1. technology and computing

Facilities are Mission Critical
How Enterprise Geographic Information Systems are Solving the Complex Challenges
of Managing Federal Real Property.
“GIS allows us to communicate complex concepts in the geospatial environment where
people are more comfortable. The GIS-BIM framework defines a building and its physical
objects, but also the geographic relationship of what’s around and part of the building and its
objects. A GIS view of distributed portfolios offers a way to help clients remember why they’re
doing something.”
- Jack Dempsey, Principal and National Leader of Asset Management Advisory Services at Jacobs,
and former Facility Asset Manager with the U.S. Coast Guard
A White Paper by:
Bill Barron, CEO
PenBay Solutions, LLC
Michael Hardy, Director
PenBay Solutions, LLC
John Young, Practice Lead
Esri, Inc.
January 2015
© 2015 PenBay Solutions, LLC.
All rights reserved.
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Facilities are Mission Critical: How GIS is Solving the Complex Challenges of Managing Federal Real Property
Overview
Whether you are a Senior Real Property Officer, Director of
Facilities or serve in any position as a federal real property
management professional, you have a responsibility to
promote the “efficient and economical use of America’s real
property assets and to assure management accountability for
implementing federal real property management reforms.”1
This is no small task. In fact, it can seem overwhelming
when considering the magnitude, breadth and complexity
of the United States real property portfolio—and the
limitations of the tools available to manage and protect
it. The task has become even more challenging in recent
years as stringent measures draw increased scrutiny on
the high cost of federal real property (FRP) in this era of
save time, save money, save lives, and save the planet.
The realities being faced by FRP management
professionals include:
• Underutilized properties cost the federal government
billions annually, compelling increased scrutiny
over how FRP is managed. Yet facilities are mission
critical—our government cannot function without
them.
• Executive orders, presidential memoranda, GSA
policies and regulations, GAO reports and federal
laws shine a continuous light on the need to find
new efficiencies in managing and protecting FRP
assets.
• The increasing vulnerability of federal facilities to
a variety of natural and man-made threats, both
domestically and internationally, must be addressed.
• Big obstacles add complexity—like the information
silos within and across federal organizations—that
inhibit the efficient and economic management and
protection of real property assets.
Combine these realities with budget constraints, and
the requirement to do more with less makes clear that:
1. The array of status quo stand-alone FRP
management (FRPM) software applications and
data silos will be challenged in meeting the broad
objectives put forth since the 2004 Executive Order
13327 which states: “…executive branch departments
and agencies shall recognize the importance of real
property resources through increased management
attention, the establishment of clear goals and
objectives, improved policies and levels of accountability,
and other appropriate action.”2
2. A force multiplier is needed. In military terms, a
force multiplier is a capability that, when added
to and employed by a combat force, significantly
increases the combat potential of that force and
thus enhances the probability of successful mission
accomplishment.3
In general terms, force multipliers are tools that help
people amplify their efforts to produce more output.
Employing force-multiplying tools means that people
using these tools get more done with the same
amount of effort.4
In the case of federal real property, a technological
force multiplier will allow FRP professionals to get
more done with less effort, while extending the value
of traditional FRPM software systems and data. It
will embrace both the unique business challenges
faced within each functional silo, as well as the broad
picture of an agency’s portfolio measured against
the GSA's management policies and regulations for
the effective and efficient stewardship of federal real
property assets.
GIS (geographic information systems) is the technological force multiplier
for federal real property management—this white paper explains how.
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Facilities are Mission Critical: How GIS is Solving the Complex Challenges of Managing Federal Real Property
Table of Contents
1. Facilities are Mission Critical—6
2. The Enormity of U.S. Federal Real Property Assets—6
6.2. Improved Communication & Flexible Levels of
Transparency—16
2.1. Federal Real Property Management Comes
Under Scrutiny—7
6.3. Manage the Indoors & Outdoors Together—17
2.2. Meeting the Demand to Do More with Less—7
6.5. Highly Adaptable & Scalable, from Strategic to
Tactical—17
3. The Force Multiplier: Breaking the Status Quo—7
3.1. What Is a Geographic Information System?—8
3.2. GIS is Certified & Accredited—8
3.3. GIS-FRPM Solutions are Already at Work—8
4. How Does GIS Support the Federal Real Property
Lifecycle?—9
4.1. The Challenges Faced by Federal Real Property
Managers—9
4.2. GIS-Based Real Property Management
Solutions—9
4.2.1. Portfolio Management: identifying,
inventorying, analyzing, validating and managing
real property assets, owned or leased—10
4.2.2. Operations Management: estimating and
managing lifecycle costs—11
4.2.3. Safety & Security Management: securing
and protecting people and assets—12
5. Streamline & Increase the Value of Data with GIS—14
5.1. Data Consolidation is More Manageable Than
Ever. —14
6.4. Mobility Improves Efficiency—17
6.5.1. Flexible timeframes & levels of
context—17
6.5.2. Full scalability—18
6.6. GIS-Based Real Property Management Is Highly
Secure—18
7. Implementation Strategies—18
7.1. Crawl First. Then Walk. Then Run!—18
7.2. Just Run!—20
8. Sound Too Good to be True? The Value is Real.—20
8.1. Example: Portfolio Management—20
8.2. Example: Operations—21
8.3. Example: Safety & Security—21
9. Summary & Next Steps—22
9.1. Here's How to Get Started in 3 Easy Steps—22
9.1.1. Download Data White Paper—22
9.1.2. Get a Proof of Concept—22
9.1.3. Contact Us for More Information—22
10. About the Authors—23
5.2. What Happens To Existing Information Already
Stored In Current Systems Of Record? —15
10.1. Bill Barron | Chief Executive Officer, PenBay
Solutions—23
5.3. What Happens If Existing Data Is Inaccurate Or
Missing?—15
10.1.1. About PenBay Solutions, LLC—23
5.4. Extend The Value Of Existing Systems &
Data.—15
6. Key Benefits of GIS-Based Real Property
Management—16
10.2. John Young | Practice Lead | Account
Executive, Real Property & Facilities GIS
Solutions—23
10.2.1. About Esri, Inc.—24
6.1. Better Decisions That Save Time & Reduce
Costs—16
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Facilities are Mission Critical: How GIS is Solving the Complex Challenges of Managing Federal Real Property
1. Facilities are Mission Critical
The built environment has a profound effect on our
ability to work safely and effectively. An organization’s
federal real property assets may include installations,
campuses, bases, buildings, laboratories, grounds,
utilities, networks, and infrastructure and more. You only
have to imagine the Federal Government without such
assets to quickly appreciate their indispensable role in
supporting U.S. objectives around the globe. In short,
facilities are mission critical, as are the professionals that
manage and protect them.
