1. pets
2. birds

200
EGGS
PER
HEN:
How
To
THEM
GET
Pric^e ,56
jtr~"
YEAR
A
Cents.
;
-._t.-.
PUBLISHED
BY
fl)GAR WARRElCHamptbi*,
N\
I9O4.
Standards
of
Perfection.
Old
Homestead
Incubators
Brooders.
and
for Practical
Practical Machines
People
Why??
BROODERS.
Hover
Open
center
rated
"
all
at
seen
"
oil
"
heat drum
no
"
chicks
"
do
by opening door
once
capacity aluminum
sweats
space
easily cleaned
therefore
"
huddle
largefloor
"
lamp
"
never
"
in
not
full
gets hot
"
rusts.
or
INCUBATORS.
An incubator in
incubator
an
therefore unaffected
"
by changesof outside temperature perfectregula**
"
tion
"
but
cannot
be overheated
controlled
"
chamber
egg
moving current of
ventilation
"
warm
surrounded
air
"
Cataloguefree.
HOMESTEAD
BROODER
with
In fact the
up-to-dateincubator.
OLD
positive,
CO.,
Vine Street
MIDDLEBORO, MASS.
a
only
FOURTH
200
a
Year
Per
to
Get
Them.
Eggs
How
EDITION.
Practical
A
Hen:
Treatise
on
Egg
Making
and
Its Conditions
and
Profits
in
Price
50
PUBLISHED
EDGAR
Poultry,
Cents.
BY
Hampton,
WARREN,
1904.
N.
H.
.
COPYRIGHT
w
1899,
1900,
1902,
BY
EDGAR
L.
WARREN.
CHAPTER
THE
We
hear
with
"dodo.
fabulous
Others
is
but
by
in
appear
than
that
so
chicks; and
-extinction
One
There
yet I
White
2999
There
the
250
others
that
I do
how
not
eggs
many
wild
beat
a
while
over
TOO;
why
stop here ?
why
a
work,
I
am
without
where
she
in
some
that
the
and
that
than
150
in
the
poultry business, as
ideal.
eggs
The
Year
can,
will make
more
who
is content
to
year
who
man
a
Eggs
a
Per
in
in
a
is raised
from
what
and
comes
have
extra
along.
than
for the
pay
age
aver-
an
I believe
But
as
to
have
"Two
near
to
lay
will
hen
a
will not
banner,
year
prepared
also
am
fun
ducing
pro-
a
eggs
other, it is well
more
see
kept steadily
lay 200
comes
not
time.
in that
then
But
egg
an
for and
his
not
150.
profitableto get
on
in
hen
I do
; and
year
a
to
say
hen
farmer's
average
I
every
and
The
year.
larger number.
inscribes
here.
lay
more
a
Hen,"
money
take
be
it may
apiece.
eggs
v/ill be
intelligentcare
and
say
high
214
in
of eggs
number
a
me
14
total
arbitrary line, and
intelligent care.
cases
of
already talking of
are
will not
hen
reasonably
flock
a
the
on
an
eggs
a
is
gave
than
average
200
is
myth.
no
tribe
I had
it she
; the
ten
the
of
that
not
may
least
at
has this constant
consumed,
draw
the
October
Men
365 days
are
that
realize
is
veracity
to
this.
farms
admit
and
that
time
lay
constant
admit
and
fully matured, that comes
is properly fed and cared
to
of
danger
hen
is
prepared
weaken
vigorous
constant
egg
little better
six to
egg
not
may
in
about, and
can
or
may
There
pullet that
rather
healthy and
200
oath
we
man
a
on
be
truth
a
before
hen
strain,that
at
can
lays from
state
should
if she
misfortune
a
hatch
October
from
who
how
see
that
instances,
production would
the
make
to
of
hen, and
egg
for
average
an
eggs,
are
her
wjlling
Wyandottes
be
her
phoenix and
isolated
contend
would
scattered
reputation
am
in
egg-
class
to
the
as
200
success.
of them
My
birds
not
certain, however,
many
increase.
good;
is
own
the
existence, and
egg
would
about
days
would
hen
HEN.
appeared
excessive
egg
her
thing
has
it
eggs
200
from
are
her
the
her
Others
numbers
large
system
she
common.
otherwise, for such
her
of
that
means
these
in
deny
to
EGG
semi-fabulous
or
admit
no
said
disposed
are
such
HUNDRED
deal
good
a
Some
hen.
TWO
I.
a
dred
Hunit
will the
he
as
man
THE
HEREDITY
When
I
OF
was
performance
it was
by
by
lived
means
any
to
less than
the
What
place
for
the
monarch.
It may
be
the
as
The
blood
the
ancestral
until
it has
cannot
trot
to
woman
a
pedigree
a
lines
until
and
Heredity
horse?
generations of
of
for
down
and
down
record
has
now
that
horse
good
a
down
horse
I have
but
"
man
track.
minute
two
trotting horse
the
on
A
old
an
young
and
had
drove
man
a
not
am
am
down
mark.
regarded
I
that
me
come
minute
brought
has
looking
is
whenever
I
great
a
that
I remember
few.
were
out
cry
as
horses
were
it,two-forty !"
wrife tells
two
2:40
.out of
There
to
trottingrecord
below
drive, but
A
urchins
us
my
"
the
see
dropped
in
for
regarded
was
under, but they
much
2:40,
slashing gait, "Go
a
in 2:40
mile
a
trottinghorse.
a
the custom
at
yet
for
under
trotted
boy
a
HEN.
EGG
HUNDRED
TWO
THE
long
as
flows
trotters
in the
converge
handling!
European
a
as
are
men
in his veins.
Messenger
great
himself.
Heredity
for
the
200
bred
No
old
breed
thorns
no
or
the
how
breed
minute
must
from
get
take
200
a
eggs
clo not
The
200
feed
flock
apiece from
year
By carefullyfollowing the
largelyincrease the egg yield of
instructions
book
he
such
must
not
it too
200
to
get
the
strongly upon
a
eggs
year
200
reader's
apiece from
his hens
he
impress
to
expects
in with
start
must
this
flock, but he
a
if he
that
mind
them.
of
I cannot
apiece.
year
a
eggs
of any
of hens
impossible.
expect
how
or
It is
can
egg
egg-producing
may
a
necessary
Men
an
man
a
scientifically
and
as
thistles.
come
cannot
are
horse.
figs from
house, he
may
things
two
two
nor
lay. She
to
matter
hygienicallyhe
These
for
as
from
be
must
strain.
hen
egg
gather grapes
hen
handling !
and
get
great
a
laying strain.
WHAT
is
There
dum,
which
those
who
this
in
:
In
the
an
Latin
old
I will take
have
matters
poultry
been
out
business
combines
defects.
that
There
general it
may
is
be
no
there
best
for
is
a
all the
breed
said
for
no
BEST?
gustibus non
translate
some
that
that
the
man
which
excellences
does
most
for
time.
not
the
Its
This
Other
he
benefit
of
is
meaning
is
as
true
things being
likes best.
and
have
disputan-
est
argument.
it is elsewhere.
as
is
libertyto
of school
of taste
is the
breed
proverb, De
the
equal that breed
no
IS
BREED
has
There
of the
none
its admirers.
profitable breeds
are
In
to
be
found
in the
In
:
Asiatic, American
the
Asiatic
class
and
the
Buff
and
Partridge Cochins;
Buff
and
White
Rhode
Plymouth
Island
Minorcas,
Reds;
Brown,
money-making
fowls
and
sitters
inclined
be
well, and
machines,
the
on
of
brown
mothers.
breeders.
into
the
The
hands
varieties
if he
a
would
buff
"
Wyandottes
or
to
and
birds
the
will have
In
a
case
minimum,
contour.
of
of
for
than
show
the
mers
far-
when
standard
great
KEEP?
I
but
of
and
confine
make
more
dissipates
variety
one
clusion
con-
to
will if he
he
the
to
come
results
he
may
the
best
poultrymen
the
most
successful
varieties
several
of
color
one
one
family
Where
Rocks.
the
characteristics
same
get
are
I
kept
principleof unity determining
some
all be
all be
Plymouth
treatment.
reduced
comb
the
be
farmers
it will
not
the
with
some
Where
there
and
have
than
third;
a
for
poultryman
success
and
sitters
of deterioration.
average
a
even
one.
let them
or
family they
and
to
that
Let
choice.
made
eggs.
points rather
for
then
egg
birds, good
is that
SHALL
varieties, and
many
suggest
same
has
man
themselves
confine
for
energies
cold
Americans
poultry business
will get better
He
his
another,
handle
not
breed
danger
the
stand
American
The
birds
the
carefully,I
for
are
and
table, good
bred
the
fowls,
matter
concentrates
add
perhaps
the
variety.
After
them.
for
without
it is better
one
be
good
are
all-round
are
table
white-shelled
table.
the
every
and
They
Asiatic
are
VARIETIES
studying
to
day
up
MANY
that
money
kept
of
the
They
Mediterraneans
important thing,
pure-bred
be
may
After
or
fanciers
great
a
more
HOW
himself
be
for
with
is the
fat.
the
well, and
danger
of the
It will
keep
the
cold
utility. Stamina
card.
do
stand
The
They
excellent
Black
are
clumsy.
on
the
are
They
eggs.
for the
favorites.
eggs,
They
and
for
the
are
the
excellent
as
fowls
good
as
and
Asiatics
take
well
as
Barred,
These
quantities
great
cold
not
are
whole
layers
out
the
class
somewhat
layers.
class
are
lows
fol-
Langshans,
Leghorns.
brown
readily
winter
stand
not
and
breeds,
The
although
good
turning
do
They
varieties.
dark
Black
Wyandottes
Buff
sluggish and
make
all the
and
of
classes,as
American
Mediterranean
mothers,
to
in the
the
prolificlayers
and
Light Brahmas,
Rocks,
in
White
great
Mediterranean
an
the
accidental
birds
are
"
white, black
say
like
fowls
and
mix-up
all of
the
are
Leghorns,
all of
respond
the
the
one
the
to
damage
same
is
size,
6
HOW
Some
is
time
enthusiastic
an
I received
ago
number
because
kept
the
she
resist the
More
has
hen
that
has
hen
a
if
drained
her
the
flock
hens
some
for past
this
case
her
is
for
themselves
and
hatched
for breeders
WEED
from
nests
used
are
of the
in egg
laid 251 eggs
one
eight.
A
White
This
flock
out
fact
The
coming
maturity
to
has
THE
If you
second
than
in
a
pen
duction
pro-
egg
the
and
earlyMarch, April
in
winter
layers.
NON-LAYERS.
Station,
Experiment
under
while
reward
a
as
moderate
a
want
kept,show
the
another
where
Barred
in the
trap
that among
conditions
same
production. One
year,
in your
have
year
chickens
you
records
kept
an
lay
that it is
axiom
mothers, put them
your
OUT
Maine
as
a
temptation
record.
pullets that lay,
breed, if
and
great difference
in
Get
individual
breed
same
typical.
so
in the
hens
year.
a
more
the
the
and
for
look
that.
keep
and
It is the
May, according to
Reports
desire to
do not
pulletsat
it is
not
temptation when
a
since
year
one
could
ever
and
them.
old
big egg
a
laid well
had
because
second
the
was
laying so well again. She
requiresrecuperationbefore she can
from
services,or
record
was
lowered
better, but
always
is in quest of
that you
from
or
knew
moderately. You may set it down
pullets that give the big egg records.
even
by
There
laid well
system,
she
by keeping
wrecked
one
incapacitatesher
that
she
that
which
hens
dozen
a
said
she
who
lady
young
a
but that her
I mention
way!
to keep
laid well
be resisted
must
said
are
other
half
over
She
records
in any
in which
of eggs,
temptation.
egg
than
had
before.
year
letter from
a
poultrywoman,
gettinga goodly
WRECKED.
ARE
RECORDS
MANY
hens
is
there
Plymouth
a
Rock
flock laid but
same
while
pullet laid 219
eggs,
another
of
the
breed
laid
These
same
absolutely none.
the
most
as
figures are
they do
significant,showing
absolute
necessity of weeding out the non-producers. Suppose
you
have
other
other
none.
words,
It costs
away
two
a
hens
in
The
average
the
dollar
if the
Wyandotte
hen
a
non-layer
a
year
does
to
not
identifyingthe layers and
nest
and
pen,
; but this takes
one
lays 200
for
the
has
reduced
feed
lay.
a
The
many
100
the
and
one
non-layers
time, and
is
two
hen,
eggs
is
do not
pen
a
eggs
year
and
apiece.
record
this money
the
use
In
one-half.
is thrown
absolutelysure
by
the
of
way
the
feel that it pays.
of
trap
Still
without
the
one
open,
the trap nest,
of
use
pick
can
practical purposes,
THE
was
maxim
a
of
learn
fulness.
often
The
wild
he
Why?
production
Warmth,
at
of the
season
any
should
poultryman
in the
and
keep
In
of
state
in
Nature
with
state
the
will be
this
fact
in
mind
conditions?
these
conditions
The
likelyto lay.
and
of
conditions
these
Reproduce
Nature
tion?
produc-
egg
the
the
in which
of
are
fowl
of
semi-Nature
summer
fruit-
Nature,
the
to
open
and
to
season
What
that
men
that in order
go
exercise.
and
year
greatest
study
we
is the
present.
food
proper
the
in vain.
go
Because
are
PRODUCTION.
continually
kept, what
are
Summer.
egg
live,or
fowls
If
all
through.
teacher, and
great
must
will not
fowls
of
one
ears
for
accuracy
I get
EGG
and
eyes
suggestions of great value
us
poultryman
farmer's
the
is the
give
great teacher, and
in which
Bacon,
interrogateNature.
will
she
eyes
Nature
must
we
OF
Lord
one's
sufficient
before
CONDITIONS
lived, that
ever
layers with
I shall show
as
THREE
It
the
out
by keeping
himself
govern
accordingly.
IS
Before
I pass
Some
type?
But
I
we
that
a
underline
The
with
a
within
body
the
is
words
to
on
plenty
while
in
seek.
to
a
hen
of
room
in
a
well, breathe
there
perform
the
far
short
a
part
"
is
be
must
their
with
of
the
a
a
there
well, and
This
fowl)
that
of
a
If
I believe
have
hen
breeds
than
underline.
confined
are
long, deep
and
and
assimilation
is to
for all the
there
increase
these
body
lay well
large ovaries;
to
straight
lay better
short, curved
a
we
type of hen
a
curved
breast
broad
egg
is not.
cow
eggs.
organs
explains why
egg-producing
is
will
and
vital
inside
room
cf
an
there
type of
the organs
with
hen
plenty of
functions.
claim
so
body
The
for
Is there
opinion
know
subject
a
up
long, deep body and
a
"wedge-shape"
necessarily constricted.
are
eat
must
there
as
breast,
breast,
narrow
reproduction;
organs
called
so
body, and
there
to
take
to
large production
with
broad
a
is not
reason
ought
opinion that
associate
(the
with
one
of
large production of milk,
may
hen
difference
who
TYPE?
I wish
chapter
next
wide
a
those
the
with
associate
that
of
of
am
is
EGG
AN
the
to
there
which
upon
THERE
in
great
is
a
she
other
organs
tendency
in size.
CHAPTER
THE
HOME
Much
will
of
Where
do
almost
and
possible
as
their
profitto
The
there
windbreak
of
becomes
it
location
ideal.
Such
it is not
forage, but
otherwise
he
also
carefullyconsider
others
his
that
stars
the
very
buildings
he
they
may
tions
condiof
not
the
wise
was
start, and
not
in
or
time
have
the
the
up
fowls
with
which
excrement
ground.
a
nail
does
or
mind.
his
in
build
if the
when
to
time
waste
them
But
down
have
a
ience
conven-
lives and
man
will
to
have
thank
his
plan
a
at
moving
money
and
if he
reference
I say,
he
and
build
is to
poultryman's
But
come
he
So
work,
situation,and
it with
years.
filled in.
will
his
expert.
an
the
of
stroke
a
If
consult
to
in future
tearing
portion of
uriant
produces a lux-
it
:
far-seeing enough
and
is
nor
"
soil, provided
any
only provides
filled in at
be
a
considerable
a
takes
him
up
is
location
find
to
almost
on
soil where
the
is hard
of
possibilities
the
be
never
may
about
put
may
grows
he
bers
num-
If there
northwest
house, he should
small
one
details
business
they
sandy
on
advantages
not
drives
might pay
it
that
or
"
its
prospective plant
only
The
plan.
for
the
poultryman
once
is to build
water
its roots
by
should
his
kept
which
the
out
and
be
has
contaminate
might
largely at
to
with
grass
which
north
can
Before
lay
range,
and
loss
southeast.
or
location, however,
a
clay soil
of
south
the
on
Poultry
a
growth
the
to
saturated
Even
year.
free
of
source
a
plant.
favorable
as
poultry plant is
a
kind
some
indispensable.
the
for
gentle slope
a
prove
his
of
kept in large
are
have
must
business
poultry
given
they
HEN.
owner.
best
is
will
they
or
and
where
confinement, they
in
the
construction
and
numbers
; but
in
failure
location
anywhere
EQQ
HUNDRED
or
in small
kept
are
TWO
success
the
upon
hens
well
man's
a
depend
THE
OF
II.
replacing
them
others.
with
There
The
plan
three
are
first of these
is that
five to
of
keeping
fiftyhens
intervals
over
methods
is the
in
the
a
PLAN.
COLONY
THE
of
keeping hens
colony plan.
hens
house.
farm, and
in small
These
are
The
in
principleof
segregated
houses
visited
large
scattered
are
two
houses
or
three
numbers.
the
colony
twenty-
"
at
times
regular
a
day
by
attendant.
an
found
that
when
less, flocks
The
inexpensive.
house
Colony
and
ground,
nailed
up
the
to
orchard
has
deal
the
hens
hens
deal
houses
is
perils
of
may
the
wake
of
his
roof.
dangerous
each
day
blizzard
is
neighborhood
up
some
fowls
a
in
is
feet
eight
but
It is
pick
square
on
roof
the
No
year
the
boards
are
is
the
is
the
the
to
to
marks
vanished.
discover
that
;
but
of
Then,
for
two
too,
thieves;
the
or
a
in
the
appreciate
one
exceptionally honest,
to
plan
requires
rounds
the
out
the
flocks
scattered
expedition.
shining
it
an
eat
break
hand
weather
make
and
trees
likely to
other
make
in
located
are
around
pleasant
raging,
Polar
houses
on
visit
to
are
morning
have
borhood
neigh-
kind.
of the
frame,
no
even
in the
cheapest
house
is
disease
But
calculated
of
houses
This
or
advantages.
seasons
There
ground
Even
hardships
keep
its
the
If the
living.
experience
isolated, detached
unless
their
No
fowls.
25
of
of
apart,
been
baseboards.
plank
to
to
12
apex
fertilize the
time
a
an
and
to
drawbacks.
when
winter,
floor
will
has
certain
at
kept in colonies.
serious
good
of
fruit.
wormy
among
and
hens
from
from
be
It has
range.
yards
flock
plan
may
The
accommodate
feet
ridgepole
good
a
the
to
eight
each
This
houses
required.
are
but
free
hundred
one
house.
own
given
are
are
mingle,
not
its
hens
houses
will
of
yards
The
the
these
and
poultryman
three
dred
hun-
10
The
I may
community
The
majority
name.
are
constructed
of
originalcost
the
erected
this
on
is economy
plan
than
of
cost
and
found
length
roof,
and
there
is often
in cold
doors
and
Where
gates.
breaks
out
found
almost
germs
traveling in
another
in
in
fenced
The
of the
a
long
for
more
The
exercise
under
to
shed
than
more
become
now
the
from
many
or
one
feet.
roup
been
"
to
pen
With
which
parks,
the
be
can
The
fowls
so
with
it is
winter,
length, I
laying
shed
will
the
pay
for
the
building
were
a
ing
scratch-
certainlyadd
should
many
to
than
more
claims
if I
room,
has
indispensable
The
that
valid
implies, is
name
the
and
output.
egg
seem
feet in
in
its
as
scratching
that
of many
integralpart
an
roof
same
claim
increased
60
ing
requir-
cost.
who
house
houses
compartment
the
or
scratching shed,
of the
long
will, it has
that
to
yards
weather.
the
advocates
an
stick
may
and
houses
shutting of
being conveyed
or
narrow
has
houses.
in
scratching
house
long,
it to
the
walls
like cholera
disease
confine
which
go
comfort
and
itself
for
air,
and
it sometimes
as
to
considerable
at
open
enthusiastic
health
the
scratching shed
place
but
a
impossible
plan
only
virulent
where
compartments,
opening
been
long
the
cleaning out
central
the
compartment,
one
excrement
community
and
It has
the
on
plant is
however,
are,
in these
that
so
In
the
reach
walk
long
a
There
collects
congeals,
The
greater
the
perfectly dry,
houses
frost.
when
initial cost.
the
Moisture
weather
difficult to
it does
the
keep
coating of
a
besides
plan
is somewhat
plan
of
favor
in land.
plan ; but
colony
country
in
economy
saving begins.
feet.
sixty
it is somewhat
as
this
labor,
community
the
this
great argument
in
the
the
difficult to
exceeds
The
plan.
by
described
sufficiently
is
and
is what
numbers
large
in
large poultry plants in
of
plant on
a
equipped
very
plan,
plant*on
a
hens
keeping
economy
"
objections to
some
of
call the
the
this
method
second
PLAN.
COMMUNITY
THE
sheds.
It is
that
impossible
will
suit every
cut
of what
and
give
Gardner
a
in
and
purse
I consider
brief
article like this to
an
the
best
descriptionof
Poultry Farm,
of
every
place.
community
it.
Auburn,
give
The
N.
is
for
only
can
house
house
Y.
I
plan
a
I have
on
the
a
house
submit
yet
a
seen,
Dunning-
11
12
The
180
house
feet
18
long by
Each
feet.
of nine
The
between
is
and
foul
air but
forms
let down
with
long,
sowed
each
the
THE
present
and
more
10
feet
wide
wide,
and
portion
four
two
are
three
will be added
as
they
since
the
next
from
from
cool
and
the
from
This
the
to
rear,
the
an
feature
it
materiallyincreases
area
of the
roof."
In
with
ideal
greatly to
the
place
the
the
for
side
floor.
the
it is two
this makes
cut
half
the
low
fine,
and
sun
the
distance
dusting and
ing.
scratch-
space
of
a
down
are
raised
The
underneath
space
floor,and
doors
great
southern
other
double
usefulness
floor
of
is
there.
the
than
more
way
the
summer,
the
the passage
on
in
inches
main
snow
is the
18
and
the
roof
on
four
a
long
is for
in
tana.
Mon-
with
stone
of
lodge
shown
the
from
feet
12
roof
ground
a
doors
This
so
feature
sills.
'extend
making
adds
the
not
houses
Bozeman,
at
of
the floor into
in winter
long
HOUSE.
into pens
slope
does
and
plowed
14 feet wide
the
feet
150
are
variation
foundation
has
when
sunlight to
to
and
This
snow
basement
while
open,
long
which
poultry building
drier, while
through
ground
way
halldraws
canvas
a
ridge coming just above
important
is
each
needed.
are
Station
slope of
and
shady place
front
since
the
pens
the
portholes
enables
The
warmer
the
of these
main
rapidly melts
sun
most
building.
feet
is the
a
wall.
rear
the
it
feet
upon
steep that the
so
"The
exit
high.
the
making
is
feet
into
are
desirable
ways
It is divided
is set
In
STATION
house
and
from
advantage
slope
many
rear.
paper
feet.
yards
each, and
there
the south, the
to
feet
incline
in
EXPERIMENT
in the
passage
The
out.
trees
building is 72
with
ceilingwhich
the
front, with
in
Agricultural Experiment
"The
foot
snow
At
important and in
ordinary scratching shed
the
the
year.
