1. art and entertainment
2. books and literature

REFERENCING GUIDE:
SBL STYLE
School of Ministry, Theology and Culture
This document has been prepared as an introductory guide only. Further information can be found in:
The SBL Handbook of Style: For Biblical Studies and Related Disciplines. 3rd ed. Atlanta: SBL Press, 2014 (available from
the Tabor Adelaide library).
Prepared by Cheryl Turnbull
REFERENCING GUIDE: SBL STYLE
Page 1
CONTENTS
Contents ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
PART 1: Format, Style and General Questions ………………………………………............................................................................................................................................................. 3
PART 2: SBL Style Examples: Footnotes and Bibliography ………………………............................................................................................................................................................ 6
Books ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Journal Articles ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Newspaper Articles ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ ...................................... 10
Internet/Websites ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Lecture Notes, Tabor Adelaide Texts and Other Personal Sources ..…................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Audio-Visual and Other Non-Book, Non-Journal Media ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Miscellaneous Sources ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 13
Example of In-Text Citations and Footnotes ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Example of a Bibliography …………………............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Appendix 1 - Abbreviations for Books of the Bible ……........................................................................................................................................................................................ 17
REFERENCING GUIDE: SBL STYLE
Page 2
PART 1: FORMAT, STYLE AND GENERAL QUESTIONS
What is SBL?
SBL Style
Why use footnotes and how are
they formatted?
How do I format a Bibliography?
SBL stands for the Society of Biblical Literature and its publication manual is the standard for the writing and referencing style in
Religious Studies faculties in many universities and colleges across the world.
SBL uses footnotes and a Bibliography to reference material in your work. Each of these is explained below.
Footnotes provide immediate access to the source of information or expand on a piece of information in the text. Your word
processing package will have the facility to produce footnotes. See Part 2 for formatting. In the footnotes the first time a particular
book, journal article or other source is referenced it is always written in full. With subsequent reference to that particular source it is
abbreviated or the word “Ibid” used if it follows straight after in a consecutive footnote. Example of footnotes:
1
Eric Law, Inclusion: Making Room for Grace (St Louis, MO: Chalice Press, 2000), 27.
6
Law, Inclusion, 30.
7
Ibid, 32-37.
In
Part
2 examples
of left
a first
and also
subsequent
footnote
havesecond
been given.
Begin
the
entry at the
margin
and ause
double spacing.
Indent
and subsequent lines (hanging indent). List entries
alphabetically by the first letter of the reference (usually the author’s surname, but sometimes a title if author is unknown). If there
is more than one book for an author then list in date order.
What needs to be included in the All sources of quotations and information that you have used in your writing needs to be acknowledged formally. This includes
footnotes and Bibliography?
paraphrased information where you have reworded the idea from a source, so it is not directly quoted, but the concept has been
adopted from the source.
Ideas of your own or ideas that are considered common knowledge in the field of study do not need to be referenced. Quotations
What is not included in the
from the Bible are not included in the footnotes or Bibliography but are acknowledged in an in-text citation.
footnotes and Bibliography?
Citing names in footnotes and in Wherever possible state a person’s first name or the name they are best known by in full and use initials for other names.
the Bibliography
Examples: John C. Jones, or F. Susan Miller. Some people are simply known by their initials and use them in authorship, so in this
case use only the initials. If you can’t find the first name in all searches, then the initial is acceptable.
What is plagiarism?
Plagiarism is the use of other people’s work without appropriate acknowledgement. This Guide explains how to
acknowledge sources used in your writing using SBL Style. Plagiarism is a serious offence with serious consequences (see
current Tabor Adelaide Student Handbook under Academic Misconduct).
REFERENCING GUIDE: SBL STYLE
Page 3
What changes are there to SBL
style for the Australian context?
Very few changes are necessary, except for:
• Australian spelling in all but quotations from American text or titles.
• Addition of Australian states to the place of publication if the state is not obvious. For example, there is no need to add
the state after Melbourne, but it would be sensible for Millswood, SA. For texts from other countries follow a similar
principle. For example Boston and London stand alone, but Cheltenham, UK and Grand Rapids, MI would be sensible.
• For Australian spelling and contemporary usage you may also consult The Macquarie Dictionary, 6th ed., Sydney:
Macquarie Dictionary Publishers, 2013; and for editing conventions consult the Style Manual for Authors, Editors and
Printers, 6th ed., rev. by Snooks & Co., Milton, QLD: John Wiley & Sons, 2002.
Adapting to SBL Style
The referencing for the section Audio-Visual and Other Non-Book, Non-Journal Media has been adapted to fit the SBL style as they
are not included in the Handbook.
