1. food and drink
2. food
3. grains and pasta

"
0
PROFITABLE POULTRY:
HOW
Fowls,
in
TO
MANAGE
Turkeys,
Health
Ducks
and
Geese
"
Disease,
BY
VALE,
W.
CONSULTANT
POSTMORTEM
DISEASES
ALL
FOR
EXAMINER
PIGEON
FOR
Price
3/6, post free
3/9.
ALSO
CREATURES,
FEATHERED
CABLE,"
"THE
PAPERS,
THIRD
OF
EXPERT
THE
FOR
POULTRY
PAPERS
AND
C.G.A.
EDITION.
Copyright.)
(Registered
s"
%
^^
^p-
vVa
Yours
truly,
W.
%
VALE.
40
o
e
S5
CONTENTS.
Ipart
VALE'S
HYGIENIC
How
to
Prepare Site
How
to
Construct
1.
POULTRY-HOUSE.
Illustration
IPart
FOOD
AND
7-1"
2.
FEEDING.
of
Food, Function
Digestion of
Analyses of
Grit
and
Shells
Water
"
Feeding
,,
Constituents
of
to
,,
Stock
Breeding
Increase
Notes
duction
Pro-
Egg
,,
on
"
Animal
Matter
,,
Insect
,,
Fatten
Poultry
Ailing Poultry
to
,,
,,
Soft
Chickens
"
,,
Vegetable
Green
,,
Poultry
"art
SELECTION
Notes
Old
on
Food
OF
Eng. Game
3.
BREEDS-FOWLS.
Fowl
Notes
on
Fowl
Langshan
Indian
Game
Houdan
Fowl
Fowl
,,
Fowl
Plymouth Rock
Fowl
Orpington
Scotch
Grey Fowl
,,
"_
,,
Fowl
Brahma
17-3"
Redcap Fowl
Fowl
Hamburgh
Leghorn Fowl
Minorca
Fowl
,,
Fowl
Andalusian
Wyandotte
Dorking Fowl
A
part
HATCHING
Eggs,
AND
Stock, Selection
Breeding
of
Broody Hens, Receiving
Method
,,
to
Method
of
Set
,,
Packing
Hens,
Testing
Travelling
Selection
of
Breaking
Coops
Setting
for
,,
Chickens, Food
for
of
"
Food
,,
,,
REARING.
Preserve
Number
37-51
4.
,,
to
,,
Broody
Classification
of
Selection
How
Fowl
"
the
for
Shell
53.5S
CONTENTS.
Ipart 5.
TURKEYS.
PROFITABLE
Turkeys, Where
,,
How
to
House
How
to
Select
How
to
Feed
How
to
Fatten
"
,,
to Construct
,,
Food
Value
How
of
Ducklings,
of
of
59-62
...
How
to
Feed
How
to
Fatten
.
,,
Young
Stock, How
to
Ducks, How
to
Feed
Feed
of
Diseases
Ducks,
Eggs
Prevention
Hatch
to
Chicks, Dehcacy
Stock
of
"
Ducklings,
Rear
6.
to Construct
Pond,
House, How
Ducks, Selection
"
to
DUCKS.
Construct
to
Feed
,,
Diseases
PROFITABLE
How
Set
to
,,
,,
part
Yard, How
to
Chicks, How
Chicks, How
"
"
Duck
How
Turkeys, Eggs,
Keep
to
of
,,
,,
63-72
part
7.
PROFITABLE
Geese,
Breeds
How
How
How
to
,,
Geese, How
Keep
to Select
to Feed
,,
,,
to
GEESE.
How
of Farm
of Farm
Feeding
of Food
Fuel
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
and
Grit
Buildings
Stock
73-7+
FARMING.
of Labour
Rent
Stocking
General
Management
Treatment
of Broody
Cost
Feed
8.
Cost
Introductory
System
to
Fatten
POULTRY
of
House
to Hatch
Eggs,
Goslings, How
part
Selection
to
Extension
Method
Hens
Advice
of
of
to
System
Development
Buyers
Disposalof Pure-bred
Advertising
in Eggs
Blood
Egg, Eating
Stock
75-88
INTRODUCTORY.
'Tp^HIS
work
is
chiefly
acquired during
"
examination
of
founded
extensive
an
dead
poultry
information
on
in the
experience
and
feathered
other
creatures.
which
Subjects
find
Poultry"
be
better
only
are
place
no
understood,
in
this
and
by
careful
a
In
to
fair
be
be
order
which
This
is
should
of
can
them
Shows
the
I
not
give
study
and
in the
them
and
unsuitable
this should
fowls
of
is the chief
as
be
to
make
made
While
studying
the
became
evident
to
a
clear
me
the best
of
so
is
of
profit.
that
every
of
when
only
then
obtained.
how
poultry
the
qualityonly."
much
it is of
as
because
suitability,
of disease,
predisposing cause
diseases
can
frequently hears
quality
to
creatures
knowledge
One
point
The
the
regards
as
food
of
of stock,
generally not
principal element
is the
poultry, so
my
kind.
food
case
kind
experience, and
and
is
housed.
question
a
This
essential
and
fed
any
requirements
especially the
"
quantity
the
much
is most
be
remark,
which
they
regarding
relating to
matter
is necessary.
managed
acquired by
is
because
at
successfullymanage
to
knowledge
that
It
exhibits
"Fancy
poultry papers.
current
a
of
perusal
book
information
obtained, by studying the
with
connected
failure
in
managing
It is necessary
keeper
feathered
they
of
that
poultry.
creatures
were
fed
it
with
certain
foodstuffs
become
to
diseased
These
facts
of
domestic
in
order
is
the
how
the
have
to
a
food
and
feeding
special study
of
fed
be
conclusions
under
arrived
at
pages.
for
those
knowledge
of
necessary
fair
cure.
should
the
and
to
subject
they
following
essentially
stock
who
the
manage
symptoms
disease.
In
this
of
that
so
discourse
The
been
in
in
out
It
of
became
liable
most
were
the
known,
becoming
ascertain
they
difficult
more
circumstances,
set
live
and
birds
to
varying
are
generously,
too
little
the
diseases
the
reader
when
of
system
The
the
of
symptoms,
poultry
and
words
housing
found
will
described
make
the
be
ment
treat-
briefly,
puzzled
advocated
to
and
causes
are
be
not
may
few
a
fairly tried,
every
work
by
a
subject
is
that
one
long
clear.
has
advantageous
most
respect.
of
system
of
management
effective
method
Tower
House,
a
poultry-farming
single
of
pen
of
development
is
based
fowls, and
a
is made
Norwood.
simple
clear.
W.
South
on
VALE.
the
and
PART
I.
FOWL-
HOW
TO
HOUSES:
CONSTRUCT
THEM
HYGIENIC
ON
PRINCIPLES.
GENERAL
DIRECTIONS.
commencing
B()EFORE
detail,
picture
and
V
direct
a
of the
rays
time
advisable
brick-rubble, clinkers,
covered
be
earth.
By laying
with
rats
the
For
fowl-house,
remark
that
that
is, such
the
as
two
days
avoid
be
suitable
will
be
able
intention
make
a
wish
are
to
go
to
is in
or
low
it is
of
bed
foundation
ballast
of
one
or
part
ashes, moistened
or
and
it has
directions
In
a
composed
proof
who
year.
lie
coke-dust,
breeze,
of it when
long
low
This
the
as
by laying down
ashes,
to
for
lies
material.
of
parts
that
so
the
ground
mixture
a
damp
be
the
done
of
when
appear
run
that
one
should
be
my
should
shortest
will
following
it is not
covered
layer of
of those
guidance
it will
the
surface
inches
three
through
foxes
mice
nor
a
and
floor
the
;
can
the
on
quicklime
gas-tar,
neither
the
other
or
into
to
This
with
should
powdered
shine
damp
it,
raise
to
how
plan every
place it, if convenient,
to
during
to
fowl-house,
a
mind
your
site, endeavour
subject
way
in
will
sun
possible
as
selecting the
any
careful
Be
completed.
build
to
vermin
road
proof, for
through,
nor
set.
their
construct
given, and
into
too
I
here
may
trivial
own
details,
understood.
FOOTINGS.
The
much
more
building
should
durable
and
stand
a
on
tenant's
footings, which
fixture.
Those
would
on
the
make
outside
it
Q
Z
H
"
"
2
CO
Door,
^
X
GRASS
GROUND
PLAN
DETACHED
OF
PLAT.
DETACHED
FOWL-HOUSE.
FOWL-HOUSE.
a
J
CO
that
"
is,exposed
bricks
bound
with
their
and
pointing
inner
ends.
with
their
and
cement
sides
underneath
By
thus,
will be formed
the
angle
laying
uprights carrying
wire-work
will be
water
running
angle
and
the
much
position,or
blocks
house
outside.
the
faced
were
and
inner. walls
of wood.
laid
A
the
down
of
consist
be formed
gutter may
to
in
any
the outside
on
the roof.
fallingfrom
footings, proceed
a
footings
laid
bricks
work
brickhave
The
durable.
more
and
it would
any
in the
caught
angle
cement
off the water
carry
will be
If the
with
may
and
boards
uprights, consequently
wire-work
be
The
stand.
the
construct
illustrated.
as
To
off
building to
Having
will
or
on
FOOTINGS.