An
at
open
fruit
MONTANA
use
are
of
plant
boarded
six
length.
same
draught.
row
a
height
through
cut
no
keep
to
of the
of
shed
scratching
ventilatingwindow
small
a.
scratching sheds
be
the
at
sections, each
a
material, double
is
view
the
10
into
roosting room
overhead
ventilatinghole
a
The
on
ceiled
divided
turn
of the best
large window,
a
off the
is in
laying and
a
is made
and
can
section
into
is divided
and
of
foreground
the
in
wide,
12
feet,and
house
pen
shown
of the
without
building,
affecting
14
The
third
method
keeping
originalwith
plan. The plan
"detached
with
houses
yards
It has
the
to
of
or
shut
shovel
half
and
a
a
the
reach
doors
poultryman
the middle
houses
and
.alike,
long, seven
rear
are
houses
that
very
pen
I
feet wide,
; and
is
seven
designed
he
streets, with
in the
simple in
to
so
to visit
the
at
can
high
in front
accommodate
or
shut
yards
in
his house
the ends.
yards running
Each
fifty
litter
the
of
pen
open
and
open
with
front
a
for
the
remove
to
are
he must
alleyway
an
yards
There
to
the
rear.
colony-community plan
construction.
feet
do
But
so.
along
easilyas
in
to
the
run
rear.
wishes
to
along
do
drive
arranged
to
it is necessary
can
as
use
in order
another,
one
front.
the
to
wishes
pens
can
of
pass
he
he
of the
in small
the hens
close to
poultryman
and
or
When
feet.
Colony-community
in the
long house,
dozen
keep
to
far
is, so
munity
colony-com-
the
great mistake
a
the
called
situated
instead
when
:
instead
me
house
of gates before
rear
The
to
large numbers
be
may
and
rear
into the middle
sand
number
the
of
hundred
one
hen
occasions
in the middle
and
built in streets
a
in
in brief is this
running
always seemed
front
hens
and
me,
to the
innumerable
a
of
I know,
:as
PLAN.
COLONY-COMMUNITY
THE
house
and
is
are
all
12
feet
five feet
high
50 brooder
chicks,20
16
the roof boards, and
ing is then laid over
shingleslaid along the lower edge of the roof.
of shinglesis to throw
from
the water
course
the
house.
and
on
will
The
allowed
house
one
door
supposed
front,and
few
Neponset
forms
out
Indeed, all who
paper.
two
dows,
win-
There
be
After
the house
is
raised
or
the house
of dark
green
the brick-red
with
see
are
can
coat
a
flap
finish.
end.
yard.
receives
effective contrast
an
There
This
the
place by
into the
this
from
away
ends.
which
rear
woodwork
all the outside
paint,which
remark
of the
how
neat
pretty it is.
and
CONSTRUCTION.
INTERIOR
The
interior
learned
house
from
have
of
hard
the
the
house
that
poultrymen
the
said, faces
is
half
as
above
the
boards, which
soon
built,is
as
roosts,
that the
placemy
and
one
spruce,
cut
old
with
the
foot from
2x3,
with
out
of
covered
Red
mites
houses
used
; matched
frame
end
as
etc.
Hampshire
The
cost
in the
all
from
feet and
There
I
which
removable.
the sockets
being
I
as
a
pine
platform,as
two
are
forgotto
enables
foot from
one
house,
The
tar.
wide,
as
matched
dry
platform. The
rounded,
slightly
are
are
say
to
me
wall
the back
of
perches are
and
ets
set in sock-
The
in which
perches are
they
set.
are
severely alone.
in
the
pine
(board measure), 100
sheathing,250 feet; Neponset
hardware,
feet
advertised
two
level.
same
hen
of
of the
They
hot tar,
materials
boards, 500 feet
edge
boards.
let my
the
on
is three
the upper
with
of hot
coat
a
a
The
boxes.
dry goods
in
end, away
of
is constructed
foot apart, and
perches one
also
The
platform
roost
things
platform is
roost
perches,paralleland
or
the
in the west
are
The
covered
of
roosts, instead
The
case,
I get from
little furniture
as
I have
simplest.
very
reallyhindrances.
are
floor,and
the
have
many
south.
commonly the
of draughts.
possibility
rear,
is of
experienceto
possible,and
as
helps for
New
in the
panel
the roof
the east
on
objectof
The
the
south.
one
of
course
Paroid, carefullyput
at
in
held
face
to
at will to let the hens
is finished
inches
side and
a
with
covered
in and
turned
the south
on
in
lowered
is
is then
projecta
to
eventuallybe
The
a
roof
double
a
house
for
are
as
follows
Hemlock
doors, trimmings,etc.,60
feet; windows;
red rope,
of such
:
a
250 feet:
house,
to-day would be not far
working together,can complete the house
Neponset
Paroid, 100
exclusive
from
in two
$20.
of
feet ;
black
feet;
labor, in
Two
men,
days. Such
a
17
always finds
house
of town
out
case
be
may
go
enlarged as
a
I have
short
and
would
not
say
Three
are
that
Dollar
it cost
in
who
invest
desire
Poultry
Houses.
a
$20 in
house
move
sell
can
dimensions
feet;
will preserve
floor space.
more
BOXES.
a
house
for
to
can
be
made
in
a
warm
but
remain
stock,
young
building.
a
than
cheaper house
buildings, and
summer
suitable
he
This
they expect
wish
or
even
Good
one-half
even
be
the
feet.
5^
PIANO
good temporary
a
any
to
feet; width, 8
14
rear,
It may
are,
at
time
is wanted,
give nearly
some
wishes
owner
him.
Length,
FROM
they
to
care
business
height
described.
where
time
do
;
MADE
Possiblythere
ones
follows:
proportions and
HOUSE
if the
larger house
front, 7^ feet
the
the
half what
somewhat
a
in
height
of the hen
out
for about
the honee
In
or
ready sale,and
a
To
such
from
I
two
climate
for winter.
simplestway to make
two
joists
is as follows : On
such a house
a level place lay down
the boards
eightfeet long. Take the boxes and carefullyremove
that the open
so
the tallest side.
on
Spike the boxes to the joists,
piano
boxes
at
ends
will face
close
up
a
door
panes
cover
each
a
other.
pane
of
$3.
With
the boards
the boxes
glasson
The
on
you
the back
have
and
taken
roof.
either side of the door,
itself,
complete laying the floor,put in
buildingwith good roofing paper, and you have
cost.
hens
at a trifling
accommodate
a dozen
in the door
that will
of about
between
the gap
in front,
the
cost
a
out
Put
or
two
a
roost,
a
house
20
movable
and
in the
cobwebs
floor,if
house
off
the
have
you
be
walls,
windows
of hot
whitewash, put
good receiptfor whitewash
coat
of
lime, slack
Let
putty.
then
reduce
of crude
a
combination
or
the
boxes
board
water
with
coat
a
Take
:
few
a
to
pump
or
of hot
tar
LICE
AND
Add
the
lice
will have
the
house
give the
floor with
paint
roosts,
killer,cover
in short
"
thick
a
days, and
one
pint
and you
pailful,
lice. Sprinkle the
of
good
some
few
a
12-quart
death
A
time.
into
desired.
the thickness
generous
save
make
to
hours
a
the
sufficient quantity
a
disinfectant, kerosene
other
with
spray
enough
wet
receive
then
follows
as
acid to every
some
a
shape
to
that will be
napcreol
nest
in this
it with
carbolic
is
slowly and
it
it stand
with
on
and
should
walls
The
one.
dust
Sweep the
ceiling. Sweep
outside.
taken
should
dropping
thorough
a
cleaning.
Relentless
and
mites.
red
won,
foe
The
I have
that there
is
described
who
"Lice,"
"I'll
candid
too
a
says
keeps
give you
a
dollar
!" he exclaims.
hens
her
be
seen
that
is not
There
comes
the
takes
cause.
nant.
indig-
waxes
find
you
fluff around
the
so,
fallingoff
on
off the nest, and
hen
a
The
is the
louse
itary
san-
case.
a
poultryman
lice
battle is
the
what
wonders
light. "Pull apart
The
poultryman does
in the
cutting to cover
vent/' he commands.
of lice may
friend
in the
for every
apiece
The
his house
Such
the
toward
up
The
against
think
is apt to
friend.
waged
be
must
to do.
nothing more
in hiding; it is not destroyed.
production, and the poultryman
in egg
holds
persistentwar
poultryman
condition
is
my
and
MITES.
RED
and, lo !
dense
the
covey
a
of soft
jungle
feathers.
Where
big
a
to rid themselves
from
time
powder
are
than
it will not
Cyphers Lice
poultryman wishes
I.
liquid
Take
be
he
pay
him
pint
carbolic
acid.
ground
tobacco
wherever
lice
are
and
will
do
to
hens
his
own
be
must
his
dusted
insect
own
few
hens
"Death
to
Lice"
preparations. If
powder
left
a
only
Lambert's
so.
be
not
must
here
are
two
the
las
formu-
:
upon
of
slacked
Add
to
mix
where
standard
are
to make
depended
one
buy it,but
can
Powder
and
that may
the
efforts,but
by their own
The
poultryman can make
time.
to
is desired
of lice
cheaper
kept
record
egg
lime and
stir into
this mixture
thoroughly.
kill them.
2.
three
This
Take
five
it
one
ounce
pounds finely
powder
dusted
pounds strong
dust, one
tobacco
lene
mix
"
lice,lice
well
is
paint
fumes
The
recommended.
A
night
kerosene
forth
with
Close
require
that
so
a
three
in
burned
there
these
apply
a
the
match
a
case
feel any
you
the
fumes
go
sprayer
in
once
each,
you
well
These
have
been
food,
in, one
with
some
at
and
by
not
to
see
the
have
house
can
sprayers
one,
are
hens
the
work
are
and
now
and
anxious
as
that
each
good insecticide.
sending
the
bought
simply
to
for
wide
in
return
enters
in the
to
catch
of
half
All
open.
well.
hand
a
kerosene
a
dollar
the
time
yard outside,
their home.
her
five
through
out, with
for
ing
clos-
house,
look
invaluable.
been
have
put
position,
again
spray
a
sand,
or
vessel
be thrown
driven
be
must
everything is going
been
be
pounds,
in
vessels
can
will
kerosene, and
house
fire,you
100
10x10
each
hastilyleave
the
for every
gravel
with
the
cracks
no
are
two
on
saturated
open
necessary.
sulphur
set
should
about
sulphur
of
will last for years,
without
them
while
a
and
death
becomes
house
a
fire.. Into
window
and
anxiety
through
everywhere.
Do
you.
door
every
window
shavings,
behind
door
After
the
to
be
Place
sprinkle the sulphur.
there
The
from
danger
no
house
20x10
on.
carpenter'sshavings,
hours, when
In
be
The
sure
are
thus
one
must
by
them.
sulphur
of
house:
so
vessels, which
can
of
upon
and
but
thoroughly fumigated.
that
see
sulphur;
and
victims.
measures
pound
a
in the
pounds,
iron
handful
air. Burn
of
of the roosts
neglect a
be
and
highly
are
VERMIN.
or
should
lice.
oil.
their
of
radical
window,
space
kill the
quiet by day,
are
OF
then
house
pound
one
30x10
one
floor
feet of
.square
HOUSE
and
the
admit
to
apertures
or
painting
dissolving one
by
exterminate
to
carelessness
and
door
every
for
already described, is
I have
A
vermin,
place
made
is
life blood
follynot
through
first
the
etc.
Paint
the underside
on
the
which
RID
Sometimes
In
naptha-
lice,plant
and
gallon kerosene
one
suck
it is
TO
in
Lice
adjacent. They
to
and
mites,
infested
is used
of the bird
paint
their home
treatment,
red
lice
flakes
crevices
and
come
and
Surekil
Cyphers
good
make
mites
in cracks
to
and
napthalene
Red
hen
to
bugs, ants, moths,
penetrate the feathers
Killer
pound
death
sure
liquid preparation,
a
Lice
Lee's
is
pound
etc.
nests,
roosts,
This
together.
lime, one-half
cattle,sheep ticks,bed
on
Lice
air-slacked
pound
and
dust
Let
her
22
GIVE
is
There
catches
begins
to
If
to increase
paid
puts in 50 birds,
birds have
more
lose money
losses
The
He
would
him
sickness
has
and
retire from
about
cause.
farmer
would
not
plant
not
shut
displaythe
This
and
work
to
that the
year
50
laid
have
More
them.
no
men
the
think
putting two
of
his potatoes in
rows
that
10
feet of
square
in
cows
foot
one
one
stall.
apart.
He
should
Why
family in one room.
in dealingwith
good sense
same
$100."
They
rife among
been
I have
birds.
goes
did.
12
his
up
shown
has
the
as
All
poultrybusiness in disgust from
birds into one
by putting too many
pen
other
not
well
so
any
would
me
of the
end
find at the
to
and
brought
from
than
paid
not
eggs,
only
the
of my
the number
prospectivepoultryman
He
in this pen
apiece.
will pay
pective
pros-
laid well.
have
hens
12
dollars
two
me
"24, 50 hens
me
the
logical,and
seems
kept
is to increase
income
my
have
hens
12
netted
they have
and
past year
to do
like this: "I have
reason
The
birds.
the
nearly all : it is to crowd
poultryman has a small flock and they
which
poultrybusiness
the
beginners in
for
spread
snare
a
ROOM.
OF
PLENTY
HENS
THE
his fowls?
floor space
he
not
ence
Experi-
is about
the
needed
the
by each hen if she is to do her best. Where
is kept perfectlyclean,and where
the hens have
house
chance
a
doors
to get out
pleasant day, they can get along with a
every
amount
smaller
somewhat
there
apiece
two
with
to
and
pens
for
of
plenty
October
from
between
be
must
record
phenomenal
But
space.
happy
hours
that the biddies
Soil out
of the
best
Next
to
garden,
this I rank
place, or
other
will not
material
one
cereal
grocer
for
of
those
foods
come
for the
dust
a
in the
use
ducing
pro-
the
214
"
the
out
double
bath.
eggs
partitions
room.
They
earth
But
through
bath
a
that
The
foot from
shallow
in, which
asking.
I knocked
of winter
ashes.
a
Wyandottes
warm
lice.
dust
a
year
do
will
and
the bath
bath
tub
the bottom
square
may
boxes
to
the
dust
so
cold
is often
in their work.
coal
I know
sieve,makes
anything
be
may
and
many
selves
them-
keep
trust
not
common
spend
will
it,and then lice will get
sifted
coal
off about
barrel, sawed
the
with
wallowing
in egg
I made
BATH.
reasonably free from
entirely,for in the dead
bath
the
hens
your
White
"
results
The
the flock
gave
best
room.
my
October
DUST
Provide
the
set
that
generallybe
in
about.
a
sugar
a
sunny
and
"Force"
obtained
of
23
EXERCISE.
Hens
need
do
need
be
to
need
hens
kept
have
free
not
confinement
the
to
"
when
exercise
hen
with
be made
to
morning
keep
them
it is very
do
They
until
in
be
hot
or
not
night,but they
trim.
good
of litter in
cold.
very
for
provided
scratching
or
six inches
work
from
must
house,
carpeted
exercise.
Where
the
to
of
matter
they will attend
although a hen having free range knows
Tange
work
to
of
amount
jump
exercise
themselves
enough
of
the
on
enough
exercise
in
reasonable
a
shed,
But
when
them.
The
floor
should
be
kept
winter, and
the fowls
should
for all the
This litter,
I have
as
grain they eat.
and
already said, should be frequently shaken
occasionally
up
renewed.
the best litter.
Straw, fresh hay and dead leaves make
Dry planer shavings are good if they are not allowed to become
too
fine.
THE
In
does
the
summer
need
not
enough
to
POULTRY
hens
should
be very
to
yard
is better
than
kept
clean.
Much
money
foundation
better
some
kind
and
swept
should
be
and
other
every
week
spaded
the
big
time
less
that
has
is
fowls
with
their food
food
from
crop
for
the
intestines
through
the
by
flintyparticleswhich
supplied
with
prepared,
and
grit the
the
as
into the
trituration
gizzard it
of
shade
raked
be
It
removed.
the
spring
should
face
sur-
removed
be
cleaned.
OYSTER
masticate
the
the
much
to
be
it should
inches
netting
laid out
should
In
AND
they cannot
passes
four
or
wire
droppings
time.
never
provided
not
surface
to
for
is small
be
replacedwith fresh earth. If this
danger of sickness with a small yard
CHARCOAL
GRIT,
There
large
forage,a
likelyto
more
be
could
for
yard
is
yard
is needed
year
The
and
garden
one
the
of three
depth
is much
a
Nature
and
that
yard
the
for it is
one,
way.
If the
from
up
the
on
there
with
some
yard.
spread
is done
than
in
yards.
unless
is spent each
for fences
in the
soil to
large
a
boards
advantage
in their
out
stuff that
green
small
and
be
large. Indeed,
all the
grow
YARD.
is
;
can
that
triturated,or
result is
passes
consequently
teeth,and
the
higher
is,
as
ground
Unless
into the
indigestion. It
it is
the
a
prepared
food
passes
the
up,
by
the
fowl
intestines
is
The
animals.
gizzard,where
line that~member.
food
SHELLS.
little
is well
improperly
great mistake
not
24
to
the
keep
and
Oyster
fowls
and
should
are
necessary
nothing
can
be
before
their
take
of
drinking
fowls
it is
as
should
be
scalded
from
out
Have
better.
than
the
two-quart
the
by
and
if
which
dish
water
a
shelf
little
a
with
water
your
better
on
the
to
needed
all
the
time.
for
the
egg
of
the
of
house
hen
of
acid
the
much
There
ing
is noth-
galvanized
and
be
carbolic
so
possible.
as
should
scalded
are
and
beings,
dishes
drops
made
measure,
door
few
comfort
and
human
water
a
simple
as
health
of
they
iron,
inches
six
set
from
floor.
SANITATION
It
been
has
houses
and
than
in
for
making
And
yet
in
lime
the
The
time,
to
hens
comfort
and
abundance.
time
the
to
necessary
as
health
in
supplied
added
are
the
to
ative
alter-
WATER.
is
water
an
is
place.
DRINKING
Pure
the
supply
to
Charcoal
grit.
with
supplied
and
tonic,
shells
shells,
well
observation
my
suffer
yards
the
with
built
already
described,
as
soon
warm-
as
air
circulate
the
outside
the
on
there
is
weather
freely
of
ideal
are
the
a
window
comes
lack
of
for
is
creature
community
houses
in
I
for
the
take
through
the
window
frame
hen
house.
keeps
summer
from
summer
as
and
both
the
the
on
windows
Poultry
hot
day
outspread,
comfortable.
such
plan,
cool.
it
a
wings
far
front
out
on
in
up
printed
making
and
open
in
directions
a
wide
shut
kept
are
sanitation
one
watched
mouth
colony
that
to
has
poor
hens
hundred
a
warm
the.
that
Houses
winter,
are
who
anyone
realize
from
more
house
mid-summer,
must
that
There
winter.
SUMMER.
IN
wire
biddies
I
as
well
have
as
for
end.
As
letting
the
tacked
in
and
on
the
26
FEEDING
The
but
FOR
problem, as
how
much.
your
favorite
give
a
do
poultry paper
flock
of
believe
and
ask him
hens, and
15
great deal of skill
to
food
will
he
feed,,
to
of
the editor
to
much
how
what
see
shall
you
It takes
say.
the
overfeeding on
between
steer
this write
not
what
is not
poultryman knows,
every
If you
MUCH.
HOW
EGGS:
a
hand
one
that there is
I believe however
underfeeding on the other.
scientific principle
underlying the matter, and think that after
the
great deal of study and experimentationI have discovered
and
a
a
principle.
In
order
determine
to
how
again interrogateNature.
of the
hen
ascertain
of
was
all
its
breed,
justbefore
and
that she would
corn
far
from
six
passed.from
the crop
been
the
given all the
would weigh not
been
with itscontents
of food
Allowing that two ounces
into the gizzard during the day, and
crop
it will be seen
that when
gizzard into the intestines,
the range,
of food, she will
on
suppliedwith abundance
about eight ounces
of food in the course
of 24 hours.
therefore
that this is about
all the demands
But
of her system and
before
we
things to be taken
had
bulky
and
probable
she
at
to
into consideration.
less nutritious
the range
on
not
need
so
much
food
of food
of
of food
ounces
But
a
a
day
moment.
contains
we
The
dismiss
hen's
in
some
has
tissue
is
more
in her
exercise
is
freely
so
concentrated,
more
she
as
therefore
does
to
when
be
ample
in confinement.
hen
a
weighing
In
10
pounds
matter
as
is not
is
are
vegetables. It
not
one-fourth
quantity.
the
food
far less nutriment
for
does
supply
tion.
produc-
receives
and
grass
day ought
a
hen
the
It would
the hen
food
is
consume
supply the
to
range
her food
by
hen
first
before
food
the hen
where
sight an enormous
weighing 160 would consume
at
the
the
from
hen
to
there
have
a
for egg
the range
food
more
On
than
and
needs
margin
a
On
larger proportionof
liberty. Six ounces
supply all the needs
Six
needs
that in the pen, where
she does
does
a
hen
a
to this conclusion
in confinement.
It contains
pen.
as
when
leave
settle down
plenty of exercise, and
lost than
the amount
to
taken
was
the
seem
crop
in the fields
running
killed had
been
must
we
dissect
to
which
had
feed
put it in the scales
had
from
if she
she had
began
we
we
eat, her crop
ounces.
the
Before
If the hen
weight.
should
we
killed,suppose
American
an
day
had
we
much
so
the
six
ratio
same
of food
absurd
concentrated
proportion to
pounds
bulk.
every
let
us
24
seems
a
hours.
consider
the man's.
as
A
man
a
It
considerable
27
proportionof
it will be voided
the hen
task
has
a
She
creatures.
two
; and
ounces
food
of
be
an
for waste
that
seen
only
the
generous
diet,and
of
state
two
an
six
body.
doctrinaires
few
other
less than
of
food
production,and
repair the
two
it will
tissues
and
The
laying hen needs
advocate
keeping her
who
in
support
no
Then
of the richest
one
ounces
left to
are
have
is
knows,
for egg
of the
semi-starvation
of excrement.
imposed upon
weighing not
egg
the
ounces
ounces
those
is
as
lay
from
temperature
form
everyone
Deduct
two
such
to
as
egg,
and
maintain
a
expected
products.
ounces
perform
to
is
in the
for
reason
a
in
their
theory.
FEEDING
FOR
Having given
I purpose
readers
my
tell them
to
now
EGGS:
I desire to state
to
to
apply common
other things;
There
said in
it
adopt
in
not
or
the
describe.
not
Into
two
quarts
and
one
as
cut
I then
where
take
the
metal
heaping teaspoonful of
sprinkle in
-the mash
to
feed
in
have
I
have
and
hens
to
no
after
the
or
the
food
they
it must
become
it
into
as
I
feed
I
about
am
to
bran,
wheat
or
first
quarts
two
put
and
fingers.
in
Some
just as
accustomed
the mash
and
and
advocate
but
it
(or
before
I think
to
just right
it feel
have
that
so
nourishing
to
weather
particleand
every
dry enough
a
added
is then
hand
on
stir in
in the coldest
water
it
set
I next
warm.
my
and
house
the
Boiling
up
moistened,
the
beef scraps,
salt,and
readilyenough;
be
you
mash
A
is made
become
can
some
is
leave
I
ground bone or
ingredientsare thoroughly mixed
pepper.
take
can
palm
doubt
will eat
digested
follows:
green
kettle
(not hot),
pleasantlywarm
adhere
as
just sufficient quantity to moisten
it stickyand sloppy. I consider
when
and
mine,
you
quarts mixed
coarse-fine
little black
a
give
holding 12 quarts
The
the
As
good as mine.
possiblecombinations
as
many
mash
quart
one
I
of wisdom.
monopoly
a
best.
clover, two.
meal,
are
I da
production,as
have
methods
The
iron kettle
of egg
to
I feed
May
quart table scraps.
range
not
think
you
to
an
corn
together.
yet
claim
I aim
patent methods.
no
problem
other
morning.