What are the best sources for my This will vary according to the task, so be guided by your lecturer. As a general rule, textbooks and articles from professional
assignments?
journals are most highly valued. These may be either print or electronic versions. The wide range of sources represented in this
guide may be used for different purposes, most often with a core of relevant books and journal articles. Popular texts, websites and
personal communication are more often illustrative of points that are supported by more solid research, rather than being regarded
as authoritative sources on their own.
How many references should be
used?
When should page numbers be
used?
This will vary with the subject and type of assignment. Check with your lecturer or consult your subject description for specific
requirements.
Page numbers should always be cited in-text, when available, for direct quotations. Paragraph numbers or headings may be used
where no page numbers are available. Page numbers may be used for paraphrased ideas (where you have rewritten an idea in your
own words, but drawn heavily on a specific part of your source text). Page numbers are not needed where your paraphrase draws
upon multiple parts of a source text or describes the gist of an entire text. Page numbers should be used in your footnotes or
Bibliography.
What is the purpose of an
Appendix (plural,
Appendices)?
Appendices are for relevant supplementary material not appropriate for inclusion in the body of the text, such as interview
questions, a table or other data used for analysis, or essential background information. Appendices are usually brief. If more than
one, they should be labelled Appendix A, Appendix B, etc. Appendices are attached AFTER the Bibliography. Sources cited in
Appendices are referenced in the same way as the body of the text, by using footnotes and the Bibliography. Reference to the
Appendices can be made in the body of the text. For example: (see Appendix) or (see Appendix B). Appendices do not need to be
double spaced.
A secondary source is one cited in the text of another author. For example, in an article by Williams, written in 2009, there is
reference to the work of Clay, who wrote in 2001. If you use the information from Clay, this should be referenced as a secondary
source. For higher levels of academic study, it is preferable to go to the original source to ensure that you understand the context
of the original work.
What is a secondary source and
how do you cite it?
REFERENCING GUIDE: SBL STYLE
Page 4
How do I reference a work if no If available, use the organisation‘s name as author. Use double quotation marks if you are referring to the title of an article.
author is provided?
How do I cite an article or
A course reader is made up of different types of sources. Cite each reading according to the source.
chapter in a Tabor Adelaide book
of readings or uploaded online on
the subject webpage?
What is a DOI and how is it
referenced?
A Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is a unique and permanent name assigned to an individual electronic work and should be provided
in the reference where it is available. This alphanumeric string is usually located on the first page of the article. If no DOI is available,
provide the URL information in the reference. See Part 2 for details of how to reference.
What font and spacing is used for The font and size are not specified, but a simple clear font, size 12, would normally be used for assignments. Double spacing is
assignments?
required for normal text, but may be altered for tables or other specialised formats. Your Bibliography should be double spaced, set
out as in this guide, with the first line at the margin, and second and subsequent lines of each entry indented by approximately one
centimetre. Footnotes should be single spaced.
Are paragraphs indented?
Yes. Indent paragraphs by one tab space and do not leave more than the standard double spacing between paragraphs.
In an assignment, how much
At Tabor Adelaide the general rule is that up to 10% of an assignment may consist of direct quotation. Quotes are usually included in
direct quotation can I use?
the total word count, but consult your lecturer if in doubt.
How should I format quotations? Quotations of less than 40 words should be integrated into the paragraph, enclosed by double quotation marks and an in-text
citation included in brackets. The full stop is placed after the closing bracket. Quotations of 40 words or more should be formatted
as a block (next item).
What is a block quote?
Any quotation of 40 words or more should be formatted as a block: no quotation marks; single spaced; whole block indented and left
aligned; and same size font as the body of the text. Citation as for other quotations.
What is included/not included in The Bibliography, Appendices, words on maps, graphs or inserted tables are NOT included in the word count. Normally an automatic
the word count?
count from the first word of the first paragraph to the last word of the final paragraph would be taken as sufficiently accurate.
How do you cite the Bible and
It is not necessary to list the Bible or the Qur’an or other classical religious works in the footnotes or Bibliography. However, in
the first citation indicate the version you used. For example: The researchers consulted the Bible, KJV to provide items for the
other classic works?
development of their religious values assessment. Example of a direct quote: The Bible enumerates these virtues: “And now
these three remain: faith, hope and love. But the greatest of these is love” (1-Cor 13:1, NIV) or The Qur’an 5:3 specifies some
dietary restrictions, such as forbidding Muslims to eat “the flesh of swine.” Books without chapters should be spelled out.
