Self-Driving CARS
DR. Jonas Nilsson
Team Leader Dependability and Verification
Volvo Car Group
OUTLINE
• Highly Automated Driving
• The Drive Me Project
• Some Safety Challenges
Freeing up time to safely prioritise something else
MAIN BENEFITS WITH AUTONOMOUS DRIVING
• Safety
• Environment
• Traffic flow
• Lower and more efficient
infrastructure investments
• Use of time
A unique pilot with real customers in real-life traffic
COOPERATION FOR SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY
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A unique large-scale test of self-driving vehicles
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Project started Dec 2013
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100 self-driving lease-vehicles on public roads in 2017
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A world-unique project
TEST ROUTE
• Typical commuter routes
in and around Gothenburg
• Several lanes
• Frequent queues
The pilot
• 100 Volvo cars to selected leasing
customers between 2017-2018
• Autonomous Driving (driver not
supervising the drive) at selected roads
• Approx. 50 km around Gothenburg
• Autonomous parking
Focus areas
• Societal and economical
benefits: improving traffic
efficiency, traffic environment
and road safety
• Infrastructure aspects
• Suitable traffic situations
• Customer expectations on
autonomous vehicles
• How surrounding road users
interact with a self-driving car
• Legal aspects
The technology
• Camera
• Radar
• Laser
• Ultrasonic
• IMU
• GPS
• Map data
• Cloud connection
• Traffic Control Centre
Autonomous parking
• Space-efficient
• Possibility to use less
attractive areas
• Smooth & saves time
• Safe
• Cost-efficient for society
Autonomous Driving – What is the Problem?
Driver out of the loop
Self-driving vehicle must be able to handle all situations
(and prove that it can!)
2015-03-25
ISSUER: JONAS NILSSON; JNILSS94; 96021; SECURITY CLASS: PUBLIC
FUSE
FUnctional Safety and Evolvable
architectures for autonomy
FFI Project Partners: SP, Volvo Cars, KTH, Semcon, Qamcom
2015-03-25
ISSUER: JONAS NILSSON; JNILSS94; 96021; SECURITY CLASS: PUBLIC
Challenges: Driver Interaction
Non-traditional ISO 26262 hazards:
• Mode confusion - driver impression is that vehicle drives autonomously but
the autonomous function is deactivated due to that the driver has
unintentionally deactivated the autonomous function.
• Driver override - risks due to driver interaction making it worse than if the
driver had not interacted.
2015-03-25
ISSUER: JONAS NILSSON; JNILSS94; 96021; SECURITY CLASS: PUBLIC
Challenges: Other ITEMS
• Items outside vehicle (e.g. certified road signal)
• Effect on other items when autonomous mode is introduced
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2015-03-25
AD Mode: Faults that the driver will detect and react upon, e.g. flat tire
Manual Mode: Added failure modes for other items in vehicle
Arbitration with other functions (e.g. Collision Avoidance)
ISSUER: JONAS NILSSON; JNILSS94; 96021; SECURITY CLASS: PUBLIC
Challenges: Environment Sensing
Missed detections => e.g. No braking for obstacles
False detections => e.g. Unmotivated braking
Localisation error => e.g. Does not follow road
Situation dependent – Performance varies heavily between e.g. objects, weather,
lighting conditions.
2015-03-25
ISSUER: JONAS NILSSON; JNILSS94; 96021; SECURITY CLASS: PUBLIC
Summary
Driver out of the loop is a big change...
First self-driving cars where complexity is low
Main drivers:
- Use of Time
- Safety
2015-03-25
ISSUER: JONAS NILSSON; JNILSS94; 96021; SECURITY CLASS: PUBLIC