(dry measure)
the
I do
doubtless
are
October
From
thing
the
preceding section, there
produce good results.
a
that will
to
but
that I have
to
METHOD.
that apply to feeding,
principles
I put these principles
into practice.
the
how
here
sense
WINTER
it will
not
dry feeding.
without
starved
the
it better
the
into
food
and
I
water,
it) the
can
safer
be
to
28
it for the
moisten
do
believe
not
after
there.
body
when
to
use
the pens
and
to
collect the eggs
apples
onions
or
has
day.
At
and
look
shown
me
in the afternoon
up
that temperature.
CLEAN.
clean
in
I make
On
through
into the kettle,
of the pens
round
a
reasonable
a
I go
Then
(ifanything )back
o'clock
1 1
bird's
the
little higher) she
UP
hour.
an
it goes
leave
in each
the birds
will eat
up
of
and
"
will eat
ture
mix-
tripI take
mangel wurzels, cabbages,
the amount
that experience
pen
food
green
EAT
I
so.
dry
of
temperature
WILL
half
to
is left
what
empty
be fed the next
me
the hens
of
before
can
mornings, a
in raisingit to
heat
15 minutes
from
I
as
cold
HENS
THE
to
with
her
up
the
is about
(or, on
all the mash
say
"
it is fed
ALL
I feed
mash
evenly
so
crop
do
to
handful
large
a
them
allow
to
moisten
can
the
if the
have
FEED
time
it enters
than
myself
bird
the
Then
will not
birds
I make
after the birds.
sort
some
About
clean.
o'clock
two
again. I have told
I keep a male
and
12
females,and on this
you that in each pen
I throw
down
in the deep litter one
trip in the early afternoon
kind.
The
three grains I
quart (dry measure) of grain of some
feed are
and oats.
I study to give variety.
wheat, cracked corn
On a mild afternoon
I feed all oats or all wheat, on a moderately
"cold afternoon,about half cracked
and about half wheat
corn
or
oats,
and
"
I get home
hens
on
a
have
dishes,
pause
to
gone
afternoon, cracked
all
any
moment
each
breathing right (no
are
feel
If the crop
is
of
is about
the
to
crops
right so
far
the
as
other
l"ut I vary
given
these
same
thing for
birds
do.
meal
for green
About
to
nor
see
neither
"
ground
a
see
that
the
nests,
the
birds
distended
that
on
the one, hand
the
grain
ration
concerned.
of my
ingredients,
ingredientsfrom time
twice
in
VARIETY.
the
breakfast
be
sionally
occabronchitis) and
if I am
feeding enough.
I conclude
quantityis
STUDY
I have
may
colds
"
on
When
it is
house
comfortablyfull
nearly empty
nor
that
eggs
in
alone.
corn
generallydusk and the
Before
I go through each pen to
supper
right for the night. I empty the water
roost.
are
collect
a
of the pens
making pastoralcalls
that the birds
see
cold
very
from
the round
"
this
every
week
bone
standard
to time.
morning,
and
I substitute
or
meat
scraps
morning mash,
I don't
I don't
gluten meal
; and
once
want
the
believe my
linseed
or
in
a
while
29
I
give
a
be
and
by
bulk
bone
The
variety to
Biles'
table
FEEDING
it is in
wheat
hens
of
quarts
made
grass
and
weeds
mixed
that
with
of
tons
load
of
seaweed
of small
from
and
is
are
what
this method
and
his
fast
flock,and
mash.
The
heavy
and
however,
are
my
do not
; in the
in
birds
my
been
one
other, I
case
am
I
fed
am
after
give my
instead
here
in
of food
A
hauling.
greedily.
the
of
the beach
on
for the hens
to
list and
will breed
eat
as
lions
milThese
than
wheat,
dailybill
of fare.
CAUTION.
method
my
of
individual
to
The
he
feeding, but
made
exercise
fed
the
so
much
with
I feed
is that
his
too
enough. Bear in mind,
Birds that
laying stock.
things
same
and
and
eggs
fertile
eggs
study
must
brains
mix
must
hard
No
cases.
poultryman
will be
after
up
summer
addition
talkingabout
are
fat and
same
supply
for the
the fowls
down.
for breeding
kept over
laying stock, but are not
In
yard
given
that
food,
washes
be had
adapted
criticism
in
meal.
fortunate
are
may
"
make
We
EGGS"
I have
rich
Very
too, I
summer,
storm
by experience
that I have
more.
them
learn
large
a
cheap
laid
be
can
add
corn
inexhaustible
an
which
to be
of
for green
onions.
FOR
will need
rule
morning,
METHOD.
said to be better
before
goes
green
and
the
substantially
struck entirelyoff my
garden
which
very
a
grains.
its bulk
place. In
its
into
FEEDING
In
every
distillers'
northeast
worms,,
certainlyform
with
season
"
is
hand
at
dumped
maggots,
or
worms,
green
eat
quarts
bran
one
potatoes
fowls
two
or
I feed
one-third
summer
the
seaweed,
white
the
SUMMER
corn
take
to
Hampton in having close
not
usuallyfound. Every
and
feed
from
by-product
a
mangels, cabbages,apples and
tons
and
potatoes,
potatoes,
which
EGGS"
winter, except
oats
mashed
bra-n,which
mixed
feeding in
and
they
give a
ration.
FOR
method
My
where
plenty of small
boiled
four
food, when
new
stove
night
Occasionally I
I have
or
scraps,
is
(XXXX)
valuable
of the
the
bulk of Biles' Fourex*
feed
quarts
standard
my
Fourex
A
protein.
two
back
by
of
composed
and
hot.
serve
When
scalded
oats
morning.
meal.
I put in about
avidity.
ground
in the
mixed
the
"
the
on
parts
dish
and
bone
stand
oats
of three
corn
a
scalded
nice
up
of
up
ground
*
to
made
make
I
allowed
warm
breakfast
part
of
and
before
will
breakfast
"
are
a
that
I feed
made
to
good
many
that will hatch
cise
exer-
of
strong
30
chicks.
If you
"drop an
occasional
of
the birds
set
hands.
your
soft-shelled
as
the time
feed
you
mash
feeding the
once
it don't
on
make
noon
or
rightthings.
FEEDING.
FOR
RULE
at
hens
morning,
the
feed
and
enough
feed
you
dead
:
lazy,
instead
the ration
will have
you
whether
GOLDEN
THE
of
fat and
that their combs
purple,reduce
otherwise
"
becoming
are
and
egg,
dull
a
difference
of
night, so long
are
work
to
About
cent's worth
birds
that your
being a healthy red
and
a
notice
quantityto meet all the
needs
of her system and leave a margin for egg production. A
mash
in the morning, all she will eat with good relish in 15
warm
minutes
hour.
to half an
Enough grain during the day so that
Give
she
the
will
hen
the
on
roost
to
go
sufficient varietyand
a
with
nor
food, either in mash or
In general it may
and more
of it than in summer.
one
ounce
of food a day for each pound she weighs
hen.
for the average
SUCCESSFUL
SOME
HOW
tended
dis-
nearly empty on the other. Green]
heatingfood in winter
separately. More
hand
one
crop moderately full, neither
a
MEN
said,that
be
is about
right
FEED.
Salisbury,N. H." One of the most
remarkable
poultrymen that I know
anything about is Mr. B. F.
Dunlap of West
Salisbury,N. H., who keeps from 450 to 500
Island
head
of laying stock
(White Wyandottes and Rhode
Reds) and clears up a profitof $1,000 yearly. Mr. Dunlap is
B. F.
MR.
can
devote
Mr.
Dunlap
his
proprietorof
and
postmaster
West
DUNLAP,
to
his hens
country store, and
a
is what
lives five miles
he
from
the nearest
profitsfrom eggs, which he markets
"Every day something different,"is
as
expressed
he
names
in his
from
the
words.
own
enough
Boiled
1.
soaked
over
quarts
; corn
2.
quarts;
Waste
corn
He
The
oats.
kettlesful
being
In the
night, 3 quarts.
oats,
ground
bread, soaked
and
oats,
2
over
and
over
quarts.
makes
in Boston.
the
each
up
he
his business.
railroad,and
principlehe
four
four
mixed
potatoes, soaked
and
has
leading article in
bread, clover hay, whole
from
snatch
can
all the time
:
on,
combinations, which
Boiled
potatoes,
combinations
to
goes
feed
night,
8
the
are
whole
quarts;
\vaste
as
lows,
fol-
flock
:
gluten,
feed, 2
morning add mixed
mixed
together,2 quarts.
night,8 quarts; beef scraps, 2
31
Clover
3.
flour
quarts
and
corn
hay,
middlings,
soaked
oats,
over
night,4 quarts.
beef
and
bone,
mash
The
at
"comes
The
he
The
day
he
day
he feeds
The
grain
hens
have
all the
and
Mr.
breakfast
G. M.
breeds
feeds
next
given in
The
200
much
all
last meal
wheat.
Mr.
and
9.30
At
way.
given
kept
are
it.
Station is
doing
originatorof
records.
individual
Rocks, and
follows
as
time,
they want
Plymouth
feeds
a
:
in each
lot.
pint of wheat, in the deep litter
one-half
A.M.
pint of oats is fed
one-half
P.M.
I
before.
are
He
and
all the
pens
is the
keeps
the hens
crop
when
Gowell
Barred
cockerels
At
the
the
digest and
can
empty
an
food
book, and
one
they
as
and
pen,
give
not
Experiment
hen.
egg
receives
same
does
Dunlap
hens.
two
the litter as
At
3
all the
P.M.
pint of
in winter
and
corn
in
4 P.M.
will eat
they
mash
cracked
clean,
up
hour.
an
mash
is made
wheat
Part
scraps.
of
bran
pounds
; 100
of its bulk
of clover
water.
The
clean
grit and
mash
the
linseed
meal
The
is made
water
and
leaves
are
The
; 100
meal
mash
clover
is
all times
pounds
before
"
wheat
is omitted, and
the
from
meal
one-fourth
the
thoroughly soaked
Cracked
:
fine
meat
contains
heads, secured
meals
or
pounds
; 100
quite dry.
at
meal
corn
the linseed
doubled.
of
following mixture
pounds
; 100
of the year
meal
meat
of
floor in the cattle barn.
"
and
litter in each
of green
taste
in this
200
22
and
as
Wyandottes
they
middlings
amount
a
with
the
in the
pounds
meat
given
are
potatoes the hens have
of the Maine
morning.
summer
in half
second
morning with
turnips are kept in
get
work
of
in the
is
hens
kind.
some
Mr.
the
described
pen
them
the
quarts
2
bread
eat, but
GOWELL
White
to
the
The
boiled
for it.
Twenty pulletsand
Each
of
can
can
found
ago
early
bone,
quarts shorts, I quart
2
and
minutes.
into the sand
scratch
the trap nest
long
and
2
oats.
morning,
grain
waste
is thrown
excellent
He
add
morning
they have wheat or cracked corn.
feeds clover hay they have
cracked
And
the
corn.
cracked
buckwheat.
oats and glutenthey have
corn
or
that the hens
some
and
in ten
is
grain they
MR.
beef
add
morning
corn
good appetite. Whole
so
the
Dunlap
feeds
to
to
come
the
night,8 quarts; gluten,soaked
over
in the
clean
up
day
day
quarts
2
noon,
The
In
is fed
will eat
they
boiled
quarts
2
In
night.
over
oats.
Whole
4.
soaked
feeding
with
hot
bone, oyster shells,
them.
Two
large
32
mangels
food
green
C.
has
fed
are
birds
plenty in
in
more
hen,
2OO-egg
and
but
of his White
some
"
who
man
figure. Dr.
any specialbill
of feeding,as
this
upon
his method
is excellent.
words,
own
than
inheritance
upon
gettingthe
in his
Andover, Mass., is another
of
obtainingthe 2OO-egg hen
having considerably exceeded
relies
of fare in
daily in winter,
pen
in
Wyandottes
Bricault
in each
summer.
BRICAULT, M.D.V.,
succeeded
given
the
to
followinggrains is scattered in the
handful
hens.
litter: oats, wheat, corn, barley,about one
to two
We
then water
the hens, giving warmed
water
on
very cold days ;
"Morning.
that
of the
the
with
is,water
"Noon."
One
"
off.
chill taken
morning, but less,about one handful
We
At this
feed a different grain at every meal.
to three hens.
meal we
give the green food of the day (cabbage one day, beets
the next, scalded clover or whatever
have on hand), but they
we
food every day. Sometimes
we
give a feed of green
get green
do not feed cut
bone as a varietyin place of grain; but we
cut
bone regularly.
"Night. Our mash is fed at night,and we give the hens all
meal,
they will eat. We make the mash as follows: bran, corn
ground oats, equal parts by bulk, well mixed
together. These
meals
to make
are
put in the trough with enough boilingwater
'wet dry/ and covered
with a bag and left to cook
the mass
over
Grain
in the
as
"
"
in their
heat ; when
own
second
day.
We
eat
clean
in half
up
omitted
we
to each
hen.
"A
feed
in the
mash,
mixture
to
"We
2
:
in
serve
mixture
a
and
lunch
as
keep
one
a
pick at.
This
inches
apart.
feed
days
mentioned
half
give
grains
"
placed in every
there is grit,
in the
of meat
the mash
which
on
is
between
and
the
grain.
This
pen,
other
every
all
they
will
the
mash
is
one
handful
divided
into
oyster shells,
ground grains
last makes
a
used
good
meals.
piece of rock salt in each pen
be placed in a slatted box, with
small
can
We
troughs,and
The
of the above
half meat
also
to
"We
contains
long
hour.
self-feeding
trough
the third
about
it in
an
give one
three compartments
hens
cool it is fed.
for the
the slats
believe in
in feedingand practice
it.
regularity
"After
the hens have gone
to roost
at night,we
scatter
morning feed in the litter so the hens can go to scratchingas
off the roost in the morning."
as
they come
the
soon
CHAPTER
FOODS
Readers
coming
of
the
comprehend.
teids"
this
in
read
is
cases
much
he
why
fed
he
as
justifieditself
in
enable
a
for
substitute
feed
so
that
loss
of
time
or
waste
make
the
he
food
first is
repair
and
is
THINGS
is eaten
In
up.
being replaced by
is to
besides
this
going
on
be
out, and
the
of
and
the
elements
to
the
sufficient
body
Old
on.
price, and
ter
chap-
that
simple
so
without
in this
purpose
one
any-
considerable
and
and
is
built
egg
is
formed.
food
body
the
are
life and
quantities
;
that
or
is taken
also
of
the
called
health
being
they
milk
of the
and
that
and
cow
They
animal,
death
and
will
the
feathers
their
to
the
are
must
ensue.
exact
an
But
be
may
for
chick,
are
ing
com-
daily increment.
Now
go
down
eaten.
process
In
largely
enter
proteids.
decay
another
rapidly, the
up
if
be
must
and
waste
breaking
that
manufacture.
growth
being
repair
of
are
food
The
perform.
process
a
It is evident
ones.
waste
UP.
to
tissues
the
the
These
in
the
often
can
is after
he
functions
three
receive
build
"
great
he
as
BUILD
muscles
elements
product
of
lower
feeding
and
in the
up
results
flesh
hen
laying
value.
the
animal
new
of
instance, the frame
In
the
preserved
process
that
"
had
be
THAT
has
continually going
balance
his ration
it.
that
build
to
could
may
much
and
who
of
It is my
foods
many
knowledge
one
way.
All
little
economically,
secure
of
a
with
one
that
fact
feeding
food
in any
PROTEIDS"
The
yet
more
can
matter
understand
can
feed
high-priced
to
the
foods."
talked
found
rarely
from
scientific
to
man
a
have
dimly
rations, "pro-
"coarse
I have
And
experience.
also
to
but
did, apart
elementary principles of
It will
Greek.
and
but
they
"wide"
and
continually
are
which
"concentrates"
intelligentpoultry keepers,
tell
of
meaning
"narrow"
of
so
VALUES.
agricultural press
the
"carbohydrates,"
most
FOOD
and
poultry
They
and
AND
expressions
across
V.
there
repair
into
egg
the
of
are
the
waste
tured
manufacthe
absolutely
be
tain
cer-
hen.
sary
neces-
furnished
in
33
CARBOHYDRATES"
Besides
warm
buildingup
The
up.
that
of the
is burned
70, and
body
body
chill from
a
There
of
sugar,
extract"),and
of
we
28
all noticed
starch
gums
and
cellulose
do
it.
never
in the
these
the
on
of
And
use
feed
justas
a
cold
a
room
to
hen
Such
burns
In
that
the
case,
well
is burned
serves
the
the
The
to
of
ers
farmsive,
exces-
when
we
fuel which
body at 103.
house
snugly-built
apparent.
once
purpose
is
do
we
cially
espe-
the
crop
is the
warm,
a
are
of her
temperature
at
double
corn
corn
establishment
manufacturing
a
up
the result
this,or
preciselywhat
importance
conducted
in
that go
when
winter.
fuel bills becomes
down
a
that is
maintain
to
being the
keep
hens
our
day
recover.
food
in years
in the
coal
directlyto the
called carbohydrates. They
are
(sometimes called "nitrogen-free
fibre (the coarse
or
woody part
or
Nebraska,
for fuel ; and
corn
corn
the
and
ture
tempera-
yet the temperature
degrees above
may
elements
maintain
to
"
98 degrees;
in the stomach
required to
heat, and
the
To
purpose
is
body
the temperature
keep
UP.
for another
human
the
have
kept
WARM
plant) which, however, is indigestible. The cereals
rich in carbohydrates. We
sometimes
read that
a
in Kansas
to
of
be burned
which
certain
are
production
include
be
must
required
You
fuel is
THAT
degrees.
must
furnace.
much
of the
is
103
difficult it is to
how
will be
body,
food
in the
how
food
temperature
hen's
of the
winter
THINGS
:
the
fuel
the
only generates
it not
building,but it also generates the steam that
drives the machinery.
Perfectlyanalogous to this is the service
rendered
carbohydrates.
by the food elements that we denominate
They not only keep the body at a proper temperature, but they
steam
that
also
furnish
the
warms
FATS"
"live from
from
coal
day
vegetables
but
them
content
she
lays by
that
a
reserve
a
to
are
each
amount
invests
is not
so
his flour
needs
certain
or
of
the
thriftywage-earner
a
bank
as
cellar, in which
The
saves
mouth,"
day,
to
he
as
well-stocked
time.
to
UP.
STORED
household
On
use.
is not
the
does
a
week
which
which
not
Nature,
shall
they
live
can
he
from
his
his
has
for
a
some
he earns,
deposits in
our
draw
buy
time, and
contrary
he
to
content
enough suppliesto last
does not spend quiteall
children
from
a
is done.
saying is. He
few pounds at
in life insurance.
her
work
ARE
prudent head
and
hand
the
THAT
THINGS
careful
The
which
by
the energy
a
ings
sav-
thriftymother,
day by day;
in time
of need.
36
This
reserve
with
which
There
food
is the
she
is
But
place.
curious
they
is not
York
State
upon
food
from
to
of the
which
and
tissues
place
of
the
Station
each
fat had
been
other, to
extracted
fats.
their
At
the
for 95
days
thoroughly
as
fat the
some
take
can
fed
was
of food
this absence
similar
cow
a
different
of the
proteids. Nothing
carbohydratesand the
Experiment
milk
secrete
the
is true
of the
true
possible. In spiteof
as
the
around
wraps
thing that
take
can
it is true
New
she
of the organs.
some
very
"
This
extent.
encases
one
elements
fat which
ued
contin-
cow
ration.
produced on a normal
was
yielded in the milk during
ing
gained forty-sevenpounds dur-
that
to
Nearly sixty-threepounds of fat
the ninety-five
days, and the cow
that time, being judged a much
fatter cow
at the end than at
the beginning. This
conclusive
to be
seem
experiment would
that the milk fat was
from
produced quitelargely,if not entirely,
the carbohydratesof the food.
On the other hand, so well is it
settled that fat may
be converted
into carbohydrates,that it is the
common
practiceto multiply the fat by 2.25 to get its equivalent
in carbohydrates in making up an
equation.
Besides
these three principalfood elements
which
I have enumerated
there
are
subordinate
the mineral
ashes
consist
ingredientsafter
follows
as
food
a
:
Ash,
is burned.
resenting
rep-
These
of
Fibre
or
cellulose,the
the
under
(already mentioned
appropriatelycoming here).
A
elements
lime, potash, soda, magnesia, iron, phosphoric
sulphuric acid. Water, present in all foods to. some
acid, and
extent.
food
BALANCED
coarse
head
RATION.
woody part of a plant
carbohydrates,but more
or
of
WIDE
AND
NARROW
RATIONS.
We
ration
the
needs
in
now
are
is
of
ration
a
the
It will
ration
a
is not
balanced
ration
that
fixed
and
all the elements
invariable
for chicks
fattened
definitions.
our
for
is not
thing.
balanced
laying stock
for market.
A
for
anced
bal-
to meet
present in right
that
ration
a
balanced
that
is
rectly
cor-
laying stock, and
is not
It has
A
required
for the time being are
seen
by this definition
be
that is balanced
being
in which
animal
proportion.
frame
positionto
a
been
balanced
found
a
for birds
by experience
that the ration 1.2
(one part protein to two parts carbohydrates)
is about rightfor chicks; the ration 1.4 is about rightfor
laying stock ; and the ration i .6 is about right for fattening. In
are
37
making
the
and
A
the ration
up
ingredientsare weighed, not measured,
hydrates.
multipliedby 2.25 (or 2^) to reduce it to carbo-
fat is
wide
the
ration
is
in which
one
the
proteinis largelyexceeded
the
ration is one
in
carbohydrates; a narrow
and carbohydrates are
more
nearly equal. As
anything exceeding 1 : 6 would be called a wide
by
under
it a
narrow
SOME
must
sense
for
on
a
on
as
than
wider
feed
efforts
to
draws
upon
power
of
for this
take
her
of
a
one
food;
will
goodly output
if
value
and
it is not
much
too
It is
the
great, but
the
the
has
she
only
can
way
in
now
ratios with
hens
this your
sure
are
succulent, nutritious
to
respond
with
a
of eggs.
is that it makes
it
too
of
by drawing on her reserve.
see
why it is that one poultryman
another, and both have good results.
is to get your
is the value
makes
keep
body unassimilated.
feeding generously. Nature
FOOD.
GREEN
What
instance,
coal to
adjustment,
bungling and imperfect
do not feed enough, she
power
feed
we
through
another
do
if you
and
as
much
deficit is
a
principalthing
The
For
next.
same
considerable
I advocate
and
way,
the
on
and
surplus if
MIND.
in midsummer.
or
excess
reader, too,
The
thing
any-
day the flock would
(more carbohydratesor warming up
and
reserve;
meet
can
twice
well-meaning but
If we
scientifically.
that
reason
she
feeds
her
fact,
ration, and
IN
for the
burn
we
has
hen
passing the
care
which
day
the
our
a
ration
mild
survives
so
of
matter
lutely
carefullywill see how absoflock of hens by rule.
Common
be correctlybalanced
that would
balanced
be
not
day;
a
protein
me
ration
mild
Fortunately
and
A
in winter
a
on
feed
day
much
require a
food)
would
cold
very
warm
in.
BEAR
followed
it is to
come
day
one
TO
has
who
impossible
a
the
one.
THINGS
reader
The
which
of green
it
more
possiblefor
particle. Then,
too,
the
a
Its
often
soluble
and
contains
great
the ration
gastricjuices to permeate
food
green
need, in
salts that the birds
dailyration?
digestible
; it lightensup
in the
food
certain
form.
digestible
every
mineral
Green
in the
portion of the dailybill of fare, either
mash
or
separately. "In the winter and early spring months,
mangel-wurzels, if properly kept, may be fed to good advantage.
food
should
form
a
38
In
these
feeding
simply
will
then
localities
and
fresh
and
almost
crisp,
any
in
food,
green
soft
food,
they
as
the
eat
can
it
in
is
best.
little
and
It
the
be
alone
boiling
do.
short
into
at
cut
there
have
Or
It
meal
say
it
is
is
not
just
a
as
during
the
all
about
have
the
it
be
excellent,
and
of
mixed
in
to
necessary
but
tender
of
an
inch,
the
steep
somewhat
for
over
care
should
hens
and
fed
with
mash
night
be
be
may
expensive.
a
leaves
Great
morning
it
or
green
dry.