This white paper discusses the current capabilities of
GIS-based federal real property management technology,
and the many ways it can help Senior Real Property
Officers and federal real property professionals make
significant strides in the mission-critical aspects of:
• Portfolio Management: identifying, inventorying,
analyzing and managing real property assets, owned
or leased, and optimizing portfolio performance.
• Operations & Maintenance: efficiently managing
facilities and infrastructure (indoors and outdoors)
while reducing lifecycle costs.
• Safety & Security: securing and protecting people
and assets.
2. The Enormity of U.S. Federal Real Property
Assets
The U.S. federal real property portfolio is one of our
nation’s most valuable and strategic assets. It is as
diverse and dispersed as the missions it supports. The
statistics are remarkable—for example:
• The Federal Government is the largest property
owner in the United States with more than 350,000
buildings, 510,000 structures and 40 million acres
of land representing a total annual operating cost in
excess of $33.7 billion.5
• The amount of energy consumed by federal buildings
in fiscal year 2007 (the most recent year for which
comprehensive data are available) represented 56%
of total federal energy consumption, 2.2% of all
building energy consumption, and 0.9% of total U.S.
energy consumption.6
• The GSA’s Public Building Service manages 350+
million square feet in 8,500+ buildings, housing more
than 1 million federal workers.7
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• The Veterans Health Administration is America’s
largest integrated healthcare system with over 1,700
sites of care that serve 8+ million veterans every
year.8
• The Department of State operates 307 embassies,
consulates and missions around the world9 with
some 14,000 leased properties accounting for 75%
of their 70-million square foot real estate portfolio.10
• The Department of Defense operates over 300,000
buildings at more than 500 military installations in
the United States and overseas, which cost $4 billion
a year on energy alone.11
• The Federal Protective Service protects over 9,500
federal facilities, responding to over 500,000 calls for
service annually.12
• In 2013, the U.S. Computer Emergency Readiness
Team (US-CERT) responded to 228,700 cyber
incidents involving the federal agencies and
partner organizations responsible for US Critical
Infrastructure assets.13
Facilities are Mission Critical: How GIS is Solving the Complex Challenges of Managing Federal Real Property
2.1. Federal Real Property
Management Comes Under Scrutiny
These realities of cost, scale and risk are driving closer
examination of federal real property (FRP) management
in this era of save time, save money, save lives, and save the
planet. Executive orders, presidential memoranda, GAO
reports and federal laws shine a continuous light on the
need to find new efficiencies in managing FRP assets.
This is evidenced by the GAO designation of federal real
property as a high-risk area citing long-standing problems
with excess and underutilized property, aging facilities,
unreliable property data, and an over-reliance on costly
leasing practices. In 2013, the GAO concluded that
moving out of the most high-value, long-term leases
and into federally owned buildings would reduce costs.
Over 45,000 underutilized properties cost the federal
government nearly $1.7 billion annually to operate
because significant obstacles impede efforts to close,
consolidate or find other uses for them.16
2.2. Meeting the Demand to Do More
with Less
Budget pressures mean that federal government agencies
need to fulfill their missions using fewer resources. With
annual operating costs for federal real property assets
approaching $34 billion17, it’s no wonder that FRP assets
have drawn so much attention over the past decade.
Since Executive Order 13327 in 2004, every department
of government is continuously being asked to “promote
efficient and economical use of America's real property
assets and to assure management accountability for
implementing federal real property management reforms.”18
This is no small task. In fact, it can be overwhelming
when considering the magnitude, breadth and complexity
of the challenges faced by Senior Real Property Officers
(SRPOs) and FRP professionals. The requirements placed
on them are demanding and immediate.
“…Past attempts at reducing the Federal Government's
civilian real property assets produced small savings and
had a minor impact on the condition and performance of
mission-critical properties. These efforts were not sufficiently
comprehensive in disposing of excess real estate and did not
emphasize making more efficient use of existing assets. To
eliminate wasteful spending of taxpayer dollars, save energy
and water, and further reduce greenhouse gas pollution,
I hereby direct executive departments and agencies to
accelerate efforts to identify and eliminate excess properties.
Agencies shall also take immediate steps to make better use
of remaining real property assets as measured by utilization
and occupancy rates, annual operating cost, energy
efficiency, and sustainability…” - President Barack Obama19
3. The Force Multiplier: Breaking the Status Quo
As with most modern business challenges, innovative technology is essential to organizations achieving their missions.
In the case of federal real property management, a technological force multiplier is needed to break the status quo—to
accelerate and ameliorate the modus operandi for achieving the objectives put forth within (and since) Executive Order
13327. Enter GIS (geographic information systems) for federal real property management.
In general terms, force multipliers are tools that help people amplify their efforts to produce more and improved output.
In the case of federal real property, a technological force multiplier will help FRP professionals get more done with less
effort, while extending the value of traditional FRPM software systems and data.
GIS (geographic information systems) is the technological force multiplier for federal real property management.
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Facilities are Mission Critical: How GIS is Solving the Complex Challenges of Managing Federal Real Property
3.1. What Is a Geographic
Information System?
• Uses authentication protocols to ensure the security
of shared real property information across the
organization.
A geographic information system (GIS) is a versatile and
powerful technology solution that stores information
about the world as layers of data linked together by
location and geography.20 GIS software is designed to
capture, connect, visualize, analyze and manage all forms
of geographically referenced information, including BIM
(building information model) and CAD (computer aided
design) data. GIS software also provides the tools and
features needed to more effectively and economically
manage and protect federal real property portfolios.
• Scales to meet user needs, from tactical to strategic
(i.e., can be leveraged on a small scale to solve a
specific problem, or scaled up to address enterprisewide real property lifecycle challenges).
In other words, GIS technology is the force multiplier that
will help SRPOs and federal real property management
professionals “…accelerate efforts to identify and eliminate
excess properties…” while taking “…immediate steps to make
better use of remaining real property assets as measured
by utilization and occupancy rates, annual operating cost,
energy efficiency, and sustainability.”21
A GIS-based federal real property management (GISFRPM) technology solution:
• Embraces and leverages existing enterprise systems,
data and workflows.
• Links isolated data silos (e.g., any information about
the people, places and things located in both natural
and man-made physical environments), establishing
a secure, central repository of authoritative data—
data that is far more useful and accessible as an
integrated whole than it was within isolated systems.
• Recognizes that the built environment includes
more than just steel, glass and concrete; it also
includes people, exterior assets and infrastructure,
communication networks, and other physical assets
operating in a virtual world.
