1. No category

Frank K. Wolf and Stefan Yamada
Data
Modeling
in SAP Net Weaver* BW
•.
Galileo Press
Bonn
•
Contents
17
Audience
1.1
Target
1.2
Structure of the Book
18
1.3
How to Use This Book
20
1.4
Acknowledgments
21
2.1
SAP NetWeaver BW
as a
Data Warehouse
24
(DWH) System
2.2
Conceptual, Logical,
2.3
Modeling Methods
2.4
2.5
and
Physical
Data Model
26
27
2.3.1
ER Model
27
2.3.2
ADAPT Model
29
Conceptual Multidimensional Modeling
33
2.4.1
Dimensions
34
2.4.2
Key Figures
36
Logical Multidimensional Modeling
42
2.5.1
Flat
42
2.5.2
Star Schema
44
2.5.3
Galaxies
46
2.5.4
Fact Constellation Schema
47
2.5.5
Snowflake Schema
48
2.5.6
BW Star Schema
49
2.5.7
Operational
Reporting
Structure
Data Store
Multidimensional
(ODS)
Modeling
50
51
2.6
Physical
2.7
Conclusion
51
3.1
SAP NetWeaver
53
3.1.1
54
Service Orientation
7
Contents
3.1.2
3.2
Key
58
Administration and Metadata
60
3.2.2
Overview of Reporting and
3.2.4
3.2.5
4
4.2
4.3
8
BW
64
66
68
69
BEx WAD
70
3.2.7
BEx
71
3.2.8
BEx Broadcaster
3.2.9
SAP NetWeaver Visual
SAP
Report Designer
73
Composer
BusinessObjects
Web Intelligence
73
76
77
3.3.2
Crystal Reports
3.3.3
Xcelsius
3.3.4
SAP
BusinessObjects
Universes
80
3.3.5
SAP
BusinessObjects
Live Office
81
3.3.6
SAP
BusinessObjects Explorer
78
79
Conclusion
Structure of
4.1
Using SAP NetWeaver
BEx Query Designer
BEx Web Analyzer
BEx Analyzer
Management
Analysis
3.2.6
3.3.1
3.4
55
3.2.1
3.2.3
3.3
Areas of SAP NetWeaver
Overview of SAP NetWeaver BW 7.x
a BW
81
82
Data Model
85
InfoObjects
86
4.1.1
Characteristics
4.1.2
Key Figures
4.1.3
Currencies and Units
110
4.1.4
Times
112
88
99
Master Data in SAP NetWeaver BW
113
4.2.1
Texts
113
4.2.2
Attributes
116
4.2.3
External Hierarchies
120
DSOs
128
4.3.1
DSOs
Creating
4.3.2
Standard DSO
131
4.3.3
4.3.4
Write-Optimized DSO
DSO for Direct Update
135
4.3.5
Summary Comparison
129
of DSOs
134
136
Contents
4.4
4.4.1
4.6
5
Physical
Modeling
an
InfoCube
141
4.5.1
Direct Access with VirtualProviders
142
4.5.2
RDA
145
Conclusion
148
Modeling
151
152
LSA
Procedure when
Developing
Customer-Specific LSA
5.1.1
a
153
Model of the Reference Architecture
5.1.2
Layer
5.1.3
Domains
5.1.4
LSA Assistant
154
167
Blocks
Building
and Flexibility When Making Changes
5.1.5
LSA
5.2
Naming
Conventions
5.3
Information Integration
5.4
139
Providers for Real-Time Data Access
Reference Architecture for Data
5.1
6
138
Data Model
4.4.2
4.5
137
InfoCubes
170
172
175
as a
Prerequisite
for
Cross-Sectional Evaluations
180
Conclusion
183
Business Content
185
186
Principles
6.1
Basic
6.2
Master Data in SAP NetWeaver BW
190
6.2.1
Customer
191
6.2.2
Material
6.3
192
6.2.3
Organizational
6.2.4
Characteristics
193
Accounts
195
6.2.5
Employees
195
6.2.6
Time Characteristics
196
6.2.7
Currencies
198
SAP NetWeaver BW in Fl
200
6.3.1
G/L
200
6.3.2
Accounts Receivable
6.3.3
Accounts
6.3.4
Asset
Reporting
Reporting
201
Payable Reporting
202
Accounting Reporting
203
9
Contents
6.3.5
6.3.6
6.4
Special Purpose Ledger Reporting
Travel Expense Reporting
SAP NetWeaver BW in CO
6.4.1
205
206
6.4.3
Reporting
Product Cost Reporting
Profitability Analysis Reporting
6.4.4
Profit Center
212
6.4.2
Reporting
SAP NetWeaver BW in SD
Quotation and Order Reporting
6.5.2
(Application 11)
Delivery Reporting (Application 12)
Invoice Reporting (Application 13)
SAP NetWeaver BW in HR
6.6.1
Personnel Administration
6.6.3
Time
210
217
219
219
220
Reporting
(0HR_PA*)
6.6.2
209
212
6.5.1
6.5.3
6.6
205
Reporting and Overhead
Cost Center
Cost
6.5
204
220
Management Reporting (0HR.PT*)
Payroll Reporting (OHR_PY*)
221
222
6.7
Classification Data
6.8
Activation and Enhancement
223
6.8.1
223
6.8.2
Activating
Activating
222
Business Content in SAP ECC
Business Content in
224
SAP NetWeaver BW
6.8.3
Enhancing
6.8.4
Reading
a
225
DataSource
Information in the BW Backend
226
6.9
Miscellaneous
229
6.10
Conclusion
229
^^M^ff^nf^H^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^M
7.1
Reference Architecture for
7.2
Defining
7.3
Delta Process
7.4
Modeling
7.5
Transformations
7.5.1
7.5.2
7.6
10
Staging
Scenarios
233
Inbound Interfaces
Data
232
235
239
Storage
Important Rule Types
Start, End, and Expert
241
244
Routines
Domain Creation and Central Transformations
246
248
Contents
7.7
Process Chains
250
7.8
Load Control
253
7.9
Master Data
Special
7.9.2
7.9.4
Integrating Multiple
Staging Texts
Staging Hierarchies
7.9.5
SAP NetWeaver MDM
7.9.3
8
256
7.9.1
Features When
7.10
Data Timeliness and
7.11
Conclusion
Data
Modeling in
the
Architecture of
the
8.1
8.2
8.3
Modeling
262
268
270
270
History Management
271
274
Reporting Layer
277
Reporting Layer
278
and Optimization of InfoCubes
282
283
8.2.2
Aggregates
293
8.2.3
Compression
Partitioning
295
8.2.4
8.2.5
OLAP Cache
298
8.2.6
SAP NetWeaver BWA
299
297
Enhanced InfoCube
Modeling
Virtual Key Figures and Characteristics
Exception Aggregation
8.3.3
Virtual
8.4.1
Restricted and Calculated
Layer
MultiProvider in the
8.4.2
SAP
Layer
304
307
309
Layer
319
324
BusinessObjects Universes
Defining
or
8.5.3
Virtual
BusinessObjects
Basis of SAP
8.5.2
Key Figures
300
300
309
InfoSets in the Virtual
Universes in SAP
8.5.1
8.6
257
Modeling
8.3.2
8.5
Sources
....