Clover
crop.
bloom,
into
coming
woody
one-fourth
may
is
clover
Second-crop
profusion
become
curing
lengths,
water.
fowls
excellence.
par
is
not
in
noon.
Clover
be
when
taken
the
FOOD.
A
AS
food,
green
should
stalks
The
with
fed
separately
the
that
quantities
such
feed
to
fact,
in
profit.
and
fine
cut
good
as
and,
with
be
can
equally
fed
many
time."
one
the
before,
should
cut
is
be
in
they
suitable,
be
the
from
as
are
also
can
better
CLOVER
Clover
leaves
may
is
long
so
are
food
green
rule,
a
day,
at
apples
instances,
many
but,
of
middle
Sweet
fresh,
beet
and
fowls
cheaply
grown
food
green
Kale
eaten.
be
food
crisp
fresh,
can
The
knife.
large
is
practice
good
very
a
a
the
all
out
excellent
crisp.
hens
with
Cabbages
make
readily
are
pick
to
and
of
lengthwise
surface.
cut
flocks
to
root
able
be
exposed
kept
the
split
to
beets
as
some
"
CD
JQ
8"
3
H
B
Gc
P
O
oo
OB
"5"
'
"
P 3
S
Cr
O
ct-
2
"
kJ
5 f
I
QQ
B
O
'
O
B
MI
P-3
8S5J
go
SS^S
q
'*",?"
.r-S
2.2.
3
en
ftj*
h-fe
"i
-^
^
p^
^
O
5
(.w
ft
-k
p
00
OCOO
r*
^p-
C
g:;3
o
p
_
s"
8
S" ^%
O
%
Ed
w
40
TABLE
SHOWING
AND
COMPOSITION
PRINCIPAL
FOODS.
VALUATION
OF
42
of themselves.
Get
out
first great rule for winter
The
chicks
your
early
they break the she'lldown
in the fall.
breed
breeds
has
to
will be
the
Americans
Mediterraneans
are
conditions.
drop
to
to lay until well
to
zero.
pulletsof
the American
times
No
wonder
hatched
until
out
if he
will
fills his pens
few
The
hand,
get ready
not
winter
wants
matured
well
with
the
cause
other
the
who
man
ESSENTIAL.
hens
not
were
they
June, and
did
expected
not!
They
handfuls
of
corn
too
for
them
down
up
to
ing
nights, roost-
into the noisome
thrown
were
pick
to
in
not
were
cold
the barn
lay
to
expected
were
livingin the fields. After it become
in trees they were
allowed
to stay in
roost
thrust down
the big beams, or were
on
A
often
they do
"
their
cellar.
given where
surpassed the
susceptibleto
very
snap
ment
state-
will stand.
Asiatics,on
The
HOUSE
olden
winter.
cold
are
this
class.
WARM
A
and
in
mistake
no
equalled or
maturing
spring. The
slow
towards
on
will make
In
sudden
that
the statement
feathered
A
feathered,but
thick
eggs
thin
ican
rule the Amer-
a
will be
instances
have
production; but
are
product
egg
that
As
I know
layers.
Asiatics
or
in egg
climatic
winter
it.
with
do
to
challenged,and
Mediterraneans
BEST.
BREEDS
best
:
from the day
keep them coming
the day they go into the laying pens
something
the
are
follows
as
and
AMERICAN
The
is
eggs
to
them
barn
from
they could
break the ice in the horse trough. It is a marvel
eat snow
or
they
lived through the winter, to say nothing of laying eggs.
ever
Even
better understood,
to-day,when poultrykeeping is so much
the importance of a warm
house
is not half enough appreciated.
The
West
tifically
VirginiaExperiment station a few years ago scien-
time
to
time, and
if
demonstrated
of winter
similar
in
houses
had
roofs.
Before
they
the
eggs.
all respects
been
the inside with
all the cracks.
for five
the
wanted
to
quench
of
importance
"Two
were
constructed
houses
selected
with
a
their thirst
warm
matched
in the production
by side and
the experiment. The
siding and shingle
situated
for
house
side
sheathed
on
experiment began, one house was
boards
and then thoroughly papered so as to cover
The
experiment began November
tinued
24th, and coneach.
of
The
flocks
fed
two
were
periods
30 days
43
the
kind
same
produced
cold
and
house
hens
100
in favor
was
a
for
expense
Readers
of
to
in
if
and
them
and
increasingthe
in the
production
the
substance
winter, or, indeed,
with
the
at
winter's
work
with
what
for
I have
foods
hand
there
I suppose,
used
hindrances
to
much
his
that
bank
a
man
1
as
not
1
or
make
that
no
eggs
8 hours
at
Nature
reserve.
he
But,
into the life of every
6
up
the
allows
a
harm
to
are
deficit
as
responds.
as
yield;
egg
to
able
profit-
a
great rule for
food
to
the
and
give
expediency
wanted.
are
their
On
the
on
use;
it would
I suppose
to
a
each
consume
matter
to
or
a
use
very
to
do
as
he
is
day only
can.
so-
come
compelled todraw
upon
condition-
on
is like
Nature
a
It
occasionallyto overdraw.
healthy,well-grown bird a little
and condition
stimulants
powders
purpose
she
this,but only
he
be better
of fact, there
when
man
soon
customer
stimulate,
habituallyis to defeat the
they either kill the hen
supply
stretch, day after day, and
a
him
high ; but
must
good
a
eggs
recommend
busy
allows
good
as
winter
but
overwork,
made.
he
nothing,,
condemn.
Theoretically,.
unqualifiedly
them ; but, actually,
to use
they may be
who
to
never
sary
neces-
TONICS.
where
who
some
get
"Overcrowding
the second
in this connection
tonics
are
those
are
energy
will do
when
there
it is better
occasions
work
and
no-
for
serious "hindrance
AND
up
To
it is
he
making.
egg
to good advantage.
occasionally
for
house
it will do
said.
year,
his hens
So
FOODS
but
get something
from
the
question comes
using egg
other
the
will need
eggs,
of the
cannot
materials
raw
this book
season
plenty of eggs
EGG
one
that
EGGS.
layers."
is: Give plenty of good wholesome
eggs
winter layers.
variety,if you want
the
ance
bal-
in the
seen
of
winter
of
worth
eg"s
warmth
of winter
of
any
One
generously.
is to get
one
The
eggs-
in the
time,,a
same
It is thus
WINTER
underfeeding are two serious
underfeeding is by far the more
but
$22.06.
preceding chapter of
repeat
feed
to
in the
flock of 1,103
or
of
5,239, while
was
4,136 eggs
FOR
the
specialinstruction
eggs
total number
profitableinvestment."
very
harm
The
house
warm
dozen,
per
FEEDING
no
food.
house
warm
cents
24
additional
in the
laid but
of the
local market
the
hens
TOO
per
of
amount
becomes
for which
they
immune
and
are
no
made
"
longer
44
in GOLD
$100.00
Some
years
"Gold
a
Coin
of
WON
FOX
S. D.
MR.
the manufacturers
ago
advertised
powder
HOW
:
IT.
condition
well-known
a
Premium
Contest/'
for the
best
during the winter months, in which $200.00,in gold
There
first prize of
to be given to 16 contestants.
was
was
one
$100.00, five prizesof $10.00 each, and ten prizesof $5.00 each.
egg
record
The
contest
each
contestant
was
dollar's worth
one
months'
trial.
N. H.
powder,
for
time
first prizewas
the
Mr.
by
Fox
kept
conditions
12
hens,
and
must
of
close
won
Unfortunately Mr.
The
less than
not
of condition
The
The
April i.
keep
must
world.
the
to
open
no
buy
must
make
the
of
least
at
set
was
Wolfeboro,
other
records
at
full four
a
contest
S. D. Fox
that
were
than
those
generalclearingup of the central office a short
time since all records
were
destroyed.
relating to the contest
it may
be
unable
to give the figures, but
Consequently I am
Mr.
Fox
of contestants
enough to state that out of hundreds
the first prize. I-will give his methods, as nearly as possible
won
he sent
in
in,and
in his
a
words.
own
fall,"said Mr.
"That
Fox, "I had
a
fine lot of hens,
master
"
make
Wyandottes, with justa dash of Leghorn blood in 'em to
'em lay. They were
hatched
early,and I began to get eggs
from
them
White
in October.
When
I
the
saw
I
advertised
contest
I didn't expect to get the first prize,but
thought I would enter.
So I bought a
thought possiblyI might get one of the others.
dollar's worth
of condition
powder of C. W. Hicks, who then
I remembered
Drug Store, and started in.
kept the Wolfeboro
is nothing
: 'There
reading in an old book the followingsentence
that will make
a
that
cow
milk
and
started
parts of
I made
cayenne
clean.
'em
days
a
three
times
sour;
when
of
20
and
they
of linseed
meal
and
had
this mash
it to
no
'em
water
in the
"
it to
form
nothing
we
scraps
skim
warm
'em
sweet;
the
had
milk.
hens
I gave
of curd.
There
milk.
Lay?
but
I
so
a
I gave
night corn.
I gave
thing
any-
teaspoonfulof
they would eat up
all the mash
at
take.
with
up
know
days, and
what
into the milk
I shook
the hens
would
I gave
they
in those
oats, and
I fed
noon
I didn't
bran.
bone
week
a
giving about 16 quarts of
of the likeliest lookingpullets,
morning a mash made of equal
in the
I mixed
I had
milk.'
was
ground
I gave
pepper.
At
pen
or
handful
the table.
all the milk
to
meal
meat
put in instead
or
a
up
and
pepper
cayenne
meal, ground oats,
corn
left from
to
fall,which
I fed them
in.
about
Two
lay equal
in that
came
day.
a
hens
were
You
it
45
never
anything
saw
laid.
they
Anyway
of $100.00.
they
Give
what
but
like it !
I
me
hens
MR.
"I
give
can
that
anxious
I
one
vouch
can
pounds
fenugreek,
half
pound
Put
a
that
TO
about
It costs
pounds.
When
some
slight shock
those
who
range
as
rear
as
early as
from
range
should
This
the
and
the
not
October
range
do
or
1st
and
off in
"
if not
soon
"bred-to-lay" kind.
"
the
introduced
More
meat
into
induces
egg
meal
their
or
or
production,
free
directed
be
ingly
Accord-
pulletsshould
bone
may
stimulant
a
condition
they
be
their
Here
ground
if
of
is correct.
to
ration, and
pepper
need
near
as
put into the laying houses.
given in the shape of cayenne
treatment
before
30
majority
exercise.
useless
is
lay they
This
months.
summer
if you
FALL.
The
range,
and
it."
not
in.
free
them
run
be restricted.
advantageously
be
give
When
scraps,
THE
IN
one-
keep.
hens.
right
make
to
and
and
ingredients
the
them
start
to
20
64
five
scraps,
meat
or
half
lay
But
I got
Mix
they get their growth their energies need
taken
may
chickens
production
egg
change
to
flock
mixture
of
a
was
day got
one
beef
for
LAYING
enough
possible,during
after
be
or
and
I
persuader I know
salt.
get the
weight
killed
pounds charcoal,
meal
meat
food
of it.
much
pounds
ten
will
egg
it had
same
morning,
TO
old
pulletsare
the
pound
will
dollar
a
an
72 hens, and
to
that
Maybe
greatest hen
from
no
PULLETS
START
too
every
combined
the
fed
meal,
You
for
lay, and
one-half
mash
mash.
the
salt
not
bone
prize
I'll risk
tonic
once
name.
succession
food, feed
egg
off
and
the
winter
one
many
first
milk, and
food
egg
pounds sulphur, two
in the
pint
me
give you
It is the
pepper,
the
the first thing I knew
'em
it
two
cayenne
this
feed
have
how
PERSUADER.
Fox.
pounds
ten
half
remember
to
time."
I won't
in
days
Take
But
every
HEN
for.
eggs.
do
skim
"I sent
I fed
Five
eggs.
you
and
Mr.
to
about.
anything
68
pepper
an
I guess
No,
little too
this
said
bring
receipt for
a
remember
to
highly advertised, and
was
five hens.
a
you
I could
enough
lay
FOX'S
the business,"
do
laid
cayenne
make
can
I wish
are
powder.
of
the
CHAPTER
THE
Why
SEX
do
that
ELEMENT
hens
lay
confronts
thought
even
uniform
will
be
It is evident
for
their
who
has
has
taken
hemorrhage,
must
has
man
one
"do not
for
lay
for
an
in the
species
birds
rear
lays
her
wild
lays
them
in
reproduction,
but
ten
have
-of this
to
to
the
lay.
it
stimulated
as
makes
so
do
Anyone
internal
some
by
there
so
Nor
do
who
or
egg,
egg
lay
not
hen
is
there
is
a
Doubtless
but
is when
hens
a
lay
to
complaint, and
hens
lay only
dear!
are
when
hens
No,
of their
owner
;
at
the
be
and
plants, animals
to
imperious
is this
the
nature
"Multiply
addressed
of
of
design
cost.
any
is the
living thing
every
to
some
if
imperious
lays
lower
of
instinct
orders
not
We
that
we
egg
ever
instinct
six to
from
in the
nook
eggs
many
largely forgotten,
that
were
never
twentyfold
instinct
the
hen
If it
there
agate
prop-
lives.
own
secluded
some
an
account
of
seems
So
man.
and
purpose.
command
gratify
state
would
hen
a
their
little brood.
the
from
of
In
her
It
an
common
bank
center
that
irresistible,
cost
hen
The
:She
the
the
to
perpetuated
to
as
of
they
when
large
them.
from
truth, that
of
down
and
be
is
well
as
reproduction, so
at
deal
a
hens
gives
it
a
has
between.
stained
It is
its kind.
earth"
replenish the
fun
get
that
extracted.
owner.
add
to
core
shall
observer
"
tooth
good
or
reproduce
to
the
fun
far
and
expelled
is
egg
shut
and
to
tematically
sys-
occasionally,but
passage
altogether different
Implanted
desire
their
a
few
the
tion
ques-
it, or
answer
agreeable operation.
the
is
cannot
hit
blood
that
tion
ques-
the
answer
condition
the
nest
ulcerated
there
can
strainingto discharge
a
realize
cheap
they lay
and
of
out
an
in which
are
hen
a
profitsof
the
to
eggs
that
"
altogether an
had
for
he
a
casual
most
of relief when
sense
.add
the
watched
ever
egg
a
be
amusement
own
for her
will
momentous
and
proceed intelligently
no
make
most
If he
Jf
is in
PRODUCTION.
is the
to
may
eggs
to
an
not
it,he
He
when
years
position
a
of
yield.
egg
This
production.
egg
EGG
poultryman.
is in
with
IN
all?
at
the
correctly he
never
VII.
of
ten
the
as
taken
domestic
her
knew,
of
this
she
may
tion
reproduc-
now
of
lays
ancestress
it is the
production possible.
year.
instinct
fowl
aboriginal
that
a
eggs
jungle, that
for this instinct
have
tion.
reproduc-
presence
;
47
CONDITIONS
What
they
the conditions
are
are
Maturity.
The
is greater
steadilydeclines
the
eggs
subsequent
does
.after her
should
is too
as
Darwin
have
with
often
the
the
for reproduction
state, and
fowl
a
maturity
to
the
upon
needs
will
than
feels
vital
desire
a
The
rest.
consideration, and
The
for
immediate
lay
in any
forces
as
incubate
to
broody hen
not
ruthlessly
effect of disease
reproduction.
the
labor
of
A
sick hen
is
plant must
a
in
individual
than
one
fed.
reproduction.
regular and
The
well
domesticated
our
searching for
animals.
be
animals,
copious supply
it,are
fertile
more
of food
amount
; thus
affects
sheep, which
lamb
He
to
a
on
birth, when
twins.
pastures, frequentlybear
As
and
moderate
"High feeding, care
in
induce
warmth
habit of profligacy which
becomes
some
a
tion,
Domesticameasure
hereditary." (Animals and Plants Under
vol. ii,chap, xvi.)
and
Sanitation.
Sanitation
profoundly affects vitality,
4.
without
sanitation the other conditions
cannot
produce their full
effect.
The
should
hen house
be kept perfectlyclean, the birds
free
from
supplied
parent
with
and
organism.
each
kind.
the
is, the
of male
by
should
not
everything necessary
In
that
"
together
remarked,
parasites; they
Sex.
5.
asexual
has
to
more
lowland
to
or
principalfactor
habituated
produce
down
bird
exception
an
been
never
Dixon
she
animal,
corresponding wild
of even
the same
fertility
Mr.
desire
is why
the bird
case.
the
brought
This
draws
the desire
hardly
long
mountains
The
of this intermediate
coming
why
great
The
without
food,
is
nutrition
"With
which
decay.
be in the intermediate
hen.
makes
says:
the
after
completed"
Nutrition.
3.
five,and
are
life.
weaken
to
laying
a
They
plant must
or
its end.
This
act.
treated
injury is
than
of her
and
beginning
first year
litter is
be
abused,
of
the
towards
year
other
no
not
at
growth
bird
Vitality. Reproduction
2.
or
reproduction?
animal,
between
state
more
of
REPRODUCTION.
follows:
as
1.
OF
distinct
form
very
to
be
comfort
lowest
forms
life is
produced
new
of
female, but by fission
But
all
male
is sexed
higher
and
animals
female
should
and
crowded,
and
health.
life
reproduction is
not
by
cleavage
and
plants
the
forms, and
of
coming
the
or
the greater its power
be
from
are
more
the
sented
reprepletely
com-
reproducing its
48
THE
The
been
SEX
importance
the
hens
that
has
fowl.
lay the
but
the
is
the
of
study
that
he
field
is in
the
The
reviving the
I
type.
is
about
birds
the
are
for
trap nest, and
have
her
bird
a
the
third
of
ivory
white
I could
than
and
so
not
laid
very
process
have
given
pushing
what
comes
eggs
satisfied.
a
year
allowed
the
used
the
smaller
that
is the
I
most
in
When
The
hen
After
her
keep
for
big
conditions
are
hens
apiece from
my
best
and
then
she
had
tab
egg
upon
tab
such
one-
; it
an
was
as
egg
days more
became
broody,
10
the
completed
much
had
time
her
with
I
again.
take
production,but
and
on
some
it about
right I get
layers
I did
From
larger end
was
the
use
keep
nest.
chicks, so
to
my
It
months
sit.
attempt
not
the
14
In
to
to
not
to
ring around
a
building
records.
me
trap
size.
weaned
and
I did
200
that
had
her
lost that
along.
individual
appeared.
eggs
been
up
egg
mistake.
well
incubation
of
type that
distinctlyfemale
most
give
of medium
and
foolishlyallowed
I
egg"
an
egg
the
male
is the
the egg
from
distance
in color
an
to
if I had
the ovaries
of these
300
that
able
not
am
that
once
peculiarityof
The
sex.
is
are
me.
accurately as
as
But
is.
there
not
or
believe
writers
Poultry
principlein mind I have succeeded
birds that are
splendid layers. I do
of
strain
a
on
female
the
birds!
this
By keeping
up
based
one
and
male
distinctly
there
think
to
productionI
egg
whether
to
yield
egg
BIRDS.
SEXED
best sexed
question as
biology
labor.
and
uniform
large and
that
be
subject of
the
uniform
and
large
a
BEST
THE
inclined
am
most
care
old
tainty;
cer-
it is 'here that
but
mastered
has
man
of cost
from the
mathematical
poultrymen;
a
the
Nutrition
been
obtain
to
of
secret
select
to
them.
almost
of
study
neglected. It may
knowledge of physiology and
when
never
ment
experi-
at
the
us
from
with
of most
case
FROM
great
being done
is
breed
to
has
sex
amount
this: Breed
be
of
lies,and
BREED
reproduction has
has, enabled
feed
can
we
condition
a
and
requiresa
sex
work
nest
trap
eggs,
study
the minimum
with
to
The
most
lacking in
richest
sex
Splendid
studied, until
been
in
element
sex
by independent investigatorsin
and
domestic
REPRODUCTION.
IN
of the
fully understood.
stations
the
ELEMENT
from
that
150
I
to
am
50
i
number
in the
short
be
under
such
kept
that
be
these
at
of the
and
what
once
all the
of sex,
problem
stages
field the
a
as
be varied
may
through
days, that the parent
'the investigator
may
21
conditions
conditions
followed
of
space
its
business
the
wish
development,
and
for
presents
takes
on
a
ize
real-
you
"
poultry business
and
may
will, that the embryo may
at
of
fowls
study
a
dignity
new
interest.
Some
The
point on
nutrition
insects
facts
bearing on sex have been gathered.
which
investigatorsare more
fullyagreed is that
a
sex.
profound influence upon
Beginning with
important
very
has
it has
found
been
entering the chrysalisstate
males, while
females.
others
With
of
the
the
starved
caterpillarsare
resultant
butterflies
brood
same
the
bees, too,
well
if
that
relation
moths
or
are
nourished
highly
nutrition
between
before
are
and
sex
established.
with
Experiments
equally
tadpoles,
which
were
suppliedwith a diet steadilyincreasingin sumptuousa steady and
corresponding increase in the number
ness, showed
of females
produced. The proportionof females to males, which
and
more
was
steadilyas the diet became
originally
57 to 43, rose
females
more
highly nutritious,until out of 100 tadpoles 92 were
and
8 males.
Coming up in the scale of life it has been found
mammals
that among
the same
principleholds, although of course
seems
influences
other
Another
is the time
in
come
feature
of
than
more
that is believed
The
impregnation.
should
The
Where
relative
atinglymale
letters
; and
with
reader
should
the
where
age,
the
when
ovum
sex
upon
ized
fertil-
that the
parents is believed
the ages
the
would-be
cockerels.
give it a
are
in my
pulletshatched
plant lice
fruit-trees,and
affect the
to
It is
easy
feature
a
that
is smaller
which
the
theory very
his yards."
in the
than
multiply so
like,and
to
be
cold
are
receive
from
to
test, and
with.
reckoned
the
months
rapidly upon
known
I find
eggs
it is later in the
which
way.
I sometimes
for
a
preponder-
is the other
held.
sex.
the mother
where
purchasers asking
yards
own
or
even,
preponderance
trial in
is also
Temperature
of
influence
an
fresher
theory quite generally
a
from
mated
noticed
have
parent is the older the offspringare
superior in
this is
that
of the
age
the male
is the
to
orders.
lower
offspringwill be a female.
laid at the beginning of a litter
conclusion
is correct
eggs
laid later.
hatch a larger proportion of pulletsthan eggs
the greater the likelihood
If this
the
among
to
the
I have
proportion
season.
the
hens
Take
rose-bushes,
science
as
51
aphides. "During
these
dant,
In
in
that
the
warmth
produce
in
famines
the
and
years,
In
there
One
birds
the
the
up
by
to
place their
I know
a
let
Now
:
the
number
who
mated
and
some
up
to
summer,
for
on
go
lowered
males.
of
and
constructive
of
element
the
to
to
the
rich
been
has
these
and
that
or
said
in the
pullets.
of
out
language of
food,
abnormal
we
for
an
production
of
may
also
include
low
perature,
tem-
obviously such
repair,
over
tend
conditions
is, make
in the
uncertainty
will get..
more
a
"
result
to
Similarly,the approved set
lightand
nutrition, abundant
result
males.
hens, and
118
is
females.
deficient
as
male
ensue
place
of
pulletsyou
a
; but
kept stirred
are
excess
an
more
roosters
were
processes,
conditions
these
hatch
to
tented,
con-
thing
frequently from
shifted
hens
that
and
Another
hens
by
found
frequent quarrels
Where
eral
sev-
mentioned
production of females
and
sure
two
found
happy
are
and the like, are
light,moisture
of waste
induce
a preponderance
of body"
abundant
the
or
all that
conditions
"Such
found
birds
of females
107
sum
me
production
favor
proved
was
I have
not
the
fear.
keep your
can
habit
katabolic
and
quite
are
hatched
tend
would
as
temperature
largely males.
of strangers
deficient
such
to
affinity. I have
is
be
likelyto
eggs
man
chickens
the
been
continued
I have
mated
well
not
presence
greater
another
it has
observations
right for
are
are
quieter you
135
the
and
these
disturbance
from
freedom
The
female
perfect affinityand
is
offspring are
The
of
that
of
conditions
the
the
fact
aphides enjoy perpetual
experiments
authorities.
where
this
stopped only when
own
my
where
as
of
where
things influencing sex
the
is abund-
diminished."
food
and
food
parthenogenetically nothing but
of later autumn
they give birth to
parthenogenetic successsion
four
when
summer,
striking confirmation
Conservatory
a
of
insects
females, while
males.
the
of
in
factors,
moisture,
anabolic
habit,
females. With
the influence
of
the period
physiologicalprime of either sex, and of
is tolerablysecure,
the general conclusion
But
of fertilization.
influences
inducing katdbotisnt
of sex
that in the determination
the age
and
(or waste)
of
tend
to
favoring anabolisrn
production of males, as those
the probability
(or repair)similarlyincrease
result in
the
of females."