Examples: First Corinthians has a lot to teach us. The passage, 1-Cor 5:6, is considered crucial. See Appendix 1 for how to
abbreviate books of the Bible and page 122 of The SBL Handbook of Style for how to abbreviate versions of the Bible.
How do I use nouns referring to
God or the Trinity?
REFERENCING GUIDE: SBL STYLE
Nouns traditionally used as alternative names for God or the persons of the Trinity are capitalised. For example: Father God, Lamb
of God, Lord of Lords, Messiah or Word. Less often used names can be lower case. For example: bread of life or light of the world.
Pronouns referring to God, such as “he”, should not be capitalised.
Page 5
Can I use acronyms in place of
full names of organisations?
How do I cite foreign words?
The full name of the organisation should be used the first time it is mentioned in-text, in the footnotes and also in the Bibliography.
Usually the acronym is inserted in brackets after the first mention in-text, if it is to be used in subsequent discussion. The acronym
may be used in subsequent citations. For example: The World Council of Churches (WCC) has released a report on Mission. Further
discussion of the WCC report was undertaken.
Foreign words and phrases are typically italicised. Example: the chapter focused on missio Dei.
PART 2: SBL REFERENCING EXAMPLES: FOOTNOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
NOTE: The following Guide is formatted with SINGLE SPACING, font size 11 to save space (and paper in printed editions). For your assignments please
use DOUBLE SPACING and font size 12 for the body of the text and the Bibliography, and size 11 for the footnotes.
Examples of subsequent abbreviated footnotes have been given where appropriate as the last entry in each Footnote Example.
BOOKS
MATERIAL TYPE
Book with single author
FOOTNOTE EXAMPLE
1
Hugh Mackay, Advance Australia Where?
Why We’ve Changed, How We’ve Changed
and What Will Happen Next (Sydney:
Hachette Australia, 2007), 24.
Subsequent footnotes:
4
Mackay, Advance Australia Where?, 28.
5
Ibid, 29-31.
BIBLIOGRAPHY EXAMPLE
Mackay, Hugh. Advance Australia Where? Why
We’ve Changed, How We’ve Changed and What
Will Happen Next. Sydney: Hachette Australia,
2007.
Book with two or three authors
2
Mark L. Branson and Juan F. Martinez, Churches,
Culture and Leadership: A Practical Theology of
Congregations and Ethnicities (Downers Grove, IL: IVP
Academic, 2011), 424-428.
3
Julie Perfect and Steve Perfect, Ministry and Married
Life (Las Vegas: Bliss Books, 2000), 75-95.
7
Perfect and Perfect, Ministry and Married Life, 80.
Branson, Mark L., and Juan F. Martinez. Churches,
Culture and Leadership: A Practical Theology of
Congregations and Ethnicities. Downers Grove, IL:
IVP Academic, 2011.
Perfect, Julie, and Steve Perfect. Ministry and Married
Life. Las Vegas: Bliss Books, 2000.
Book with four or more authors
5
Scott, Bernard B., Margaret Dean, Kristen Sparks, and
Frances LeZar. Reading New Testament Greek.
Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1993.
REFERENCING GUIDE: SBL STYLE
Bernard B. Scott et al., Reading New Testament
Greek (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1993), 22-32.
9
Scott et al., Reading New Testament Greek, 30.
Page 6
Book with no author
Multiple works by same author, published
in different years
Multiple works by same author, published
in same year
13
The Book Society, Style Manual for Busy People
(Unley, SA: ABC Press, 2006), 108-110.
OR
14
The Macquarie Dictionary, 6th ed. (Sydney:
Macquarie Dictionary Publishers, 2013).
17
The Macquarie Dictionary.
4
Michael Green, Evangelism in the Early Church
(Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1970), 94-99.
8
Michael Green, Evangelism Through the Local Church
(London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1990), 2-6.
10
Green, Evangelism Through the Local Church, 3.
11
Ibid, 5.
3
Penny South, What Ministers Need to Know About
Grace (Melbourne: ACE Press, 2009a), 14.
7
Penny South, What Ministers Need to Know
About Peace (Melbourne: ACE Press, 2009b), 6-9.
A translated book
10
Book with one editor
3
Book with two or three editors
Book with four or more editors
Book with both author and editor/s
REFERENCING GUIDE: SBL STYLE
Wilhemena Schmidt, An Introduction to the Old
Testament, trans. Peter Orr (Sydney: Better Books,
1994), 36-40.
13
Schmidt, An Introduction to the Old Testament, 39.
Moises M. Silva, ed., Foundations of Contemporary
Interpretation (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1996), 27.
