NSW Department of Community Services Service Analysis and Business Development Tools & Templates WORKBOOK FOR NSW DoCS FUNDED CHILDREN’S SERVICES How to use this Workbook This workbook has been produced as a supplement to the ‘Service Analysis and Business Development Resource Manual: For NSW Children’s Services. It is a collection of tools and templates to assist services with their assessment and planning activities. On page 44 there is also a list of resources for further information. A business plan template has been designed for children’s services which can be downloaded from: www.mob.com.au/mob2007/sabd.html. SABD CHECKLIST The SABD Checklist is a tool that can be applied to all of your assessment and planning activities. Be clear about the purpose • Why do you want to do this activity? • What are you aiming to achieve? Engage the key people • Who needs to be involved to ensure success? (i.e. help achieve the desired outcomes) • Is everyone committed and prepared for the possibility of change? Review resources required • What do you already have that can contribute? • Do you need any other information? If so, where could you get it from? Develop an action plan • What are the key tasks? • Who will be responsible? • What is the timeframe? • How will you know when you achieve your goal? (i.e. measure) Example action plan GOAL TASK/S RESPONSIBLE DUE MEASURE 1. Develop a demographic profile of our community 1.1 Contact council for information 1.2 Look up ABS statistics 1.3 Refer to id website Authorised supervisor and management committee (secretary) March 2008 An up to date demographic profile is developed and approved by the management committee. KEY Action Template Guide 3 SECTION ONE Understanding Your Business Environment TOOLS AND TEMPLATES Scoping the Business Environment Checklist Page 6 A set of questions to assist in identifying information you may have. Demographic Profile Template 7 A template for entering demographic information which can be transferred to a business plan. Risk Management Analysis 8 A set of questions to assist in analysing risk management practises. Risk Analysis Action Plan Template 9 Assists in identifying the impact of risks and monitors control strategies. The NSW Legislative Framework Chart 10 A reference chart. 5 Scoping the Business Environment Please tick when complete Does your service have a map illustrating the geographical boundaries of the intake area? Do you know how many potential customers (children under six years) there are in your area? Do you have a list of other children’s services covering your area and have you identified their target group? Do you have information about your local government area that includes: • The numbers of families with children under six years of age • The numbers of families with children under six on low incomes • The projected numbers of children aged six and under for the coming five years • The SEIFA (socio-economic index for areas) for the suburb • The number of children’s services in the LGA and the numbers of places each service provides for different age groups? Do you have a list of potential partners in your area? 6 Refer to module one in the resource manual and page 44 in this workbook for more information. Demographic Profiling Template Service name Local catchment area boundaries Local Government Areas (LGAs) covered The SEIFA (socio-economic index for areas) index for the suburb/s Current numbers of families with children under 6 in the catchment area Current numbers of families with children under 6 on low incomes Work patterns of families in the area The number of children’s services in the LGA and the numbers of places each service provides for different age groups 7 Risk Management Analysis YES Does your management committee assume leadership and accept responsibility for risk management? Does your management committee appoint a “risk manager” (who can be a volunteer) as the person with responsibility for the risk management process? Does your management committee identify “key” people in your service to be involved in the risk management process? Has your management committee established a risk committee (of at least two persons, if possible) which is responsible for the risk management process? Has your risk management committee developed a risk management action plan(s) and reported it to the management committee? Does your management committee communicate the strategies to all appropriate levels of the service? Does your management committee address risk management periodically as a meeting agenda item? Does the risk committee monitor, review (at least annually) and report to the management committee via the risk manager? 8 For more information refer to module two in the resource manual and the resource list at the end of this workbook. NO eg. Fall in number of enrolments Indentification/ definition High Low Assessment of risk Impact Likelihood Marketing campaign Control strategies Run one per year Implementation of control strategies Publicity Officer Responsible Officer July each year Monitoring & review of effectiveness Risk Analysis Action Plan Template 9 The NSW Legislative Framework1 Chart NSW State Government • NSW Children’s Services Regulation 2004: www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_reg/csr2004287/ • Children and Young Persons (Care and Protection) Act 1998 www.community.nsw.gov.au/DOCS/STANDARD/PC_101108.htm • Occupation Health and Safety Regulations www.workcover.nsw.gov.au/Publications/LawAndPolicy/Regulations/ summaryohsreg2001.htm Anti Discrimination Legislation www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/adb/ll_adb.nsf/pages/adb_legal_database • Privacy Act. www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/privacynsw/ll_pnsw.nsf/pages/PNSW_03_fedprivact Federal • Anti-Discrimination Legislation www.hreoc.gov.au/ • Industrial and Financial Laws www.industrialrelations.nsw.gov.au/ • Privacy Act. www.privacy.gov.au/act/index.html Child Protection The legislation in place to ensure the protection of children and young people includes: • Children and Young Person (Care and Protection) Act 1998 • Commission for Children and Young People Act 1998 • Child Protection (Prohibited Employment) Act 1998 • Ombudsman Amendment (Child Protection and Community Services) Act 1998. Children and Young Person (Care and Protection) Act 1998 The objects of this Act are to provide: • That children and young persons receive such care and protection as is necessary for their safety, welfare and well-being, taking into account the rights, powers and duties of their parents or other persons responsible for them. • That all institutions, services and facilities responsible for the care and protection of children and young persons provide an environment for them that is free of violence and exploitation and provide services that foster their health, developmental needs, spirituality, self-respect and dignity. • That appropriate assistance is rendered to parents and other persons responsible for children and young persons in the performance of their child-rearing responsibilities in order to promote a safe and nurturing environment. Adapted from: Community Child Care Co-operative LTD. (NSW) http://ccccnsw.org.au/pdf/BusinessPlanProforma.doc pg pages 6-8 1 10 Commission for Children and Young People Act 1998 The Act requires that all people commencing paid work that primarily involves direct contact with children where that contact is unsupervised must be screened. This screening process