This
is the
law
of sex,
so
far
as
it
can
be
stated
at
present.
CHAPTER
THE
Within
been
the
of
the
the
hand
one
they
they
It
friends.
has
those
who
The
of
that
breeds
popular
time
recent
be
It
wishes
that
the
the
poultryman
breeding
at
times
hens
as
round,
year
to
or
in certain
laying, and
are
their
fancier
The
breeding
layers.
the
also
He
offspring
will
of
The
trap
nest
and
then
by markings
eggs
it is easy
to
make
enable
have
may
in
on
tell them
good
him
a
most
ties.
varieif
only
the
one
from
these
how
possibility
box
nest
may
to
it may
the
used
be
doing
not
it
use
if all the
ascertain
are
hens
well
so
shapen
lay small, mis-
that
a
he
him
the
from
to
desires
pick
the
the
the
of unusual
hen
feet
of
use
select
to
pen
which
enable
that
and
the
necessary
to
of
supplement
to
; but
pens
ing
mat-
comparatively
trap
least
mals
ani-
eggs.
may
to
season,
hens
of
told
always
It is not
they ought,
poorly-colored
or
out
of
matter
a
breed
have
good advantage
weed
to
think
owners
I
at
it in all the
to
pens
ence
influ-
different
of
The
time
a
is
a
must
is
mistaken.
use
the
therefore, that
he
there
observation.
poultryman's personal
all the
individuals
strain
But
for
it,
who
careful
some
within
axiomatic,
pen
its
those
of
by
It
world
made
of
be
and
all breeders
to
preceding chapter
may
on
other
tried
been
is that
established.
been
out.
:
judicial
a
never
often
known
heavy-laying
picked
in the
used
have
the
on
it have
rests
poultry
almost
a
In
be
layers may
the
opinion
needs
transmitted, and
combination
seem
layers.
well
be
in
to-day
establish
of
cal
practi-
way.
permanently
that
the
would
to
heavy
of
by
fact
the
to
its enemies
too
invention
traits may
knowledge
common
the
a
both
it have
financial
a
It is
may
As
nest
ridiculed
have
which
desirable
strain
a
who
in
has
poultryman
nest.
trap
unfortunate
it in
heredity.
the
difference
The
advocated
principle on
of
trap
wide
a
condemned.
been
in
is
USES.
enthusiasticallyadvocated;
are
have
interested
are
of the
there
ITS
outfit
the
addition
of those
Many
AND
years
nests
scornfully
are
appraisal.
and
these
NEST
few
past
enlarged by
value
be
TRAP
VIII.
of
to
out
eggs
nest
of
the
beauty
eggs
hatched
in
the
individual
keep for his
chicks
rest.
trap
this
or
own
hen
from
lence,
exceluse.
lays,
these
S3
THE
There
are
nests, with
three
dollars.
plans
Through
of the
my
box
here
trap
many
these
readers
GOWELL
with
Maine
the
described
TRAP
nests
the
on
for their
their
nest
that is illustrated
words
own
"The
certain
cover;
The
construction,costs
G.
Experiment Station,I
plan
for
a
made
was
boxes
excellences
market.
the courtesy of Mr.
nest
by
avoid
here, and
Gowell
the
M.
right to
from
to
Gowell, agriculturist
charge.
after
use
one
able to
am
free of
a
present
The
careful
nest
study
Box.
the market, and
on
and
box
Mr.
Single Nest
of the various
NEST.
their
is intended
defects.
of
description
to
bine
com-
is the
This
it is in Mr.
box
Gowell's
:
nest
box
is very
in its action.
and
is
simple, inexpensive,easy
It is
a
box-like
twenty-eightinches
structure,
long, thirteen
to
attend,and
without
inches
end
wide
or
and
54
thirteen
with
inches
placed across
the box
from
Instead
of
the
close
a
inches
end.
door
at
The
the
inch and
half stuff is covered
The
is ten
door
does
and
fifteen
proper.
inch
one
and
is
of inch
inches
ten
of two
space
and
is the nest
nettingof
wide
a
end
lightframe
a
wire
board
in diameter
the back
entrance,
inches
division
inches
section
back
fillthe entire entrance,
not
from
with
one-half
and
one-half
and
twelve
front
A
measurements.
"
circular
a
inches
deep inside
opening seven
by
mesh.
and
high
half inches
a
being left at the bottom and one and a half inches at the top, with
If it filled the entire
side to avoid friction.
a good margin at each
It is hinged at the top and
it would
be clumsy in its action.
space
The
hinges are placed on the front of the
opens
up into the box.
rather
door
than,
the center
at
closingaction.
"The
trip consists
of
inch
an
of
piece of stiff wire
and eighteen and
one
in diameter
bent
long,
piece
is nailed
partitionand
the
box,
and
the
board
is
[fj
wire
1 jj*V
"***
\)
the
through
down
center
of the
Small
as
hold
to
"When
round
the
A
marked
The'
so
connection
hen
presses
with
down
section
of
trip wire
a
hard
the
the
wire
door.
in
wood
into
is driven
passes
half
through
to
one
The
inch
the
the
lower
door
the
of the
inch
six-inch
board
the
easily.
of
edge
cular
cir-
staplesare
into
tack
circular
side,and
slot, and
the
section
a
slipped
half
a
over
or
peg
and
in front
yet let it roll sidewise
is set, the
under
which
nearly
and
place
door
comes
head,
frame.
doing
it in
board
wire
driven
the
trip
inch
and
seven
of the
wire
the
close, to and
passed
in
the
quarter
of this
tripwire
section
of
inch
an
of the board
edge
across
opening.
so
of
the
placed
long part
the
top of
only to support
is
^
%
the
purpose
six-inch
box
of the
partition. The
The
place.
just
the
in front
below
the
A
and
across
inch
left between
being
inches
drawing.
of one-fourth
space
a
teenths
three-six-
wide
flatwise
one
plete
com-
one-half
reach
to
secure
about
six inches
of board
inside
to
in
shown
as
long enough
""
the better
back,
or
with
of
wire
the
a
large
the
opening
and
trip slipsfrom
promptly swings
door
down
in
its
and
55
itself in
fastens
a
edge strikingthe lightend of
latch or lever, pressing it down
and
it;
slippingover
immediately coming back into place and lockingthe door.
wooden
the lever
The
latch is five inches
and
is fastened
so
The
latch
It
door
the
pieces of
for the
to
bird
a
front
and
would
has
the
catch
to
noise
hens,
so
instead
at
the
thick,
to the side of the
when
it is closed.
door
of
before
the
arising from
nailed
belting were
box
with
laid and
remains
be
the door
half inch
a
closing
wooden
outside
it
stops
entrances
strike against.
double
when
she
rubber
door
"The
startle the
and
its center
justinside
that the
feared
was
might
old
is
end
wide
from
inch
quickly enough
acts
rebounds.
inch
long, one
looselyone
that the outer
box,
of
its lower
place by
there
likelyto
in
nest
crush
Nest
rear
to leave
desires
until
the
released.
the egg
Boxes
in
end
is necessary,
the nest, she
With
one
steps
section
by standing upon
Position.
it."
as
to
the
only,
CHAPTER
BREEDING
Most
some
wild
New
York
Central
of
type
old.
of
extinct.
a
shores
of
the
the
wild
to
be
through
identical
have
with
size and
the
the
bird
which
we
Bantam.
Even
form
in
has
that
have
of
fowls
have
production
by breeding
from
the
; in this
pigeon,
Europe
the
to
Islands,
Canary
fowls
prolificlayers.
importance
to
Indian
this bird
the
in
have
statelySpanish,
the
elegant Leghorn,
and
tive
diminu-
the
for
continued
selection,
differences.
differences
the
a
lay
brought
fowls
smaller
From
"
ning
run-
is believed
somewhat
the
bout
In
by improved
other
to
difference
jungle
of
vast
our
the
fowl
nutrition
feeding
subject
in
of
is
tic
domes-
increase
chapters I have
and
care
call attention
some
This
300.
over
of
while
and
plumage
is the
this wild
as
year,
2
in
by breeding
Bankiva,
to
bird
a
all domestic
Wyandotte
about
eggs
lift their
black-breasted
the
Asia,
to
go
find
shall
which
artificial
than
ten
been
I wish
rock
jungles, which
from
snowy
all these
to
sufficientlythe
and
become
Himalayas
we
domestic
and
known
has
thousands
have
must
we
the
lordly Brahma,
Callus
been
fowl
and
type
brought
six
of
jackals
the
the
horizontally.
our
created
production.
egg
forests
more
Rock,
been
called, lays from
egg
tail
remarkable
more
of
eastern
all familiar, albeit
Natural
years,
horse
tives
representa-
are
that
to
and
Here
sky.
parent
are
varieties
practicalPlymouth
many
the
Polish, the
crested
and
closely resembles
the
carrying
all the
come
with
back
where
India
dense
the
The
come.
Game,
into
up
wild
and
dogs
domestic
our
northern
far
wild
and
Hamburg
hundreds
wolves
Madeira
to
that
of
Japan.
of
prototype
crests
snowy
of
northern
Mediterranean,
especially to
must
of
primitive
be
ancestry
from
and
descendants
are
little brutes
that
their
range
India
the
species of
two
trace
vast
Abyssinia,
For
of
descendants
are
or
Pigeons
has
horse
Dogs
one
which
and
of
birds
YEAR.
A
zoological gardens
the
funny, big-headed
"
EGGS
and
living specimens
are
years
HUNDRED
animals
In
prototype.
some
perhaps
to
domestic
our
Asia
of
TWO
FOR
of
IX.
in
and
sized
emphaegg
duction
pro-
breeding.
58
and
summer
fear
winter,hot or cold, wet
to
they will lay themselves
making proposition for
win
cannot
the
at
FROM
MATURE
to
her, if
use
out
flock than
a
You
often
by
meant
from
the
that
the
75
to
100
male
the
a
in the
eggs
THE
MALE.
But
should
an
as
tenfold,is
a
poultry keeper
that
begin to
neighbor for
mix
to
look
of
some
his hands.
than
birds
There
is
thoroughbreds,and
as
much
as
side !
for
breed
It is
generations,
indiscriminately
haphazard methods
past, egg production has
such
the
to
of the male
the value
to
one
a
If he
he
gets
will
a
buy
entirelydifferent
popular
the method
possible.
part of the
the
on
fall he will have
result will be that the next
on
to
tendency
alike,ten
dollar
a
but
from
and
CROSSES.
his birds.
up
has been
increase?
the
nutrition
not
laid
lays from
hen
made
graphs
para-
state
yield.
the egg
strong
a
It is
few
wild
the male
on
tribute
remarkable
CONCERNING
will find
has
under
prevailedin
running
pen."
A
in her
improved
have
not
offspringwill come
is highly important
farmer's
What
fact that
of
way
bird.
good
a
The
agent in buildingup
You
it
case
all been
has
litter
one
it is better
is half the
average
said, from
with
cock
a
least
at
then
of the
the
time.
same
is in
surer
no
rooster
be
The
the selection
females.
they
birds.
blood
being
year.
I have
as
laid out
of the fact that the hen
eggs
keeping fowls
increased
as
immature
Such
spoke
if
even
to that
; next
is
practiceon the farm, and I doubt
keep the best male to breed from,
from
of
I
There
the
best
Even
from
cockerel
or
money-
good health
mating is a vigorous,
that
one
pen.
it said that "the
side.
cock
come,
selection.
to
hear
six to ten
It has
the
to breed
this that one-half
back
from
breeding
a
help it.
can
you
a
times
some-
BIRDS.
only bird fit to breed from is
and thoroughly mature.
Probably the
well-grown cockerel with year-oldhens
mature
pullets. A pulletshould have
is put into
customers,
my
The
she
are
I
shows.
big
BREED
before
that
lay so
They
"
death.
for
and
me
dry
or
belief
of
a
of
rooster
breed,
whole
that
of fowls
flock
a
average
and
a
the
poultry show
crosses
procedure is to
lay
mix
better
up
the
59
This
Some
whole
good
subjectof crossingneeds
from
come
crossing,or
must
Where
practiced.
the
invigorationthat
blood.
it is
the
is
The
cross-breed
of egg
introduction
the
of
it
"
the
farmer
when
you
the
better.
He
blood
does
It
The
breed
is converted
to
of
new
because
and
stand
farmer's
flock
his best. The
quently
Conse-
tendency.
belief in the
a
from
comes
more
from
this
versally
uni-
so
its mother
average
counteracts
be
introduction
assimilate
not
understood.
not
from?
come
and
eat
can
out.
new
it would
pulletlays better than
production
constantlyrunning
it
follows
always
largerand stronger
strain
does
be better
to
superiorityof
cross.
But
they
as
say
reversion.
beyond
the first cross
strike
another
you
"
The
mixing
characters.
ancestral
the
go
red
The
tendency
bloods
there
the
"
tendency to
bringing out
in
far
is not
criss-cross,
you
results
criss-cross
and
jungle fowl,
of
up
when
"
from
removed
inevitablycomes
in egg
drop
a
production.
All
the
secured
by
the
the
as
years.
Suppose
mating
will
Next
find
you
him
to
male
matings
for
that is
without
necessity to
first and
eggs
resort
not
promote
where
the
than
is
his
own
three
the caloric,where
so
cold
first
take the
the
with
along
two
If
pen.
years.
have
a
chart
of
impossible
competition
It is
has
of this book
no
is, if he is after
that
TO
HOW
AND
things are
in the
that
the fowls
all the
are
the
food
THEM.
GET
necessary
breeding
vitality. Where
maximum
is
"
The
breeding
in the hottest
procedure
in two
once
entirely unrelated.
follow
reader
It
pure.
get, and
every
of
frills.
and
conditions
The
house
yards
the
But
such
any
feathers
get fertile eggs
comfort.
to
to
EGGS
FERTILE
To
like
that will win
birds
breeding.
in
in and
his
from
he
in the other
you
kept
be
can
male
a
this fall.
cockerel
pulletsof
that
be
may
fancy points breed in and in, and
intricate as a bicycle road map.
as
show
produce
to
a
from
oftener
which
the hens
of birds
breeder, getting a
Breeders
with
the best
with
mate
to
for
away
blood
new
blood
new
birds
with
strain
a
send
of
the breed
and
own,
crossing
from
come
infusion
introduce
you
be
fall mate
best cockerel
your
to
necessary
that
results
occasional
breed
same
is not
valuable
"
pen
ity,
maturity, vitalmust
male
eaten
alive with vermin
is
goes
or
be such
as
immature,
to
rotten
tain
mainwith
60
will
disease,the fertility
So
the
does
be low.
tends
Inbreeding also
lack of exercise
and
overfat
condition
tility.
to infer-
of fowls
in
breeding pen.
Doubtless
element
every
infertile
needed
that
week
food
valuable
Where
hard
the
for
them
I
fed
fine and
wanted
are
production. My
the first year.
and
the hen
the best
reserve
method
own
kinds
promote
sexual
twice
a
is also
a
mash
Clover
pushed too
push my pullets
be
not
is to
breed
layers to
some
in the
must
will be
egg
are
during the breeding season.
fertility.
fertile eggs
for egg
There
genital organs
chopped
Unless
fertility.
is present, the
embryo
will die in the shell.
onions
excellent
are
for the
stimulate
activity. Raw
effect upon
important
an
the chick
or
food
of
diet has
and
from,
do not
They
things easy.
have made
When
the breeding
their record and deserve
rest.
a
comes
season
they are in prime condition,and lay large, highly
colored eggs which
hatch hardy chicks.
ing
It pays to alternate males where
is desired,allowhigh fertility
in active service and
three males
for two
pens, keeping two
push
the third
male
one
males
are
Many
the second
shut
with
runs
poor
results
their
eggs
several
them
that
when
all
an
hatch
times
and
day.
a
frozen
be
must
egg
is that
put under
kept
in
a
a
EGGS
The
incubator
result
is
so
books
The
is
low
hard
hen.
farmers
reason
careful
not
are
properly cared
not
are
to
get
gather
of from
should
60
moved
be
degrees.
in
the
of temperature
extremes
as
WINTER.
IN
FERTILE
to
40
acquaintancebuys an
The
and starts in to raise broilers for the citymarket.
inevitablydisappointment. The percentage of fertility
winter
every
and
show
reason
where
opinion is common
among
enough to crack the shell
Eggs should be gathered
temperature
NOT
ARE
neglected;but
One
they
they
shipping eggs to customers
middle
of the day and protectedfrom
much
as
possible.
Almost
are
they
In
WHY
where
be served.
because
in winter
it is unfit to
warm
hens
some
favorites,and
their
have
likelyto
are
take
but little to kill the germ.
such
before
flock
fail to
eggs
Cocks
rest.
a
alternated
It takes
for.
to
up
let them
year ; but
the
a
the
of my
person
the
mortality among
loss instead
why
"The
some
of
a
is so
fertility
chicks
profitat
low
testicles of birds vary
the
so
end
in winter
greatlyin
great, that the
of
the
season.
logical.
purely physiosize according to
is
61
the
of
season
they
are
five
in
reached."
blood
To
be warm,
or
the
times- the
with
weight during winter, the
and
each
him
the
get fertile eggs
be
must
eggs
height
in
imported
ARTIFICIAL
AND
layers in the fall.
of
chicks
is
specializationshould
not
no
must
NATURAL.
conducted
There
house
the South.
X.
poultrybusiness is now
poultryman to get out enough
great law
from
tended
dis-
are
activityis
winter,therefore,the
the
with
vessels
functional
of
CHAPTER
INCUBATION"
As
In winter
they are observed.
a comparativelyinsignificant
blood supply
breeding season
comes
on, they enlarge
with
spring,as
ten
or
in which
year
small
very
; but
to
the
it is the
in the
spring
to
supply
however, why the
reason,
obtain
practicefor
in the
poultry
ness
busi-
in
nearly every other, and why in the future we should not
entire plants devoted
stock and
have
the rearing of young
to
At presother plants devoted
wholly to the production of eggs.
ent,
how
to
for the poultryman to know
however, it is necessary
as
raise his
It is
chicks, if he wishes
own
a
rule
good
of the
300
him
are
get
put
cull
out
likelyto
females.
and
poultry farm
pullets. Suppose
on
a
laying stock
head of laying stock always
to
be
The
accident.
out
males
poultryman
of the way.
The
lucky
if he
man
has
200
gets
standard
USE
Pullets
when
to
they
are
to
have
then
a
hand,
"
Of
the
count
watch
keep
it will be necessary
for
he
that
out
600
bred
LEG
pulletsin
the
30$
disease
better
off
and
carefully
in
down
in the
by
are
his flock
principleslaid
but
will have
deaths
ones
(or 300)
one-half
some
the
chicks
intends
to
start
on
least two-thirds
at
man
these
weak
some
he should
Then
who
at
must
will be
closely,according
VII.
that
; so
There
on
chicks.
least 600
at
succeed.
to
spring
Chapter
will be
fall.
BANDS.
put in the layingpens
should
with
be marked
numbers
bands
;
to use
It is not necessary
leg bands.
mark
to
plainbands are just as good. It is my personalpractice
be divided by two)
that can
in the even
birds hatched
years (years
with
62
with
band
a
odd
the
on
right leg;
(years that cannot
leftleg. In this way I
old
bird
a
is,and
INCUBATOR
Sooner
which
him
this
to
an
an
be
to
illafford.
are
subject to
There
equal
the
this matter,
both
on
Chickens
fewer
is
diseases
mother
no
Some
old hen.
an
country
heris
use
for
on
favor
It costs
at
hens
of
the
$25
have
is
natural
install
to
that many
expense
stamina
more
brooded
of young
of the most
help
to
now
least
an
with
question
others, there
In
brood
a
in most
chickens
than
the
purpose
this is
by
band
year-old hen.
face
as
sides.
brooded
a
glance just how
a
a
it is my
fpr artificial incubation,and
can
way.
said
and
with
in the
WHICH?
must
is firstof all economy.
there
outfit
headed,
In
answer.
something
method
is
paragraph
tell at
HEN,
poultryman
hatched
are
by two)
pulletand
a
OR
later the
or
that
always
can
confuse
never
birds
be divided
years
the
and
and
in any
chickens
other
that
can
in
progressive poultrymen
exclusively,
settinghundreds
of them
at
a
time.
The
disadvantageof
under
or
may
and
not
may
method
no
does
one's
not
chickens
her
chickens
at
feet.
a
At
time.
to
a
to make
sit when
hen
a
largest profitsin
the
she
poultry,
kept growing from the day
always possibleto have a supply of
the
best
After
to
the
of
eggs
she
can
the
while
a
is liable to
amount
no
she crushes
come
pletely
com-
qualitiesa hen
full-grown,large-sizedwill;
sittinghen
is done, and
certain
almost
The
Sometimes
clumsy
never
early and
It is not
hand.
task
her to return.
her
shell.
is that it is
mental
discovered
realize
hatched
be
they leave the
sittinghens on
before
To
has
she
possess,
to.
must
Whatever
control.
has yet been
want
method
the natural
leave
her
nest
persuasionwill
induce
chicks
under
or
young
bring out but a few
up-to-datepoultryman is
conclusion
that
he
have
must
an
incubator.
The
advantage
under
time.
The
chance
is
best
than
The
control.
machines
trouble
require much
chickens
is greater.
incubator
The
are
comes
more
brooded
Especiallyamong
"slaughterof
the innocents"
is that
artificial method
so
eliminated,
practically
incubated.
chickens
one's
of the
in
under
fertile
every
and
hens.
are
more
The
per
beginners there
that is frightful.
at any
element
egg
chickens.
rearingthe
attention
the
pletely
com-
so
be started
may
adjusted that
and
it is
may
of
be
Brooder
subjectto
ease
dis-
of
loss
cent,
is sometimes
a
63
To
sum
up
quantitiesand
get
If
:
has the time to
incubator.
an
earlychickens
wants
one
GET
give to them,
Otherwise
A
GOOD
he
would
and
them
wants
he should
by
in
all means
best stick to the hen.
INCUBATOR
OR
NONE.
^
In
purchasing
A
cheapest.
oftener
incubator.
and
to
pull out
But
a
a
so
at
that
they
young
work
from
plans that
The
or
that
somewhere
while
and
leap upward,
he
it ought to be.
church,
at
was
when
where
near
he returned
hatches
at
his chickens
least
a
the
operator
and
know
how
to
by the
the
work
it is to be
at
design for
be
two
natural
feet
18 inches
is shown
hen
180 chickens
Some
of valuable
should
on
with
the
now
bought
in order
eggs,
familiar
be
time
that
machine
feet
call
may
a
be
natural
greatlyreduced
hen
incubator,
here.
Natural
incubator
deep, two
wide.
I may
of what
which
the thermometer
noon
INCUBATOR.
HEN
A
This
started
caring for sittinghens
construction
ture
tempera-
right.