2
Wendy C. Hall and Steve B. Smith, eds., Church
Growth in Europe (London: Pilgrim Press, 2007), 5.
6
Hall and Smith, Church Growth, 7.
3
John Green et al., eds., Understanding Noah
(Millswood, SA: Hoorah Books, 2015), 33-55.
7
Green et al., Understanding Noah, 40-45.
6
Robyn Hood, Giving in Churches: An Analysis, ed. John
Little and Sue Sherriff (Nottingham, UK: Sherwood
Press, 1990), 45-47.
8
Hood, Giving in Churches, 46.
The Book Society. Style Manual for Busy People. Unley, SA:
ABC Press, 2006.
OR
The Macquarie Dictionary. 6th ed. Sydney: Macquarie
Dictionary Publishers, 2013.
Green, Michael. Evangelism in the Early Church. Grand Rapids,
MI: Eerdmans, 1970.
----. Evangelism Through the Local Church. London: Hodder
and Stoughton, 1990.
South, Penny. What Ministers Need to Know About Grace.
Melbourne: ACE Press, 2009a.
----. What Ministers Need to Know About Peace. Melbourne:
ACE Press, 2009b.
Schmidt, Wilhemena. An Introduction to the Old Testament.
Translated by Peter Orr. Sydney: Better Books, 1994.
Silva, Moises M., ed. Foundations of Contemporary
Interpretation. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1996.
Hall, Wendy C., and Steve B. Smith, eds. Church Growth
in Europe. London: Pilgrim Press, 2007.
Green, John, Mary White, Julie Black, and Mark Rainbow, eds.
Understanding Noah. Millswood, SA: Hoorah Books,
2015.
Hood, Robyn. Giving in Churches: An Analysis. Edited by John
Little and Sue Sherriff. Nottingham, UK: Sherwood Press,
1990.
Page 7
Article in an edited volume
7. Harold Marsh, “A Very Short History of Judaism,” in
Potted World Religions, ed. Sue Happy (Adelaide:
Optimistic Books, 2014), 35.
10. Marsh, “A Very Short History” (Happy), 36.
Marsh, Harold. “A Very Short History of Judaism.” Pages 3436 in Potted World Religions. Edited by Sue Happy.
Adelaide: Optimistic Books, 2014.
Book with more than one publisher
4
Joe Bloggs, How to Love Study: A Guide (London: Born
Books; Brighton, SA: Academic Press, 2010), 24-25.
Bloggs, Joe. How to Love Study: A Guide. London: Born Books;
Brighton, SA: Academic Press, 2010.
3
Bruce Findlay, How to Write Psychology Research
Reports and Essays, 4th ed. (Frenchs Forest, NSW:
Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006), 99-108.
OR
4
Joseph Blenkinsopp, A History of Prophesy in
Israel, rev and enl. ed. (Louisville, KY: Westminster
John Knox, 1996), 22-24.
Findlay, Bruce. How to Write Psychology Research Reports
and Essays. 4th ed. Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson
Prentice Hall, 2006.
OR
Blenkinsopp, Joseph. A History of Prophesy in Israel. Rev and
enl. ed. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, 1996.
2
Ellingsen, Mark. Reclaiming Our Roots: An Inclusive Introduction
to Church History. Vol. 1. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press
International, 1999.
Book with editions
Book with volume numbers
Mark Ellingsen, Reclaiming Our Roots: An
Inclusive Introduction to Church History, vol. 1
(Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 1999),
22-32.
3
Book on Kindle or a similar digital format
Malcolm Gladwell, Outliers: The Story of Success
(New York: Little, Brown and Co, 2008), Kindle edition.
E-book with no DOI assigned; downloaded1. 6 Stephen Kaufman, The Akkadian Influences on
from internet but NOT Kindle or a
Aramaic, AS 19 (Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the
similar format
University of Chicago, 1974), http://oi.uchicago.edu/
pdf/as19.pdf.
2. 8 Kaufman, The Akkadian Influences.
E-book with DOI assigned
REFERENCING GUIDE: SBL STYLE
1
Ann E. Killebrew and Margaret Steiner, eds., The
Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant: c.
8000-332 BCE (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014),
doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199212972.001.0001.
7
Killebrew and Steiner, The Oxford Handbook.
Gladwell, Malcolm. Outliers: The Story of Success. New York:
Little, Brown and Co. 2008. Kindle edition.
Kaufman, Stephen. The Akkadian Influences on Aramaic. AS 19.
Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago,
1974. http://oi.uchicago.edu/pdf/as19.pdf.