incorporates: • A relevant national criminal record check • A check of relevant Apprehended Violence Orders, and • A review of relevant completed disciplinary proceedings the applicant may have had in previous employment. Under the Act employers may also screen current employees engaged in child-related employment and unpaid workers, such as volunteers. Child Protection (Prohibited Employment) Act 1998 The Act aims to prevent a “prohibited person” from gaining or remaining in specific types of child-related employment. An employer cannot employ a prohibited person for work which primarily involves direct contact with children where that contact is unsupervised. A prohibited person is a person convicted of committing a serious sex offence. For the purposes of this legislation a serious sex offence is an offence involving sexual activity or acts of indecency which is or was punishable by penal servitude or imprisonment for 12 months or more in New South Wales. NSW Ombudsman The NSW Ombudsman is the organisation charged with the responsibility of implementing the Ombudsman Act of 1974. The NSW Ombudsman’s role is to respond, monitor and investigate allegations of child abuse by staff in services and to respond to any complaints about inappropriate handling of complaints or allegations against employees. Anti Discrimination Law This law which is covered by both Commonwealth and State Acts applies to both the employment of staff as well as to children and families using, or wishing to use, a service. It prohibits any employer from discriminating on the basis of race, religion, sex, marital, disability, carer’s responsibility and homosexual and lesbian discrimination. Privacy Act The Privacy Act is also covered by both Commonwealth and State Acts. Commonwealth Privacy Act 1988 - Privacy Amendments (Private Sector) Act 2000 This Act applies to private sector organisations with an annual turnover of more than $3 million and all providers of health services, regardless of size. Children’s services can be considered health services. NSW Health Records Act 2001 The aim of the Health Records Act is to protect the privacy and management of personal health information. NSW Privacy In NSW public sector agencies are required to comply with the Privacy and Personal Information Protection Act 1998. The implementation of Information Protection Principles regulates the way in which the NSW public sector handles personal information. The Act defines personal information as any information or opinion about a person, whose identity is apparent or can be reasonably recognised from the information. 11 SECTION TWO Developing Your Business TOOLS AND TEMPLATES Results Based Accountability Implementation (RBA) Self Assessment Page 14 Self-assessment to identify areas for further development Business Plan Development Guidelines 16 These guidelines provide a list of suggested headings and content for a business plan. It can be used in conjunction with the business plan template available from: www.mob.com.au/mob2007/sabd.html. Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) Guide 17 This guide provides key areas and questions which can assist in the development of an MoU Key Steps in the Amalgamation Process Guide 18 This guide extends on information provided in module six of the resource manual. It may also be used as a checklist Types of Partnerships Table 20 This provides a basic overview of the level of partnerships, their characteristics as well as examples. 13 Results Based Accountability (RBA) Implementation Self Assessment YES NO Is your service familiar with RBA concepts? Are you able to identify the key results for your service? Can you identify how you will measure those results? Are you able to track your improvement over time? Do you review your RBA/key results when you are doing and reviewing your business plan? ACTION If you answered no to any of the questions please refer to module four in the resource manual and the list of resources at the end of this workbook for further information. For more information about the Department of Community Services’ approach to RBA please contact your local CSA. 14 Business Plan Development Guidelines A cover sheet The cover sheet includes your service’s name, logo and trademark, contact information and copyright notice. A signature page The chairperson of the board and/or key personnel should sign and date the document to endorse the business plan. A table of contents The contents page must accurately guide the reader through the details of the plan. An executive summary The executive summary is a comprehensive overview of your business plan and includes the goals of the service and why it will succeed. It is usually the first part (and sometimes the only part) of the plan that people read when deciding whether to fund or partner with your service. Tip: You should write the executive summary after you have completed your plan Although the summary is included towards the front of the document, it should be written after the entire plan has been completed, so that all the major points can be included. The summary needs to be clear and concise and include points such as: • What type of service you are (e.g. long-day care, mobile service, etc.) • The key features of your service delivery – the purpose of the plan (problem and solution) • Your service’s goals • Your service’s objectives • The keys to success – factors that will ensure the viability of the service. Service history This section gives a brief overview of the history of your service and the key milestones in its development, including the past successes in meeting its objectives. Your mission and vision statement A brief and clear statement about what your service does and what it hopes to achieve. The location and catchment area Include a simple map showing the catchment boundaries in this section. Further information can be found in Module One. The business environment The overview of the environment that your service operates in is an essential part of the plan. This includes information about the service’s stakeholders (including the community, parents, staff, government and other nongovernment agencies) and identifies the nature and size of other children’s services in the area and a statement about their relationship (if any) to your service. Further information can be found in Module One. Demographic profile A demographic profile describes the characteristics of the community or LGA your service is operating in. Further information can be found in Module One. 15 Corporate governance and management This section should include a diagram or flowchart illustrating the management arrangements of the service. A description of each position in the service, including the roles and responsibilities of the various office bearers on the management committee, should be incorporated in this section. This information is important for service continuity, such as when responsibilities are transferred to different people at the Annual General Meeting (AGM). This information can be placed at the front of the document or in the appendices. Further information can be found in Module 7. Strengths and risks analysis This section should include the details of the strengths and risks analysis of your service. A list of long-term goals and objectives Goals and objectives are the necessary steps to achieving the long-term goal of the service and enable your service to stay on track. You may prefer to include this information in your action plan (see