NATURAL
of
the
in incubators, and
incubator
thoroughly
it
run
An
hens.
become
may
A
The
with
before
month
lost confidence
has
man
he found
during the day
three times a night to trim the lamp or
the surplus heat might escape,
he was
Sunday,
young
of the
intervals
at
degrees. As a consequence
prematurelyroasted,and nearlythree weeks
lost.
is the
Beware
registered120
were
best
but
satisfactorily,
than ordinary
more
of
man
machine
the
price.
any
incubator
an
the temperature
warm
took
two
plugs
keep
one
I know
constructed
by getting up
able to
is dear
the
By visiting
paper.
a
remember
Sometimes
they do not.
ingenuitywho
in
machine
poor
home-made
incubator
an
Incubator.
Hen
may
be of any
high, and
prefera
door
length;
but should
divided into compartments
to
each
compartment,
but
I
64
find
it
that
one
convenient
more
enclose
may
hinged
at the
in the cut;
back,
but
with
covered
do
can
If
ordinarilyit
if
hen
a
Each
wishes
latched
except in the
off,fed and
according
the hens
the
to
and
hen
a
While
it is true
so
be
shown
in front
should
As
may
soon
is
be in two
temporarily she
when
Nature
hot
weather.
she
has
become
The
be
for
should
soon
as
a
encouraged.
prepared
for
china
it dark.
let out
entrust
her
an
hen
shows
symptoms
She
should
be
in
her
and
eggs,
The
form
next
for
food
a
taken
that
be covered
morning
and
with real eggs.
the
water.
%
bag
are
mer?
sum-
by
Because
can
we
so
kept
for
should
be
goes
are
fed
she
should
placed in
nest
to
be
nest
a
should
removed
back
food.
their
burlap bag
a
sitters
closelyand
This
with
active
that
of hens
night and
If she
in
not
are
of broodiness
at
state
a
if
important part of
dark, quiet place.
should
In
that
they
radicallydifferent from the treatment
layers. They should be confined more
differently.Corn
incubation
incubation.
hasten
of hens
treatment
aged.
encour-
litter out.
It is evident
make
stimulated
been
has
laid her
has
be
Why
summer.
sitters,because
the best
ones.
In
early.
to
result.
desired
the
can
we
discovered
philosophy of
the
sit?
hatched
be
instinct may
the
that
about
she
conditions
which
for her.
ready
may
yet been
has
sluggish.
fat and
make
hens
young
should
Because
these
chicks
the
hen
the
difference
no
As
back.
it is
by the natural method
sittinghens on hand in March,
true
bring
minutes,
20
driven
taken
on
reproductiveinstinct
the
the
Old
to
be
kept
hens
to
10
be
HEN.
understand
we
does
Because
reproduce
is also
the
utilize
to
should
opened,
In from
will find eggs
of
that
time
one
door
it makes
method
no
work
to
go
as
it is
SITTING
order
that
The
time
She
supply
a
at
set
should
is carried
will,it
sit at
hen
hen
door
nest
hens
same
enters.
incubation
be
when
the
weather,
important to have
April and May, in
As
top should
desired,as
The
her
left to dust.
all set at the
are
Where
kept
leave
door.
a
morning
THE
as
down.
should
behind
watered
compartment
of
if
compartment
to
hens
possible,enough
compartments
we
is shut
longer,
The
so.
all the
a
somewhat
be lifted up
can
wire.
doors
of divisions.
that it
so
the
number
a
chicken
divisions,so
have
to
tain
con-
make
and
the
it is safe to
CHAPTER
CHICKS
Poultry keeping
more
in
pride
with
at
the
have
and
in
out
my
for
the
get
knack
a
them
keep
often
I take
only
as
same
too
principles
how
I get such
just
first,but
well
they
chicks
keep
as
you
chicks
of
Installed
an
of
neighborhood
under
hens
admirer
her
an
and
conduct
as
exalted
The
brooding
a
opinion
best
hen
mother
in
brooder,
and
costing
chicks,
one
built
not
generally satisfactory,as
for
in
200
it when
eggs
the
or
a
so
left
are
ages
ones
younger
only
out
as
flocks,
small
other
any
to
as
as
am
but
man,
such
not
out
gets
I
be
may
hatching
"
brooders.
in
brooder
a
who
man
spring
every
as
do
not
in the
them
all
great
an
I confess
impress
that
with
me
mentality.
TOO
enough
I know
is often
of her
employed
is not
them
do
at
BROODER?
A
chicks
1,000
bator
incu-
chicks
the
into
them
are
themselves.
INSTALL
American
of the
divide
by
age
the
get
the
gether
alto-
out
fill up
the
for
of
eggs
and
fine birds
want
I select
when
different
of
after
chicks
for
room
house"
for,
good advantage.
to
chicks
If you
incubator
of
to
or
crowded
are
"rough
same
broody
plenty
when
room
chicks
keep
temptation
a
is
they
NOT
where
that
older
have
the
is
VII.
Chapter
my
me
I want
simple.
I
and
who
for
what
poultry keeper gets
is
much
on
is very
for
There
stunted.
WHY
Even
hen
growth
a
room
in
is
not
those
chicks
I select
down
reason
There
Then
is too
become
they
and
grow
laid
I do
to
eggs
but
personal
pay.
hatch
Then
average
every
more.
together, there
many
set
to
they ought.
as
and
The
chicks.
once
as
The
I have
as
supply
weaned.
hands.
my
of
matter
a
let them
the
many
well
hatching
but
and
are
livelihood,
poultry keeping
with
together.
age
It is
chicks,
business
chicks
many
make
to
of
means
a
they
into
CARE.
recreation.
a
own
wonder
them
me
until
accordance
People
of
THEIR
with
however,
me,
present
AND
is not
nature
XL
about
my
$12, just
thereabouts.
as
the
The
it is difficult
temperature
is
opinion,
ranges
best
incubator
is
brooder
is
out-door
to
keep
low.
for
built
one
chicks
The
warm
brooder
UNIVERSITY
should
be
house
brooder
described
Be
in
brooder
a
set the brooder
house
a
will
now
hours
chicks
the
And
I
from
be
your
purpose.
warm
but
have
to
brought to
from
does
not
pen
to
or
a
the
transfer
be
it
or
part of it for
if you
nate
fortu-
are
is used
as
woolen
old
this
Over
warmed.
lay
when
the chickens
over
of
tance
dis-
some
be cold
piece of
a
the
ways
basket, such
with
and
hen
some
may
food
"
there
than
the
place them
of
when
has
to
been
man
one
other hens
has
few
been
if you
as
take the chicks
you
away
expressedit to me,
the hen
But, fortunately,
Place
forgets.
soon
periodof incubation, and in a
singingas merrilyas of yore.
will feel
sensibilitiesyou
in the face."
she
its
place it
lice,and
in the hover, which
will feel,as
are
anoint
degrees.
100
manstealer
she
hen
is full take the chicks
the basket
When
hen
a
under
from
vaseline, to kill head
or
You
long
where
varied
"
you,
shallow
a
out
of tender
man
look
suffer
with
the
the nest.
warmest
blanket,to put
temperature
a
the
bottom
is taken
their mother.
mean
more
are
"
into
while
mother
it may
day
wife
your
Take
and
kidnapper
"too
sunny
house
a
business
your
may
in the basket.
chicken
brooder
brooder, which
choose
times
in
the
the nest.
his entrance
shell from
previously been
lightlywith lard
quicklyin the basket.
a
in
pleted,
com-
the shell,and
the
up
is
from
three
whole
line the
has
pkced
If you
it,
on
60 chicks
incubation
important and
can
one.
of
broke
or
egg
choose
piece of warmed
each
period
the
to
take
head
were
broken
of
you
Better
blanket, which
the
house
BROODER.
gently lifted
cannot
marketing, and
As
the
most
the nest
"
enough
TO
that two
the
You
may
they are
better
no
shine
than
more
hardy pioneer made
assume
comes
away.
another
put
ready to be removed
are
hatching you
fragments of
now
the chicks
for
will not
sun
at least since the last chick
disagreeablepart
most
do not
that
assume
since the first
were
removed
is
colony community
the
CHICKS
sinful world.
our
where
; and
that the chicks
It is 24 hours
48
the
there
brooder.
and
be
than
and
II.
REMOVING
We
house,
opinion
my
Chapter
to
sure
loo-chick
a
in
it in
installing
in
in
placed
and
a
her
a
bright,
male, supply her with
accustomed
days
in
she will be
during the
scratchingand
to
68
SECRETS
TWO
The
two
great
heat
proper
overhead,
air.
the temperature
gradually lowered,
degrees if the weather
For
the
as
is
and
be
should
until
hot
great deal
a
it
of
of his
three
or
then
degrees ;
grow,
are
from
come
the first two
be 95
chicks
chicks
the temperature
"
should
FEEDING.
should
needs
place
warm
in the brooder
be
chick
degrees.
103
heat
method,
young
a
AND
raisingbrooder
The
natural
the
from
body being
in
success
most
that
come
HEAT
feeding.
this is the
has
mother's
of
proper
in mind
He
SUCCESS"
secrets
and
as
Bear
heat.
OF
days
it may
drops
to
80
and
pleasant. "The best rule to
follow is to observe
If they arrange
the chicks.
selves
themat the edge of the brooder, and
separate, by spreading out,
the heat will be just what
they desire. If too cool they will come
closelytogether and cro\vd.
Many operators have left their
chicks apparently contented
at night,only to find in the morning
warm
.
of them
some
dead
and
the chicks
more
warmth,
to
be
under
the
brooder,
this, too, when
lowered
heat
the
because
themselves
trampled among
and
.
.
effort to
in the
secure
seemed
(to the operator) there
sufficient."
OF
CARE
The
brooder
of the
is to be the home
least six weeks
brooder
BROODER.
THE
old.
house
It is
until
idea
good
a
and
August,
then
chicks
the
on
they
the brooder
keep
to
until
cold, wet
at
are
in the
days
which
give the chicks a little heat. The
floor of the brooder
should
be kept sprinkled with
sand, and
house
floor of the brooder
should
be cleaned
every morning. The
sometimes
we
should
also
should
be
have
be
kept
opened
to
get the chicks
to
spend
The
for
They
there, but
be
in
a
placed
outside
should
be
the
week
day.
There
windows
the
is
it is better
no
hurry
for them
with
chicks
the
their first feeds
brooder,
the
feed
but
close
get far away.
cannot
in the brooder
tray and
to
watered
and
fountain
Grit
it.
of boards
fence
low
a
of
may
some
be
kind
supplied.
method
or
and
; indeed
enclosed
that
so
sunny
sand,
of their lives indoors.
little while
TO
HOW
My
be
clean
ground
weeks
days,
given
and
the
on
should
first few
with
warm
every
the first four
should
summer
covered
out
brooder
the
in
ten
of
days
FEED
feeding brooder
I feed
rolled
CHICKS.
BROODER
chicks
oats
and
is
as
follows
:
The
first
nothing else, just the
"
69
kind
same
of rolled oats
I feed them
dry.
and
brush
the
out
the foundation
of
in the first few
feed
I do and
as
else and
variety.
parts
corn
and
of its
have
the chicks
decrease
chicks
are
or
feed
small
a
quantity of
old
month
growth
it is
cheaper
in the
thrive than
corn
end
feed
to
thing
some-
this in
and
weaned
to
from
day
so
that
when
day
to
the
the rolled oats
from
them
two
the rolled
place of
corn
oats,
little
a
part wheat
one
"
wheat
rolled
I have
to
is laid
introduce
begin to
quantityof
quantity of
the
I believe
future
I
days
cracked
seem
die.
and
ten
; but
the
dish,
It may
pound
a
keep
I take
and
live and
week
the
a
life,and
of
I increase
oats.
constitution
and
broom.
at five cents
weeks
wheat
whisk
a
stunted
and
"
with
them
I take
and
the hens'
chick's
a
for the purpose,
oats
have
the end
At
I feed them
two
troughs
a
table.
own
my
Every day or
remaining in them into
feed rolled oats
to
extravagant,
on
all the time.
empty the
and
troughs
use
in littletroughs made
the chicks
before
oats
that I
When
feeding them on whole wheat and cracked corn.
the chicks are
ten
days old I begin to give them green food, a
from
little at first,
but increasingin amount
day to day. I feed
ing
if I can
onion tops, cabbage chopped fine,clover tips,
or
get nothin small
I give meat
and cut in two.
better a potato baked
and
am
"
quantitiestwo
I put
water
meat
times
piece of cheap
a
adhering,and
keep
liquid and
take
off the
pour
three
or
Into
week.
a
meat
or
until well
it there
the
and
meat
ble
considera-
cooked.
Then
grind up the bone in my bone cutter, and throw
chicks.
They eat it greedily. I put a little salt in
need
certain
a
I feed
I
two
feed
out"
I
themselves
when
cool
fresh
keep
charcoal
and
much
of
food
keep
Writes
C.
they
before
"
will.
before
water
them
I
them
to
add
from
a
chicks
the
that I
ered
"feath-
are
help
careful
am
to
first,a'nd also
very
grit.
WHAT
A.
Stone
in the
Poultry
incubator
about
heat
in
the
"I
Standard:
through hatching,and meanwhile
practically
chicks
THINKS.
MAN
ANOTHER
hours
the
and
mash,
warm
time, lettingthem
all the
ought
out," when
"feathered
are
24
leave
so
chicks
I think
because
I do my hens,
day. Until my
as
grain a
CHICKS"
BROODER
chicks
until the
them
feeds
three
or
the water
of salt.
amount
in this way
begin to
little to the
a
or
I
bits,
it into fine
chop
that it will get into the fibres of the meat,
boiling
with
bone
soup
a
kettle of
a
after
a
generally
they
brooder
to
are
95
70
degrees for
front
"
water
two
with
60
or
fine
chicks.
grit, and
Cyphers
screeningsor
they will eat eat
At
first I
then
Chick
Food
bread
them
give
However,
for their first
feed in
littlelitter,
and
a
make
will kill young
all the
"
after the first two
them
the
strew
and give them
justwhat
up clean
I generally feed about five times a day
they want.
three days, and graduallydrop off to three feeds
or
weeks.
the
wheat
or
50
every
of the brooder
crumbs
feed
about
the first
three
at
days I scatter their
for it. Nothing under
and letthem
ting
stuffing
three
or
hustle
chicks
quicker than
them
stand around.
I also give them
food of some
green
three days a mash
sort and
or
containing8 per cent, or
every two
of meat
meal.
But above
ling.
cent,
all things keep them hust10 per
sun
''After the first two
I aim
to
half and
I
mean
I
days
drop
the temperature
to 90
degrees.
degrees in the first week and a
I can
As near
to 70 degrees in eightor ten days more.
as
about one
to drop the temperature
degree a day until 70
get the heat down
80
to
is reached.
"For
maintain
mostly,and while we
uniform
heat,by close watching we can keep a
temperature, as my experienceis that after a
a
even
has
been
chilled
gettingthem
learn to
on
a
chick
outdoor
use
or
brooders
heated
over
the
in and
run
frequentlyam
But
I
myself
ground
of the
out
obliged to
will stand
a
as
warm
shovel
it is poor
soon
the
out
lot of cold if he
of the
keeps on
chick
brooder
the
in
chicks
part of the brooder, and
snow
paratively
com-
I believe
property.
possibleafter
as
not
can-
very
runs.
Of
move.
be watched
they must
closelyin cold weather and if they
show
signs of huddling shut, in until thoroughly warmed.
of my best flocks have been raised on wheat
"Some
screenings
of the prepared
with some
alone, but I have had good success
in
of year
chick foods.
We
be governed by the season
must
moving to the cool brooder, as earlychicks must be suppliedwith
heat a long time; but along the latter part of April I get them
course
hardened
they
are
to
go
practically
past
lice and
given
WHEN
CHICKS
There
without
are
proper
many
care
ARE
who
by hens, and to them I
of my
good friend, Mr.
heat
the
in about
weeks.
three
danger point,and
will live and
RAISED
IN
if
At
kept
this age
free from
thrive/'
THE
GOOD
OLD
WAY.
prefer the "good old way" of brooding
the pen
the following from
recommend
A.
F.
Hunter:
"For
the
first 24
hours
71
after
not
has
hatchingchicks do
justbeen taken into
the abdomen
and
then
has
'justbeen
the chick
too
have
a
"The
first food
johnnycake.
grit.
The
rolled
oats,
food
little well
liberal
To
for
cooked
meat
supply of
fresh
should
have
week.
For
other
little cracked
"From
corn
hot, and
weather
comes
exercise
on
be
and
busy, happy
must
plenty of
snch
exercise
to
often,to give
coops
TO
WHEN
Chicks
chicks
of the
who
want
out
chicks
September.
a
hen
fresh
breeds
May,
she
taking
season
wants
other
When
Earth.'
Keep
them
If you
overfeed.
to
give them
to
care
egg
in
hatched
chicks
of the
year
production. Poultrykeep ting
getin again in
well to
will do
;" and
the
who
man
will find that chicks
will not
hatched
months
before
March,
terranean
of the Medi-
to
of them
of
CHICKS.
April, and
set
warm
and
be
round
is
sun
freedom
come
that had
not
time
has
hatched
in amiss.
White
breeds
the
case
Change the location
ground to run on."
for winter
tew
a
for
sand
June and then start
Josh Billingsquaintlysays that "the best
March
from
and
plenty of
not
should
in
the
good digestion.
weather.
THE
breeds
clover and
large enough
grow.
them
old
nights in
Wyandotte pulletsof my strain,hatched
pen were
begin laying in January, when in the same
known
to
any
and
a
water,
pure
oats, wheat
shelter in
Mother
coops
all the year
eggs
iz when
facilities for
almost
in
week, and
a
six
cut
or
careful
HATCH
Asiatic
of the American
breeds
men
the
make
up,
room
get
A
crumbs.
be six weeks
to
is essential to
of 'Old
egg,
always.
provide a
Be
hungry.
them
coop
bosom
times
hulled
have
in; exercise
the green
cracker
or
protectionin stormy
have
that they can
sure
for
boiled
sprinklingof chicken
should
be johnnycake,
supper
litter of chaff
quarters, and
sunny
hard
a
three
food
green
a
and
add
for
they should
fresh
scratch
to
them
too
food
"
the
bread
mash
off let
(not too cold);
digestiveorgans of the
the chicks
When
its seldom
on
conies
food, grit,charcoal, and
green
cooked
a
the hatch
weeks
and
the fact that he
to
is started
crumbs
first few
fullydigested;
fresh water
finelyminced
the first have
chicks
Give
set
of pure
oatmeal,
they
the
When
pint of food
the
essential to health.
are
life.
be bread
each
coarse
been
get accustomed
drink
should
portion of yolk that
has not
invigoratesthem and helps clear
from
digestedyolk.
waste
the
food, as
before his little crop
borned'
the littlefellows
or
should
journey through
empty
this
need
in
tew
the
at
I have
August,
pulletsof
begun to lay.
CHAPTER
SOME
OF
There
THE
fowls
this
is
subject
give
shall
HOW
TO
beginnings
health
and
is alert
their
THE
Certain
manifest
diseases
birds
this
of
the
on
labored,
is
is
bird
tipped
is in
with
the
perfect
there
is
the
of
bird
and
odor,
health
that
needs
disease
at
can
of the
be
be
advise
hospital, to
case
of
a
which
all
roup
detected
contagious
disease
to
may
this
the
is
If the
a
is
thing
some-
The
hen.
Where
in color,
green
it is
is soft
light
examination
4.
the
Odor.
by
in
green
passing through
grit.
is
breathing
excrement
If upon
by
gested,
undiSome
sive
offen-
an
smell.
the
BIRDS.
SICK
fowls
of
accompanied
are
"
poultrymen
all sick
health
with
detect
to
Excrement.
3.
trouble.
supplied
and
snoring sound,
Where
food
tion.
Respira-
roost.
to
if the
time,
or
in
bright
eye
time
is dark
disturbed.
fowl
2.
best
Where
moist.
discover
may
red,
gone
excrement
serious
once
and
"
generally dumpish,
The
to
considerable
to
this
respiratory organs
time
SEGREGATE
I would
the
attention.
the
especially
"
is
have
index
digestion is
shows
so
SICKNESS.
A
comb
fowl
birds
from
needs
of
In
appearance.
smooth,
affect
the
somewhat
danger
are
ailments
poultryman
rattling,bubbling
a
diseases
OF
breathing.
pretty good
a
the
excrement
kinds
in
and
white,
watery
color
is
these
if
But
beings.
purple, appetite poor.
disease
sneeze
wrong
excrement
and
roost
try
poul-
domestic
our
common
the
sick
or
is after
sort
if there
A
of
themselves
the
consideration.
General
i.
pale
kinds
of
more
active, plumage
comb
rough,
human
as
into
which
sickness,
and
give
that
BEGINNINGS
by
ways
of
it said
many
the
need
treatment.
clear, appetite good.
plumage
the
for
four
are
heard
taken
only
DISCOVER
There
the
be
that
diseases
greatly doubt)
not
DISEASES.
POULTRY
diseases
many
mention
rules
some
few
I have
as
need
they
I
chapter
to
I
(which
so
that
rare
alarm.
much
are
COMMON
comparatively
are
keeper
MORE
XII.
fit up
at
once
a
small
be
building
removed.
especially important,
for
a
In
the
for
the
74
DIARRHOEA
Feathering out
corresponding to
tax
the
upon
be
must
It is
the
even
the
When
ordinary
be
life of
the
child.
a
must
There
is
demands
covered
with
careless
poultryman
lazy poultryman
or
like
away
double
a
growth
feathers.
must
expect
must
not
before
snow
chick,
a
of
careful
most
his flock melt
see
springtime.
the
littlebody
the
when
surprised to
trying period in
very
chick's system:
and
fatalities,
some
a
ENTERITIS.
teethingin the life of
met, and
time
a
is
OR
the
be
in
sun
the
poultryman goes to feed his chicks he
notices one
in a listless,
or
two, perhaps more,
standing around
dejectedway, wings drooping or outspread, with possiblya white
threadlike substance which
has
from
the
bowels
just exuded
throw
the vent.
The chick may
clingingto the fluff around
up
its head
and
is
system
Diarrhoea
It is
deranged,
few
and
it is
The
poultryman
about
is, and
what
sufferingfrom
in
cholera
makes
what
strive to meet
Nor
add
cases
critical
a
he let them
the
become
all
house
one
drams
two
or
In very
by pain,
opium
serious
fever
and
of
or
two
period
chilled
and
sulphateof
brooders
get
dry
iron to
should
are
lows
fol-
as
little cinnamon,
bran."
a
be
air-slacked
mild
In
pint of
the diarrhoea
where
cases
or
precautions,chicken
and
milk
drink, boiled
to
to
attempt
it.
If, in spite of
its appearance,
water
water.
as
Especiallyshould he be
chicks,making no sudden changes
should
shower.
a
his
what
to
thoroughly cleaned, all drinking vessels scalded, and
lime sprinkled lightlyabout.
Some
good remedies
rice upon
which
has been sprinkleda
: "Boiled
lime
digestive
is known
than
disease
realize
should
he feeds
in their bill of fare.
drenched
Its
it will be dead.
hours
better,far better,to avoid this
featheringout
careful
a
Enteritis.
or
it.
cure
In
gape.
ing
drink-
is accompanied
bloody discharges,give 1-8 grain
grains subnitrate of bismuth
every
dered
pow-
four
hours.
COLDS
Fowls
are
that
working
would
be
so
a
man
built that
in winter
the
the hardest.
were
The
the
shines
the interior is often
temperature
The
sun
conditions
obligedto
wear
is
is, I
reason
subjected to great changes
are
Poultry houses are
and at midday even
is generallywhen
colds.
susceptibleto
very
they
BRONCHITIS.
AND
of
temperature.
full upon
very
highest that the
are
analogous to
a
heavy
fur coat
pose,
sup-
them,
warm.
fowls
what
It
are
they
all the time
75
day and
70 degrees,and
and
night
at
Such
extremes
would
not
windows
then
would
be
nearly
them
room
a
a
room
affect the
so
if
common
the
where
it fell below
mercury
in winter
when
in the
was
zero.
constitution.
poultrykeepers would
o'clock
1 1
where
hardiest
day
every
from
open
in
sleepin
in their houses
keep
and
exercise
the
Colds
the
open
shines,
sun
until four
morning
in
the afternoon.