Killebrew, Ann E., and Margaret Steiner, eds. The Oxford
Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant: c. 8000332 BCE. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. doi:
10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199212972.001.0001.
Page 8
JOURNAL ARTICLES
MATERIAL TYPE
FOOTNOTE EXAMPLE
BIBLIOGRAPHY EXAMPLE
Suzie Smith, “Qualities of Cross-Cultural Workers,”
Journal of Happy Missionaries 23 (2001): 34-36.
4
Smith, “Qualities of Cross-Cultural Workers,” 35.
Smith, Suzie. “Qualities of Cross-Cultural Workers.” Journal of
Happy Missionaries 23 (2001): 34-40.
It is not necessary to include the issue number if there are page
numbers.
Cross, Jenny C., Joe Huff, and Peter Peeved. “How to Curb Your
Temper.” Journal of Anger Management 3 (1999): 77-89.
Journal article with single author
2
Journal article with two or three authors
5
Journal article with four or more authors
Chong, Vanessa, Tim O’Hare, Omar Khan, and Neelam Laif.
“Observations of International Students.” Education
Monthly 11 (1956): 3-34.
6
“The Pain of Being a Caffeine Freak,” New Scientist
“The Pain of Being a Caffeine Freak.” New Scientist 172 (2001):
172 (2001): 27.
27.
2
Richard Klimoski and Susan Palmer, “The ADA and the Klimoski, Richard, and Susan Palmer. “The ADA and the Hiring
Hiring Process in Organizations,” Consulting
Process in Organizations.” Consulting Psychology Journal:
Psychology Journal: Practice and Research 45 (1993):
Practice and Research 45 (1993): 10-36. doi: 10.1037/106110-36, doi: 10.1037/1061-4087.45.2.10.
4087.45.2.10.
6
Klimoski and Palmer, “The ADA and the Hiring
Process.”
12
Tamra Sillick, “Emotional Intelligence and SelfSillick, Tamra. “Emotional Intelligence and Self-Esteem Mediate
Esteem Mediate Between Perceived Early Parental
Between Perceived Early Parental Love and Adult
Love and Adult Happiness,” E-Journal of Applied
Happiness.” E-Journal of Applied Psychology 2 (2006): 38Psychology 2 (2006): 38–48, retrieved from
48. Retrieved from http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/
http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap.
index.php/ejap.
14
Sillick, “Emotional Intelligence.”
Journal article with no author
Online journal article with DOI assigned
Online journal article with no DOI assigned
Online journal article with no page
numbers
REFERENCING GUIDE: SBL STYLE
Jenny C. Cross, Joe Huff and Peter Peeved, “How to
Curb Your Temper,” Journal of Anger Management 3
(1999): 78.
7
Vanessa Chong et al., “Observations of International
Students,” Education Monthly 11 (1956): 30.
6
Jack Williams, “The Victims of Crime,” Sociology
Review 17, 4 (2008), retrieved from
http://magazines.philipallan.co.uk/ Magazines/
Sociology-Review.aspx.
Williams, Jack. “The Victims of Crime.” Sociology Review 17, 4
(2008). Retrieved from http://magazines.philipallan.co.uk/
Magazines/Sociology-Review.aspx.
Page 9
NEWSPAPER ARTICLES
NEWSPAPER ARTICLES
Newspaper article in print
REFERENCE LIST EXAMPLE
Other, Ann. “Theological Education the Key to a Longer
Life.” The Daily Planet (6 January 2013), 14.
Newspaper article from a website
FOOTNOTE EXAMPLE
7
Ann Other, “Theological Education the Key to a
Longer Life,” The Daily Planet (6 January 2013), 14.
11
Other, “Theological Education,” 14.
10
Rick Morton, “The Heat Goes On … and On,” The
Australian (7 January 2013), retrieved from
http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/theheat-goes-on-and-on/story-e6frg6nf-22654852677.
13
Morton, “The Heat Goes On.”
Newspaper article without author
9
“Saving Power Can Kill,” The Advertiser (7 January
2013), 14.
11
“Saving Power Can Kill,” 14.
“Saving Power Can Kill.” The Advertiser (7 January 2013), 14.
M ATERIAL TYPE
Web document
FOOTNOTE EXAMPLE
4
“The One Hundred Most Important Cuneiform
Objects,” http://cdli.ox.ac.uk/wiki/doku.php?id=
the_one_hundred_most_important_cuneiform_
objects.
7
“The One Hundred Most Important Cuneiform
Objects.”