• Uses geography and location as the organizing
principal for measuring and managing all real
property assets.
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• Provides visualization and analysis in the form of
intelligible maps, charts and reports that reveal
relationships, patterns and trends that help users
validate decisions, improve communications and
increase transparency.
• Supplies intrinsic features (while also embracing
features of external existing systems) for highly
effective portfolio management, operations and
maintenance management, and safety and security.
3.2. GIS is Certified & Accredited
It is important to note that GIS has authority to operate
in most federal agencies. In fact, most organizations
already have compatible GIS technology in use for other
applications such as land management, satellite data
mapping or before-and-after imagery analysis for natural
disaster planning. A real property management team
can build on the successes of their colleagues while
leveraging the benefits of a shared technology platform
and shared procurement contracts.
3.3. GIS-FRPM Solutions are Already
at Work
Federal real property management technologies
rooted in GIS are already in use within several federal
agencies. These solutions are addressing the complex
interdependencies of the built and natural environments
in ways that are secure, scalable, efficient and cost
effective, while embracing (rather than replacing)
existing data, systems and workflows. If an organization
needs to dramatically increase the effectiveness of FRP
management, GIS is the necessary force multiplier.
Facilities are Mission Critical: How GIS is Solving the Complex Challenges of Managing Federal Real Property
4. How Does GIS Support the Federal Real
Property Lifecycle?
4.1. The Challenges Faced by Federal
Real Property Managers
Federal Government organizations are tasked with a
broad range of vital real property missions to support
their country and its citizens. These tasks range from
managing a diverse real property portfolio and strategic
assets, to assuring homeland security, fostering
commerce, collecting and preserving historical and
cultural artifacts and art, conducting scientific research,
and ensuring public health, safety and welfare. GISFRPM technology solutions address all these business
challenges, from strategic to tactical, across the real
property lifecycle.
The most critical challenges focus on how to optimize,
sustain and secure strategic government assets
throughout their lifecycles in a scalable and costeffective manner. To meet these challenges, the many
stakeholders involved all share the need for good tools
and authoritative information to validate decisions and
execution around:
• Determining ideal locations to build new facilities
• Understanding the locations and conditions of
current facilities and assets
• Allocating and optimizing existing space utilization
• Managing portfolio risk
• Maintaining building systems
• Planning and managing capital projects
• Ensuring the safety and security of people, facilities,
assets and infrastructure (indoors and outdoors)
• Facilitating multi-agency emergency incident
coordination
The common denominator fundamental to accurately
and thoroughly understanding and managing each of
these areas is data rooted in geographic location.
4.2. GIS-Based Real Property
Management Solutions
GIS-FRPM technology addresses a wide variety
of challenges that span the facility lifecycle. It can
incorporate nearly any data source, including floor
plans from BIMs or CAD drawings, infrastructure
maps, regional demographics, and weather/hazard
information—the possible data sources are nearly
limitless.
GIS-FRPM software is a force-multiplying platform
that aggregates data from disparate sources into a
comprehensive model. This integration provides a holistic
view of local, regional, national or international real
property portfolios. As a result, users better understand
the micro- and macro-level inner workings of real
property to effectively address key lifecycle challenges
in portfolio management, operations, and safety and
security.
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Facilities are Mission Critical: How GIS is Solving the Complex Challenges of Managing Federal Real Property
4.2.1. Portfolio Management: identifying,
inventorying, analyzing, validating and managing
real property assets, owned or leased
The geospatial tools of a GIS-FRPM help portfolio
managers not only meet organizational reporting
objectives, but also satisfy the myriad of data element
requirements issued by the Federal Real Property Council
(FRPC). GIS-FRPM software uses spatial intelligence as
a force multiplier to help users better visualize, validate
and utilize the aggregation of property, asset and
infrastructure data. Users can leverage maps to compare
indoor floor plans, outdoor site plans, financial data, asset
attributes and demographics—any data that is relevant to
effectively planning and managing a federal real property
portfolio.
GIS-FRPM portfolio management technology includes
feature-rich solutions for:
• Portfolio Analysis: evaluate key performance
indicators against benchmarks to discover patterns
and trends that are relevant to improving portfolio
efficiency.
• Portfolio Optimization: clearly identify under- and
over-utilized facilities to optimize for peak portfolio
performance while meeting organization objectives,
FRPC guidelines and executive orders.
• Site Analysis: evaluate demographic trends to better
understand the optimal locations to place new
facilities or expand an existing footprint.
User Profile: Portfolio Management
Who: USCG Validates Real Property Assets
Challenge: In 2012, the United States Coast Guard
(USCG) had to complete an enterprise-wide shore
infrastructure real property audit within a year to
comply with EO 13327. This order created the Federal
Real Property Council (FRPC), which outlined no less
than 26 data elements that must be captured for
uniform reporting of federal real property assets.
“The provisions of those directives required that federal
agencies document the existence and completeness of
all real property inventories. This meant the Coast Guard
must thoroughly demonstrate knowledge of its real
property holdings and have recent photographic evidence
of each asset.” – Peter Spinella, real property specialist
at USCG
Solution: With so many large assets to validate, the
USCG had to develop a new method to gauge the
area of its large-footprint real property holdings. It
started by building a geodatabase for the site using
the correct state plane and projections and creating
polygons and features.
“This gave us a table so that, if we were measuring the
gross square area of a roadway system, each polygon
showed up in the table for that feature class,” said
Spinella. “That returned not only the individual sizes but
also the total square area of the roadway system.”
By demonstrating the accuracy of building and
structure measurements using a GIS solution and
current aerial imagery, the USCG was able to
determine the size of infrastructure, such as airfields
and property lines, to within 5 percent accuracy,
eliminating the need to physically measure large
structures. The agency completed the audit within the
required time frame.
Read the Full Story at http://www.esri.com/~/media/
Files/Pdfs/library/newsletters/facilities/fall-2014.pdf
Page 10
Facilities are Mission Critical: How GIS is Solving the Complex Challenges of Managing Federal Real Property
4.2.2. Operations Management: estimating and
managing lifecycle costs
The ability to visualize spaces and query associated
information empowers operations managers to find
more ways to reduce costs and prolong the life of assets.
GIS-FRPM software makes it easier for federal real
property managers to substantiate decisions that best
align with the organization’s overall strategic goals—
as well as federal laws and executive orders. These
decisions become easier because the technology brings
focus to previously isolated, complex data by letting
users visualize it on screen as it is seen in the real world.
GIS-FRPM technology also provides FRP managers
the software features necessary to proactively manage
occupants, spaces, assets and infrastructure within a
building, on a campus or across a portfolio, to aid in
controlling real property lifecycle costs.