The
of
cold
sneezing,bubbling at the nose,
Colds generallycure
selves
themwatery eye and perhaps diarrhoea.
without
any especialtreatment, but there is always a possibility
that colds if neglected may
into something serious.
run
Ten
is a simple
drops of aconite in two quarts of drinking water
and good remedy when
administered
in season.
For mature
birds
Laxative
Bromo
a
one-grain quinine pillor one
Quinine Tablet,
given each night for two or three nights,will generallydo the
tablet should
business.
The
be greased,so that it will slipdown
symptoms
Here
easily.
parts
mix
is
together
a
with
and
pea,
for
remedy
Bronchitis
human
is
the throat.
bad
a
The
is
by
of
result
now
a
introduced
or
believed
to be
of germs
outside;
in many
and
"
:
ways
will remain
of roup
hen
house,
been
within
the
catarrh
Each
unless
by
with
a
or
are
under
lantern
case
as
one
formerly thought
was
as
of
means
bird
a
can
spores
floatingin
that it is
so
that
comes
goes
up
the air.
the
mistaken
is often
with
should
of
a
roup
careless
buy
disease
has
seeds
old
an
for roup,
be isolated.
the
on
The
safe to
is not
be
can
brought
never
absolutelysure
it
But
the
duced
be intro-
only
bought
of excrement
means
inated
is,dissem-
that
"
never
but
in
present.
Roup
may
generallysleeps with
wing, and by going through the pen at night
in which
other way
The
easilyfind her.
may
in two
her
it
disease
originatewithin.
Catarrh
peculiarsmell
discovered
her head
you
not
cold.
common
a
If this is so, roup
for years,
its walls.
new
the
ROUP.
bacterial
a
it cannot
of germs
means
for
as
same
SCOURGE"
DREAD
breeder, by
irresponsible
feet,by
be
is the
neglectedcold.
from
"
(This is not a bad
give one every 24 hours.
trebling the dose.)
beings, doubling or
cold accompanied by coughing or rattlingin
treatment
means
equal
pelletsabout
into
mould
Take
sulphateof iron
of quinine and
gentian;
extract
is effective.
pillthat
sulphate
THE
Roup
are
home-made
pepper,
cayenne
size of
a
a
ways.
A
roupy
bird
76
a
bird
roupy
of her eye,
there
cases
be told is
may
is
smell
roup
a
All suspects should
there is
which
be
mouths
slightmoisture
that
with
in the lower
In well
there.
known
once
Two
given
three
or
times
their
day
a
ner
cor-
developed
be mistaken.
never
can
quarantined, fed lightlyon
little ginger, and
a
disinfected vessels.
and
a
littlebubbles
perhaps
or
by
mash
warm
a
in
drinking water
in
their nostrils
spray
the
followingsolution : Extract witch hazel,four
tablespoonfuls; water, two
tablespoonfuls
acid, three
; carbolic
Use
drops.
nostril
twice
and
under
It is
the
mouth.
KEROSENE
The
five times
bird
will
if the
it will be
bird
for each
often
before
doctor
to
will be
she
recover
ROUP.
severe
a
into
as
breeder,
a
s'hapeto lay again.
for roup
cure
of the
case
worthless
comes
the best
is about
FOR
it pays
lives she
time
some
sharp hatchet
if you
Still,
TREATMENT
whether
question
a
Even
roup.
A
for
the bulb
squeeze
this treatment.
THE
and
atomizer, and
an
I know
that
of.
ment,
give the bird a chance, try the kerosene treatin my
known.
judgment, the simplestand best treatment
Take a wooden
pailand fillit two-thirds full of water, and then
cupful of oil. Take bird by the feet and dip her
pour on one-half
head
three.
under
water, lettingit stay there while you count
Wipe the bird well with a piece of soft cloth,and return to the
hospital. Some of the kerosene will percolatethrough the outer
to
want
"
skin, and
clean
will be taken
some
her
up
feathers.
in
it,and
into the bird's mouth
The
kerosene
few
she
as
tries to
uniting with the pus coagulates
scales off,leavingthe tongue
days the mass
pink and clean. The patientis still weak, and should be kept
the hospitala while longer before she is returned
to her mates.
The
best
throat
is
roupy
bird
but
to
had
would
not
spout
the
She
that
I put
hasten
picking up
dishes.
ate
on
her
advise
and
She
doors
out
hint
the
made
the
that
a
and
down
ran
gave
her
a
if the
her
when
bread
sunshine
warm
the
about
wife
soaked
sink
washed
in milk.
fine recovery.
to
the disease
keep
breaks
some
out
standard
to
a
mash, but
warm
my
The
doing well,
be
to
in
I had
swallowed.
with
I noticed
poultryman
when
see
milk.
with
seemed
her
to
Soon
cure.
be
cannot
I tried to tempt
the crumbs
I took
hand,
food
kerosened.
her
heartilyand
I would
remedy
that hard
I had
moistened
is bread
roup
appetite.
avail.
no
diet in
tender
so
no
a
use
roup
the medi-
77
cine
according to directions.
that
can
with
be administered
pillsor powders
In
in the
that you
purchasing a remedy
food
water, and
or
have
give to
to
select
do
one
bother
not
the individual bird.
CHOLERA.
Next
called
to
hot
than
it
birds
of cholera
the part of the birds
discoloration
the
urates
the
as
with
disease
distended
flock.
a
the
or
food
birds
Sprinkle the
Nine-tenths
to
get eggs
He
The
acid and
of the
by
means
the
of
of the
some
loss of
appetite
first
Diarrhoea
in
a
bird
in
in.
sets
The
when
follows, and
yellow,
tude
dejectedatti-
asleep.
the
is
; in health
at
are
green.
seems
cholera
is
crop
aroused
is
short
a
it so
that
deep
the
up
has
time
discovered.
been
when
placeby themselves, and
dogs
yards with
floor and
gallonswarm
three
foxes
or
a
one
dig
cannot
yards, and
and
house
OF
bury
the
made
of
solution
appliedwith
water,
it is necessary
poultryman
not
to
that afflict laying stock
feed
must
value
LIVER.
THE
digestiveorgans
Fortunately the
he must
and
of the liver.
highly,and
this reacts
In order
if he
finds
one
dead
from
the
upon
and then
expect every now
of the individual hen is not
be disheartened
from
come
to
lose
great,
time
to
they will in the spring"
immediately begin to revise his methods.
poultryman must
and
feed a less stimulatingration, give more
green food,
must
time.
the
upon
the excrement
rest, stands
and
a
of the diseases
derangements
and
damp,
watering pot.
common
hen.
to
and
for
DISEASES
a
of
or
but
by
the urates
weakness
body or bury
Thoroughly clean
pint carbolic
health.
fowls
more
first definite symptom
tipof
the
plumage,
the
excrement.
to
The
progresses
with
the infected
dies burn
a
time
is transmitted
generallyheralded
satisfactoryremedy
Remove
one
even
is
dies.
No
it up.
be
disease
a
dry
a
the domestic
in cholera
extremely thirsty. Great
the bird
poultryman
would
It is
cholera
itself from
roughened
generally
in
white, but
bird separates
The
is
of the urates,
are
changing
Cholera
common.
only
that the
well.
as
Approach
on
as
roup
it affects not
and
disease
disappears quickly in
and
of frost. Like
approach
wild
serious
is cholera.
were
roup
weather,
germs,
combat
to
upon
serious
the most
roup
When
hens
begin to drop
off"
as
78
his hens
compel
to
for
a
each
month
to take
shown
the
tonic.
good
a
by the color
black
even
give
"
A
teaspoonfulof sulphatemagnesia
pint drinkingwater, given for a week, then followed
by adding one-fourth
grain sulphatestrychnia to two
quarts water, is
be
exercise.
Where
of the
comb
teaspoonful of
a
sulphateof magnesia
and
mopes
crop
condition
spoonful
if she
as
mass
make
a
had
pass
that may
be in the way:
will
take
removed
use,
and
time.
some
and
a
by
pen
If it does
away.
The
name.
to
Give
herself
her
for
a
is
make
that
obstruction
no
table-
hours,
12
With
a
of the
everything
insert your
sharp
inch
in
feathers
skewer,
the contents
sure
her
it will be necessary
not
hardwood
small
a
remove
To
that there
of
bird
examination
assist you.
to
someone
Take
begin
and
f
longitudinalincision three-quartersof an
upper part of the crop, first plucking out any
the
butchers
dark
day, instead
a
base ball.
a
in
put
will need
length in
will
BOUND.
swallowed
oil and
may
You
to operate.
knife
once
is
of castor
the
when
oil
castor
described
sufficiently
by the
and upon
around, dejectedin appearance,
feels
affected,as
purple, becoming
"
strychnia.
CROP
This
the liver is
such
It
crop.
has
as
been
little finger
gizzard.
Rinse
Sew up the opening in the
the crop with warm
out
water.
ting
tying and cutcrop with silk thread, making each stitch by itself,
Do the same
the thread before making another.
thing to the
feed
skin.
Put the bird back .in the pen by herself,and
outside
lightlyon soft food for a few days.
into the outlet of the crop,
where
the food
SCALY
is
"Scaly legs are the
contagious. There
depends
three
upon
are
for
care
tablespoonfulsof
a
a
quite a
few
lard
into the
LEGS.
of
work
passes
minute
number
weeks
and
and
parasite,
add
of
than
to
it
the trouble
remedies,
but
more
anything else. Take
two
tablespoonfulsof
glycerine;then drop into the mixture
not
hot) two drops of carbolic
warm,
(which should be mixed
the mixture
the legs of the fowl and wipe dry, rub on
acid.
Wash
not
overlooking any part.
thickly,having it warm,
very
Repeat this twice a week for two or three weeks and the legs will
kerosene
soon
oil and
become
clean
one
and
of
perfectlysmooth."
79
There
times
are
poultry yard.
After
its appearance
and
when
a
the
is used
Put
should
be
is of great
winter
when
or
value
disease makes
reinforce the
to
given.
in the
health
Douglas Mixture
by poultrymen everywhere.
is
of
the
one
of
It is made
as
bottle
a
soon
as
quart of
must
jug
or
the
as
is clear
tonic,
oz.
gal.
i
into
mixture
this
tonic
:
Water,
every
good
long, cold
Sulphate of iron, 8
Sulphuric acid, " oz.
iron;
TONIC.
it is desirable
fowls, a good
follows
GOOD
a
tonic
best, and
A
iron
gallon water,
one
is dissolved
add
add
the
the
sulphateof
acid.
When
the
it is
ready for use.
Dose, a tablespoonfulto
The
drinking water.
drinking vessels while using
be glass or
glazed earthenware.
MOULTING.
Moulting
abnormal
a
unnatural
or
of discomfort
state
birds
should
or
should
be made
Remove
for
is not
; but
disease in the
it is
dis-ease;
a
For
from
it is best for both
about
the
flock
the
males
and
that
sense
best
helped through
brief as possible.
as
Feed
the
be
all males
this time.
disease,in
in egg
moult,
soon
and
a
tion
producthe
time
moulting begins,
as
females
something
that it is
sense
results
the
as
it is
be
to
separated
at
plentyof meat
or
ground bone is given in the dailyration,and that plenty
green
of green
food is always at hand.
Three
in dry,
times a week
bright weather
put a tablespoonfulof flowers of sulphur in the
for every 50 fowls, and on alternate days a tablespoonful
mash
of
carbonate
of iron to white
of iron.
Do
not
give the carbonate
fowls, unless you are indifferent as to the purity of their plumage,
for it will give the new
feathers a creamy
or
brassy tinge.
If this treatment
get
any
is
up
EATING:
Egg eating is
the
kept
during
Where
hens
are
the
a
HOW
vice
that
eggs
are
supplied
with
that
sure
the entire moult
through easily,as there will be no loss
of them
hang in the moult, but keep on
EGG
cure.
usual, only be
as
TO
is much
of
will
will
strength,nor
completed.
until
IT.
PREVENT
easier
the birds
to
prevent than
to
gathered at frequent intervals,where
plenty
of material
for
making
shells,
80
hens
the
where
is
only
applied
or
beak
upper
difficult
for
makes
to
best
method
"My
hens
work
to
of
breaking
in
the
flavor,
that
The
they
I
know
but
"
it
of
dose
The
didn't
give
another
eat
'em
I
day
next
never
next
so
Wall,
'em?
out
a
rumple
little
the
'em
far
no,
soft
"
a
feather,
I
as
I
far
didn't
Didn't
that
good
is
as
I
end
another.
'em
see
soap,
house
hen
They
never
to
took
the
on
know.
a
went
soft
the
give
soap
so
has
and
with
third.
a
; but
efficacious.
end
on
I
laid
Raw
I
stuck
egg
day
men
habit.
one
egg
is
keg
hens
"and
pepper,
cayenne
dropped
and
off
nail
being
it is
as
the
up
A
it
below.
says,
chipped
filled
I
egg.
Hurt
guess.
cleaned
have
Then
that
referred,
times
he
spring,"
done
known
the
novel
as
her
be
can
egg-eating
several
so
make
will
after
egg
the
bleeding,
have
contract
to
egg,
an
of
receptacle
the
eating
one
got
plaster,
eat
and
that,
the
of
pare
laid.
I
hens.
Two
plenty
Then
has
she
this
vice.
arranged
for
have
and
pain
so
after
into
egg
eggs
stiff
good
that.
eat
of
I
court
eat
Might
hens
white.
and
They
and
them
I
nest,
Something
that
hole
whom
to
eating
to
a
the
cure.
so
allow
to
them.
white
They
you
Fox,
got
small
a
never
D.
yolk
floor.
nest,
the
signs
eggs
egg
Before
floor.
shows
egg-eating
for
each
fine, is recommended
S.
sprinkled
with
is
eating
egg
stop
to
the
place
the
at
in
it
a
dark
a
nest
is
cure
the
out
effect
get
through
thing
Mr.
to
chopped
pork,
the
china
double-decked
drop
salt
in
hen
the
will
nests
the
a
would
nests,
hatchet.
made
upon
until
the
is
p!aced
bird
at
this
excellent
an
make
the
on
be
litter
the
strikes
the
be
guilty
Generally
having
by
in
she
should
should
the
of
when
stop.
not
eating
egg
effort
eggs
strewn
eggs
for
cure
an
china
these
that
sure
however
more
when
unknown.
practically
The
busy
kept
are
for
could
like
it did.
that,
see."
82
as
would
one
Clubs
article.
with
their
of
eggs
gladly
soda
There
color.
the
poultryman
store, and
in cash.
pay
one
can
berries
and
other
The
The
is
always
poultryman
the
supply
a
of
eggs,
them
them
pay
for
to
of
having private
poultry,vegetables,
eggs,
products of the farm
and
garden.
EGGS.
spring when
are
eggs
cheap.
very
time relieve
and at the same
profits
by improving this opportunityto lay
his
to
home
for
for
consumption
the
to
year
believe in
not
and
eggs
spring when
the best
fresh eggs,
per
sight. There
are
"both of which
I
under
method
when
I know
eggs.
lays down
for
a
400
about
in six months
cent,
absolutelysure
print. These methods
the
convenient.
more
the
Of
sun
will
two
Bear
keep
dozen
$60 by
Wall
leaves
two
eggs
methods
the
are
I
man
a
dozen, and
little less per
clearingup
methods.
lime water
and
fresh
cheap
sells them
profit of 150
cleaner
not
are
eggs
Thanksgiving
as
beside
will
"
preserved
the
eggs
have
that
sellingthese preserved eggs for fresh
but there is no
reason
why the poultryman should not use
in his own
family. Neither is there any objectionto selling
in the fall,provided they are
sold for just what
they are
I do
come.
for
add
can
families
advantage
sell them
in
in the market
congestion
down
time
a
good price for
a
price they
PRESERVING
There
pay
private
are
same
is,that
customers
cream,
will often
trade, and
good
the
pay
at the
eggs
in
cooking they use cold storage eggs.
good customers, and will pay a fancy price for a fancy
of brown
Druggists use a large number
tion
eggs in connec-
are
fresh
think,because
of
every
then
about
than
the
is asked
A
deal.
Street
of
out
keeping eggs,
glass and
soluble glass,
soluble
prefer the
in
who
mind, however, that
fresh
which
are
not
no
fresh
laid down!
LIME
METHOD.
WATER
ring
lime, and then add four pounds salt,stirStir and leave to
well together. Add
eight gallonswater.
has settled
settle.
The
next
day stir again. After the mixture
the clear liquidtime
off or carefullydip out
the second
draw
of tartar, saltpetre,
each of baking soda, cream
Take
two
ounces
Slack
and
a
four pounds
littlealum.
boiling water.
stone
jar,small
and
Pulverize
Add
end
this to
down,
one
mix,
the lime
layer on
and
water.
dissolve
Put
in two
the
eggs
top of another, and
quarts
in
pour
a
83
on
solution.
the
been
has
Set the
in the
jar away
in
the
past, and
a
This
place.
cool
recipe has
process
been
widely sold
method
for $5. The
is quite satisfactory,
although not so good
of preservingin soluble glass,as the eggs are liable
the method
as
to have
a somewhat
limy taste.
secret
SOLUBLE
Soluble
GLASS
sodium
glass,or
METHOD.
is
silicate,
readilysoluble
slipperyconsistency,
for
coating bandages,
from
injuredpart
at
part soluble
one
use
eggs
in
until
the
end
then
jar is filled,
the
add
case,
gallon.
a
down,
until the
water
SALICYLIC
If the
specific
is
as
times
some-
just sink.
STORAGE.
COLD
AND
ACID
will
the
top of another
that of the eggs,
eggs
eggs
Put
water.
solution.
the
on
pour
gist
drug-
any
preserving
layeron
one
by physicians
through
For
smooth,
protect the
to
parts pure
10
is greater than
the solution
gravity of
It is used
be obtained
glassto about
jar, small
stone
a
rather
a
it is desired
may
cents
75
liquidof
in water.
where
air,and
of about
cost
a
the
a
VirginiaAgriculturalExperiment Station has been
of preservingeggs, and finds that the treatment
studying methods
with
acid followed
salicylic
by cold storage is quite efficacious.
has passed the experistation does not claim that the method
mental
The
The
West
does
stage, and
fresh
acid
salicylic
of
ounce
on
removing
a
dry
in
5
one
There
ashes
conducted
hand.
and
follows
in
a
solution
:
while
store
in
does
not
a
one
diately
imme-
they
box
go
merge
"Sub-
of
; and
an
are
rel
bar-
or
above
60
may
per
salt.
be
cent.
kept
Wood
Salt also
is
desire
such
ashes
Wood
the National
to
SALT.
OR
who
and
described,
or
by
that eggs
at
as
solution,and
of which
ASHES
however
many
are
of these
only 20
the
the temperature
room
is
quart of strong alcohol
in sterilized cotton
WOOD
wood
minutes
10
it except in
use
Fahrenheit."
degrees
any
or
from
the eggs
them
still wet, wrap
in
for
eggs
to
anyone
trying,and
It is worth
experimental way.
the
advise
not
a
simpler method
I would
are
recommend
excellent.
AgriculturalSchool
in
than
either
Experiments
Germany
show
of
packed in wood ashes, with a loss
convenient and always
ashes are cleanly,
good. Use a grade of salt a little coarser
a
year
84
than
a
so
do not
jar in a
keep a year,
jar is
cool
and
if laid but
a
POULTRY
is called coarse-fine
in first a
let them
the
as
Put
until the
on
and
"
jar.
stone
what
salt,
table
layerof salt,then
filled. Stand
to
be
I have
few
as
the
Cover
touch.
place.
good
days
salt. Pack
eggs
them
known
layerof
the small
upon
packed
eggs
in
eggs
and
eggs,
completelywith
the end
at
a
the
ends,
Set
salt.
in this way
of that time
for
to
cooking
before.
A
MANURE"
BY-PRODUCT.
VALUABLE
is an
Poultry manure
exceedingly valuable by-product. It is
try
PoulIt is also a rich plant food.
a highly stimulating
manure.
than
is more
twice
valuable
as
manure
as
sheep or hog
and more
than three times as valuable as ordinary stable
manure,
the following table will show
:
as
manure,
Poultrymanure
applying it. It
with
the
but
dissipated. The
hen
which
ashes
are
is to find
earth
drive
it off
worse
to
must
care
tact
con-
applied in
When
in
be taken
into direct
come
growing plant.
the
the soil.
with
is not
than
substance
some
good,
on
destructively
act
The
of the
allowed
be
never
that great
suppliesnitrogenin largequantitiesin the form
ammonia
being a highly volatile product is rapidly
problem of the poultrymen, therefore,in dealing
manure
Sifted
powerful
so
be well mixed
Poultry manure
with
should
roots
hill it should
of ammonia,
is
the
for
that will fix the
it is apt to
ammonia
nothing, for they do
contain
compounds.
not
hold
nia.
ammo-
bacteria
Wood
ammonia,
by their caustic alkaline properties.
the ammonia
best thing I have found
to preserve
but
in hen
85
is gypsum
manure
cents
plaster,which
Scatter
pounds.
100
per
land
or
few
a
them
droppings before you remove
it is thoroughly incorporated. The
in
one
year,
when
in this way,
treated
CHAPTER
THE
END
The
a
and
see
compound
droppings
are
worth
50
plasterover
morning,
result is
The
of
for
bought
a
one-half
that
able
valu-
as
from
the
fowl
what
it
her.
to feed
costs
handfuls
in the
fertilizer.
commercial
any
as
be
may
OF
THE
who
poultryman
XIV.
TWO
HUNDRED
HEN.
EGG
of
head
laying
if
a good
poultry to dispose of, especially
he follows my
for
advice in this book
to keep pullets,
principally,
layers. It will be quite a problem to disposeof this stock to the
best advantage. In passing I would
that the poultryman
remark
should
table
well
juicy
keep his own
supplied. Plump and
will have
stock
broilers
and
else.
not
rejoiceonce
There
there
summer
poultryman
time
deal
is
should
have
"
will sell for
Take
i.
those
from
he wishes
to
keep
the bird
from
shut
this until it is killed.
will add
the fowl
at
hand
what
for breeders.
the
and
the
roost
at
Let
The
and
of
the
all the water
fowl's
confinement
emptying
hours
night,36
in comfortable
it have
MARKET.
FOR
FOWLS
it up
greatlyto
the bowels.
for
be
may
quarters.
morning give it a good breakfast, but nothing
water
fowls
over
ing
moult-
about
disposed of among
poultryman keeps a popular breed
cockerels
DRESSING
is to be killed,and
his flock, and
price.
AND
KILLING
500
up," sellingthe
"round
fall if the
fair
a
to
of
steadilycull
grand
a
in the
300
are
they will bring, except
of live
Quite a number
farmers
from
just as good for him as they are for any
is no
reason
why the poultryman's table should
week
broilers or
with
roasters.
During the
a
for poultry. The
market
in most
towns
a good
roasters
one
keeps
comfort
more
and
it
The
next
eat
after
it will drink.
assist in
is for the purpose
the crop.
to
before
of
The
ating
evacu-
having
86
Suspend the fowl by
2.
a
soft
cord, the
end
upper
ceilingor beam
the
Lock
3.
the
this
Do
Take
4.
Grasp
of the head
fowl
that
through
with
enough
the
to
hook
a
left
the
on
nail in
or
ping.
prevent flap-
to
dislocated.
be
with
and
hand,
with
head
the
stick
a
of the
concussion
produce
to
back,
will hot
in the
6.
bone
blood
long
brain
from
feathers will
come
should
case
rents
about
be
inch
an
which
long
them
sew
is to be
back
off the fowl's
inch
of the neck
8.
should
"For
the
draw
bone, pullthe
Boston
right
This
and
in
Pluck
The
torn.
In
minutes.
thread.
white
intestines.
and
shape
of
a
removing
the
a
round
Remove
sac
may
until
circle,
hole
about
the intestines
the skin and
take
skin
forward
and
tie.