BIBLIOGRAPHY EXAMPLE
“The One Hundred Most Important Cuneiform Objects.”
http://cdli.ox.ac.uk/wiki/doku.php?id=the_one_hundred_
most_important_cuneiform_objects.
Blog
9
Not listed in Bibliography.
Morton, Rick. “The Heat Goes On … and On.” The Australian (7
January 2013). Retrieved from http://www.theaustralian.
com.au/news/nation/the-heat-goes-on-and-on/storye6frg6nf-1226548526778.
INTERNET
Mark Goodacre, “Jesus’ Wife Fragment: Another
Round-Up,” NT Blog, 9 May 2014, http://ntweblog.
blogspot.com.
15
Goodacre, “Jesus’ Wife Fragment.”
LECTURE NOTES AND OTHER PERSONAL SOURCES
MATERIAL TYPE
Printed/online lecture notes
REFERENCING GUIDE: SBL STYLE
FOOTNOTE EXAMPLE
6
David Turnbull, TM4391EV Evangelism (Lecture
Notes), School of Ministry, Theology and Culture,
Tabor Adelaide, 2010.
10
Turnbull, TM4391EV Evangelism.
BIBLIOGRAPHY EXAMPLE
Not listed in Bibliography.
Page 10
Lecture at Tabor Adelaide
Personal communication, interviews,
emails and letters
8
Aaron Chalmers, TM5121 Introduction to the Old
Testament (Lecture 7, 2013).
10
Chalmers, TM5121 Introduction to the Old
Testament.
4
Email (Jenny Spinner), personal
communication, 2 September 2014.
7
Email (Jenny Spinner).
9
Interview (Ali Khan by Alia Souk), 3 May 2010.
Not listed in Bibliography.
Not listed in Bibliography.
AUDIO-VISUAL AND OTHER NON-BOOK, NON-JOURNAL MEDIA
MATERIAL TYPE
DVD
Television broadcast
Motion picture
Music recording
Music track from an album
REFERENCING GUIDE: SBL STYLE
FOOTNOTE EXAMPLE
4
Michael Moore, writer and director, Bowling for
Columbine (Melbourne: Umbrella Entertainment,
2003), DVD.
6
Moore, Bowling for Columbine.
7
Rob Anderson and Clive Morgan, producers, 60
Minutes (Washington DC: CBS News, 20 June 2008),
television broadcast.
9
Anderson and Morgan, 60 Minutes.
5
Martin Scorsese, producer and Kenneth Lonergan,
writer/director, You Can Count on Me (Los Angeles:
Paramount Pictures, 2000), Motion picture.
8
Scorsese and Lonergan, You Can Count on Me.
4
St. Laurance Chamber Choir, performers, and N.
McEwan, director, Commemoration, Ritual and
Performance: The Iberian Connection: Medieval and
Renaissance Music from the St Laurence Chamber
Choir (Sydney: Centre for Medieval Studies, University
of Sydney), CD.
7
St. Laurance Chamber Choir.
BIBLIOGRAPHY EXAMPLE
Not listed in Bibliography.
2
Not listed in Bibliography.
G. Gurrumul Yunupingu, performer, Gopuru on
Rrakala (Winnellie, NT: Skinnyfish, 2011), CD.
5
Yunupingu, Gopuru.
Not listed in Bibliography.
Not listed in Bibliography.
Not listed in Bibliography.
Page 11
Podcast
6
Mark Ryan, script writer and Andrew Hogan,
director, episode 26, Nerdzilla (25 October 2011)
(Hobart: ABC Local Radio, 2011), retrieved from
http://www.abc.net. au/local/audio/2011/10/
24/3346730.htm, podcast radio program.
9
Ryan and Hogan, Nerdzilla.
6
A. Hall, How to Study at Oxford University (20
December 2007), retrieved from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxAU88LxLis,
video file.
Not listed in Bibliography.
Online or streaming video
3
Tom Zubrycki, producer and director and Jimmy Chi,
writer, Bran Nue Dae: A Musical Journey (2009),
retrieved from http://www.kanopystreaming.com,
video recording.
Not listed in Bibliography.
Image in a book
1
My Car Poem in A Passion for Poetry, written and
illustrated by Mandy Tunica (Newtown, NSW: PETA,
2005, 117, image.
5
My Car Poem.
Not listed in Bibliography.
Image online
1
Not listed in Bibliography.
Video clip (Youtube)
REFERENCING GUIDE: SBL STYLE
Human Skeleton, retrieved from http://www.
teachpe.com/images/anatomy/skeleton.jpg, 2011,
image.
2
Saudi Arabia, retrieved from
http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys
/asia/ sa.htm, 2009, topographic map.