GIS-FRPM operations management technology
includes feature-rich solutions for:
• Space Management: maximize the productive
capacity of real property facilities; edit, allocate and
assign resources and costs to specific areas and
departments.
• Move Management: efficiently plan and execute
moves/adds/changes based on holistic, accurate
location-based data.
• Lease Management: author, edit and geo-locate
documents associated with real estate leases to
improve operations workflows and better manage
lease milestones and deadlines.
• Compliance Management: plan inspections, collect
information in the field and view compliance status
across buildings and down to their individual
components.
• Asset Management: establish and maintain
asset locations and attributes—both indoors and
outdoors—and create workflows for inspections,
service requests and public safety.
• Capital Planning: conduct comparative map-based
historical inventory assessments over time as well as
collect, upload and consolidate condition assessment
data to develop capital improvement plans that are
based on accurate data.
User Profile: Operations Management
Who: Division of the US Military is developing a
capital program for 70 million square fee of inventory,
which includes evaluating lifecycle algorithms and
operational readiness.
Challenge: “It’s a challenging effort, but we’ve integrated
2,000 individual sites across the US and US territories
using GIS,” says Jack Dempsey, principal and national
leader of Asset Management Advisory Services at
Jacobs and former facility asset manager with the U.S.
Coast Guard.
Solution: “We can map the complexity of degradation
and lifecycle analysis and thousands of things going
on within GIS. All the money on facilities spent over
20 years is there, with a simple interface indicated
by a red, yellow and green color chart. Without a GIS
interface, you’re talking data tables and stop light charts
to communicate big issues. Operational readiness is a
complex topic. If you can’t put it into spatial context,
it has no meaning to people who need to make critical
decisions.”
• Service Request Management: securely and
efficiently manage maintenance, environmental
issues, and health and safety requests.
• Energy/Sustainability Management: easily find
and access environmental documents, generate
compliance reports on regulatory requirements, and
proactively monitor facility environments to analyze
trends in indoor environmental quality over time.
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Facilities are Mission Critical: How GIS is Solving the Complex Challenges of Managing Federal Real Property
4.2.3. Safety & Security Management: securing
and protecting people and assets
With GIS-based FRPM technology, users can accurately
visualize locations of people and assets (both indoors and
out), how they relate to their environment, and whether
there are specific emergency response requirements—
all critical insights to managing crises and protecting
lives and property. Planners and first responders have
immediate access to accurate information about who
and what is near and inside buildings. Users can generate
impact reports, maps, and intelligence packages (print,
mobile and online) that help securely convey emergency
action plans to management, first responders and other
stakeholders.
GIS-based FRPM safety and security management
technology includes feature-rich solutions for:
• Risk Analysis & Continuity of Operations Planning
(COOP): discover and document risk areas that
affect real property, personnel and assets using tools
for inspection, visualization, analysis, and reporting.
• Security Planning: develop pre-planned scenarios
addressing identified threats; upload, update and
georeference existing plans; sketch out new plans;
update key facility information to fill in data gaps.
• Incident Response: bring together multiple sources
of real-time intelligence with pre-plan information to
support a fast, accurate emergency response in the
event of an incident, whether that incident occurs
indoors or outside.
• Access Control: analyze building and facility
access by role, personnel and security clearance;
interoperate with lock control systems.
• Event Management: whether a political
demonstration or a holiday parade, GIS-FRPM
provides a comprehensive, scalable toolset to
support event planning, coordination and operations
to ensure the safety of attendees and participants as
well as the surrounding population and property.
• Security Monitoring/CCTV: locate, analyze and
access CCTV points and view sheds while gaining
interactive visibility to video streams.
Page 12
User Profile: Safety & Security
Who: Fire Department New York City
Challenge: With dozens of temporary venues and
millions of visitors to the New York metro area, the
weeks leading up to Super Bowl XLVIII presented
significant challenges to public safety planning.
Between the two jurisdictions (New York and New
Jersey), Super Bowl activities covered 197 square
miles. There was a very short timeline to implement
a system that was up to meeting a vast array of public
safety challenges surrounding the big event.
Solution: "This effort was supported by the NFL who
provided CAD drawings for everything, right down to
Super Bowl Boulevard. With all the data input into
our GIS-based solution, we were able to create our
incident and emergency plans... I could search for staff
assignments, zoom into an Alarm Investigation Team,
and search by venue and zoom in on the programs and
concerts being held there. Our GIS-based solution is a
great application that we produced in a very short period
of time. We have received great feedback from within
the department and from other agencies. As we move
forward, we will be utilizing this platform more and more.”
- Captain Steven Pollackov, FDNY’s GIS Unit
Facilities are Mission Critical: How GIS is Solving the Complex Challenges of Managing Federal Real Property
GIS-FRPM Supports an Array of Roles & Functions
throughout the Facility Lifecycle
Portfolio Managers
Security
Planning
Risk
Analysis
Portfolio
Analysis
Site
Analysis
Security
Monitoring
CCTV
Master
Planning
Safety
& Security
Portfolio
Management
Incident
Response
Access
Control
Event
Mgt.
Demographic
Intelligence
Safety & Security
Managers
GIS-Based
FRPM
System
SRPO
Space
Mgt.
Operations &
Maintenance
Move
Mgt.
Compliance
Mgt.
Service
Requests
Operations
Managers
Sustainability
& Energy
Condition
Assessment
Utilities
Asset
Mgt.
Lease
Mgt.
Capital
Planning
With GIS-based real property management tools, information about the entire portfolio as well as its
buildings, assets and occupants is accessible over time for each real property function and role. Every user of
the system can set their preferred views and reports with equal ease. Every user can choose their data queries,
mapping options, data sets, etc., via straightforward menus. The system adapts deftly to show authorized
users what they need to do their jobs.
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Facilities are Mission Critical: How GIS is Solving the Complex Challenges of Managing Federal Real Property
5. Streamline & Increase the Value of Data with GIS
Today’s data integration and interoperability are the result of continuous research and development in the software
industry, enhancing GIS technology over the last three decades in response to the market’s need to connect growing
amounts of data. GIS bridges all systems—via any combination of deployment models (e.g., on-premise, hybrid, cloud
hosted, etc.)—to securely present a clear and useful view of federal real property data. GIS-FRPM technology enables
people to visualize and work with the specific information they need at any given moment to do their jobs.
5.1. Data Consolidation is More Manageable Than Ever.
Data is a top concern of agencies when they are considering the potential adoption of GIS-FRPM technology. Agencies
are cautious because linking software systems together, even in the fairly recent past, was incredibly difficult if not costprohibitive.