point 16 below). Marketing plan The marketing plan contains the information that will enable your service to answer the following questions: • Who are your service users? • Who is your competition? • How does your service differ from your competitors? • What advantage do you have over your competitors? • Who is your target market? • What are the characteristics of your average service users? • What are the environmental factors in your service? • How will you market or promote your service and capitalise on your strengths and advantages? Assess land holding and building assets A list of the physical assets, their condition, who owns them and details of their current and/or potential use, is important. It is also important to document information on council rates and maintenance requirements. Information about rental property, the owner, and term of the lease and options for renewal, rent and outgoings should be documented. A list of other assets and their condition (such as motor vehicles and office equipment) should also be included in this section. The service budget Details of your service budget should be included in this section. It should also include a projected five year financial budget to ensure that the strategies in the plan are financially feasible and to provide a context for funding. Further information can be found in Module 8. A business development action plan All of the above sections should culminate in a forward plan for the service, taking into account the ultimate goals of viability, sustainability, improving access, affordability and quality of services across NSW. The sustainability action plan should be based on a clear statement of the proposed size, scope and nature of the services offered over the next five years, and the actions required to deliver against this statement. Being specific in developing the business development action plan ensures that everyone understands what the strategy actually is and that its success or otherwise can be determined. It is realistic for the long-term actions to be a little less specific than the short-term actions. The plan should clearly state what needs to be done, by whom, within what timeframe and how the strategy will be resourced. 16 Memorandum of Understanding Guide Memorandum of Understanding1 Between (enter partner service) and (enter partner service) 1. Period of Effect How long do you want this Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to be effective for? 2. Project Name or Title This MOU recognises and formalises the mutually beneficial relationship between and for the purpose of delivering…………..............................................................…………………………......… 3. Aims and Objectives What are the main aims and objectives of this partnership? What are the results all parties want to achieve? All objectives should be measurable for evaluation purposes. 4. Scope of the Partnership What will this MoU apply to? Is it related to one specific project or is it a general agreement affecting all interaction between the partner services? a. Your Service What are you prepared to commit your service to contributing to achieve the objectives of this partnership? b. Partner Service(s) What do you expect from the partner service(s)? 5. Agreed Principles Are there any specific policies, practices or values that must be adhered to for the success of this partnership? 6. Resources and Products How do you expect resources to be shared? Who will own equipment? Who will own intellectual property created by the partnership? 7. Publicity Do you require any specific marketing strategies for this partnership? Is there a project or partnership logo – something that will represent the collective rather than individual services? 8. Evaluation and Review How and when will the partnership be evaluated? 10. The MoU should be written in plain English. 11. Is there any other essential information for inclusion in this MoU? 12. Signatories Make sure people signing the agreement are authorised to engage in agreements on behalf of their services. Include date, name and signature and position titles. 17 Key Aspects of the Amalgamation Process Guide Before deciding to amalgamate it is critical to do a Self Analysis. This provides an opportunity to identify reasons for merging, including the benefits, risks and challenges. Preparation and planning When an agreement is reached developing a shared vision and deciding how best to formalise the relationship should be a priority. The following areas need to be considered: Governance (changes to the constitution, voting, standing committees and composition) Service name and structure Staffing and Administration Programs and services Finances Facilities Process for implementation (including legal requirements) Equity Transition issues Timeline for implementation Promotion and marketing 18 TIPS: Consultation This should include all stakeholders (including management committee members, staff and funding bodies) and may include Government, State and national bodies. Feedback Allow enough time for feedback and do not ignore any issues raised. Following the preparation and planning stage, the commitment stage begins, where the relationship is formalised legally. All parties should sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) which documents each party’s intentions and sets out relevant details of the amalgamation or merger. This covers aspects such as: • Legal issues – service name and constitution, winding up old bodies and creating new groups, notification to Department of Fair Trading NSW (www.fairtrading.nsw.gov.au). • Financial issues – accounting and banking systems, pre-amalgamation transactions, finalising contracts. • Governance issues – transitional board, voting rights, management committee functions, advisory and equity issues. • Management and staffing issues – industrial issues, transitional arrangements, staff requirements, location, policy and procedures, human resource management. • Timeline issues – deadlines and issues to be addressed before the merger and after the incorporation of the new body. Application forms and a processing fee must also be lodged at the Department of Fair Trading NSW before an amalgamation between two or more services can be formally recognised. The public officers (the official contact person for the incorporated association, usually a committee member) of both (or all) merging services need to sign the application forms. All property, debts and liabilities of the services being amalgamated will transfer across to the newly amalgamated body. If both services have a registered Australian Business Number (ABN) and/or are registered for Goods and Services Tax (GST), parties need to finalise any GST payment and Business Activity Statements (BAS) prior to cancelling their individual ABN and GST registrations. Further information and advice can be obtained from the Australian Taxation Office at www.ato.gov.au. It is recommended that each service seeks independent legal advice on the process of amalgamation. A good starting point for advice specifically for not-for-profit organisations is Pro Bono Australia www.probonoaustralia.com.au. 19 Following the completion of the formal processes integration occurs. This is where all parties learn how to work together under the new structure and is often the most difficult phase of the amalgamation. The areas that are crucial at this stage are: • • • • Making sure people are on side and supportive of the new service Providing clear orientation and clear direction in order to support the new amalgamation Proactively managing expectations (both internal and external) Providing open and honest information throughout the amalgamation process. 