3
David Tunbridge, Volunteers of the ACT Bushfire
Service Lighting a Back-Burn on the Mount Franklin
Road, Brindabella Ranges, on the Night of 11/12
January 2003, retrieved from http://nla.gov.au/
nla.pic-an24954626, online image.
6
Saudi Arabia.
9
Tunbridge, Volunteers of the ACT Bushfire
Service.
Not listed in Bibliography.
Page 12
MISCELLANEOUS SOURCES
MATERIAL TYPE
Annual report of an organization
Paper presented at a conference
FOOTNOTE EXAMPLE
BIBLIOGRAPHY EXAMPLE
4
World Vision Australia, Annual Report, 2012,
World Vision Australia. Annual Report, 2012. Retrieved from
retrieved from http://www.worldvision.com.au
http://www.worldvision.com.au/aboutus/ Annual
/aboutus/ AnnualReportsAndReviews.aspx.
ReportsAndReviews.aspx.
6
World Vision Australia, Annual Report, 2012.
7
Susan Niditch, “Oral Culture and Written
Niditch, Susan. “Oral Culture and Written Documents.”
Documents” (paper presented at the Annual Meeting
Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the New
of the New England Region of the SBL (Worcester, MA,
England Region of the SBL. Worcester, MA, 25 March
25 March 1994), 13-17.
1994.
9
Niditch, “Oral Culture.”
Conference proceedings published
7
Ros Wilkinson, “The Sociology of Religion,” in
Sociology ForThis Age, ed. Jack Fourtree and Sue Fifer,
paper presented at The Australian Triennial Sociology
Conference, Monash University, Melbourne, 24-26
December (Churchill, VIC: Celts Press, 1999) 7-9.
10
Wilkinson, “The Sociology of Religion” (Fourtree and
Fifer), 8.
Wilkinson, Ros. “The Sociology of Religion.” Pages 2-10 in
Sociology For This Age. Edited by Jack Fourtree and Sue Fifer.
Paper presented at The Australian Triennial Sociology
Conference. Monash University, Melbourne, 24-26
December. Churchill, VIC: Celts Press, 1999.
Conference proceedings unpublished
3
Gidley, Vic. “Working Together to Make the Dream a Reality.”
Paper presented at the ATSIM Indigenous Health
Conference. Wahroonga, NSW, 11-13 October 2000.
Thesis published
Thesis unpublished
REFERENCING GUIDE: SBL STYLE
Vic Gidley, “Working Together to Make the Dream a
Reality,” paper presented at the ATSIM Indigenous
Health Conference, Wahroonga, NSW, 11-13 October
2000.
6
Gidley, “Working Together.”
2
Geoff D. Arnott. Working in Aged Care and Disability
Services: An Introduction (Croydon, VIC: Tertiary Press,
2005), 34.
Arnott, Geoff D. Working in Aged Care and Disability Services: An
Introduction. Croydon, VIC: Tertiary Press, 2005.
4
Wescombe-Down, David. “Working With Gifted and TwiceDavid Wescombe-Down, “Working With Gifted and
Exceptional Undergraduate and Postgraduate Education
Twice-Exceptional Undergraduate and Postgraduate
Students in Australia.” Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation.
Education Students in Australia,” unpublished Doctoral
Perth, WA: Curtin University, 2013.
Dissertation (Perth, WA: Curtin University, 2013).
7
Wescombe-Down, “Working with Gifted and TwiceExceptional Undergraduate and Postgraduate
Education Students in Australia.”
Page 13
EXAMPLE OF IN-TEXT CITATIONS AND FOOTNOTES
This guide is designed to help you understand how to format your essays and reference your work in order to avoid the dangers of plagiarism.1 It
also explains the SBL referencing system.2 Some of the basic rules are that if you use a short quote you write Smith observes that “it is often hard to help
others fit in.”3 Or if you wish to use a longer quote it is blocked. Inclusion is the ultimate aim:
Inclusion is a discipline of extending our boundary to take into consideration another’s needs, interests, experience, and perspective, which will
lead to clearer understanding of ourselves and others, fuller description of the issues at hand, and possibly a newly negotiated boundary of the
community to which we belong.4
As you can see, footnotes are used to help clarify a point or to reference your work so not only do you avoid plagiarism, you allow those who read
your work to look further at the research you have highlighted. As a rule, all references in your footnotes should also be included in the Bibliography, see
this Guide for exceptions.
NOTE THAT THE BIBLIOGRAPHY IS ON A NEW PAGE
1
Plagiarism is the practice of taking someone else’s work or ideas and passing them off as your own.
