Self-Driving CARS DR. Jonas Nilsson Team Leader Dependability and Verification Volvo Car Group OUTLINE • Highly Automated Driving • The Drive Me Project • Some Safety Challenges Freeing up time to safely prioritise something else MAIN BENEFITS WITH AUTONOMOUS DRIVING • Safety • Environment • Traffic flow • Lower and more efficient infrastructure investments • Use of time A unique pilot with real customers in real-life traffic COOPERATION FOR SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY • A unique large-scale test of self-driving vehicles • Project started Dec 2013 • 100 self-driving lease-vehicles on public roads in 2017 • A world-unique project TEST ROUTE • Typical commuter routes in and around Gothenburg • Several lanes • Frequent queues The pilot • 100 Volvo cars to selected leasing customers between 2017-2018 • Autonomous Driving (driver not supervising the drive) at selected roads • Approx. 50 km around Gothenburg • Autonomous parking Focus areas • Societal and economical benefits: improving traffic efficiency, traffic environment and road safety • Infrastructure aspects • Suitable traffic situations • Customer expectations on autonomous vehicles • How surrounding road users interact with a self-driving car • Legal aspects The technology • Camera • Radar • Laser • Ultrasonic • IMU • GPS • Map data • Cloud connection • Traffic Control Centre Autonomous parking • Space-efficient • Possibility to use less attractive areas • Smooth & saves time • Safe • Cost-efficient for society Autonomous Driving – What is the Problem? Driver out of the loop Self-driving vehicle must be able to handle all situations (and prove that it can!) 2015-03-25 ISSUER: JONAS NILSSON; JNILSS94; 96021; SECURITY CLASS: PUBLIC FUSE FUnctional Safety and Evolvable architectures for autonomy FFI Project Partners: SP, Volvo Cars, KTH, Semcon, Qamcom 2015-03-25 ISSUER: JONAS NILSSON; JNILSS94; 96021; SECURITY CLASS: PUBLIC Challenges: Driver Interaction Non-traditional ISO 26262 hazards: • Mode confusion - driver impression is that vehicle drives autonomously but the autonomous function is deactivated due to that the driver has unintentionally deactivated the autonomous function. • Driver override - risks due to driver interaction making it worse than if the driver had not interacted. 2015-03-25 ISSUER: JONAS NILSSON; JNILSS94; 96021; SECURITY CLASS: PUBLIC Challenges: Other ITEMS • Items outside vehicle (e.g. certified road signal) • Effect on other items when autonomous mode is introduced • • • 2015-03-25 AD Mode: Faults that the driver will detect and react upon, e.g. flat tire Manual Mode: Added failure modes for other items in vehicle Arbitration with other functions (e.g. Collision Avoidance) ISSUER: JONAS NILSSON; JNILSS94; 96021; SECURITY CLASS: PUBLIC Challenges: Environment Sensing Missed detections => e.g. No braking for obstacles False detections => e.g. Unmotivated braking Localisation error => e.g. Does not follow road Situation dependent – Performance varies heavily between e.g. objects, weather, lighting conditions. 2015-03-25 ISSUER: JONAS NILSSON; JNILSS94; 96021; SECURITY CLASS: PUBLIC Summary Driver out of the loop is a big change... First self-driving cars where complexity is low Main drivers: - Use of Time - Safety 2015-03-25 ISSUER: JONAS NILSSON; JNILSS94; 96021; SECURITY CLASS: PUBLIC
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