20 Be clear in what you are trying to achieve. Be truthful with your self-evaluation and realistic in your expectations of merger partners. Good personal relationships should be developed between key people with clear and honest communication. This should include staff and parents. Establish a working party to create a common vision of the “new” service. Formally commit to the new vision, keeping an open mind to the desired outcomes. Make sure you document the process. Allow for adequate training and support for staff to adopt the new entity. Make sure the process and timeline suits each service’s circumstances and requirements. Adequate time for planning and consultation is necessary. A strategic plan and business plan for the new service (based on the vision and agreed principles) should be developed with structures determined accordingly. Formal agreements and new governance structures should incorporate fairness, equity and “non-negotiables”. Be clear on what is non-negotiable and what you can be flexible about and compromise on. Independent advice should be sought to ensure you meet all the legal requirements, including industrial relations, tax and corporate affairs. Allow time for cultural integration and aim for early positive achievements. Develop team building strategies focusing on staff and committee members. Develop an effective communication strategy to ensure stakeholders are engaged and informed throughout the process. Types of Partnerships Table Level of partnership Characteristics Examples Cooperation/ Networking Sharing information and ideas. Promoting and referring to each other’s services. Establishing capacity building networks. Lobbying or campaigning on a major point of issue. Sharing of effective initiatives, ideas, strategies etc. One or more agencies or services (including funding bodies) coordinate or facilitate the delivery of specific service through the work of other agencies. Foster alignment of partner’s activities. Sponsorship or mentoring where one or more small services are supported by a larger service provider acting in an advisory role. Collaboration Cooperation plus sharing resources, staff responsibilities on joint projects and sharing publicity materials. Co-location of services, codelivery of services or shared outreach projects. Collective Management A new service with its own mission, culture, management, budgets and administration. Managed by partners from independent services. Joint ventures such as new programs managed by a collective of existing services who remain legally independent. Coordination Equality of status, shared decision making, responsibility and authority for a new program. Shared resources, risks and rewards. Holistic service delivery. Integration/ Amalgamation Services share so many resources and clients that it no longer makes sense to remain separate corporations. Jointly preparing funding submissions e.g. for DoCS, local council etc. Autonomous agencies with loose ties. Potentially large group of members with diverse interests. Subcontracting where one service takes on the task of engaging an expert service and subcontracts that service to others. Management of a service by another body, e.g. services managed by councils or church bodies. Merger where two or more services become one new entity. Alternatively, a new incorporated entity is created while parent agencies continue to function autonomously. Goal defined partnership. Small number of strong relationships. Partners undertake management functions. 21 SECTION THREE Managing and Sustaining Your Business TOOLS AND TEMPLATES Page Sample Board Charter Provides a framework for the management committee. 24 Management Committee Member Agreement Assists with newly appointed committee members. 26 Management Committee Member Induction Sheet A checklist for assisting in ensuring all relevant information is provided for induction. 28 Management Committee Self Assessment Tool A self assessment tool measuring performance. 29 Policy and Procedure Development Template A framework for basic policy and procedure development. 31 Internal Policy and Procedure Analysis Checklist Assists in identifying areas requiring further development. 32 Policy and Procedure Manual Assessment Tool Assists in identifying policies and procedures requiring further development. 33 Guide to Legislation and Industry Standards This guide highlights legislation which may assist in identifying considerations when developing policies and procedures. 34 Checklist for the Treasurer Key items to be considered by the Treasurer. 36 Example Reports • The Income and Expenditure Report • The Income and Expenditure Report (To Budget) • Balance Sheet • Accounts Receivable (Aged Debtors) • Accounts Payable (Aged Creditors) • Bank Register • Depreciation Report • Cash Flow Budget Report 37 23 The business of the Spring Chicken Preschool is managed under the direction of the management committee. The management committee is accountable to members for the performance of the service. Role of the management committee • The management committee has primary responsibility to members for the sustainability and relevance of the service by guiding and monitoring its business and affairs. • To serve the interests of the service, members, employees, clients and the broader community. • Each committee member will act in good faith in the best interests of the service as a whole, and collectively oversee and appraise the strategies, policies, processes and performance of the service using care and diligence to ensure the long-term sustainability of the service. • Committee members will not misuse their position to advance personal interests nor to bias others. Committee members will not use information available to them as committee members to advance personal interests or agendas and must inform the board of any conflicts or potential conflicts of interest they may have in relation to particular items of business. Committee members must absent themselves from discussion and decisions on those matters. Where a conflict of interest or potential conflict is not identified by a committee member, the chairperson or other committee members will call the matter to the attention of the committee member. Structure and composition • The constitution provides for the election of committee members and executive positions. • Each committee member must be a member of the service. Responsibilities of the Committee • To shape and set the strategic direction and mission of the service. • To monitor and improve, if necessary, the performance of the service in meeting its mission and strategic intentions. • Selection and appointment of the authorised supervisor, determining their conditions of employment and monitoring their performance against established objectives. • The management committee delegates to the authorised supervisor responsibility for implementing the strategic direction, and for managing the day-to-day operations of the service. • Reviewing senior staff and succession planning and development. • Developing the financial resources needed to support the strategic plan. • Providing expertise or access to policymakers to support service priorities. • Building/enhancing reputation of the service with key stakeholders/community. • Approving policies and