SBL stands for the Society of Biblical Literature and its publication manual is the standard for the writing and referencing style in Religious Studies faculties in many
universities and colleges across the world.
3
Joan Smith, “Helping Everybody to Belong,” Journal of the Masses 6 (2013): 34-36.
4
Eric Law, Inclusion: Making Room for Grace (St Louis, MO: Chalice Press, 2000).
2
REFERENCING GUIDE: SBL STYLE
Page 14
EXAMPLE OF A BIBLIOGRAPHY
Booker, Mike, and Mark Ireland. Evangelism - Which Way Now? An Evaluation of Alpha, Emmaus, Cell Church and Other Contemporary Strategies for Evangelism.
London: Church House, 2003.
Brueggemann, Walter. Biblical Perspectives on Evangelism: Living in a Three-Storied Universe. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1993.
Chapman, John. Know and Tell the Gospel. Rev. ed. Sydney: Hodder and Stoughton, 1984.
-----. Setting Hearts on Fire. Kingsford, NSW: Matthias Media, 1999.
Chester, Tim. Good News to the Poor: Sharing the Gospel Through Social Involvement. Leicester, UK: IVP, 2004.
Hall, Wendy C., and Steve B. Smith, eds. Church Growth in Europe. London: Pilgrim Press, 2007.
Hybels, Bill. Just Walk across the Room: Simple Steps Pointing People to Faith. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 2006.
Hybels, Bill, and Mark Mittelberg. Becoming a Contagious Christian. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1994.
Kaufman, Stephen. The Akkadian Influences on Aramaic. AS 19. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1974. http://oi.uchicago.edu/pdf/
as19.pdf.
Killebrew, Ann E., and Margaret Steiner, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant: c. 8000-332 BCE. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. doi:
10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199212972.001.0001.
Law, Eric. Inclusion: Making Room for Grace. St Louis, MO: Chalice Press, 2000.
Marsh, Harold. “A Very Short History of Judaism.” Pages 34-36 in Potted World Religions. Edited by Sue Happy. Adelaide: Optimistic Books, 2014.
Scott, Bernard B., Margaret Dean, Kristen Sparks, and Frances LeZar. Reading New Testament Greek. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1993.
REFERENCING GUIDE: SBL STYLE
Page 15
Smith, Joan. “Helping Everybody to Belong.” Journal of the Masses 6 (2013): 34-36.
Sillick, Tamra. “Emotional Intelligence and Self-Esteem Mediate Between Perceived Early Parental Love and Adult Happiness.” E-Journal of Applied Psychology 2 (2006):
38-48. Retrieved from http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/ index.php/ejap.
The Macquarie Dictionary. 6th ed. Sydney: Macquarie Dictionary Publishers, 2013.
REFERENCING GUIDE: SBL STYLE
Page 16
APPENDIX 1 – ABBREVIATIONS FOR BOOKS OF THE BIBLE
OT - Old Testament
Jer - Jeremiah
John - John
Gen - Genesis
Lam - Lamentations
Acts - Acts
Exod - Exodus
Ezek - Ezekiel
Rom - Romans
Lev - Leviticus
Dan - Daniel
1-2 Cor - 1-2 Corinthians
Num - Numbers
Hos - Hosea
Gal - Galatians
Deut - Deuteronomy
Joel - Joel
Eph - Ephesians
Josh - Joshua
Amos - Amos
Phil - Philippians
Judges - Judges
Obad - Obadiah
Col - Colossians
Ruth - Ruth
Jonah - Jonah
1-2 Thess - 1-2 Thessalonians
1-2 Sam - 1-2 Samuel
Mic - Micah
1-2 Tim - 1-2 Timothy
1-2 Kgs - 1-2 Kings
Nah - Nahum
Titus - Titus
1-2 Chr - 1-2 Chronicles
Hab - Habakkuk
Phlm - Philemon
Ezra - Ezra
Zeph - Zephaniah
Heb - Hebrews
Neh - Nehemiah
Hag - Haggai
Jas - James
Esth - Esther
Zech - Zechariah
1-2 Pet - 1-2 Peter
Job - Job
Mal - Malachi
1-2-3 John - 1-2-3 John
Ps/Pss - Psalms
Jude - Jude
Prov - Proverbs
NT - New Testament
Eccl - Ecclesiastes
Matt - Matthew
Song - Song of Solomon
Mark - Mark
Isa - Isaiah
Luke - Luke
REFERENCING GUIDE: SBL STYLE
Rev - Revelation
Page 17