England
egg
half
back
New
stripthem
quickly the
be
10
sides
sharp knife cut a slit
parallelwith it,through
will make
After
and
a
it into the
slit in the
silver half dollar.
then
will not
of the intestines
of the vent.
head,
clear
throat, and
vent.
If done
neatly with
and
by enlargingthe
a
up
of the vent
end
around
feathers
of
with
be removed
the size of
the skin
finger,hooking
lower
from
drawn,
The
wings, and
plucking.
Finish
intestines.
ends
in the
the breast
up
the
feathers
easilyand
entirelydenuded
insert index
joins the
Unlock
out
made
are
under
profusely.
Remove
If the fowl
7.
flow
back.
the blade
twist it to
the blade
withdraw
you
tail feathers.
the feathers
markets
off about
the
be
"Plumping
dipping the carcass
9.
in water
nearly or
cut
an
poultry
markets
York
For the New
picked perfectlyclean.
Do not singe the bodies
tip feathers of the wings are left on.
the purpose
of removing any down
or
hair, as the heat from
flame will give them
an
oily and unsightlyappearance."
in
or
the back
at
right insert
the
bone, severing the artery
to
feathers.
bird
with
pluck immediately. Pluck
to
Remove
tail.
and
When
the feathers
by
or
justback of the ear lobe,on the
parallelwith it. Run the blade
in the neck
the neck
Begin
the comb
by
the left hand, and
the neck.
angles with
causing the
it
they
blow
smart
a
fowl
side of the neck
of
behind
tip of the wings
the
sharp knife
a
to
is secured
height with
head.
so
carefully,
the
convenient
a
unconsciousness.
5.
of
of which
over
cudgel. Strike hard
and
feet at
wings together
the
right strike
the
the
for
the
dealers,and consists
by some
soon
as
as
thoroughly picked for 10 seconds
quite boilinghot, and then immediately into
is recommended
87
ice-cold
water."
This
"The
drawn.
be
drawn
be
look
Massachusetts
of
laws
require poultry to
the meat
plump
and
siderably
fattcon-
its appearance.
improving
10.
makes
In
if there
and
New
former
the
is food
York
do
not
State however
in it at the
time
the
of
killing.
Custom,
quite as potent as statute law, requires that
poultrymarketed in Massachusetts be drawn; and carefullydrawn
better
more
poultry will sell so much
readilyand for so much
prices,that it pays well to comply with this demand."
must
crop
which
is
TO
the fowl
Where
SCALD
is to be eaten
immediate
consumption,
scalding.
There
is
right way
section.
take
is
follows
as
After
pail,or
full of
boilingwater,
reduce
the
fowl
by
the neck
with
the breast
remove
wrong
way
and
and
a
it is sold for
the
feathers
this.
do
to
described
manner
in
by
The
preceding
stopped dripping from the wound
other receptacle,
fillit three-fourths
into this pour a pint of cold water
to
little below
a
where
has
some
temperature
or
prefer to
Kill in the
:
blood
the
wooden
a
many
home,
at
right and
a
FOWL.
A
legs
downward
and
dip
and
once
the
it into the water
with
the
boilingpoint. Take
twice,
once
"
gettingit in
the back,
"
quickly as possible. Hang the fowl up
the feathers have been removed
again, and begin to pluck. When
from
the
and the intestines drawn, dip out two
quarts of water
in its place. Put the
pail,putting two quarts of boilingwater
and
of the
out
into
carcass
This,
a
as
let it stay
this,and
put it in water
carcass
water
nearly if
and
plump
very
ful of salt into the cold
Hang
Fowls
will
the
up
fowl
in
a
water
cool
in this way
treated
at
clean
animal
or
and
in
cool
heat
boxes
then
excellent
an
is
all rents
as
layer of poultry in
or
sold.
and
appearance,
SHIPPING.
AND
straw,
is put in.
discoloration.
or
torn
placeson
wipe dry and hang in
entirelyout, before packing.
clean
utes.
min-
tablespoon-
the fowl
time
water,
with
a
up
same
a
10
gives the
and
until it is to be cooked
present
PACKING
sew
''Carefully
the
place
days without
several
keep
explained,is "plumping,"
Put
invitingappearance.
and
it out
take
quite ice cold, lettingit stay
not
has been
as
seconds, then
10
follows
the
same
:
first
a
cool
Pack
a
thin
the
skin, wash
place until
in clean
barrels
layer of
posture in which
the
straw
they roost,
then
layer
a
barrel
be
and
address
of
letter
that
the
take
and
express,
receipt
from
the
freight
market
alive.
shipped
kill
can
fancy
or
large
and
them
live
poultry.
killed
strawberry
off
crates
they
save
In
to
been
in
or
places
the
given
do
firms
of
them
it
that
a
a
loss
of
the
whole
harm,
he
be
stalls
of
in
If
if
it
Men
they
they
ill afford.
or
all
are
are
is
not
who
all
lars
circu-
the
and
make
to
markets
right
and
eat
reliable
safe
old
being
out
who
quarters
for
in
will
a
unless
Before
are
public
now
express
men
the
demand
sending
that
years.
obscure
and
can
said
suit
fowls,
they
corn
They
are
eat
sort.
some
these
of
who
by
continually
occupy
in
ship
are
to
constant
a
boxes
may
term
and
way.
them
not
shipped
Some
business
no
makes
are
investigated.
be
shipper
this
all
be.
market
this
Jews,
cities, will
our
men
general
business
should
will
be
of
may
to
in
The
light
shipments.
not.
are
started
small
or
barrels
agent,
dress
can
generally
are
or
and
and
Commission
consignments
offices
in
postal
case
sent
them
customers.
rabbi,
a
shouM
soliciting
have
their
the
are
prefer
desired,
element
by
that
men
as
Fowls
watered.
some
of
important
are
be
lots
caprice
they
sent
in
by
your
ALIVE.
fowls
Commission
name
Friday."
FOWLS
of
the
or
express
or
th"
forgetting
boxes
as
Nail
with
dealer
more
the
which
straw
sides.
not
the
than
later
not
majority
great
or
or
SHIPPING
The
one
freight
the
ship,
notify
him
of
the
until
on
so
carefully
you
; and
shipped
in
mark
whom
to
and
layer
a
crevices
any
shipper
as
with
by
reach
to
as
a
into
dealer
have
you
poultry,
of
full, finishing
securely,
on
poultry
Always
another
firmly
address
and
dressed
quite
tucked
head
name
so
is
or
corners
and
straw
box
or
should
of
or
who
have
their
have
lately
tion
investiga-
right
it
may
90
EGGS
HATCHING.
FOR
safelybe
kept ?
To
stolen her nest.
in the
eggs
and
She
of from
to 60
should
medium-sized
a
was
for "old
you
why.
than
A
bird
dressingten
dressing four
part of the
fowl,
fowls
medium-sized
call for
than
when
hen.
a
calls
now
the
demand
I will tell
forever.
legs or wings
more
of
case
least
at
under
or
time
large fowl
a
is still an
There
one.
the
but
ture
tempera-
a
plate. In the case of a
just right for an order.
to buy two
more
profitable
is
large
one
weeks,
kept
market
the
has
the
on
that it is
large fowl,
a
a
In
The
"
In
wing
or
learned
have
buyers
leg
a
incubator
day has gone
pounds has no
five.
or
that
hiding away
safelybe
may
was
is left uneaten
meat
medium-sized
Shrewd
that
been
chick.
a
FOR.
There
fowl.
hoosiers,"but
bird
a
CALLED
old
has
hatching
hen
for at least three
hatch
to
for
eggs
the
that she
the barn
egg
FOWL
may
ask
degrees,eggs
before they are
put in an
be turned
every day.
40
MEDIUM-SIZED
for
under
or
expects every
They
and
will tell you
that she
weeks
-long
find out, go
haymow
three
How
"
smaller
the
are
ones
sional
occa-
better
sellers.
GENTLE.
BE
timid
becomes
having
among
them
them
lose his temper,
a
unkindly
not
only a
source
not
to
be
of
she
a
is naturally
she
however
fowls
comes
work
owner
should
never
"Blessed
beatitude
as
are
meek,
the
cipline
dis-
they shall
for
poultrybusiness
in the
true
becomes
of moral
means
a
her
treat
or
do, poultry keeping
may
is
hen
owner's
her
get angry
to
pleasureand profitbut
despised.
earth,"is
inherit the
allows himself
what
matter
no
tries
sorely
often
and
reasoning creature
patience. But if he never
not
hen
great the provocation. The
how
matter
One
at his will.
them
handle
even
no
treated
pleasure in keeping
that they will let their
tame
so
and
kindly
of the
Much
tame.
The
birds.
your
When
easilyscared.
and
from
gentle with
Be
"
as
it is elsewhere.
pulletsseldom
Dry planer shavings make
-Precocious
Select
Don't
to
go
breed
of fowl
into
the
as
the
you
do
best
a
poultry business
material
wife
"
to
unless
for nests.
pleaseyourself.
you
have
"call"
a
it.
There
to
a
phenomenal layers.
make
is little
danger
of
overfeeding hens
after
they begin
lay.
Clear
plasterto
poultrymanure,
fix the ammonia,
lightlysprinkledwith
is worth
a
dollar
a
coal ashes
barrel.
or
land
91
method
If your
because
assimilated
The
her
no
and
you
she
harm.
!
If your
If
market, better
If you
her
the cat, but
scare
Go
the
prize at
a
and
do
In these
thou
do
fair,
county
If you
record, cackle.
have
days publicityand
bother
not
the
with
perity
pros-
for this
the
effect upon
plausibletheory
that
of the chick
chick, and
long, rangey
is worth
much
after
Should
He
he
sooner
I know
man
a
them
distinguish
can
he is better off to
claims
them.
is
the
determines
a
a
"
short, round
egg
a
more
will influence
egg
long
egg
the
giving a
blocky
more
the
of the
A
it contains.
life in it,
of
sex
shape
The
mistake.
of the
shape
of
a
it is there
what
will discover
follow, and
special
a
alone,the
eggs
of the germ
sex
begins its
a
and
as
egg
a
hurry
in their house
the roost
find out
This
the
have
you
cost
chick.
investigating.
be in too
Put
keep
of the
the
is that
soon
each.
to
shape
the extra
the better.
"crowers"
that is to be hatched.
no
everything
long to bring a
capons.
cents
than
sum
Unless
care.
his cockerels, as
10
about
this,as
for eggs,
surplus
pullets,for
think
About
opinion. It takes so
gain in size is offset by
in the business
are
Some
night.
under
torpedo
of
nothing of
disposesof
chick
taken
big egg
a
that the
get rid of your
Don't
will
a
cackles.
she
egg
caponize?
difference
a
for food, to say
them
the
neighbor will appreciate the joke,
and keep your neighbor'sgood will
have
made
to
maturity
to
has
This
sell,cackle.
to
it pay
else,there is
roost.
experience and
by
together.
go
Does
the
an
birds
they have
fine stock
sell them
The
has- laid
hen
a
cackle.
capon
learns
man
time.
same
likewise
shape
wise
his
by
feeds
again until you have thoroughly
follow its teachingsthe more
lars
dol-
around.
will get rid of the cat
After
This
and
closer you
comes
permanent
at the
egg
learns
man
time
over
The
it.
tail whenever
chick
The
get rid of the neighbor'scat, explode
To
from
with.
begin
wisest
else who
someone
change it
differently.
will make.
you
who
of
it all to
this book
Read
you
read
results don't
others.
experience of
some
to
fool knows
experience.
his
feeding gives good
happen
you
The
of
it after
few
there
a
weeks
be any
to have
one
foot from
for themselves.
while
and
the whole
your
chicks
adventurous
it; others
flock will be
laggards drive
them
let
the floor and
Some
get upon
begin to
will
roosting at
about
with
the
92
soft end
of the broom
the
on
with
roost
The
366.
be
hens
and
and
after
well
difficult to
get
demoralize
the whole
business
and
monotony
What
a
made
than
love
on
in the
the
regular
and
trade.
And
poultry
the
Not
home, health, and
the
who
men
have
rather
breeders
careful,industrious
a
and
work
has
pleasant
being
from
comes
into it
gone
living, a
good
that
independence
men
the
these
to
eggs
But
real
a
not
it; otherwise
for
poultry business.
intelligently,
may
has
will
into the
go
fingers,almost,
your
likingfor the
reasonably expect a
who
one
man,
who
intolerable.
by sellingbirds
by catering to
sitting
plantsit is
small
days,
should
man
become
count
money
few
a
real
a
On
and
well-equipped poultryman expect?
a
can
fortunes
their
No
have
not
may
You
made
have
step in for
thing.
the chicks
times.
other
at
slaverywill
rewards
fortune.
collected,and
as
to
man
does
who
of the
as
a
glad to get
rest.
the eggs
watered,
looked
nights until they are
two
or
poultry business is its slavery. The
deck 365 days in a year, and in leap years
on
holidaysbring little relief ; for the stock must
be
must
Sundays
fed
the
feature
worst
poultryman
one
one's
master.
own
WAY
NOVEL
other
every
method
avail,just tie
there
that
wilt be
flutter behind.
She
she
tail,if
method,
By
Or
not
I
mean
whole
time
to
as
the
rest
observes
if she
at
two
not
a
to
tary
seden-
going
to
a
will stop ; then
she
When
night
the ribbon
Take
This
so
long,
in
was
again.
run
it
seem
may
off
heroic
an
:
grown
appliance
relieved,
are
all."
"
In
preparing
considerations
:
time.
fowls
business, but
I
are
must
this
the
not
able
combine
I have
of money,
use
aware
am
book
practicability.
economy,
only frugalityin
frugalityin the use of
majority of those who keep
also
short
desperate
desperate
governed by
economy
six inches
the roost, cured.
PRACTICABILITY.
ECONOMY,
By
on
tail. Tie
lose all interest
once
of the house
a
hen, without
a
her
to
about
got it off herself.
not
"Diseases
been
will at
Shakspere
as
ends, each
after
in and
she has
but
stringor tape
out
will find her
you
red
up
tried
have
you
of to break
until she is tired out, when
run
will start
comes
her
will
After
"
think
hen
will start
HEN.
A
can
loose
two
The
life,and
fire.
you
piece of
a
UP
BREAK
TO
the
great
devote
their
that
to
but
poultry keeping
93
other
with
book, and
have
the book
has
with
been
from
tested
To
DUST
legs,and
her
lay
Work
the
and
the hen
her
around
take
another.
After
fallen
the
that
has
One
kills
application
week
never
her
and
so
hen
a
by
causes,
Apoplexy,
eyes
damp
dyspepsia
"
package.
or
time, but
mend
recom-
week
a
in
apart,
filthyand
which
as
and
Costiveness
crop
Canker
overcrowding.
"
"
"
epilepsy overfeeding. Sore
and
constipation improper
overfeeding. Indigestion and
"
"
quarters. Bronchitis
damp
"
damp
cramp
is
the United
as
damp
"
Bumble
eggs
"
Leg
houses.
foot
"
same.
Black
overfeeding.
weakness
"
high perches. Scaly
"
quarters.
There
is made
duced
intro-
Diarrhoea
overcrowding.
runs,
fowls,
"
overfeeding.
by
Roup
"
"
and
"
that used
and
follows:
indigestion. Soft-shelled
of
and
up
filth and
"
diseases of
"
Pip
same.
WHITEWASH.
than
summed
swelled
rheumatism
inbreeding
"
can
powder
poultrymen
troublesome
more
vertigo
and
result
legs
be
houses.
Soft
Gout,
the
at the
the hen
lightly
the roost
to
shake
the
best
her
the
Diphtheria roosting in draughts,also damp
throat
neglected
Consumption
same.
Ulcerated
cold.
"
The
"
Cholera
filth.
and
houses.
rot
into
under
hands
your
the pen
The
the
neck.
the
and
least three times, at intervals
at
may
germs.
dampness
food.
sides
Return
on
brood.
houses, filthyhouses
"
are
by
The
about
keeping
back
the lice that
DISEASE.
OF
their
damp
the
on
going through
newspaper
the hen
ing
admitting a strange hen into the pen without first dustall the rest,
thoroughly. One lousy hen will contaminate
one's guard all the time.
it is necessary
to be on
CAUSES
with
on
ify
to mod-
depart radically
to
feathers
get away.
will be another
there
dusting
and
cannot
I live and
relied
powder
a
perforated cover.
the vent, rubbing it
around
moment,
a
be
may
grasp
and
the
feathers
stand
that she
so
into
powder
in
statement
newspaper.
handle
a
into the
powder
Let
wings.
with
profit
pages.
a
upon
of
Every
as
left hand
your
writingthis
maximum
expect
never
into the feathers
the
Work
long
as
in these
breast-down
Sprinkle the powder
in well.
down
in
experience, and
learn
With
"
tin box
a
actual
to
the
of effort.
time, but
to
HEN.
A
be in
should
a
by
principleslaid
the
how
the minimum
time
details from
this class in mind
show
to
implicitly.I expect
upon
had
endeavored
be obtained
may
I have
pursuits.
better whitewash
no
States
follows
:
Take
government
half
a
for outside
for
bushel
work
ings,
publicbuildof unslacked
94
lime
and
over
a
slack it with
boilingwater, covering during the process
Strain the liquidthrough a fine sieve or strainer,
to keep in steam.
and add a peck of salt previouslydissolved in warm
water
; three
pounds of ground rice boiled to a thin paste and stirred in while
hot; half a pound of Spanish whiting,one pound of clean glue.
Before
the glue is added
it should be dissolved in cold water
and
then brought to a state where
it will flow freelyby being placed
being
filled with
stir
into it.
square
color
fire in
slow
ochre
yellow
to
of
pounds
A
FIELD
to
HOME.
in the
engage
to
limited
his
thoroughbred
afford
can
$2
For
add
cream
lampblack
four pounds
proportionately
of
Indian
of
red
color
and
pound
one
add
who
does
of established
breeders
does
who
large scale,or
a
the capital
have
not
not
reputation,
within
profitsby imitatingtheir methods
are
ing
waking up to the importance of keep-
stock.
to pay
color
lead
or
man
on
with
asdesired.
proportionately
pounds lampblack.
two
The
compete
Farmers
area.
to
"
"
stone
common
business
largelyincrease
may
pearl
common
umber
raw
NEAR
feel competent
he
of
pound
a
be added
may
color add
lampblack; for
four
the largerpot
largerone,
Add
five gallonshot water
ture,
to the mixdirt can
stand a few days where
no
get
will
whitewash
of
this
cover
one
pint
; for
; for fawn
one
common
a
let it
in
set
pot
Apply hot. One
yard. Coloring matter
add
umber
water.
well, and
ivoryblack
or
small
a
farmer
The, average
or
for
$i
even
does
of
sitting
a
feel that
not
eggs, but he will
introduces
and promwho
The
new
man
a
gladly pay 50 cents.
ising
strain
of
who
into
his
has
a
or
variety
neighborhood,
any
established
breed noted for egg production,can
count
on
a large
sale of eggs
for hatching around
It is more
home.
to
profitable
sell eggs
for double
consumed
TO
break
to
well
and
If it is
forage
in
a
pen
customers
the
UP
BREAK
the
needs
for herself
built for
out
all the water
and
come
back
to
"
She
of the
Don't
she
and
house
few
she
will
in
be
laid
the
In
drink.
the flock with
the
a
a
same
week
in
latter
time
hurry
a
and
long
in
starts
again.
yard and let
or
spring,put
days. If it is winter
broodies, give her a light feed
a
sell them
to
; for
has
before
breakfast, nothing for dinner, and
her
HEN.
hen.
vacation
a
of town
out
SITTING
sitting
put her
summer
eggs
A
sittingthan
a
advertisingand baskets, the
and in correspondence.
for
expense
packing
up
for 50 cents
to
sum
is the
in
How
farmers
that
there
case
the
to
for
she
of
mash
supper.
will be
and
good appetite,
her
her
for
Give
cured
in another
95
week
the
that
desire
a
few
a
feel
is in
The
brains
The
stunted
fat and
of
not
clutch
two
and
laid
eggs
good
that
to
them
sit she
requisitesof
consume
expects
winter
go
poultry
up
of it.
a
when
on
It
used
are
times
they are
they
for
stored
eggs
three
as
the
in
has
nest
or
is
forgets her
some
no
time
success
a
method
little hungry
to
where
every
she
go
are
under
day,
they
the nest.
business
are
pains.
who
poultryman
pulletsis going
develop
her
this
to
gathered two
likelyto get broody
nearly so
of eggs
her
of
and
uneasy
condition
a
it will do
hen
hurt
generallyknown
the
food, good
to
if she
philosophy
the
days, for
are
a
makes
It won't
fact not
hens
The
lay.
to
scanty ration
where
and
begin
for incubation.
plenty
is
will
she
and
care
winter
When
her
shell to
maturity
her
Tyin'
rags
say
While
to
natur'
Hen,
his
Liked
to
a
raise
a
brood^
its way,
hen
;
off the
made
a
thumbnail
yanked
twitched
he
shooed
neighbor, Penn,
her
though,
Grabbed
hard
kinder
and
wants
my
yank
to
'twas
gettin'gay
ago
Went
pail,
yard.
slammed
bustin' up
Started
Penn
and
wants
Jest 'cause
fright,
tail,
the
though
it's
skursely right
tin
around
as
she
I sh'd
her
old
an
her
kicked
'Cause
'twas
around
on
Chasin'
Seems
chill.
a
dreadful
a
Poundin'
till
with
though
Givin'
set,
'tain't etiket
in water
connected
as
to
the
nest,
peck and jest
good and stout,
thing
darn
away
out.
then
and
again to grab the hen.
But, by ginger, she had spunk,
Tried
she
'Cause
Big's
a
bean
Swallowed
Histed
"Sounded
up
took
and
nipped
a
junk
right out his palm,
it,and cool and calm
and
yelled "Cah-dah
like
she
said
!"
"Hoo-rah!"
done
that hen
that,
sir,.when
took
off his hat,
he bowed,
bet
can
Spunk
jest suits him, you
SET."
"Set," says he, "gol darn ye,
Wai,
Penn
"
"
"
Holman
F.
Day
or
requires good
HEN.
is bound
though
as
Seems
Bein'
SETTIN'
hen
a
Dowsin'
She's
"
from
It
immature
layers.
Seems
"
badly disappointed.
good steady growth
a
A
"
be
to
from
eggs
in Lewiston
Journal.
INDEX.
A
Best
Breeds
lerican
K
PAGE
42
Killing and
48
Leg Bands.
Lice and Red
Mites
Liver, Diseases of
PAGE
Dressing.
"
85
B
Birds
Sexed
it
:eding for
Birds
Best
:ed from
56-61
Eggs
200
57
68
"oder, Care of
66
"oder, Install One
67
"oder, Removing Chicks to
"oder, Secrets of Success with.... 68
Author
Feeds. .68
"oder Chicks, How
Man's Way. 69
"oder Chicks, Another
bohydrates
35
66-71
Care
Their
and
cks
cks, Diseases of
cks, with Hens
to
Hatch
cks, When
73
70
71
77
74
8
)lera
ds and
Bronchitis
Plan
ony
nmunity Plan
ony-Community Plan
10
14
/8
58
Bound
p
"sses
D
rrhoea
of
f
js,
and. Winter
j Production, Conditions
Wrecked
j Records, How
s
of
Experiment Station House..
Natural
Hen
N
Incubator
12
63
Non-Layers
6
Packing
87
Piano
Prize
44
and
Shipping
Box
Houses
Method
of Feeding
and
Products
By-Products
Preserving Eggs, Methods
Pullets, to Start Laying
17
81-85
82-83
of
45
R
Rats
89
36
etc
of
Element
47
in
48
75
S
Scalding
43
Sex
35
.:
Way
ding, a Woman's
:ding, Caution......!
for
Rule
ding, Golden
Much
ding, How
Method
ding, Summer
ding, Variety Necessary
Method
ding, Winter
*
Values
33
29
30
26
Dressing
in Egg Production
Fowls
in
Element
79
23
Food
Montana
Reproduction, Sex
Roup
7
)ds and
58
79
Reproduction, Conditions
85-88
Hen*
Egg
from
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