8.2.1
8.3.1
8.4
Loading
Master Data
NetWeaver
the Universe
on
on
the
BW
a
325
DataProvider
Query
Revising the Universe
Conclusion
326
332
336
Case Studies
9.1
Modeling According
to LSA
Principles
337
11
Contents
338
9.1.1
Introduction of the
Application Case
9.1.2
Interface Description for the Source System
338
9.1.3
Formation of Layers and Data Storage
340
9.1.4
Domain Formation
343
9.1.5
Creating Application Components
345
9.1.7
Implementing
Defining Data Storage and InfoSources
347
9.1.8
Setting Up the
349
Flat File DataSources
9.1.6
9.1.9
Implementing
348
Data Flow
Central Transformations with
Characteristic Routines
9.1.10
9.2
Setting Up
9.1.12
Conclusion
Case
Study Using
353
Process Chain
the
Reporting
and Virtual
355
Layer
364
365
Business Content
Processes in Accounts Receivable
9.2.1
Grid
Accounting
...
366
371
Analyses
9.2.2
Aging
9.2.3
Payment History
375
9.2.4
DSO Determination
376
9.2.5
Credit
383
Management
9.2.6
Dunning History
384
9.2.7
Cash
Reporting
386
9.2.8
Sales
Reporting
393
9.2.9
Overall View of AR
400
Reporting
9.3
Conclusion
401
10.1
Planning System and Control System Requirements
404
10.2
Overview of BW
10.2.1
10.2.2
10.2.3
10.3
Case
Integrated Planning
407
Components of a Planning Application
Diagram of a Planning Application
Modeling Alternatives
408
Study
10.3.1
10.3.2
10.3.3
10.3.4
10.3.5
12
Creating the
9.1.11
351
-
Cost
Planning
on
the Cost Center Level....
Initial Situation
Transferring
Modeling the Planning InfoCube
Creating the Integrated Plan/Actual
Defining
Aggregation
412
414
414
Actual Data
the
410
Level
415
417
View
417
419
Contents
10.3.6
Structure of
an
10.3.7
Extension
Data
-
421
Input Layout
Formatting for
423
Actual Data Transfer
10.4
Specific Modeling
10.4.2
Key Figures and Account Model
Tracking Changes to a Plan
10.4.3
Status
10.4.1
10.5
11
11.2
10.4.4
Retraction
437
10.4.5
Transferring Subplans
441
444
Conclusion
447
Data Retention
448
ILM
11.1.1
Data
11.1.2
ILM for InfoCubes and DataStore
11.1.3
ILM for Master Data
11.1.4
ILM for
11.1.5
ILM and LSA
Lifecycle
Optimizing the
in SAP NetWeaver BW
Change Log and Log
Data
Objects
Data
459
Data Model
11.2.3
11.2.4
Changing
11.2.5
461
Changing InfoObjects
Dimension Model
Activation
465
467
Function
469
Programs
469
Conclusion
Specific
Data
463
464
DSOs
11.2.7
455
457
Model
the Fact Table
Remodeling
451
456
Analyzing the
11.2.6
449
455
Changing
Changing the
11.2.2
12
432
and Version
435
11.2.1
11.3
Management
430
Management
Optimizing
11.1
430
Issues
Modeling Issues in
12.1
General Conditions
12.2
The BW Functional
BW
Projects
471
471
Specification
and Business Issues
12.2.1
Process
12.2.2
Functional Description of the Transformation
Description
of Characteristics
473
474
475
13
Contents
12.2.3
Functional
Description
of the Transformation
476
of Key Figures
12.2.4
Data Model in the
12.2.5
Reporting/User
12.2.6
Time
Aspects
Functional
477
Specification
478
Interface
of Data Load Processes and Data
Retention
479
12.2.7
Authorization
481
12.2.8
Validation
484
12.3
Specifications of the IT Department
484
12.4
Conclusion
486
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A
Abbreviations
4-95
B
Transactions
501
C
Programs
509
D
Function Modules and Includes
513
D.1
Function Modeuls
513
D.2
Includes
515
E
Tables
517
F
Delta Processes
519
G
Posting Keys
521
H
Glossary
527
I
Literature
531
J
The Authors
535
Index
H
536