BRICK
in which
building
appearance
the
bricks
the boards
outside
underneath
the
of the
run
better
of the
the
them
the outside
down
must
on
on
their
downwards
(seesketch).
an
them
also be laid
sides
overlappingthose
them
across
should
broadest
or
or
Bind
laid
These
of concrete
consist
downwards
outwards.
bricks
should
"
used, lay
are
broadest
with
together
weather
with
together
If bricks
mortar.
the
to
front
the
construct
two
inches
Let
into
of
the
halving
that
piece
be
"
that
JOINED
(juARTERiNG
tops of them
quartering
to
thcy
is, cutting
long.
section
a
joined together
flush
be
similar
another
feet
sixteen
shall
long, for uprights.
five feet
and
square
pieces of quartering,
four
section, use
each
with
Do
this
out
of
inch
one
piece
by
each
deep,
so
joined
when
HALVING
BY
(seesketch).
piece
The
be
should
three
one
be attached
nearer
the
fifth
door
and
its top side
feet
eight
the
the
may
end
from
side of the
of the
be
nine
uprights
inches
inner
centre
piece
the
Place
run,
used
of the
form
will
long
rail,another
bottom
a
let in with
uprights.
the
A
As
section.
front
feet
sixteen
run,
to
one
the
which
divide
to
piece
give
at
top
left front, to
and
the
the
one
feet
of the
which
the
long
the bottoms
end
each
rail of
sixteen
from
inches
pen,
to
the
of
rails,
should
thirty-threeinches
door
should
distance
increased
be
hinged.
between
strength
the
to
the
frame-work,
fastened
to
of
should
is
make
reach
suitable
more
door
inches, and
pen
with
should
of the front of it.
whole
fourths
front
of
their
an
and
sixteen
and
attach
made
bolts
by nailing
sections
end
and
the
should
be
fixed
Fix
long.
rail
the
The
eighteen
made
in
inches
similar
a
from
from
the
the
manner,
pieces
the
meet
two
to
inches
eighteen
on
back
matchboards
be
along
doors
fastenings.
to
in the
threeshirting-hoard
a
other
as
of the
wire-work
the bottom
half-inch
so
quartering
front
the
below
feet
mesh
by thirty-three
and
piece should
One
of
wood
other
or
feet
small
a
larger
a
cover
with
thick
pieces of quartering being
back
space
inch
of the boards
The
top.
The
of
covered
pieces of quartering.
bottoms
door
a
be
be
can
Next
should
hinges
section
the
fit
with
pieces
four
be
wire-work.
wire-work, and
bottom
the
which
it with
cover
With
ways.
which
wire-work,
than
appearance
in many
frame,
the
Wire-work
rail.
be
can
long
just sufficiently
fasten
the front
better
frame-work
nails
wire
the bottom
a
This
roof.
or
To
below
it has
best,
the
screws
clenching.
not
is
and
with
the
to
support
together
allow
mesh
and
the
on
section.
ROOF.
and
The
roof
four
and
each
end,
down
over
the
for
the
be
sections
fastened
common
tacks.
lime
to
each
will slack
in the tar
of this black
as
gallon
It is advisable
is
The
width.
that
calico
the calico is tacked
Then
fine
get
powder.
of gas-tar,
and
make
should
applied,give
to
on
it
be
a
will
which
A
the
be
the
near
just
roof
suitable
very
fastened
down
boards,
a
pound
of this
gradually stirringit
it hot.
the
with
saturate
quicklime freshlyburnt,
some
Add
on
one
all the boards
they
nails.
or
is unbleached
putting
pieces of quartering
house,
screws
near
and
pen,
have
to
of the
of
thick
together tightly,but
end
varnish,which
the varnish
fit them
not
each
When
a
In
run.
so
means
inch
an
and
placed
boards
it into
shelter
be
boiling gas-tar.
pound
of the
should
at
by
for the
and
and
about
pieces of quartering, one
covered
the
dry, do
very
roof
covering
it with
of
boards
to
outside
expansion.
of the
ends
can
are
nailed
the
centre
with
made
wide
thickness
above
inside
half
be
down
one
room
of the
the
a
if they
boards,
allow
should
Give
kept
good
the
well
coat
in.
roof
powdered
The
a
stirred.
of breeze
good
As
or
lime
coat
soon
sand,
which
will form
burnt
and
varnish
fiery,and
makes
Another
On
the
fine
will
last
found.
vvhole
have
put it
it
and
the
good
the
on
The
roof
very
boiling tar,
of
coat
little of
and
hot.
is
best breeze
a
the
on
of
pound
boiling
surface
looking
the
care,
a
calico
sand.
the
freshly-
waterproof.
the lime, melt
requires
of
is
lime
ordinary
and
wood-work
coat
of either
or
neater
a
of
a
dried, a lightcoat
using
giving
By
coke.
"
should
of
of breeze
coat
life-time,and
a
If the
with
done
of tar, and
annually
The
house
work
Instead
good
a
siftingsfrom
composition
the
"
gallon
this throw
the calico.
on
calico non-combustible
Method.
in each
pitch
concrete
a
either
either
it
"
could
not
be
outside
of
the
that
has
when
composition.
SHELTER.
The
piece
should
flush
with
rest
the
the ends
that
To
quartering.
along
of the
fixed to meet
it,so
the
on
fixed
be
back
and
of the
SHELTER
OF
The
nest
roosting
broken
egg
nests
in the
is
egg-eaters)
side
be
not
placed.
inches
up.
shelf
boxes, which
The
fowls.
three
bottom
section
and
roosting shelf
fillet
be
may
can
be
in all parts
matchboarding
SHELF.
nest
rather
The
best
in diameter,
to
are
cut
Over
made
in two
the
top
of
prevent egg-eating by the
dark
(the common
easily seen.
forms
matchboard
designed
in
are
of
made
are
PERCHES.
WITH
ROOSTING
may
with
house.
SECTION
the
of the
end
The
give greater strength, a
bottom
the top and
the
piece on
made
be
together by pieces of quartering.
held
matchboards
shelter should
the
angular piece forming
places, consequently
of
cause
the
out
and
fowls
roosting
of
a
fixed
becoming
shelf
larch
with
a
perches
pole,
about
the
round
BOXES.
NEST
These
shelf.
should
be
are
two
There
which
entered
are
from
roosting shelf),front
the
box
a
roosting
minute
"c.
When
and
on
the
so
as
shelter.
SECTION
(the
quently
conse-
of each
nest
the
nest,
principle,the
this
removed
in
crevice
of every
one
being
of this is obvious.
advantage
NEST
nests,
top
inspect
to
on
will allow
WITH
of
front
lifted and
be
can
The
SHELTER
OF
able
be
the
bottom,
nor
In
ground.
This
lime- washed.
thoroughly
back
no
central
a
to
go
consists
Each
to
to
pass
constructed
boxes
nest
the
to
sides ; but
door,
shelf
from
and
small
eggs,
remove
have
behind.
is made
nest
make
fowls
the
of
side
each
on
one
roosting
of the
underside
the
to
of them,
which
through
space,
attached
BOXES
POSITION.
IN
PEN.
From
the
matchboards,
half
front
to
construct
half of the
the
suitable
for
will
be
one,
which
is very
her
chicks
in when
can
be
through
to
on
suitable
the
birds
of prey,
hatched.
pen
the
shelter,fix
the
a
A
the
on
they
The
pen.
and
half
well
as
hen
upper
and
hinged
of the
keeping
are
chicks
the
very
small,
outside, to protect
pen
lower
the
as
her
and
piece
horse-shoe-shaped
allow
the
platform, and
a
upper
small
When
to
wire
a
from
them
pass
run
cats,
"c.
PLATFORM
In
settinga
house, with
platform
purposes
to
skirting-hoard
grass.
be fitted to the
can
for
by
The
doors.
two
the
the
at
across
variety of
a
of the
out
cut
form
to
half
lower
the
partition cut
half
back
from
of the
front
form
partition to
a
divided
be
may
of the shelter to the
corner
back
FOR
corner
of the
platform about
pieces of quartering
WATER
at
covered
three
the
VESSEL.
feet
end
run,
by
and
two
back
and
opposite to
feet.
of the
It
can
run
rest
and
the
on
one
14
weather
glance
mere
of
without
This
and
fruit
kinds
food
be
may
yield
ground
the
be
fowls
would
by
allowed
keep
down
and
planted,
after
to
the
the
to
that
pests
few
fruiting
they
years
the
pay
range
best
a
of
rent
The
the
ground
them.
each
the
from
the
the
fowls,
fruit
the
trees
if
and
occasionally
damage
a
dwelling-house
poultry-houses.
manure
on
run
insect
fruit
the
of
some
of
Between
of
sisting
con-
by
ends
the
connect
of
system
connected
bottom
apple-trees
were
them
this
Ranges
be
A
it.
to
that
can
and
to
quantity
by
were
made
situation
nourished
houses
top
standard
sufficient
a
evident
poultry-houses.