The good news is that today, a variety of methods can be used to connect enterprise business systems and data sources
with GIS. Underlying relational database technologies have evolved so substantially that not only have data integration
challenges been largely eliminated, data completeness and accuracy are improved within an agency when the systems
are integrated through standards-based workflows. Web services and API integration options have also opened many
doors for connecting and exchanging information between existing, traditionally siloed systems.
Spreadsheets
Floor Plans/Drawings
Maps
Enterprise Systems
BIM Data
GIS-based
FRPM System
Images
Environmental
Systems
Big Data
Sensor
Networks
Analyses
GIS-based FRPM integrates data sources.
Page 14
“Many of the standard and
commonly used data sets are
now readily available in digital
form and at much lower cost
than even just a few years
ago. This relative abundance
of economical and reliable
spatial data significantly widens
the scope of potential GIS
applications… The location of
human and data resources in the
organization and communication
between them are now driving
factors in system design.”
- Roger Tomlinson
Thinking About GIS: Geographic
Information System Planning for
Managers
Facilities are Mission Critical: How GIS is Solving the Complex Challenges of Managing Federal Real Property
5.2. What Happens To Existing Information Already Stored In Current Systems
Of Record?
Prevailing data sources and systems are embraced and leveraged along with existing workflows. No information has to be
migrated to a new system. Instead, the GIS integrates with what’s already in place and taps into all those sources to create a
consolidated view of the federal real property portfolio, from high-level strategic information down to tactical details.
Data integration isn’t instant, of course. Fortunately, tools, data standards and best practices have evolved and continue
to improve. For example, the FISDM open source project (www.FISDM.org) is a collection of best practice information
models, cartographic designs, templates and data interoperability tools that help facility owners and operators get
started in building a “facilities GIS.” The bottom line is that getting
data systems connected so information can be securely shared is a
manageable and achievable process in the present day.
5.3. What Happens If Existing Data Is
Inaccurate Or Missing?
When an agency’s previously isolated systems get linked together,
gaps in the data often come to light. Perhaps no one has updated
ADA compliance status recently and the system’s portfolio data is
out-of-date. Maybe some property boundary lines are based on
scans of forty-year-old paper maps. Or perhaps the location of
newly installed solar panels hasn’t been documented on the building
plans yet.
A GIS-FRPM solution makes it easier to keep systems up-to-date
so that designated users have secure access to accurate, complete
information.
The Data Value Proposition for
GIS & the Facility Manager
Download the Data Value White Paper here:
www.penbaysolutions.com/white-papers
• For missing or obsolete data, geospatial data gathering is quick
with mobile scanners that upload data directly into the system.
• Data discrepancies between systems of record can be flagged for resolution.
• When a linked system or data source is updated during the course of normal workflows, the new information is
made available to the rest of the system either instantly or at scheduled automatic syncing intervals.
With a GIS-FRPM system, users can start with available data and improve it over time to fit the needs of the
organization and the task at hand. Facility lifecycle data then follows buildings as they change, from acquisition,
construction or renovation through decommissioning or demolition. No longer is data (e.g., maintenance records, as-built
drawings, etc.) lost when someone retires, a contractor is replaced or an asset changes hands.
5.4. Extend The Value Of Existing Systems & Data.
Rather than abandon or replace systems and data, an agency can extend the value of existing software, data and
workflows through the comprehensive data integration and interoperability of a GIS-FRPM. Increasingly accessible data
improves transparency across the organization. A nearly unlimited range of reporting options leads to new insights and
alternatives. Accuracy is improved and duplication of effort is eliminated when information is available real-time and can
be securely shared with all who should make use of it.
Page 15
Facilities are Mission Critical: How GIS is Solving the Complex Challenges of Managing Federal Real Property
6. Key Benefits of GIS-Based Real Property
Management
Save money, save time, save lives, and achieve your mission.
Site
A
na
lys
is
upy
Occ
Ma
int
All stages of federal real property management require
complex that traditional data processing applications
location-based evaluation of performance and assets.
begin to fail. GIS addresses two big challenges of
Thus GIS is useful from design and construction or
Big Data—integrating internal and external data, and
acquisition, to occupation and ongoing maintenance
effectively translating it to make useful information easily
or modification, to divestiture and disposal. Portfolio
(yet securely) accessible.
management, building operations and infrastructure
security management all benefit from the visualization
For federal real property, where Big Data exists in
and analysis capabilities provided by
abundance, GIS-FRPM uses location
a GIS-FRPM solution, whether
as the organizing principle
Safety
/
S
for daily tactical workflows,
for complex data. Whether
ecu
rit
y
ain
strategic decision making
graphical, textual or numeric
or communications with
data is needed for a query—
Dive
st / D i s p
portfolio stakeholders.
or all of it combined—a
ose
GIS-FRPM system quickly
Real
Property
assists in finding and
6.1. Better
Lifecycle
displaying the FRP assets
Decisions That
needed. By improving the
Save Time &
FRP manager’s ability to
Reduce Costs
view, understand, question,
Most federal real property
interpret, visualize and
questions and decisions
manage pertinent real property
require location analysis, i.e., an
information, important decisions can
interaction or query to find the type,
be quickly validated by facts, saving the
status or condition of places (buildings, spaces, land),
organization time while reducing costs.
people (building owner, operator, occupants) or things
(fixed assets, infrastructure). GIS-FRPM systems allow
6.2. Improved Communication &
unlimited queries that can be refined iteratively.
Flexible Levels of Transparency
Design/Build
The scale and complexity of managing federal real
property typifies the challenge of today’s exponential
growth in information. Tools that make it easier to
navigate this data continuum can improve daily workflows
and planning, creating a positive impact on the efficiency
and effectiveness of managing real property.
“Big Data” is the popular term used to describe working
with collections of data sets that are so massive and
Page 16
The ease of displaying information visually in maps
(leveraging data from both inside buildings as well as the
outdoors) swiftly leads to new insights. Collaboration
with colleagues is more effective when each person or
group can examine the same data through their own
preferred lens, creating secure views of the information
that are most relevant to each user role. Users can
access information in the office on their desktop
computer or out in the field on mobile devices.
Facilities are Mission Critical: How GIS is Solving the Complex Challenges of Managing Federal Real Property
GIS systems restrict or enable levels of access for each
user. Within organization-specific data access guidelines,
it’s a simple process to publish interactive maps, dynamic
reports, web-based educational materials and other
information to various levels of stakeholders, including:
• Other real property managers
• Facility operations professionals
• Colleagues within an agency
• Workers in other agencies
6.4. Mobility Improves Efficiency
The mobility framework of a GIS-FRPM system lets
users view real property data on mobile devices, search
information that is important to them, and find key points
of interest on a map. Authorized users can also perform
work in the field, like space audits or inventorying
and inspecting assets, working seamlessly across the
portfolio. Users can even create inspection records
associated to items while capturing and attaching photos
to meet FRPC requirements.
