, DiClemente & Norcross (1992) “Stages of change” Smoking I am continuing to not smoke. I sometimes miss it – but I am still not smoking I have stopped smoking! @helenbevan @HelenBevan I am not aware my smoking is a problem – I have no intention to quit I know my smoking is a problem – I want to stop but no plans yet I am making plans & changing things I do in preparation. Prochaska, DiClemente & Norcross (1992) “Stages of change” Smoking I am continuing to not smoke. I sometimes miss it – but I am still not smoking I have stopped smoking! @helenbevan @HelenBevan I am not aware my smoking is a problem – I have no intention to quit I know my smoking is a problem – I want to stop but no plans yet I am making plans & changing things I do in preparation. Prochaska, DiClemente & Norcross (1992) “Stages of change” Transtheoretical model of behaviour change Prochaska, DiClemente & Norcross (1992) @helenbevan @HelenBevan Some questions • Which stage do most change activities in health and care focus on? • Which stage are most people actually at? @helenbevan @HelenBevan 90% of the tools available for health and care change agents are designed for the “action” stage The reality of our change situation • Our tools are often not effective at the stage of change that most people we work with are at • It’s hard to engage people in change • It’s hard to get people to make the changes we want them to make • People get irritated, defensive, irrational • We feel powerless in our ability to lead or facilitate the change @helenbevan @HelenBevan Example – WHO Surgical Safety Checklist • Designed for Stage 4 – ACTION! • Mandated it through targets • Despite compelling case for change – people resisted it – no values connection • People did the task and missed the point @helenbevan IN A NUTSHELL • Evidence from observational studies that the use of surgical safety checklists results in striking improvements in outcomes • Led to rapid adoption of such checklists worldwide • Researchers studied effect of mandatory adoption of checklists in Ontario, Canada • Use of checklists not associated with significant reductions in operative mortality or complications @helenbevan @HelenBevan So what do we TEND to do when people resist? • Lower our ambitions for improvement • Focus our energies on those who are already in the “action” stage • Put negative labels on those who are not yet at the action stage such as “blocker” or “resister” or “laggard” • Blame “the management” for not enforcing change @helenbevan @HelenBevan ‘‘ The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion that it has taken place George Bernard Shaw @helenbevan @HelenBevan So what SHOULD we do? • Listen and understand • appreciate the starting point • elaborate interests • Roll with resistance (Singh) • Don’t argue against it • Encourage elaboration of resistance • What makes it so hard? • What would help? • Build meaning and conviction in the change @helenbevan @HelenBevan • I am not thinking about changing my behaviours, actions or work processes • The problem or issue is outside my frame of awareness or my perceived need @helenbevan @HelenBevan • The focus should be on creating awareness for me of the need to change • Remember the goal is not to make me (as a precontemplator) change immediately, but to help me move to contemplation Thinking about your own situation Focussing on Prochaska, DiClemente and Norcross’s Stages of Change model: • What stage of change are some of the key people that you need to influence for your change initiative at? • What actions can you take to help them move to the next stage? @helenbevan @HelenBevan ‘‘ @helenbevan @HelenBevan If your horse dies, get off it Cherokee proverb Source of image: fenwickgallery.co.uk @helenbevan #IQTGOLD @HelenBevan What is our approach to change? Compliance Commitment States a minimum performance standard that everyone must achieve States a collective goal that everyone can aspire to Uses hierarchy, systems and standard procedures for coordination and control Based on shared goals, values and sense of purpose for coordination and control Threat of penalties/ sanctions/ shame creates momentum for delivery Commitment to a common purpose creates energy for delivery @helenbevan @HelenBevan Source: Helen Bevan Leaders who focus on meaning also get compliance, without focusing on it @JeremyScrivens @helenbevan @HelenBevan We know that ... • Shared purpose is a common thread in successful change programmes* • Organisations and change initiatives with strong shared purpose consistently outperform those without it.** *What makes change successful in the NHS? Gifford et al 2012 (Roffey Park Institute) **Management Agenda 2013 Boury et al (Roffey Park Institute) @helenbevan @HelenBevan A 3-word concept @helenbevan #SHCRchat #NHSChangeDay [Shared] purpose goes way deeper than vision and mission; it goes right into your gut and taps some part of your primal self. I believe that if you can bring people with similar primal-purposes together and get them all marching in the same direction, amazing things can be achieved. Seth Carguilo @helenbevan #IQTGOLD @HelenBevan The power of shared purpose: Perhaps the single most important influence on program response by individual units—either in promoting or resisting change—was the extent of consensus and coalition among the senior medical and nursing staff on individual Intensive Care Units…. [Consultant says] ‘I think it’s been successful because it’s a unifying program, it’s one of the few things that we’ve done that hasn’t been just a doctor thing, or just a nurse thing, it’s involved the doctors and the nurses together.’ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3704826/ @helenbevan @HelenBevan As leaders, we are “signal generators” “As a leader, think of yourself as a “signal generator” whose words and actions are constantly being scrutinised and interpreted, especially by those below you” [in the hierarchy] “Signal generators reduce uncertainty and ambiguity about what is important and how to act” Charles O’Reilly, Leaders in Difficult Times @helenbevan @HelenBevan Source of image: vintage-radio.com Avoiding “de facto” purpose • What leaders pay attention to matters to staff, and consequently staff pay attention to that too • Shared purpose can easily be displaced by a “de facto” purpose: hitting a target reducing costs reducing length of stay eliminating waste completing activities within a timescale complying with an inspection regime • If purpose isn’t explicit and shared, then it is very easy for something else to become a de facto purpose in the minds of the workforce Source: Delivering Public Services That Work: The Vanguard Method in the Public Sector @helenbevan @HelenBevan @helenbevan @HelenBevan @SimonJGuilfoyle Police Inspector and systems thinker @helenbevan @HelenBevan @SimonJGuilfoyle Police Inspector and systems thinker Police @helenbevan @HelenBevan @SimonJGuilfoyle Police Inspector and systems thinker Education @helenbevan @HelenBevan @SimonJGuilfoyle Police Inspector and systems thinker Healthcare @helenbevan @HelenBevan @SimonJGuilfoyle Police Inspector and systems thinker ....the last era of management was about how much performance we could extract from people .....the next is all about how much humanity we can inspire Dov Seidman @helenbevan @HelenBevan @helenbevan #SHCR @School4Radicals
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