If
occupied
could
the
to
be
the
grown.
suitable
the
exposed
extension.
fowl-
across
with
it
unlimited
such
be
to
makes
of
could
way
stores
plan
of
running
covered
having
allows
number
any
way
should
ground
poultry
of
covered
the
at
housing
attendant
the
they
and
trees.
EXPENSE.
The
each
less
glass
whole
of
fowl-house,
than
boxes,
wood-work;
purchased,
demolishing
the
material
"c.,
run,
In
pounds.
two
old
also
for
old
complete,
large
floor-boards,
bolts,
very
little,
dwelling-houses
from
other
men
and
for
material,
and
doors,
other
odds
who
make
selling
the
of
construction
purchased
suitable
towns
and
the
be
can
old
hinges,
for
required
old
and
much
such
timber
ends
a
materials.
business
as
for
can
be
of
15
i6
17
PART
FOOD
II.
AND
FEEDING.
INTRODUCTION.
JAWING
the
to
senders
stating the
fed
the
to
myself, that they
a
which
food
of
as
this
food
only
which
fact made
hindrance
In order
to
had
the
as
it clear
been
examiner,
whole,
a
to
a
The
of
course
tained
con-
in
this
how
the
undergoing change.
That
was
too
of
subject
a
been
the
exclusively
poultry.
to
have
FOOD.
is, all livingbodies
which
of
the
of its functions.
and
is
living creature
every
but
it is necessary
so
OF
continuallyby physical agents
disease,
management
be
can
of food
that
effect of
result has
feeding
cause
FUNCTION
known
the
large proportion of starchy matter
success
of the nature
THE
is well
a
that
of disease
predisposing
understand
knowledge
It
that
contain
chief
the
greatest
fair
which
to
which,
predisposing cause
a
ample proof
foodstuffs
is not
a
fed with
evident
required thorough investigation.
collection
with
foodstuffs
became
soon
been
discovery of
unsuitable
of the
large proportion of starchy matter.
very
The
ation
subjectsfor post-mortem examin-
names
subjects,it
had
of
cause
constantly
being
are
loss
or
acted
wasting
on
of
the tissues.
of food
It is the function
body, and
this
provide
without
for the
injury to
required proportions
devoured.
process
To
of
make
organ
the
of
of
the
constituents
this matter
digestionand
replace this loss, build
reproduction
any
of
to
nutrition
clear,a
in
the
species.
body, only
of
brief
poultryis
food
up
To
the
do
about
the
should
be
of
description
necessary.
the
i8
THE
PROCESS
All
substances
membraneous
down
In
time,
the food
the
quantitiesof
successive
pulp.
From
the
which
is
stomach,
longer
a
is
a
gullet,
and
all substances
with
supplied
into
with
a
or
more
first pass
into
secrete
the
which
glands
is
crop
gizzard
for conversion
the crop
shorter
or
The
digestion.
stomach
the
its contents
less nutritive
for
of
rate
hopper, supplying
a
of the
enlargement
an
remain
the
upon
crop, which
in the
the stomach.
to
passes
depends
like
merely
all substances
crop
which
merely
and
NUTRITION.
AND
first rest
swallowed
pouch,
which
DIGESTION
OP
gastricjuice.
This
fluid softens
^ction of
the
substances
a
forces
the
to
grinding
most
fluid
into the intestines.
in
the
its contents,
the
bile and
other
mixed
digestion,are
with
which
into
fluid,which
more
gland
in the
of material
and
nutritive
should
and
body,
suitable
each
for
is formed
blood
substance
is
freelycirculate
in solution
should
substance
which
is
is present
deposited in
This
element
an
in
the liver and
being
the
disorganizationof
chicks
infertile,
from
disease
As
matter
a
shell, and
birds
of
cases
case,
various
a
very
fact,the
of
This
organs
organs
may
soon
it the
the
and
quantity
swallowed,
its bulk
death, even
in excessive
take
after
the
any
an
though
element
be
may
quantities.
readily understood
how
place, eggs
prove
hatching,and
death
amongst
infertile eggs,
early mortality,are
and
quantitieswhich
is because
occurrence
majorityof
being unsuitablyfed.
tissue
quantity required
be
common
into
maintaining
of
cause
the
or
the
converted
every
from
assist
from
pulp
means
into it in
it may
die in the shell
be
of
other
which
is absorbed
the substances
of food.
excess
opening
functions.
if continuous, eventuallybe the
may,
that
or
up,
be absorbed
may
the
through
its natural
from
by
abstract
building it
enabling it to perform
The
the
less
or
This
tlood.
all
it,
presses
valvular
a
secretions
gizzard, the greater portion of
a
reducing
gizzard
portions through
There,
of
process
for
speciallyadapted
for the
them
prepares
pulp.
In addition
and
is
gizzard,which
to
and
substances
most
chicks
result of the
poultry.
dead
in
parent
19
During late
these
on
which
a
contained
some
the
subjects,and
he
produced infertile eggs
whole,
In
the writer
years
same
liver
four,or
cases
for
person
the
was
the chicks
kidneys and
livers.
recent
of
yoke
of the
all the
information
to
ascertain
the most
It is most
whether
they
Therefore
are
annexed
almost
fowls
food
which,
starchy matter.
have
from
as
been
and
by
sent
the
in each
The
disorganized
week
a
which
they
or
were
being disorganized.
FOODSTUFFS.
chemists
now
we
have
able
are
to
been
pushing
lay our
hands
organic substance, by
any
of stock
the
In
science
places
that
several
attached
be
many
eagerly and
method
of management.
suitable
a
fed
poultry
to
is
know
or
not.
of most
given
on
the
of the results
average
an
diet
constituents
of the
act
in order
command,
our
keepers of poultry should
figures represent
chemists.
eminent
table
seize
successful
estimate
may
at
their stock
supplying to
which
should
we
practicaland
important
The
table.
analyses by
various
the
substances
diyided
are
:
"
Proteids.
Flesh-forming
"
which
matter,
hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, sulphur, and,
It is of these
elements
Amyloids.
"
which
consist
elements
without
matter
the
shell have
egg
enthusiastic
approximate
an
foodstuffs
the
into
OF
the management
on
of
that
men.
In
of
ence
correspond-
find in chickens
to
years
analysis
eminent
chicks
in the
occurrence
organic analyses, and
the
of
cent,
this is the result of the liver
During
on
fed with
been
fiftyper
dead
ANALYSES
forward
ascertained
very young
found
of the
most
hatched, and
has
post-mortem examination,
common
a
old
more
more,
much
very
subject of fatty(amyloid)degeneration.
majorityof
It is
had
had
than
more
has
sugar,
of carbon, oxygen
being present
having
is fed to
any
tissues
that the animal
Starch,
and
and
in fats and
amyloids.
of oxygen,
rule,phosphorus.
a
formed.
are
each
are
gum
hydrogen.
amyloids,
Owing
to
proteids,poultry will
When
poultrythe kidneys
as
consists
are
an
excess
of
overtaxed, and
these
thrive
amyloid
a
deposit
takes
to
place in important
health.
(N.B.
"become
These
"
stored
future
of metals.
creature's
any
as
woody
In
grain
of
atom
one
which
elements,
when
may
readilyburnt
and
system,
stored
at
forms
up,
a
mass.
this
under
figures
heading
fibre,alkalies,salts,and
and
injurious
vigour depend.)
and
amyloid matter,
The
"
less
or
form
cannot
heat-producing
; but
Solids.
such
matter
easily soluble
not
Other
"waste
in
up
more
proves
strength
are
time
and
cheesy
which
tissue,on
Fats.
some
Amyloid
"
muscular
and
organs,
seeds
it is
represent
quantities
minute
such
chieflywaste,
woody
as
"bre.