• Executives, regulators and committees
• State and local government workers
• The civilian public
GIS-FRPM technology supports mandates to increase
federal government transparency by conveying complex
topics succinctly within map-based illustrations to better
engage government officials, citizens or the media. GIS
also supports mandates to increase federal government
accountability by making it fast and easy to roll up
summary maps and reports in response to OMB and GSA
requirements or congressional committee requests. Maps
can even be used as a catalyst to initiate communication
and collaboration.
6.3. Manage the Indoors & Outdoors
Together
Historically, floor plans and interior assets were tracked
in separate software systems from those used for
site plans and exterior assets. This separation used to
constrain the ability of facilities professionals to manage
real property portfolios efficiently.
Today, GIS pulls together and maps all locations of
an entire portfolio and its regional surroundings with
collective ease, whether features and assets are inside
the building envelope or outdoors. Because GIS-based
real property management applications span the entire
building lifecycle, artificial boundaries are eliminated.
Indoor information, like floor plans and asset locations,
can now be viewed and assessed in combination with
outdoor information, like site maps and infrastructure
assets, reflecting real property in real life.
6.5. Highly Adaptable & Scalable,
from Strategic to Tactical
Its underlying relational database structure enables a
GIS-FRPM system to move fluidly between macro-level
and micro-level orientations, delivering information
within desired parameters. Any combination of broad
or narrow criteria can be selected and the system will
pull up exactly that information and display it in the
requested format. These data structures can also be
published and shared as web services for use in a variety
of end-user and stakeholder applications and workflows.
6.5.1. Flexible timeframes & levels of context
Federal real property managers can bring anything into
their view that’s relevant to their current inquiry and
suppress all irrelevant data. With a GIS-FRPM system,
visualization and reporting are fast and easy at any level.
Things that were impossible before, or might have taken
days or months, can be done in minutes, positively
impacting efficiency and effectiveness. And innovation is
fostered in planning and execution, from daily workflows
to big-picture planning.
Federal real property managers can work with current
information, bring up historical information, or apply GIS
pattern and trend detection to analyze assets over time
and plan for future needs. In short, users can securely
access the right data, in the right context, at the right
scale and timeframe for effective visualization, analysis,
management and action.
Page 17
Facilities are Mission Critical: How GIS is Solving the Complex Challenges of Managing Federal Real Property
6.5.2. Full scalability
Federal real property managers can use GIS-FRPM
technology to zoom in and out to any scale—from an
individual space or asset, to a campus-wide view, to a
global portfolio.
Some people work primarily at one scale, such as a
maintenance worker who inputs a work order resolution
status each time a service request is completed. Others
may work at many scales throughout the day, such
as a portfolio manager who assesses multi-facility
consolidation options to reduce overhead. This might
include broad-scale queries like a comparison of public
transportation routes and highway access for employees
at potential new building sites, and narrow-scale
assessments like mapping existing CCTV locations to
help estimate security network upgrade costs within a
building, installation or campus.
Scale can be changed instantly. Suppose a space planner
is looking at a floor plan when the director of facilities
stops by to discuss options for upcoming office moves.
The space planner can promptly switch to a larger
scale at the campus level, or zoom to query individual
buildings, floors and spaces. When the meeting ends, it’s
easy to simply switch back to the original floor plan and
continue working.
6.6. GIS-Based Real Property
Management Is Highly Secure
FISMA- and FedRAMP-compliant system controls govern
authentication and authorization, controlling what each
user can access. The security framework is role-based
(each person logging in may access only what their role
permits) to meet rigorous federal government data
security standards.
7. Implementation Strategies
Because GIS-FRPM technology integrates all aspects of
facilities, it might seem that a comprehensive agencywide rollout is required to make sure everything and
everyone are part of the master plan. In reality, an
incremental, organic approach will work just as well—and
will satisfy modest budgets.
7.1. Crawl First. Then Walk. Then
Run!
GIS-FRPM technology doesn’t require that every
building and every piece of data be integrated before
it’s useful. An agency can get started by focusing on
a pressing challenge. As data is gathered, the GISFRPM brings focus to previously isolated or overly
complex data, allowing users to visualize it in ways that
bring opportunities to light. As the initial challenge is
rapidly resolved, it will become clear to leadership and
colleagues alike how a GIS-based solution can address
the broad range of conundrums faced by federal real
property managers today.
Page 18
Crawl: Address a single challenge in a pilot project that
returns quick, measurable success—usually within days or
weeks. For example, an FRP professional may:
1. Start with a simple campus/installation viewer.
2. Load just the data that’s needed into the GIS-FRPM
platform for a specific business challenge (e.g., space
data to tackle a space utilization issue).
3. Start working! Engage mobile and desktop users
to quickly identify opportunities for better utilizing
workspaces in ways that can reduce both real
property and utility costs.
As return on investment is realized in the “crawl” phase, it
almost always results in a broader understanding of GISFRPM, which promotes broader adoption into the “walk”
phase.
Facilities are Mission Critical: How GIS is Solving the Complex Challenges of Managing Federal Real Property
Walk: : In this phase, the initial success
from the “crawl” experience gains
momentum. By participating in the
system, collaboration extends organically
within an agency over time as colleagues
ask questions and see opportunities to
solve their own problems. For example,
a typical advancement from “crawl” to
“walk” would move the GIS-FRPM into
production, including:
1. Establishing data interoperability with
existing enterprise systems.
2. Implementing data authoring
solutions.
3. Addressing a wider variety of
business challenges.
The “walk” phase confirms the power
of integration and authoritative data.
It clearly demonstrates how to engage
across the data and functional silos for
portfolio management, operations and
maintenance, and safety and security.
Run: In this phase, the GIS-FRPM
becomes part of the enterprise. Once
several systems of record are integrated,
perspective, scale and transparency
increase both in daily workflows and
as information is rolled up to the
management level.
Innovation starts to play a big role
during this stage. People who are
comfortable using the system start
pushing it in new directions to respond
to situations that come up in their jobs.
They might use new queries to analyze
building performance in ways that
were not previously possible. Or they
could generate color-coded heat maps
Trends to watch
These four unfolding trends are sure to further bolster support and
commitment for GIS-based real property management technology
in the federal government.