procedures. • Monitoring financial outcomes and the integrity of reporting in particular, approving annual budgets and long-term financial commitments. • Setting specific limits of authority to commit to new expenditure, entering contracts or acquiring resources. • Ensuring that effective audit, risk management and compliance systems are in place to protect the services’ assets and to minimise the possibility of the service operating beyond legal requirements or beyond acceptable risk. 24 • Monitoring compliance with regulatory requirements and ethical standards. • Reporting to the members annually at the Annual General Meeting. • In discharging responsibilities, each committee member is bound by the Corporations Act, the constitution and all charters, policies and codes of conduct that are in force. • The committee members’ responsibilities are collegiate and, once decisions are made, board members must not publicly advocate policies contrary to established management committee decisions. • Contact between staff and management committee members is coordinated through the authorised supervisor. Role of the chairperson • To ensure that new management committee members are inducted and have access to information regarding the services’ operations. • Establish the agenda for committee meetings, in consultation with the authorised supervisor. • Be the main point of contact and communication between the management committee and the authorised supervisor ensuring that the committee members’ views are communicated clearly and accurately. • Act as primary support to the authorised supervisor • Review of the management committee members’ performance and review of the authorised supervisor performance, ensuring that the delegated authority of the authorised supervisor and expected key performance criteria for the authorised supervisor are clear. • Preside over management committee and general meetings of the service. They have the task of making sure the management committee is well informed and effective, that the members, individually and as a group, have the opportunity to air differences, explore ideas and generate the collective views and wisdom necessary for the proper operation of the committee and the service. • Set a standard for committee members in terms of attendance at meetings and prior familiarity with papers and issues to be raised. • Ensure that the meetings are conducted competently, ethically and in an open fashion consistent with a transparent culture. Provide effective leadership in formulating the strategic direction for the service. • Ensure that general meetings are conducted efficiently and that members have adequate opportunity to air their views and obtain answers to their queries. Review of performance The management committee will conduct, at least every two years, a review of its performance. The method of conducting each review, and the extent of that review, is for the management committee to determine. Review of the charter The management committee will review this charter every three years to coincide with the service’s planning cycle and confirm that it remains consistent with the objectives and responsibilities of the committee, and relevant standards of corporate governance. 25 Management Committee Member Agreement Agreement One As a management committee member of (name of service) I am fully committed and dedicated to the mission and have pledged to carry out this mission. I understand that my duties and responsibilities include the following: 1. I am fiscally responsible, with other management committee members, for this service. I will know what our budget is and take an active part in reviewing, approving and monitoring the budget and fundraising to meet it. 2. I know my legal responsibilities for this service and those of my fellow management committee members. I will work with my fellow management committee members to know and oversee the implementation of policies and programs. 3. I know and accept the by-laws of this service and understand that I am morally responsible for the health and wellbeing of this service. 4. I will actively engage in fundraising for this service. 5. I will actively promote (name of service) and encourage and support its staff. 6. I will attend management committee meetings, be available for phone consultation and serve on at least one committee. 7. If I am not able to meet my obligations as a management committee member, I will offer my resignation. 8. In signing this document, I understand that no rigid standards of measurement and achievement are being formed. Every management committee member is making a statement of faith about every other management committee member. We trust each other to carry out the above agreements to the best of our ability. SIGNED: ………………………………………………………………………. Dated:………………………………… 26 Agreement Two The chairperson should sign two copies of this agreement for each management committee member. Each new management committee member should sign both, return one copy and keep the other for reference. I, understand that as a member of the management committee of , I have a legal and ethical responsibility to ensure that the service does the best work possible in pursuit of its goals. I believe in the purpose and the mission of the service, and I will act responsibly and prudently as its steward. As part of my responsibilities as a management committee member: 1. I will interpret the service’s work and values to the community, represent the service and act as a spokesperson. 2. I will attend at least 75% of committee meetings and special events. 3. Each year I will make a personal financial contribution at a level that is meaningful to me. 4. I will actively participate in one or more fundraising activities. 5. I will act in the best interests of the service and excuse myself from discussions and votes where I have a conflict of interest. 6. I will stay informed about what is going on in the service. I will ask questions and request information. 7. I will participate in and take responsibility for making decisions on issues, policies and other management committee matters. 8. I will work in good faith with staff and other management committee members as partners towards achievement of our goals. 9. If I don’t fulfil these commitments to the service, I will expect the chairperson to call me and discuss my responsibilities with me. In turn, the service will be responsible to me in several ways: 1. I will be sent, without request, quarterly financial reports and to remain updated on service activities that allow me to meet the “prudent person” standards of law. 2. Opportunities will be offered to me to discuss with the director (or equivalent) and the chairperson the service’s programs, goals, activities and status; additionally I can request such opportunities. 3. The service will help me perform my duties by keeping me informed about issues in the industry and field in which we are working and by offering me opportunities for professional development as a management committee member. 4. Management committee members and staff will respond in a straightforward fashion to questions that I feel are necessary to carry out my fiscal, legal and moral responsibilities to this service. Management committee members and staff will work in good faith with me towards achievement of our goals. 