Water.
food
of
are
Large quantitiesof
"
specialvalue,
solids, consequently
overfed
being
B.t
the
underfed
and
order
In
"constitutes
found
a
in
first
fat of
the
chick
The
and
of the
of
process
A
about
suitable
fifteen
The
the food.
of
underfed
and
too
great
of
overfed
are
a
portion
pro-
flesh-forming
with
the
of other
In order
proved
for the
after
just before
should
of
should
it is
chick, where
the
force until
The
yolk
an
the
supply
a
diet in
a
chick,
obtain
these
contains
egg
would
consist
proteids,thirty of amyloids
fiftyof
into the
of food.
elements
solids, and
shell.
subjected to
nourish
of
into
the
tube
a
it is able to
yolk
chick
its shell.
from
through
fact
the
be absorbed
it emerges
pass
the
the
from
emerging
ordinary conditions
to
is to be
contain
to
nourishment
proteidsin
of
to what
as
This
required.
is
yolk, which
and
opinion
right proportions by
the
of the necessary
cent,
is
which
hours
sac
diet under
per
being
correct
fairly
ordinary foodstuffs.
proportion
"combined,five
with
in
hatched
supplies heat
from
exact
yolk
newly-
a
egg,
an
its navel
digestion.
the fat
powers
of
is in the
of the
proportion
satisfied without
proportion
a
standard
food, a
of food
egg
there
the
the other.
twenty-four
through
contents
intestine
the
an
the
be overfed
may
them, they
to
naturally provided
"during the
filled and
small
too
be able to form
yolk
be
is,through
with
suitable
decrease
Poultry
supplied
elements
it is
The
to
the
necessary
that
food
they
may
solids.
fat-formingand
in the
matter
creatures
time, that
same
of
"one
with
because
with
in combination
water
water,
nearly
in
and
of
fats
combination
these
proper-
tions,a glance
the table of constituents
at
form
portion of
considerable
a
in
about
one
fed to
poultry.
and
eight
NOTES
Wheat.
economical
breeding from,
it.
in
matter
For
it is
this purpose
of
but
bursting,
until
not
fatten
but
them,
from
breeding
for
and
it becomes
wheat
laying,
proportionof starchy matter.
diet
constitution,may
A
show
not
because
for
point
the
point
regards
kept
are
a
unsuitable
an
of sound
poultry, being
their
for
large
too
effect of
ill eifects,
but
birds
feeding
which
The
"
for
the
As
it contains
flock of
any
on
for
starchy
used
on
it is
suitable
for those
(N.B.
evident.
always
is not
of
glutinous.
is most
suitable
not
until
be boiled
little
kept
when
it until it is
very
very
large percentage
soak
to
is
birds
to
it is excellent, and
it should
quality,large full-bodied
to
the
advantage
Then
germinating.
of
fattening
an
usually-
food
it contains
sparinglyfed
be very
account
on
fifth,and
-a
the diet
grain
this
fattening,because
should
but
matter,
Waste
for
employ
to
and
in three
FOODSTUFFS.
feeding poultry,
In
"
ON
to
proportion of
necessary
one
that
will have
matter
proportionin
half is the
a
animal
The
it.
solids of the diet is
in the
proteids
of
and
vegetable, vegetable roots,
green
it evident
makes
progeny
are
likelyto.)
Rye.
The
"
above
is rather
clean and
"
Ergot
of this
of
dark
feeding
estimated
When
"
value
from
of this
grain
average
quality.
in the
quantityof digestiblematter
same
difference
in
thirteen
percentage
of
medium
an
for
much
grain,
poultry
above
that
see
Russian
cent.
much
more
quality.
purchasing this grain.
seven
There
an
it is
substances
alone
should
below
great variation
ranges
barley contains
Small
of view
cent,
samples
of
barley.
from
the
about
highest
barleycontains, proportionatel
matter
indigestible
This
point
per
is very
in various
flesh-formingelements
per
economical
is about
flesh-formingmatter.
very
barley of
this
food
a
purplish-coloured,horn-shaped
of the
five to
as
barley, and
purchasing
maize
The
grain
cornutum).
(secale
Barley.
the
When
free from
"
value
good sample
a
sample.
average
"
feeding
be borne
than
does
in mind
even
when
23
Oats.
than
This
"
grain
other, because
any
be fed to
may
of the
poultry much
large percentage
it, preventing poultry being over-fed.
When
quality
per
it contains
substances,and
than
more
of course; the
decreased.
low
It is not
of
cent,
allow
of
fairlygood qualitycontain
addition
of
production
and
had
the
the other
wheat
and
matter
shows
the
they
are
is
owing
and
the
A
of
grain.
medium
have
oats
Ground
would
Oats.
with
be
them
as
animals
an
state.
undigested
grain for
their
cooked
mixing
with
purpose
ground
with
pea
comparatively
sweetness
damaged.
of
kind
any
the
This
feeding
that
see
contains
oat
forms
fed
the
best
partlywith
and
grain
for fowls
flour
bean
very
much
other
valuable
Therefore
and
grinding
them
an
advantage
to
except for the purpose
of
however,
soft
suitable
cooked
Ground
and
properties,
creatures
other
it through
it is
for
advisable
form
to
cheaper.
those
waste
oats
and
for
means
are
there
ground
horse
portion of
It is not,
nearly so
not
are
natural
a
poultry
for themselves
The
grain.
prevent this
them.
that
recommending
with
vegetables
oats
or
in
frequentlypass
To
fact
grinding grain
provided
not
are
in
up
waste
it,when
are
of
those
fed with
full-bodied
for the
for the whole
do
grind
than
selecting oats
poultrywhich
of wisdom
substitute
which
grind
which
quantity
flock
substances, and
it not
for
organ
this class of food
an
of
eggs
-Were
"
show
some
a
with
one
agreeable flavour.
an
provided
The
In
sized
greatest proportion of nutrient
food.
excellent
containingmore
the
the
of starchymatter.
sufficiency
a
products
with
; but
starchymatter
Yet
space.
per
sufficient to
the
of over-feedingwith
liability
thin-skinned.
staple grain
twice
the latter
to
more
than
more
great
grain
the
This
eight
quality,the fowls
about
consume
a
for
freelyfed,the
of average
of
food
a
vegetable, an
were
greater proportion of
have
with
wheat
occupying
would
oats
with
a
oats.
and
flocks of fowls
would
digestibleand
fed with
of meat
as
quite
of eggs
is proportionatel
oats
about
is not
fair number
a
daily supply
a
diet is provided. If two
oats
of
indigestible
purchase
to
good
grain
their value
flesh-forming
elements, which
for the
of
in
matter
of average
of the
advisable
above
of waste
cent,
feeding value
grade, the ruling pricesbeing
poultry. Those
to
twenty
freely
more
food, and
as
for this
middlings
bined
com-
vegetables,which
corn
becomes
soon
more
are
loses
or
naturally provided
its
less
with
24
of
means
grindingtheir
healthy poultry
certain
is of very
Maize.
stock, but
not
employed
will
This
are
on
a
of their
Malt
are
kept
not
exceed
soft
food, but
whole
bulk
Dari.
to
not
This
"
for
This
its
a
time.
Maize
not
not
can-
be
places,but
the
stock
to
given
to
and
corn
of their food.
bulk
than
portion
given
be
whole
they
when
It may
it
inviting
an
considerable
it may
are
of
small
mixing
about
with
one-fifth
the
of the
produce
firmness
plumage
in dark
Hempseed.
grain
and
Tares.
of
because
"
furnishingnatural
increased
be recommended
as
quantity of starchy
dearness.
Some
much
samples
This
When
"
they
coloured
small
excessive
varies very
of
any
of flesh
wintry weather, because
a
can
in
quality.
The
of the dark-coloured
good quality.
quantity
advantage,
which
of the
in colour.
Peas, Beans,
an
less
for them
time.
extent
comparative
This
"
is silver grey
outlay for
and
is very suitable for
foodstuff
a
poultry,because
buckwheat
with
the
greater
is not
in it and
price a
one-half
freely
of it.
Buckwheat.
best
when
liver in
food
confined
in rather
a
the
forage for
other
any
"
which
fattening fowls, because
weather
wintry
at
sparinglyto breeding
yellow
a
left to
are
Dust.
Sprout
for
serviceable
very
freelythan
should
matter
a
cold
which
food
it is
food.
fowls
food
a
fat to have
and
more
meal
and
free range,
birds
fed
be
post-mortemevidence.
on
as
In
into
grain ground
large wheat,
as
is founded
but
appearance,
of the
disorganization of
cause
flesh
the
should
so
recommended
causes
a
much
conclusion
be
foodstuff
so
stock
breeding
to
later,by the excessive
or
Most
than
corn
quality.
poor
This
"
in it.
Besides,
so.
digest more
freelyfed
ruined,sooner
quantity of starchy matter
meal
and
up
and
ground
become
to
grind
to
it is
When
they require.
they are
able
are
do
certainly
grain should
own
are
and
obtainable
these
so
may
at a
reasonable
fed
to
be
poultry
highly nitrogenous. They
improve
the
colour
and
gloss
of
fowls.
is
an
excellent
of the
heat.
yieldof eggs.
large proportion
Though
quantityfed
foodstuff
to
it is
for chickens
of
oily fat
in
in it
comparatively dear
laying hens
may
be
paid back
the
in
25
Middlings
the
"
dressingsfrom
price it is
with
pea
bean
or
meal
Barley-meal.
whole
rather
suitable
very
poultry.
Oatmeal.
economical
with
Rice.
it.
This
"
in this state
equal
to
for
suitable
more
Potato.
feeding
value
this
invitingappearance.
the
wasters
stock.
breeding
even
are
with
be used
a
be
be
used
to
feed
fed
the whole
as
considered
an
chickens,
them
to
for fattening
them.
to
to
in
sparinglyon
egg
rice.
of
given
be
not
to
large quantity
given
in
chickens
value
and
and
or
Of
is
cooked
excellent
nearly
advisable
Small
when
the flesh
the
course
household
and
relish.
a
than
more
cooked
in
reason
vegetables
production.
It is not
to
as
for this
are
feeding poultry,except
are
of water,
chickens
to
feeding
meal, meat,
they give
the
It is neither
price
very
promoting
and
from
qualityas
average
feedingvalue
be
vegetable when
meal, because
with
combined
vegetables.
same
of potatoes,
potatoes
purpose
a
These
"
mixing
potatoes for the purpose
For
when
its
large proportion of starchymatter
of the
cooked
as
this and
to
in
should
weight
This
"
should
quantity maybe
soft food for
form
high
it absorbs
their
twice
to
a
nature.