1. More initiatives to support effective government. Federal real
property represents a large portion of the federal budget and
thus will continue to be a target of federal mandates aimed at
reducing costs. Buildings that operate efficiently save money,
and GIS-based federal real property management technology
provides a comprehensive solution.
2. New mandates to manage risk. World events have kept
security, safety and risk mitigation at the top of government
priority lists. New mandates in this area will seek greater
protections for people and assets. The risk management
capabilities of today’s technology for real property asset and
building occupant safety will continue to play an important role
in fulfilling mandate requirements.
3. New predictive analysis tools. Now that geospatial technology
excels at location-based information management in real
property, time-based information is next on the horizon.
Technology companies are investing in the development of
temporal “when” data integration that works hand-in-hand with
the existing geospatial “where” and “what” data. This is opening
up new abilities for real property managers to better visualize
and analyze their buildings across time to anticipate or target
needed actions and plan more effectively with longer outlooks.
4. Increasing vulnerability to cyber attacks. In January 2015, the
GAO found the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)—the
agency responsible for protecting federal facilities—lacks a
strategy to address cyber risk to building and access control
systems in federal facilities. Consequently, the nearly 9,000
federal facilities protected by Federal Protection Services (FPS)
remain vulnerable to cyber threats,22 a situation that requires
an expeditious and effective solution.
Page 19
Facilities are Mission Critical: How GIS is Solving the Complex Challenges of Managing Federal Real Property
that communicate operational trends in a faster, more
persuasive manner than spreadsheets or tables did in the
past. Or they might even geo-enrich datasets and maps
with optimized demographic information for improved
new property assessment or disposal scenarios. The
potential uses are expansive—both within an agency
and also for securely sharing information outside of the
organization.
As noted earlier in this paper, most federal agencies
already have compatible GIS technology in use
for other applications. Applying GIS to federal real
property management allows FRP professionals to
build on an existing technology platform using shared
procurement contracts.
7.2. Just Run!
It is indeed possible to skip the “crawl and walk” stages
and start with the “run” stage for an agency-wide
implementation of a GIS-FRPM system. What’s required
is an executive-level champion who has the power and
political will to prioritize the efficiencies that a fast,
comprehensive rollout can bring. Usually the champion is
someone who is comfortable with current technologies and
is skilled as a change agent.
8. Sound Too Good to be True? The Value is Real.
Federal agencies and organizations are realizing success right now, as you read this.
8.1. Example: Portfolio Management
Who: Federal Healthcare System
Challenge: Service-level planning for the next decade
and beyond using a variety of planning variables
including:
• Demographics
• Drive-time analysis
• Lease vs. own
• Private healthcare system partnerships
• Statutory service level mandates
Solution: Agency used GIS-FRPM portfolio management
solution to run advanced analytics based on required
variables. GIS-FRPM automated the suggestion of
candidate healthcare sites to save countless hours of
manual analysis labor while avoiding non-suitable sites.
Page 20
Facilities are Mission Critical: How GIS is Solving the Complex Challenges of Managing Federal Real Property
8.2. Example: Operations
Who: Federal Research Agency
Challenges: consolidating data and implementing
systems for increasingly effective environmental
management, workplace safety, utilities management and
regulatory management.
Solution: Agency used GIS-FRPM operations
management solution to:
• Tie asbestos containing building materials (ACBM)
to interior floor plans or specific asset features—
in minutes (rather than hours or days). FRP
professionals can answer questions and provide
documentation about ACBM to support each
renovation, construction or maintenance project.
• Improve environmental incident response to better
protect people and assets.
• Map underground utilities network making it easier
to manage and conduct preventive maintenance,
saving time and reducing cost.
• Provide state regulators accurate information about
tree inventories, helping reduce costs for new
construction and renovation.
8.3. Example: Safety & Security
Who: Fire Department of New York with State, Local and
Federal Agencies
Challenges: to create public safety and emergency
response plans and coordinate with local, state and
federal agencies for Super Bowl XLVIII.
Solution: FDNY used GIS-FRPM safety and security
solution to:
• Improve situational awareness by giving authorized
users access to building information, venue
schematics, live video feeds, floor plans, pre-incident
guidelines, emergency action plans and subway data.
Field users were able to create field notes from their
mobile devices and attach photos, with the data
instantly made visible back in the command centers.
• Streamline operations by enabling users to see
real-time feeds of current and upcoming events,
venue information, and multiple layers of critical preplanning and intelligence data, both in the field and
the command center.
• Bring together all event constituents in a secure,
unified platform to gather data, and implement a
public safety system that resulted in a secure and
safe Super Bowl experience throughout the region.
Page 21
Facilities are Mission Critical: How GIS is Solving the Complex Challenges of Managing Federal Real Property
9. Summary & Next Steps
GIS-FRPM technology is already in use in federal
agencies today.
1. Portfolio Management: Geospatial tools help SRPOs
and portfolio managers meet organizational reporting
objectives as well as requirements from the FRPC for
data and right-sizing real property holdings.
2. Operations Management: GIS-FRPM technology
provides the tools necessary for federal real property
managers to better manage occupants, spaces, assets
and infrastructure within a building, on a campus or
across a portfolio, significantly aiding the reduction
of real property lifecycle costs.
3. Safety & Security Management: GIS-FRPM provides
the means to accurately visualize locations of people
and assets (both indoors and out), how they relate
to their surroundings, and whether there are specific
emergency response requirements—all critical
insights for managing crises and protecting lives and
property.
The value of today’s investments in GIS-FRPM technology
will grow even more integral and advantageous in the years
to come.
9.1. Here's How to Get Started in 3
Easy Steps
9.1.1. Download Data White Paper
The Data Value Proposition for GIS & the Facility
Manager
"In the case of facility management, the system of record
for much of the information necessary to build an effective
GIS is often in other systems and formats. Exactly what that
information is will be determined by the business problems in
question..."
– The Data Value Proposition for GIS & the Facility Manager, 2015
Learn More—Download White Paper:
www.penbaysolutions.com/white-papers
Page 22
9.1.2. Get a Proof of Concept
The best way to get started is to do a small pilot project
using current data. This can be done in a matter of hours
with no cost or commitment on the agency’s part (see
contact information below to get the ball rolling).
This is most effective when focused on a specific
challenge, like placing all building locations on the same
campus map (perhaps for the first time ever), or pulling
in data for one floor of a building. It’s much easier to
understand the power and implications of the tools when
familiar real-life data is used in an interactive example.
Once that information is integrated into the GIS-FRPM
system, it’s easy to experiment with scaling to different
views, such as looking at building footprints on a site
map, zooming down into space and fixed asset details on
a floor plan, or running a query.