5. If the service does not fulfil its commitments to me, I can call on the chairperson and director (or equivalent) to discuss the service’s responsibilities to me. Signed: Member, Management Committee Signed: Chairperson, Management Committee 27 Management Committee Member Induction Sheet2 Please tick when complete Meet with the Chairperson and authorised supervisor Visit the service’s premises and meet the staff Receive a history of the service Be provided the most recent annual report, constitution and key policy documents Be provided the most recent audited financial statement Be provided the strategic plan and budget, including the services’ code of ethics Be provided the list of current management committee members, titles and affiliations Be provided the staff organisation chart and list of programs provided Be provided the service’s newsletter, brochures and other publications (if applicable) Be provided a brief biography of the authorised supervisor Be provided the two or three recent sets of management committee minutes Be provided the management committee role descriptions 2Adapted from Fishel, D. The book of the Board - effective Governance for non-profit organisations: 2003 The Federation press, Sydney– Page 32 28 Management Committee Self Assessment Tool3 Assessing the management committee’s current performance on key functions Please rate the performance of the management committee against these nine responsibilities. Key management committee responsibilities Developing Satisfactory Distinctive 1. Clarifying the service’s mission or vision 2. Resolving key strategic or policy issues 3. Developing the authorised supervisor 4. Developing the financial resources needed to support the strategy 5. Providing expertise or access to policymakers to support service priorities 6. Building/enhancing reputation of the service with key stakeholders/community 7. Overseeing financial performance and ensuring adequate risk management 8. Assessing performance of the service against its mission and key priorities 9. Improving management committee performance Adapted by Matrix on Board from Mckinsey ‘Capacity Building in Nonprofit Organisations’ 2006: Venture Philanthropy Partners 3 29 As you complete this section identify the areas your management committee needs to focus on over the following one or two years. How important is it for the management committee to focus on: Low Medium High 1. Clarifying the service’s mission and vision 2. Resolving key strategic or policy issues 3. Supporting the authorised supervisor 4. Developing the financial resources needed to support the strategy 5. Providing expertise or access to policymakers to support service priorities 6. Building/enhancing the reputation of the service with key stakeholders/community 7. Overseeing financial performance and ensuring adequate risk management 8. Assessing performance of the service against its mission and key program priorities 9. Improving management committee performance 30 Use these results to inform key areas for development. Refer to module seven and the list of other resources at the end of this manual. Policy and Procedure Development Template Title of policy Section the policy belongs to A clear statement of purpose An explicit statement of the expectation Who the policy applies to or the circumstances it applies to The consequences of non-compliance Date created Date to be reviewed Actual date reviewed Procedure List of relevant forms, checklist etc. to be included List of relevant legislations, legal obligations e.g. 31 Internal Policy and Procedure Analysis Checklist Development YES Are staff involved in the development of policies that affect them? Do staff and management committee members understand the process of policy development? Implementation Are staff trained to understand and use the policies and procedures? Does induction of new staff include policy and procedure training? Does induction of new management committee members include policy and procedure training? Do job descriptions specify that staff must work in accordance with the policies and procedures? Do performance appraisals and supervision allow for monitoring adherence and provide feedback opportunities for the staff member? Maintenance and Review Is the person responsible for the policy review aware of their duties and is it included in their job description? Is there a plan to ensure policies are reviewed frequently? Are policies reviewed regularly? Are policies dated when reviewed? Are policies easily accessible to all staff? 32 All questions should be answered ‘yes’ to comply with good practice. Review practices, developing an action plan where necessary. NO Policy and Procedures Manual Assessment Tool Using the recommended Policy and Procedures Manual contents found in Module Eight: a. Look at each heading b. Answer the following questions YES NO Is this relevant to your service? Is the policy included in your Policy and Procedures Manual? If so, is the policy and procedure easily understood? Is the policy and procedure up to date? Is it cross referenced with other relevant sections? Where applicable is it based on relevant legislation or industry standards? For policies and procedures that need to be developed or reviewed you will need to develop an action plan. Research examples and refer to the DoCs good practice guidelines as listed in the resource list at the end of this manual for further assistance. 33 Guide to Legislation and Industry Standards Area Content Roles and responsibilities of the management committee Associations Incorporations Act 1984 Trades Practices Act (section 52) – prohibits deceptive conduct or conduct that is likely to mislead or deceive Occupational Health Safety Act 2000 OHS Regulations 2001 Legal Associations Incorporations Act 1984 Child care regulations Child and Young Persons (Care and Protection Act) 1998 Child Care Act 2002 Ombudsman’s Act Children’s Services Regulation 2004 Financial Associations Incorporations Act 1984 Charitable Fundraising Act 1991 Australian Accounting Standards Annual General Meeting Associations Incorporations Act 1984 Staff Commonwealth Privacy Act 1988 Anti Discrimination Act 1977 Relevant award or agreement Occupational Health Safety Act 2000 OHS Regulations 2001 Workplace Injury Management and Workers Compensation Act 1998 Public officer Associations Incorporations Act 1984 Code of Conduct for management committee members Associations Incorporations Act 1984 Election of management committee members Associations Incorporations Act 1984 Information management (privacy) Commonwealth Privacy Act 1988 Personnel files Commonwealth Privacy Act 1988 Building maintenance Occupational Health Safety Act 2000 OHS Regulations 2001 Policies and relevant Award/s or Employment Agreements Relevant Award or Agreement Equal employment opportunity Equal Employment Opportunity Principle Anti Discrimination Act 1977 Equal Opportunity for Women in Workplace Act 1999 Governance Management, operations and administration 34 Legislation Area Content Recruitment and selection EEO principles Workers’ compensation Worker Compensations Act 1987 Bullying, discrimination and harassment Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Act 1999 Disability Discrimination Act 1992 Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Act 1986 Racial Discrimination Act 1975 Sex Discrimination Act 1984 Industrial Relations Act 1988 Termination of employment Relevant Award or Agreement Redundancy Relevant Award or agreement Fire safety and evacuation Occupational Health Safety Act 2000 OHS Regulations 2001 Risk Management – Hazard identification – Risk assessments Occupational Health Safety Act 2000 OHS