Grains.
Brewers'
food
this may
same
little may
It
small
a
owing
quicklyif freelyfed
uncooked
cooked
the
is too
poultry because
When
qualitycontains
into meal.
quantityof
creatures
heating
to
foodstuff.
usually of
milk.
given
are
comparative feeding value, but
same
small
a
and
cooked
usually ground
This
"
of its
other
It is
food, but
porridge
account
A
"
fattens
grain, but
finest
this is of the
economical
Maize-meal.
and
meat,
or
is
grain
nor
The
names
economical
an
it is of the
grain
inferior
and
When
"
the
other
flesh-formingmatter,
suitable
a
and
flour.
wheaten
fair percentage of
low
These
Sharps.
"
supply
potatoes
cooked
and
fat
parings
be
may
not
are
to
so
a
of the
to
same
purchase
fatten them.
and
very
mixed
delicate
of potatoes
utilized
to
and
feed
fatteningas large
ones.
Cabbage.
rape,
be too
contains
"
Each
valuable
of the
varieties
saline and
strongly recommended
as
a
of the
mineral
food.
cabbage, including
substances,and
cannot
26
Grass.
of
"stuff,
When
"
which
Onions.
"
combined
"oil,
"contain
and
young
poultrycannot
have
The
kindred
onion
with
and
acetic
vegetable matter,
and
food-
excellent
an
much.
too
sulphur, which
phosphoric acid,
valuable
this is
tender
vegetables contain
makes
They
foetid.
them
acrid
an
also
acid, citrate of liine,and
consequently
are
excellent
most
a
very
food.
Vegetable Roots.
the winter
for
either
foodstuffs,
valuable
-very
when
:much
of
they
as
Animal
Matter
and
it may
necessary
that
food,
obtain
to
dried
Bone.
contain
too
birds
male
induced
or
to
Insect
as
food
a
they
of
form
a
proportion of
when
animal
"
of
vegetable
found
and
food
substance
them
in
It is certain
crops.
to be
a
which
noticed
very
damage
that
the
interestingto
on
In Africa
thousands
but
insects,their
I have
come
upon
food
they
larvae,and
and
scratch
other
chickens
not
some
crops,
the roots
and
where
any
I shot
food
chief
shells.
fields of
round
and
insect
the
were
land
on
miles,
many
condition,with
and
fruit,
watch
larva
shrubby bushes,
within
seen
that where
they always
time
any
variety
plump
trees,
at
be
in
of insects,their
consisted
would
Fowls
bone
cut
for
be over-estimated, because
great service in riddingorchards
is
of
laying,but
be suitable
to
laying.
as
shells,
food.
nothing growing
was
paratively
com-
known
are
when
salts
guinea-fowl busily engaged foraging for
there
is
and
value
poultry cannot
complete
economical
in it.
matter
The
selves
them-
which
meat,
poultry
lime
not
large quantity
a
It is very
cannot
the butcher's
for
suitable
for females
Food.
for
a
from
bones
very
great
eat
of the
account
are
granulated
perfect
a
It is most
insect food.
as
that
poultry
to
as
all foodstuffs.
Fresh
"
bone, and
they
given
sold
meat
cheapest of
the
:green
be
good supply of
a
purchase
Green
it should
is almost
large quantities.
rather
supplied in
eat
to
day.
This
"
excellent
are
fowls
the
of the
(Meat, "o.).
be
Swedes
scarce.
whole
the
during
"c., are
carrots,
uncooked, especiallyin
or
(ora net)for
feeding cage
will
cooked
vegetable is
green
in the
placing
Swedes, mangel-wurzel,
"
some
in their
part of their
Fowls
prove
of the
and
green
of
parasites
it may
of old trees.
be
It
ducklings pursuing
27
insects,and
frames
and
suitable
a
which
bone,
Meat
substitute,and
is
is very
into very
broken, and
birds.
food
There
are
do
with
produced
adopt
phosphate
should
when
of
be
freshly
the
male
surprisingthat
system
little trouble
very
able
consider-
a
injuriousto
it is
in which
ways
digested.
Bone
the fowls
to
prove
some
and
and
substances.
of great value
not
variety of
a
carbonate
it may
soft spongy
contains
besides
tO'
necessary
gizzard
bone
sufficient
a
and
spongy
pieces and given
being
very
is meat
in the
valuable
or
freely,
too
fowls
keep
matter,
other
small
not
Insect
who
their
developing
obtain
cannot
best
up
Fresh
nourishing.
nutritive
they
the
easily ground
lime, iron, and
broken
in
"c., it becomes
food, worms,
quantityof
of
great value
kept where
poultry are
of insect
supply
is of
muscles.
When
find
exercise
this
those
it..
propagating
be
large quantity might
a
or
during
expense
suitable
weather.
The
is
following
a
germination of maggots
and
almost
any
dead
the
mould,
maggots
fowls
mould
the
and
themselves
be
Where
breed
the maggots
being
well
be
will
the
will work
their way
attracted
to
food
for
collected
As
and
poultry.
to the
breed
laid
be
work
as
surface
over
in animal
they
of the
their way
cleanse
birds
material
used
their
to
way
to the
it and
pegged
are
the
mould
tO'
and
the
place
a.
down.
and
turbing
dis-
fullydeveloped they
ground.
refuse,and
to
after
ground
access
scratching away
soon
or
other
or
hole in the
have
can
chickens
lightlayer of mould,
a
they
as
fowls
and
the birds
maggots.
with
a
the
will
maggots
the
objectionable
placed in
be
netting should
prevent
the
the
of
working
In
with
as
out
that
so
up,
of
in fine
soon
way
for chickens
covered
fly-blown,and
of wire
is
flesh
box, embedded
fall.
material
quite wholesome
in may
can
hung
the
As
the
receptacle
impregnated
their
work
they
other
or
If the chickens
surface.
This
a
maggots
piece
when
other
or
basket.
or
will
be
may
strong odour
eat.
the
they
them
devour
can
the
place
causing
refuse,or
animal
hamper
a
basket, which
or
through
in
box
of
it exposed until it is
leave
full grown
are
hamper
offal,other
hay,
or
grass
small
a
blow-fly. Then
of the
eggs
"
fill it with
animal, and
Take
:
method
simple
very
they
Beetles
are
a
will be
suitable
28
SOFT
It is not
advisable
FOOD.
gizzard (an organ
of
developed) is
sufficiently
employed
it is too
not
muscular
extraordinary
the food is
the
unnecessary,
prepared as
so
muscular
if it has
properly developed, and
atrophied, that
In
properly.
innutritious
fowl's
food
are
other
part of dried
quantity of
a
used
to
all
cases
chickens
the
a
and
an
is to
into
absorption
exclusivelywith
soft
suffer from
and
roup
fowls
is
laying.
boiled
and
rule
saline
providingthis
for young
or
Pull
sand
cress,
for
added.
the food
supply
middlings,
is
an
suitable
soft food
vegetable is
and
to the
regular intervals,so
chicks
(when sprouting)is
necessary
There
contains
let them
are
but few
The
excellent
a
on
A
good
by sowing
and
boxes.
secure
is
containing
tender
these
to
in winter
boxes
roots.
as
very
aperient properties.
quite
place for
which
FOOD.
in shallow
it when
adhering
a
can
of flesh-formingsubstances.
deficiency
a
of succulent
of its valuable
sand.
as
especiallyfor growing
with
poultry keepers prepare
with
fat-forming,
supply
mustard
mixed
be
may
refuse from
The
GREEN
A
bran
food is necessary,
when
with
soft food
excellent
an
floury some
are
mixed
middlings
food.
a
much
seed
such
vegetable (nicelycooked) as
stiffish mass,
animal
house, when
As
find
too
five of
suitable
middlings
some
economical
too
for
fat,and
too
and
meat
any
make
If the
poultry.
of
liable to become
fed
render
to
with
work, however,
substances
fowls
Young
system.
nutritious
ailments.
large
In
bone-forming
or
chief
Its
necessary.
as
its work
do
to
fowl,
the
combined
intimately
so
gizzard
very
One
be
is
of
it becomes
use
unable
organ
become
cannot
organ
be
to
as
food
natural
matter
mineral
prepare
the
the
the
as
organ
weakened
is, so
of any
the work
in active
been
freelyused.
when
stock
of that
power
properly
digestingit. Besides,
render
to
the
food, as
when
power
in
fatteningfor layingand breeding
When
soft
with
exclusively
feed
to
seed
succession
for chickens
account
of
way
seed,
rape
of
slight depth
a
have
it with
people who
may
be
cannot
sown
of crops.
and
the
poultry.
at
Rape
3"
GRIT
is certain
It
AND
that
eager
in which
way
thrown
down
time.