Working with a basic set of existing data is the fastest
way to get a clear idea of what’s possible. A proof of
concept facilitates discussions with other stakeholders
and also helps determine the scope of a proposal for
the technology. So don’t hesitate to request a proof of
concept demonstration—after all, seeing is believing.
9.1.3. Contact Us for More Information
For more information or to get started on your proof of
concept, please email
[email protected].
Author Contact Information:
Bill Barron, CEO, PenBay Solutions, LLC
+1 (207) 230-0182 | [email protected]
John Young, Practice Lead, Esri, Inc
+1 (704) 541-9810 ext. 8634 | [email protected]
Facilities are Mission Critical: How GIS is Solving the Complex Challenges of Managing Federal Real Property
10. About the Authors
10.1. Bill Barron | Chief Executive
Officer, PenBay Solutions
Bill is Chief Executive Officer of PenBay Solutions
focusing on strategy, finance and business development
for PenBay Solutions. Having worked in the banking
industry in Hong Kong and London for 24 years, Bill
brings strong strategic and financial planning and
operations expertise to PenBay’s business model. Bill is a
graduate of Harvard University and a Chartered Financial
Analyst.
10.2. Michael Hardy | Director/
Federal and Practice Manager/
Sustainability
Michael leads the customer support, sales and market
development strategy for PenBay's InVision product
suite, helping customers leverage geospatial technologies
and business intelligence to solve real world problems.
Michael has spent nearly 20 years in the technology
industry and much of the last decade helping federal
civilian agencies and the Armed Services use GIS to
support their facilities and achieve their missions.
Michael is also a member of the Capital Chapter of the
International Facility Management Association.
10.2.1. About PenBay Solutions, LLC
Facilities represent some of the
world’s greatest concentrations
of financial capital and physical
resources. As buildings become
more complex and portfolios
more expansive, facility teams are increasingly being
asked to make greater contributions to the organization’s
strategic objectives, like growth, cost savings, profitability
and risk management. To best contribute to such goals,
you need to make informed decisions based on accurate
data as you manage your buildings, assets, people and
infrastructure.
PenBay Solutions has developed the InVision software
suite to cohesively address a full range of facility
management needs, from strategic portfolio planning and
management, to day-to-day operations, maintenance and
security. InVision brings the visualization and analytical
power of GIS (geographic information systems) to
facility and public safety data and workflows, helping
you conceptualize information to substantiate decisions
and identify new opportunities that support your
organization’s strategic objectives.
PenBay Solutions is an Esri
Gold Partner with more than
fifteen years of experience in
successfully implementing GIS
solutions for a broad spectrum of clients in a wide variety
of industries.
Vision: Because Seeing is More than Believing.
Vision represents our commitment and capacity to help
you aggregate data to analyze, understand, manage and
protect your facilities using graphical visualizations that
drive highly informed decisions. InVision software offers a
powerful means to fully understanding and managing the
built environment, helping you align portfolio and safety
goals with your organization’s overall strategic objectives
resulting in:
• Higher return on investment from your facility
portfolio
• More efficient and cost effective facility operations
• Healthy, productive environments for building
occupants
• Facilities that are safer and more secure for the
people and assets they surround
• Appropriate resources and personnel for emergency
response and incident management
PenBay Solutions, LLC is certified as a Small Business
Concern in accordance with federal Small Business
Administration (SBA) size standards.
www.penbaysolutions.com
Page 23
Facilities are Mission Critical: How GIS is Solving the Complex Challenges of Managing Federal Real Property
10.3. John Young | Practice Lead |
Account Executive, Real Property &
Facilities GIS Solutions
As practice lead at Esri, John is responsible for
developing and growing the adoption of Esri’s solutions
for real property and facility management. He has been
building and supporting the practice for the past eight
years working with organizations spanning all levels of
government as well as higher education, commercial and
healthcare organizations. This includes organizations
responsible for a single building or campus to those with
a global portfolio of building assets. His goal is to help
organizations achieve improved cost efficiencies, risk
mitigation, and overall cost of ownership via the addition
of Esri’s powerful mapping and location analytics
solutions.
10.3.1. About Esri, Inc.
Esri inspires and enables people to positively impact the
future through a deeper, geographic understanding of
the changing world around them.
Esri technology enables organizations to create
responsible and sustainable solutions to problems at
local and global scales. At Esri, we believe that geography
is at the heart of a more resilient and sustainable
future. Governments, industry leaders, academics, and
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) trust Esri to
connect them with the analytic knowledge they need to
make these critical decisions that shape the planet.
Esri invites you to discover ways that you can leverage
their technology and expertise in your own organization:
www.esri.com
References
1. http://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/104918
2.  Ibid.
3.  http://usmilitary.about.com/od/glossarytermsf/g/f2536.htm
4. http://book.personalmba.com/force-multiplier/
5.  FY 2013 Federal Real Property Profile Summary Data Set (GSA.
gov), http://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/102880
6.  U.S. Department of Energy’s Buildings Energy Data Book 2011,
Chapter 1: Buildings Sector, Table 1.4.1, http://buildingsdatabook.eren.
doe.gov/
7.  http://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/104476
8.  http://www.va.gov/HEALTH/
9.  http://www.cnn.com/2013/05/09/politics/btn-diplomaticpresence/
10.  http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-14-769
11.  http://www.acq.osd.mil/ie/energy/
12.  http://www.dhs.gov/topic/federal-protective-service
13.  http://phys.org/news/2014-11-federal-struggles-cyberattacks.
html
Page 24
14.  http://www.gao.gov/highrisk/managing_federal_property/why_
did_study
15.  http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-13-744
16.  Federal Real Property: Proposed Civilian Board Could Address
Disposal of Unneeded Facilities, GAO-11-704T: http://www.gao.gov/
products/GAO-11-704T Published: Jun 9, 2011. Publicly Released: Jun
9, 2011.
17.  FY 2013 Federal Real Property Profile Summary Data Set (GSA.
gov)
18.  http://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/104918
19.  Presidential Memorandum- Disposing of Unneeded Federal Real
Estate: http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/presidentialmemorandum-disposing-unneeded-federal-real-estate
20.  C.T. Male Associates, November 18, 2013, http://www.ctmale.
com/general/can-geographic-information-system-gis-work-1215/
21.  Presidential Memorandum- Disposing of Unneeded Federal Real
Estate: http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/presidentialmemorandum-disposing-unneeded-federal-real-estate
22.  http://www.hstoday.us/briefings/daily-news-analysis/singlearticle/dhs-leaves-federal-facilities-open-to-cyber-attacks/5f3d0085da
0b04a7918f9b41a80874c1.html