Regulations 2001 Delegation of responsibilities Occupational Health Safety Act 2000 OHS Regulations 2001 Work place accidents Occupational Health Safety Act 2000 OHS Regulations 2001 Return to work/rehabilitation Workplace Injury Management and Workers Compensation Act 1998 Privacy Commonwealth Privacy Act 1988 Fundraising Charitable Fundraising Act 1991 Child protection Children and Young Persons (Care and Protection) Act 1998 Commission for Children and Young Act 1998 Ombudsman Act 1974 part 3a Child Protection Human resource management Occupational health and safety Clients and stakeholders Legislation 35 Checklist for the Treasurer CHECK 36 Current assets exceed current liabilities Cash at bank amount on balance sheets equals the total of the bank reconciliation Total of the bank’s statement matches the bank reconciliation Aged debtors (receivables) report matches balance sheet Balance sheet accumulated earnings (from the Profit and Loss Statement) are not trending downwards without an acceptable explanation Taxes (GST/PAYG/Superannuation) have been paid on time. The Income and Expenditure Report Example Spring Chicken Preschool Income and Expenditure Report [2007] for the period1 July 2006 to 31 March 2007 ( 9months) Income Grant DoCS Grants Other Donations Enrolment fees Parent fees Interest received Actual (Month) Actual (YTD) $10,742 $0 $650 $521 $18,320 $0 $96,675 $8,000 $4,100 $3,750 $181,020 $630 $30,233 $294,175 $125 $0 $60 $840 $120 $0 $800 $365 $202 $50 $450 $1,750 $243 $350 $5,355 $2,650 $2,850 $560 $7,500 $650 $12,300 $800 $2,820 $1,432 $520 $3,654 $12,104 $2,010 $2,760 $52,610 Salaries and wages Annual leave Recruitment costs Superannuation Workers compensation Salaries and wages Training and development (staff) Sub Total Salaries and Wages $100 $0 $2,001 $0 $22,650 $0 $24,751 $2,982 $0 $17,650 $7,650 $199,432 $430 $228,144 Total $30,106 $280,754 $127 $13,421 Total Expenditure Advertising and Promotion Audit fee Bank charges (Building Repayments) Cleaning Computer expenses Insurance (general) Insurance (public liability) Interest paid Postage, freight and couriers Printing and stationery Program materials Repairs and maintenance Telephone and fax Utilities Sub Total Administration Surplus/deficit 37 The Income and Expenditure Report (to Budget) Example Spring Chicken Preschool Income and Expenditure Report [2007] for the period 1 July 2006 to 31 March 2007 (9 months) Income Grant DoCS Grants Other Donations Enrolment fees Parent fees Interest received Total Annual Budget Budget (This Month) Actual (Month) Variance $ $128,900 $10,000 $5,000 $5,000 $234,630 $800 $384,330 $10,742 $833 $417 $417 $19,553 $67 $32,028 $3,000 $3,800 $250 $317 $125 $0 $125 $317 Budget (YTD) Actual (YTD) Variance $ $96,675 $8,000 $4,100 $3,750 $181,020 $630 $294,175 $0 $500 $350 $0 $5,048 $30 $5,928 0% 7% 9% 0% 3% 5% 2% $2,250 $2,850 $2,650 $2,850 ($400) $0 -18% 0% $10,742 $0 $96,675 $0 ($833) $7,500 $650 $233 $3,750 $521 $104 $3,750 $18,320 ($1,233) $175,973 $0 ($67) $600 $30,233 ($1,795) $288,248 Variance (%) Expenditure Advertising and Promotion Audit fee Bank charges (Building Repayments) Cleaning Computer expenses Insurance (general) Insurance (public liability) Interest paid Postage, freight and couriers Printing and stationery Program materials Repairs and maintenance Telephone and fax Utilities Sub Total Administration Salaries and wages Annual leave Recruitment costs Superannuation Workers compensation Salaries and wages Training & Development (staff) Sub Total Salaries and Wages $700 $10,000 $680 $17,000 $800 $3,600 $2,000 $750 $5,000 $18,000 $2,650 $4,500 $72,480 $58 $833 $57 $1,417 $67 $300 $167 $63 $417 $1,500 $221 $375 $6,040 $60 $840 $120 $0 $800 $365 $202 $50 $450 $1,750 $243 $350 $5,355 ($2) ($7) ($63) $1,417 ($733) ($65) ($35) $13 ($33) ($250) ($22) $25 $685 $525 $7,500 $510 $12,750 $600 $2,700 $1,500 $563 $3,750 $13,500 $1,988 $3,375 $54,360 $560 $7,500 $650 $12,300 $800 $2,820 $1,432 $520 $3,654 $12,104 $2,010 $2,760 $52,610 ($35) $0 ($140) $450 ($200) ($120) $68 $43 $96 $1,396 ($23) $615 $1,750 -7% 0% -27% 4% -33% -4% 5% 8% 3% 10% -1% 18% 3% $3,500 $1,000 $22,916 $10,704 $267,622 $1,200 $306,942 $292 $83 $1,910 $892 $22,302 $100 $25,579 $100 $0 $2,001 $0 $22,650 $0 $24,751 $192 $83 ($91) $892 ($348) $100 $828 $2,625 $750 $17,187 $8,028 $200,717 $900 $230,207 $2,982 $0 $17,650 $7,650 $199,432 $430 $228,144 ($357) $750 ($463) $378 $1,285 $470 $2,063 -14% 100% -3% 5% 1% 52% 1% Total $379,422 $31,619 $30,106 $1,513 $284,567 $280,754 $3,813 1% $4,908 $409 $127 $13,421 $9,740 265% Surplus/deficit 38 $282 $3,681 Balance Sheet Example Spring Chicken Preschool Balance Sheet as at 31 March 2007 Assets Current Assets Operating Account Cash Management Total Bank Accounts Deposits Paid Petty Cash Accounts Receivable Total Other Assets Fixed Assets Motor Vehicle (less Accum Dep'n) Furniture and Fittgs (less Accum Dep'n) Computer Eqpmnt (less Accum Dep'n) Total Fixed Assets $107,837 $22,430 $130,267 $2,000 $500 $12,846 $15,346 $11,432 $4,687 $19,317 $35,436 Total Assets $181,049 Liabilities Current Liabilities Credit Card Creditors Grants in Advance Total Liabilities GST Liabilities GST Collected GST Paid Total GST Liabilities Tax and SGC Liabilities Tax Payable:General PAYG Withholding Superannuation Payable Prior Year PAYG Liability Total Tax and SGC Liabilities Employee entitlements Provision - Holiday Pay Provisions - Long Service Leave Total Provisions $2,260 $12,345 $13,021 $27,626 $10,539 ($8,219) $2,320 $8,475 $13,655 $5,681 $19,336 $22,560 $11,270 $33,830 Total Liabilities $83,112 Net Assets Equity Retained Earnings Current Earnings Total Equity $97,937 $84,516 $13,421 $97,937 39 Accounts Receivable (Aged Debtors) Example Spring Chicken Preschool Accounts Receivable as at 31 March 2007 Name of Debtor Department of Services Big Boy Fundraising Happy Municipal Council Department of Housing Total: Total Due $5,400 $3,000 $65 $4,381 $12,846 0-30 Days 31-60 Days 61-90 Days 90+ Days $5,400 $3,000 $65 Accounts $4,381 $4,381 $3,000 $5,400 Accounts Payable (Aged Creditors) Example Spring Chicken Preschool Accounts Payable as at 31 March 2007 Name of Creditor Total Due 0-30 Days 31-60 Days All Clean Cleaning Pumpy's Car Wash Smith's Consultants Officeworks Telstra All Electricity Company ABC Real Estate Big Gun Security Workers Compensation Insurance Lenny's Catering Total: $960 $32 $4,320 $600 $940 $430 $2,400 $120 $640 $320 40 $2,450 $93 $12,345 61-90 Days 90+ Days $32 $4,320 $160 $940 $230 $1,200 $430 $1,200 $120 $90 $120 $2,450 $93 $7,353 $2,300 $122 $2,570 Bank Register Example Spring Chicken Preschool Bank Register as at 31 March 2006 Date 1-1110 11-Mar-06 13-Mar-06 17-Mar-06 26-Mar-06 26-Mar-06 26-Mar-06 26-Mar-06 27-Mar-06 29-Mar-06 29-Mar-06 29-Mar-06 29-Mar-06 29-Mar-06 30-Mar-06 2-1190 5-Mar-06 5-Mar-06 5-Mar-06 5-Mar-06 25-Mar-06 25-Mar-06 25-Mar-06 29-Mar-06 29-Mar-06 29-Mar-06 Memo/Payee Bendigo Bank Account 112111 Metropolitan Electricity WLJ Real Estate RACV Ltd Payment: The Motor Company Payment: Footloose Dance Studio Payment: My Town Realty Payment: A-Z Stationery Supplies WLJ Real Estate Payment: James Cameron Payment: The Motor Company Payment: My Town Realty Payment: Footloose Dance Studio Payment: Island Way Motel Ultra Tune Deposit Withdrawal $125.35 $465.00 $89.75 $3,755.16 $411.68 $381.74 $46.20 $465.00 $104.70 $929.29 $2,309.71 $2,033.09 $64.00 $225.00 $17,063.64 $1,370.10 $0.00 $661.54 $841.85 $329.23 $1,042.46 $471.90 $4,371.36 $352.19 $25.00 $150.00 $108.20 $8,351.73 Visa Credit Card Mary