Feathered
to
nianage
reasonable
do not
require any
to
that
say that teeth
do
poultry
is facilitated
does
the aid of
be reduced
of
sufficiency
to
material
the
unaided
of
reduce
number
of eggs
produced
are
"c., into
and
had
the
is
conveyed
been
the
By
fowls
cinders,or
advisable
would
coke
to
occupy
serviceable
sharp
as
are
break
too
a
flint
suitable.
that
room
with
its
most
Whatever
small
in the
grittysubstance,
a
those
which
which
to
of extraordinary
organ
an
prepare
should
be
an
tends
would
Some
to
have
harder
and
for
them
prepare
mineral
means
into the egg
it into rather
much
require
highlyprobable that
glands employed
grit is
grain,
stances
sub-
quicklygrinding shells,bones,
thus
shell-formingmaterial
For
is
its aid
from
mixed
abundant.
for
the blood.
to
below
in
feathered
certainlyfail to
It is
much
supply
Those
shell-formingmaterial
and
particles,
absorption into
matter
grit and
absolutelynecessary
minute
gizzard
laying season.
them
gizzard effectually
for the shells of the eggs
supply
been
the
it would
as
in the
by
substances
substances
the
just
grit. They
any
nourishment
This
pulp.
sumed
pre-
(liketeeth)assists
fibrous
harder
insufficient
the
a
be
digestion,which
their
and
Though
power,
produced during
firm
some
pulp.
to a
muscular
a
or
them
reducing
with
portion of
a
hard
other
of
of
beings
Human
gritty substances
perfected.
effectually
more
obtain
that
of
means
and
have
required by
require
Grit
for the process
preparing substances
apparently
an
it would
not
are
not
obtainable.
be
may
persons
grit.
for anyone
quantitiesrequiredwhen
seeds,or
some
so,
deprived of teeth, and
say
some
appreciable quantity
any
being
this
it is
it for
seed
or
in
time
swallow
naturallyand quite instinctively
creatures
grain
on
the
by
it when
deprived of
exist when
it is to
as
having
to
say that fowls
to
live
times
all
evident
devour
been
considerable
a
without
grittymatter, and, owing
is at
is made
for and
have
which
for
condition
thriving
they
creatures
confinement
in
kept
will rush
after
them
to
This
poultry.
fowls
POOD.
gritty substance
some
for
essentially
necessary
SHELL
in
other
and
secreting and
charging
dis-
passage.
suitable,but
material
is
gizzard.
any
stone,
supplied it
pieces,because
are
digestion
Cinders
promotive
large
are
is
ones
very
of health.
31
When
fowls
liable to swallow
may
the
prove
find in
to
been
set
by
up
escaped through
which
In
besides
shells
destroyed
in
with
vessel
sufficient water
before
they
for
mixing
the
fowls
dust
or
time
after
for
can
be broken
may
their
own
to
dust, which
themselves
the floor before
being
slacked.
be
may
obtained
before
up
be the
eggs.
for
devour
and
if not
should
the shells
exposed
for
are
they
are
of
given
be
not
shells
feathered
them
to
by doing
when
would
not
be
creatures
was
made
very
shells
eggshould
whole
shells
egg-
eating
be
added
be
may
required,and
are
induced
thus
then
evident
to
will
me
grit
they do
many
the
By
devour
to
to
pelled
com-
needlesslyovertaxed.
they requireit,and only
This
towns
commence
ever
some
in the
them
In
in
required
soon
they
so
for
placed
air for
to the
not
used
available
be
poultry,because
shells should
gritnor
of it
floor of it,
quantities. They
inducing
poultry,because
gritor
to
lime
be
may
the
time.
some
in considerable
Neither
shell food when
compelled.
Lime
When
there
means
unerring instinct
adding just
lime
always
been
kidneys and digestiveorgans
an
then
be left in the
The
it has
them
of any
by placing them
purifiedby burying
effectually
leaving
be
cleared
are
completely cleared
should
in.
of the
action
in them
be
and
shells should
be
tages
advan-
purifythem,
the
By
lime,
be
may
other
the fire to
fowl-house, sprinklingabout
some
dust
soft food
the
and
quickly done
then
cockle
substances
for the fowls.
up
the
with
and
ground
valuable
be
hours, and
broken
are
they
use
writers.
The
slack it.
to
twelve
to
on
some
bone.
or
assist in the process
This
placed in
can
gizzard,which
and
they
pulp.
unslacked
some
limewashing
and
which
the result of
of the
are
softened,and
are
matter,
least
by
a
in
coming
was
expelled. They should, however,
or
for at
to
its way
nail,piece of wire
a
food
forming shell
the shells
decomposing
a
by
has
inflammation, the
up
death
cases
hole made
recommended
fire the
set
shells of the oyster, whelk
the
lost when
method
had
some
that death
gizzard,and
of the contents
some
a
occurrence
graduallyworked
of the
very
things which
other
uncommon
an
had
walls
reducing ordinaryfoodstuffs
are
a
the
of death.
cause
obtained, and
It is not
they are
post-mortemexamination
pin
or
of metal, and
of the intestines
large towns
of
nail
a
some
inflammation
In
ior
soft part in
a
immediate
had
of death.
cause
by
with
contact
nails,pins,bits
subjectssent
caused
through
suppliedwith grittysubstances
not
are
so
years
32
back
when
I commenced
laying they
would
The
yard.
picked up
ducks
placedin
a
broken
of water
vessel
into
The
should
of water
upon
HOW
TO
The
value
breeding
from
available
the
their
food
rather
of
a
vegetables.
are
grain and
in confined
found
not
best
foraging
be
poultry may
yieldof
more
or
use.
To
stock
a
a
kept
for
free range
is
chief part of
for the
forage
and
commences,
of fact
the
birds
then
even
and
meat
becoming
fat
and
the
grain
be
poultry cannot
suitably
of wild
fowl, unless
for
for table
be
fed rather
the
supply
POULTRY
the
been
birds
are
exercise
of it has
TO
shell
has
nest
Much
breeding.
stock
in the
arrives
season
rather scanty
FEED
dead
young
or
the breeding
a
feeding of breeding
in the
Infertile eggs
eggs
obtain
feeding
fed with
liable to if freely
possible condition
made
in
them
INCREASE
PRODUCTION.
(and
that
only) is
with
liberally
doing this,however,
less ruined
vessel.
same
by pouring
Where
prevent
is necessary
when
In
The
STOCK.
of
season
is to
in the nests
eggs.
should
grit.
be the rule,except it be with
EGG
When
be
products.
runs.
TO
left to
matter
a
the
for food and
HOW
are
As
care
deserted, because
in the
system
breeding
they
Still greater
kept
suitable
should
products of grain.
fed with
BREEDING
point
which
internally,
in the
yard
should
the
frequentlywashed
PEED
feedingshould
The
be in their
to
them
be over-estimated.
cannot
birds
the
placed with
supplied to
be
When
again.
it.
until the
spare
be
if he
their shell food
yard,and
their
them, and
gritor sand, which
pieces and
should
grit,sand, "c.,
stream
in their
small
very
for the ducks
corn
allowed
fine
requirevery
Ducks
it
usuallydropped
laying,egg-shellswere
not
were
shell he
touch
to
When
into
egg-shells thrown
rarelyattempted
very
piece of
a
untouched.
be
greedilydevour
drake
closelyconfined.
ducks
keep
to
for stock
purposes
the greatest number
a
the
view
the fowls
and
of eggs
be
and
object desired
increase
to
will
soon
only
the
become
fit for table
profityear
after
33
from
year
chapteron
As
or
certain
a
regards feeding,in
has
been
the fowls will eat
of animal
added
the
fowls
for
eat, and
wheat
When
TO
bird
a
be
digest its
food
been
being
has
crop
become
removed.
fowl
is too
glassfulof
fowl
added
the
to
the
In all
cases
and
bird
begins
a
few
nourishment
of illness
an
ordinaryfood.
eat
done
a
rule
food
been
to
eat
is unable
the
to
The
is
half
of
ailing birds
night
As
or
supply
it should
freelyit should
be
be
until
food
has
out
under
should
of water
the
been
the
fed
food.
If
with
wine-
a
If the
spiritmay
and
be
increase
soft food.
should
When
is
be
improves
meat
warm.
If there
morning.
other
the bird
by giving some
ailing it
more
egg
and
some
if it had
nourishing
an
up
brandy
given.
food.
pointed
soft
in
be
to
in
crop
saved
give any
it
actually
disease, and
undigested
beat
unlimited
in cold weather
to
be
drops
food
that
cease
in
is noticed
case,
the
one
the
digesting its
until
any
remains
have
bird
it is
As
give
portionof
quantityof
tail
or
are
they
creature
food
might
a
should
take
and
low
feathered
with
seriouslyill,
when
ill to
is very
it
or
Bound."
milk
force when
by
not, in any
do
ailing birds
complicates
whether
this
heading "Crop
maize
consequently decomposes.
When
empty
How
sparingly,and,
and
dies,when
in the crop
fed
a
food
be ascertained
food
any
will
they
especiallyimportant
fed,the
forcibly
correctlytreated.
should
allow
day
as
and
be
POULTRY.
great many
When
of the
the creature
cases
it may
the
roots
oats
AILING
A
of
if it is
decomposition
fair allowance
a
cooked, and
mostly with
is ill it becomes
undigested condition,
an
a
feed
usual.
as
be
have
vegetable or
green
suitablyfed.
food
point of bursting,
the
on
should
should
FEED
killed in consequence
their
until it is
food,
days.
HOW
should
much
in the
soft
much
as
given separately. During
evening meal
alternate
on
advocated
adopted.
morning give
which
or
as
be
greedily. They
up
matter,
have
to
the
kept wet
the soft food
to
fowls,the system
poultry-farmingshould
grain that
as
of
number
be
the
brought graduallyon
vided,
pro-
ailing
to
its
34
HOW
TO
Soft
A
food
mixture
is
with
appearance
and
flesh when
maize
skim
moisten
be
the meal
of
given
poultry put
them
two
it should
Changing
the food
addition
of
If
good plan
no
mild
some
moss.
I
without
having
not
per
one
will fatten
them
chick
is
of those
In the
should
be
the
affords it
seek
it.
will be
and
days
by
in the
a
that
time
much
is not
it is certain that
when
they
are
that
cramming
make
period
out
it does
of which
out
egg
the
yolk
it
is absorbed
way
It is
peat
or
system
it pay
are
out
of its shell
not
chicks
until
much
left undisturbed
better
for
to
require
nourishment
hatched.
was
chick
the
by
of its shell,and
until it is strong
inducing them
thrive
been
provisionof nature
suppliedto
they
rather
a
elsewhere.
who
those
working, its
in
kept in
litter,
straw,
the
If
weeks.
CHICKENS.
nourishment
less trouble
fed,and
been
is the occasional
If
fed until it has
of the
it is
water
try.
of nature
of
sufficiency
If food
it,for
During
yolk
have
three
or
adopt
to
wonderful
a
the
to
the soft food.
should
so
of stable
FEED
not
ordinary course
during
have
to
should
be added
only
quickly than
bed
a
who
TO
food, because
provided
they
in two
more
anyone
quite twenty-four hours.
any
after
fatten them.
first well studied
HOW
The
fatten
on
advise
cannot
cent,
should
liquor
spicy condiment.
trying to
use
keep
to
day
a
they
It is
matter
always
rather warm,
given
healthy, poultry will
place they
warm
Animal
for
boiled
the
using
matter,
fatten,and
the
barley,
be soaked.
is an advantage, so
occasionally
littleof
a
unhealthy, it is
a
be
fattening,but
it should
little salt should
three times
or
in winter
A
to
of delicate
be
invitingappearance.
an
soft food.
making
up
potatoes,
fattening. Wheat,
corn
animal
some
when
not
very
boiling the
thoroughlycooked.
food
are
flesh to
is very
meal
boiled
and
fattening,especiallywhen
very
boil
the
cause
fat has
yellow
Before
to
fattening poultrywith.
best for
Maize
advertised
each
good plan
a
with
meals
minutes.
ten
milk, will
flavour.
are
POULTRY.
FATTEN
middlings,barley meal,
loaded
Nearly all the
TO
undoubtedlythe
of fine
moistened
and
FEED
enough
to
they need it,there
eating,
commence
during
the
first few
twenty-fourhours
after
35
they are
clear of their shells.
for
provided
it
as
be
not
boiled
bread
be
and
(set),
In
or
addition
milk.
three
weeks
should
have
minced
egg
food,
From
with
and
cooked
be
thoroughly
they
of animal
boilingmilk,
The
vegetables.
old
mixed
should
be
or
they
maggots,
as
greaves,
meat
two
days
such
matter,
may
middlings
are
two
are
ground
or
stale
change,
a
milk, or
and
should
egg
until the chickens
when
meat,
as
with
oatmeal
the time
granulated
and
ing
provid-
quite hard, but
it should
bread, scalded
fair allowance
a
meat,
middlings
the
be continued
may
old.
of
made
The
it to become
cause
whole
meal
porridge
This
to
naturally
continue
to
week.
a
the
to
littlewhole
a
given, or
and
their food for about
long enough
nicely cooked
minced.
first food
the
advisable
chickens, it is certainly
portion of
a
Egg being
with
thoroughly
cooked.
This
Their
class
food
of food
is very
of
shquld be
greatest portion should
but
small
a
fed with
liberally
or
uncooked, is
the
As
meat
the
or
silver grey.
the
they
are
of their
chickens
young
but
best
last meal
days
ten
should
add
which
rice.
directed
as
for chickens, and
this up
not
any
by giving
is in
which
buckwheat,
not
broken
some
grain, but
Follow
French-grown
may
either cooked
prepared
from
the
contain
They
their diet
to
screened
feeding yellow-legged chickens, nearly
(maize).may
corn
four
be
given
old the meals
or
at most
rather
should
be
be
given daily
advisable
It is not
legs.
than
more
food
is suitable
dry
or
When
the colour
The
grow,
little Indian
full-grown,a
very
food.
seeds
seed,
little of the
improve
possible,but
as
foodstuffs
of those
Soft Food"
"
dari,millet, canary
colour
kind
vegetables. Cabbage,
the chickens
grain,hempseed,
a
and
excellent
an
heading
expensive.
them
consist
a
chickens.
growing
proportion of amyloid (starchy)matter.
be
under
varied
as
for
necessary
to
feed
five times
a
four,and
at
even
day,
When
night.
late at
to
eight weeks
old, three daily.
It is
for
a
very
breeding
because
from
these
grave
too
chickens
starchy matter
is made
very
feed chickens
to
freelywith grain and
the
fatten
and
foodstuffs
reproductive organs.
of
mistake
tend
That
enter
evident
to
there
into
should
the
not
which
are
products
intended
of
grain,
disorganize the
be
a
composition
large
of the
by studyingthe subject,and
tion
propor-
diet of
under-
36
Standing
fowl
in
that
of
the
fowl
that
being
there
is
the
the
is
right
formed.
It
chicken
vigorous
overfed
from
elements
nature
and
strorig
a
a
of
state
a
of
nature
with
of
but
corn,
is
for
a
common
it is
not
of
kind
one
in
is
with
feeding
advisable
and
mixed
to
feeding
suitable
poultry
to
use.
with
the
in
elements
egg
prevent
must
do
because
so,
that
the
egg.
the
to
give
each
fowls
are
the
neither
mixtures
economical
of
will
corn
to
select
aimed
purpose
fowl
of
mixture
a
some
that
so
is,
with
poultry
"
Besides,
accomplished.
not
feed
to
another,
some
corn
suppose
from
which
a
CORN.
practice
grain
to
hatched
of
chick
the
erroneous
matter,
natural
MIXED
It
is
be
can
amyloid
proportion
which
a
variety
usually
purchase
at
"
sold
nor
38
,i'.l|]lH"",,
in
U
O
(^
X
H
O
""
1-1
Pu
39
III.
PART
SELECTION
of BREEDS
of FOWLS.
-i-i-
TlHEfollowing
intended
It must,
may
of any
When
below
layers
and
breed
in
supply
a
production
of eggs
of eggs
the average
increased
production of
by good management.
fowls
which
produces
soon
become
ruined
indifferent
prove
of fowls
breeds
bad
bad
by
layers.
have
in
great
a
as
been
a
may
be
strain
of
of eggs
number
of fact
measure
their parents.
contrary
and
of the
result
strain of fowls
the
or
a
may
consequence
some
of
ruined
by
best
our
years
of
management.
BREEDS.
of
view
breeds
select
obtaining
are
a
a
yieldof
better
quickly adopted.
breed
and
When
management.
of his
yieldof
suitable
for
eggs
doing
its
up
during
other
breed
is much
producing flesh
two
more
for
or
breeds
of fowls
so
to
and
which
new
to
all-round
the
successive
his
will
produce
a
ductiveness
pro-
seasons
attention
turn
than
profitable
eating.
a
and
layingqualities,
improved
three
this
it is advisable
layersbut by good
poultry-keeperhas
stock
poultry-farming. A
of
with
breeds
owing
and
eggs,
improve
to
the best
out
a
advisedlytake
average
Instead
endeavour
simply by picking
may
always tryingfresh
keepers of poultryare
Some
he
fowls and
a
matter
is above
fowls
it is the
the average
a
laying
so-called
the
certain
by
unprofitableif
assured.
is not
management,
As
of fowls
ways
On
than
more
NEW
not
eggs
breeds
other
of those
are
of stock.
best
by
fowls
selection
the
the breed
previousand present management
Thus
the
purchasing
production of
average
in
of
breeds
in
that
out
that
various
amateur
pointed
and
the
the
be
indifferent
badly managed,
the
on
assist the
to
however,
prove
strains
notes
breed
a
to
good
chiefly
40
SCOTCH
GREYS.
41
"
cq
H
O
42
NOTES
Old
called
fault,is
a
admire.
of this
grand
remark
that
to
have
been
fowl
I have
At
revolting.
which
comb
Game
and
fowl, but
indicate
I fail to know
than
mother
she
provide for
to
the
from
death
carries
fowl
her brood
weight,
insect
life
food.
It is
winter
a
and
it should
laying
well deserved
only
In
"
of
choice
brown
tint,which
and
a
weather.
purpose
kept
it
late years
makes
on
turkey.