Jones Alan Long Peter Parker Sue Smith Metropolitan Electricity Mojo Advertising Underwater Springs Pty Ltd WLJ Real Estate Curbys Super Stands Curbys Super Stands 41 Depreciation Report Example Spring Chicken Preschool Depreciation Schedule as at 31 March 2007 Asset ID 236 321 Asset Computer Data Server System Purchase Date Cost Price 1/09/2003 $5,000 1/12/2005 $20,161 Year OWDV Depreciation Depreciation Accumulated Rate Depreciation 2004 $5,000 33% $1,250 $1,250 $3,750 2005 $3,750 33% $1,665 $2,915 $2,085 2006 $2,085 33% $1,249 $4,164 $836 2006 $20,161 33% $1,680 $1,680 $18,481 Total Computer Equipment 237 Compactus $19,317 1/12/2003 $6,048 2004 $6,048 10% $302 $302 2005 $5,746 10% $605 $907 $5,141 2006 $5,141 10% $454 $1,361 $4,687 Total Furniture and Equipment 128 322 Motor Vehicle NCS 124 Motor Vehicle DSA 988 Total Motor Vehicles 42 CWDV $5,746 $4,687 1/03/2001 1/09/2005 $21,100 $13,065 2001 $21,100 25% $1,319 $1,319 $19,781 2002 $19,781 25% $5,275 $6,594 $14,506 2003 $14,506 25% $5,275 $11,869 $9,231 2004 $9,231 25% $5,275 $17,144 $3,956 2005 $3,956 25% $3,956 $21,100 $0 2006 $0 25% $0 $21,100 $0 2006 $13,065 25% $1,633 $1,633 $11,432 $11,432 Bank Balance $5,100 $540 $6,040 Parent Fees Interest Total Income $38,250 New Bank Balance $25,010 $35,620 $10,610 ($12,950) Net ($13,240) $6,500 $39,640 Total Expenditure $18,740 $18,990 Audit $340 Telephone $6,000 $14,300 $50,250 $5,100 $150 $45,000 $25,010 Sep $12,500 $340 $6,000 $12,400 $5,500 $5,200 $300 $38,250 Aug Insurance $540 $6,000 Rent Workers Compensation $12,450 Payroll Expenditure $400 $51,200 Donations Government Grants Income Jul $32,940 $340 $14,500 $6,000 $12,100 $5,500 $5,100 $400 $23,030 Nov $23,030 ($4,410) ($12,590) ($27,440) $18,690 $340 $6,000 $12,350 $6,100 $500 $5,100 $500 $35,620 Oct $23,700 $28,110 $20,590 $340 $6,000 $14,250 $48,700 $2,500 $1,200 $45,000 ($4,410) Dec $10,980 ($12,720) $16,670 $120 $6,300 $10,250 $3,950 $400 $3,500 $50 $23,700 Jan ($2,810) ($13,790) $19,090 $340 $6,300 $12,450 $5,300 $5,100 $200 $10,980 Feb $26,700 $29,510 $20,990 $340 $6,300 $14,350 $50,500 $5,200 $300 $45,000 ($2,810) Mar Spring Chicken Preschool Cash Flow Budget as at 1 July 2006 $13,750 ($12,950) $19,090 $340 $6,300 $12,450 $6,140 $540 $5,200 $400 $26,700 Apr $200 ($13,550) $19,090 $340 $6,300 $12,450 $5,540 $5,200 $340 $13,750 May $31,650 $31,450 $19,150 $400 $6,300 $12,450 $50,600 $5,200 $400 $45,000 $200 Jun Cash Flow Budget Report Example 43 Other Resources MODULE 1 Scoping the Business Environment www.abs.gov.au The Australian Bureau of Statistics website. www.id.com.au/home/default.asp The id community snapshot website provides a free and accessible socio-demographic snapshot of your community based on the latest Australian Bureau of Statistics Census data. www.nsw.gov.au/popular_list.asp?KW=Home%2BPages%2BLocal%2BGovernment List of Local Government websites. MODULE 2 Identifying Strengths and Risks www.community.nsw.gov.au/DOCSWR/_assets/main/documents/EOI/PEER_PERFORM ANCE_FRAMEWRK.PDF Department of Community Services Performance Management Framework www.community.nsw.gov.au/DOCSWR/_assets/main/documents/Fraud_risk.pdf Department of Community Services Fraud Risk Assessment Tool for Service Providers www.community.nsw.gov.au/html/comm_partners/good_practice_guidelines.htm Department of Community Services Good Practice Guidelines www.community.nsw.gov.au/DOCS/STANDARD/PC_100939.htm NSW Ombudsman Guidelines for Community Services Providers MODULE 3 Legislation for Children’s Services www.community.nsw.gov.au/DOCS/STANDARD/PC_101134.htm Department of Community Services Guide to Children’s Services Licensing www.legislation.nsw.gov.au The Children’s Services Regulation 2004 www.legislation.nsw.gov.au The Children and Young Person’s (Care and Protection) Act 1998 www.kids.nsw.gov.au The NSW Commission for Children and Young People 45 MODULE 4 Using a Results Based Approach to Service Delivery www.community.nsw.gov.au/DOCSWR/_assets/main/documents/funding_policy.pdf DoCS Funding Policy www.community.nsw.gov.au/DOCS/STANDARD/PC_100938.htm DoCS Funding Reform Updates www.community.nsw.gov.au/DOCS/STANDARD/PC_100937.htm DoCS approach to Results Based Accountability www.raguide.org The Results Accountability Implementation Guide www.resultsaccountability.com Results Accountability Fiscal Policy Studies Institute MODULE 5 The Business Planning Process www.growthink.com Growthink 2007 Business Plan Guide www.mob.com.au/mob2007/sabd.html SABD business plan template www.ourcommunity.com.au Our Community Understanding Business Planning www.planigent.com/html/template.html The Social Enterprise Handbook – Part 3 The Enterprise Plan: a Business Plan Outline www.dsr.nsw.gov.au/ NSW Department of Sport and Recreation The Strategic Business Plan - a guide to preparation for not-for-profit sport and recreation organisations www.business.vic.gov.au Business Victoria Start Run and Grow your Business 46 MODULE 6 Options for Building a Strong and Sustainable Business www.ourcommunity.com.au/files/essential_facts_business.pdf Our Community - Community Partnerships – The Essential Facts: Partnership Planner www.lgpartnerships.com Ignto and EDuce Ltd. Smarter Partnerships: Reviewing partnerships and making them work www.fairtrading.nsw.gov.au NSW Office of Fair Trading www.ato.gov.au Australian Taxation Office www.uwex.edu/li/learner/sites_strategic.htm The Learner Resource Centre www.themillergroup.com.au Partnerships in Focus – A Self Assessment for Inter-Agency Partnerships L. Cook, 2005, Wesley Dalmar Child and Family Services. www.recsport.sa.gov.au South Australian Office of Sport and Recreation A Guide for Recreation and Sporting Clubs www.qld.gov.au/ngo/networks/collaboration/collaboration-05.pdf Commonwealth of Australia Mutual benefit – Community and Business Coming Together MODULE 7 Corporate Governance and Management www.fairtrading.nsw.gov.au/pdfs/corporate/publications/ft119.pdf Model rules for incorporated associations Fishel, D. The book of the Board - effective Governance for non-profit organisations: 2003 The Federation press, Sydney www.community.nsw.gov.au/DOCS/STANDARD/PC_100939.htm Department of Community Services Good Practice Guidelines www.community.nsw.gov.au/DOCSWR/_assets/main/documents/EIP_service_ provisions.pdf Department of Community Services Service Agreement www.ourcommunity.com.au/boards/boards_main.jsp Our Community Boards www.ncoss.org.au/msu/index.html National Council of Social Services (NCOSS) Management Support Unit 47 MODULE 8 Policy and Procedures www.community.nsw.gov.au/DOCS/STANDARD/PC_100939.htm Department of Community Service Good Practice Guidelines www.ncac.gov.au National Childcare Accreditation Council www.mapl.com.au/support/support2.html Paul Bullen, Management Alternatives MODULE 9 Managing Finances and Service Budgeting Fishel, D., The book of the Board - effective Governance for non-profit organisations (Sydney: The Federation Press, 2003) Birt, I., Recordkeeping and financial control in your small business (Sydney: Prentice Hall, 2000) Herrington, J., Financial and Strategic Management for Non-profit Organisations – A comprehensive Reference to Legal, Financial, Management, and Operations Rules and Guidelines for Nonprofits (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Inc, 2000) www.mob.com.au/mob2007/COA.html NSW Standard Chart of Accounts www.ey.com/global/content.nsf/australia/library Selection of reports, papers, surveys and analysis by Ernst and Young 48
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