This
requirefull
layer
table
fowl
may
information
Fowl," by
a
it is second
be
about
A.
the
and
kept
in
C. Croad.
to
middle
"
than
in the
of
of
skin
The
rich
a
white
a
severest
for this
but
Though
May.
is white
is like
confinement,
read
for her
of
none,
cockerel
it should
fowl.
egg
even
glossy,its
matured
The
of maintenance
sized
produced
before
well
-
egg
For
June.
Croad
readilysaleable
are
black
beautifully
the
medium
more
them
be hatched
a
white
steadilygaining
Miss
in defence
where
flavour.
Game
has been
to
other
place
the first of
English
it
little additional
delicacyof
before
this fowl
lays
it
a
thin, and
Langshan
It
As
is
for
fowl
any
other
will
them
table
a
than
requires but
great credit is due
quantityof
plumage
or
sitter
a
defend
and
meat
fowl
she
range
As
wood
As
fowl,and lays a
unequalled
fair
it should
a
refer to the Old
winter
A
English
useful
or
free
a
white
in
be hatched
in it.
race
on
medium-sized
favour, and
purity
Old
hen.
enemies.
persistentchampionship
and
Game
English
other
when
is
system
a
advantage.
beautiful
others, and
and
hardy
it is
when
is
to the true
belong
intend
never
the face it is
unfair
an
the chief part of their food
size,which
Langshan.
its
all
rats
very
foregoing remarks
egg,
gain
green-stuffabounds
or
of medium
long
Old
proportionatelymore
of its
it
at
more
sprightlier,
excels
that I
here
mongrel.
a
a
an
we
I may
type.
of game
dubbing
the
do not
partridge coloured
a
and
of
to
off the skin about
shaving
large bones
as
strains
cruelty,and
unjustifiable
it
experts
none
only fault,if it
Its
fowl, and
a
the present time
faking,by
coarse
of
extent
to
some
fighting propensities,
preserved true
I consider
to the
performed
second
table fowl.
dubbed
never
stands
pugnacious disposition,which
its
to
BREEDS.
fowl
and
its
Owing
do so, because
of
This
"
layer,sitter,mother,
be
should
PROriTABLE
Game-
English
all-round
can
ON
and
a
and
young
those
History of
who
the
43
Plymouth
and
farmyard,where
of its
food, and
hardly be
free range,
a
for it
advantage,
fair average
it should
a
greatlyboomed,
all-round
This
and
Scotch
it is very
of
result of
time
good
a
a
laying
sitter,
close
equal
it.
to
the
to
It has
been
the country.
it is
with
become
a
black
the
because
greatest utility,
is
It is
medium
keep.
to
feather,this fowl, which
and
has
summer,
It
eggs.
lays
however, be
have
them
a
been
brown-tinted
a
the
The
better
Dorking
and
of the
some
are
be
can
layers.
it is
old
fortunate.
By
greatly improved
light Brahma
layer than
a
is of
the
dark
good laying and
produced.
Wyandotte.
established
"
This
and
fowl
a
of American
a
size.
rather clumsy mother,
sitter,
who
with
crossed
because
mother.
above
farmer
in winter
first-class
may
when
a
for
may,
persons
and
again
for
bred
close
sitter and
the present strains
careful management
and
fowl
There
table fowl.
those
a
highly valued
of rather
productionof
its
size, is
about, and
firmly
about
apply
good
egg
good layer
a
regards
as
table fowl
is
this fowl is
being
Though
"
one
Brahma,
produces
winter
It is
with
kept
crossing Langshans
a
white
a
better all-round
no
of medium
a
use.
popularityis doubtful, yet
In Scotland
layer of
Brahma.
egg
For
May.
merit
remarks
same
and
hardy, sprightly,
I know
ruined
in
its present
"
winter
at
and
consequently has spread through
fowl, the
it is not
appearance.
fowl
the
Grey.
good
was
neat
a
voracious
Rocks.
Plymouth
kind
has
of
be
egg
in winter.
even
a
can
for home
it may
brown
before the middle
it will retain
good
not
rich coloured
Rock, and
Plymouth
That
lays a
and
"
suitable
very
properly managed,
them
This
productive,and
when
be hatched
Orpington.
table,but
large portion
a
for it has
close run,
a
fat to be
too
for
quantityof
good mother,
in
forage for
field
for the
adapted
fowl.
profitable
a
prove
kept
fowl
is well
be left to
it would
becomes
soon
fowl
it should
then
readilysaleable
On
This
said of it when
appetite,and
a
Rook."
production has
general favourite
in
this
become
country,
on
44
46
of its neat
account
silver-laced
It
lays
is
Wyandotte
brown-tinted
a
and
layer,steady sitter,
This
Dorking.
"
table
and
crossed
table fowls.
with
Game.
layer.
On
portion
of its food
keep
it.
farm
a
It
the greater
table
fowl, and
stock
of the
large
white
This
hardy and
For
crossing purposes,
Redcap.
"
round,
medium-sized
soon
grow
not
place where
for
so
a
fortunate
are
matured
Old
Houdan
fowl, but
it could
to
is
improve
Game
exception
into robust
egg.
and
was
who
tgg.
not
a
good
obtain
a
large
has to
still possess
purchase
considered
now
both
have
hardy
is
chickens
a
layers of
delicate,but
fowl
layingand
no
birds.
any
layer and
unadulterated
fair winter
of occasional
The
excellent
an
were
non-sittingfowl
white
who
man
poor
quicklythan
more
English
This
the
table
good
non-sittingfowl
The
egg.
with
a
originalstrains,which
and
as
progeny
fair sized white
a
fowl,
the food for his fowls.
those
was
Houdans
their
improves
layerof
other
by foraging it might possibly be profitableto
portion of
"
of any
high-class
mother.
is
other
or
it
its
fowl.
winter
good
a
chieflyfor
excel those
breeds
good
This
certainlyis
Houdan.
mother.
indifferent
a
"
attentive
whole,
other
an
It is.a close sitter and
it is
is valuable
the
beautiful
and
neat
very
size,and
careful and
on
It is but
Indian
of fair
fowl
qualitieswhich,
when
a
certainly
egg
good qualities. A
all-round
and
appearance
of
equal
table
a
it
size.
qualities,
equals.
good layer all
rests, and
are
at
first
the
year
produces
a
but
delicate,
47
Hamburgh.
but with
small
the
to
exception of
short
than
any
a
much
consumes
large fowl
Black
Hamburgh,
This
food.
would
is
offal.
owing
A
It is
would
its very
hatched
in
bird
hatched
This
"
than
in
the
Minorca.
readier
ruined
on
and
head
rather
are
winter
and
of
proportion
clear
an
but they
deliqate,
confinement,
For
require
but
laying they
egg
soon
usuallyfalls
over,
the
and
is
For
winter
should
earlier age
of medium
be
not
head
than
and
?
rests
severe
very
suitable for
specially
than
be
the
The
breeds.
most
popular
is not
there
rather
has
he
The
It is not
number
being kept
are
a
bit out
of
if the
soon
bird
has
good
of condition
head
cradles
makes
male
a
comfortablywhen
carry
a
finds
it will
continues
his overburdened
there
fowl
any
of
account
on
delicate,and
been.
can
weather,'but
large
it should
rather delicate when
are
is very
he becomes
as
laying
and wattle
fowl
layer and
winter
better
it
as
size.
become
Already
ground.
a
popular
as
robust, hardy birds,and
into
an
Spanish
as
is not
chickens
grow
appendages
by laying a
is
small
a
large breeds.
frightenedcan
when
in
in size of comb
good layerin
times
of the
any
as
small,
fowl,though
and
bones
thrive
It has, however,
good health, and
rest
table
a
flesh than
present this fowl
like the
more
a
eggs
and
laying qualities,
for increase
"combs, why
nor
At
sale.
his comb
to
many
The
lay at
white
"
its first-class
in
as
eggs,
May.
to
Leghorn lays a
now
twice
non-sitting fowl
quickly
but
pulletscommence
be
produce
Minorca.
April and
hatched,
craze
food
chickens
will
be, for it lays more
table
first
much
or
May.
Leghorn.
should
it
Rock, Orpington,
as
As
for exercise.
room
the
Black
twice
exceedingly active, and
quickly. They
sufficient
The
about
small
eight-footfence, Hamburgh
mature
year.
Plymouth
proportionof
to
the
with
hardy fowl, produces more
and
consume
which
greater
a
sit, and
through
greater weight of them.
it carries
not
too
are
breed, and yieldsa greater profitbecause
less
other
much
beautiful
very
other
all
lay
rests
do
They
good layers,
are
their eggs
Hamburgh
the Black
of
is
of this fowl
varieties
readilysaleable.
Hamburgh
a
the
be
exception
eggs
All
"
made
fowl
up
is
brought
for their
for the
table
for this at other
good-sized
white
in rather confined
eggs,
places.
48
i^i
49
a;
O
O
W
J
w
p"i!fer
i;i""^
5"
Andalusian.
As
classed
between
reliable
authorities
fowls
by
their
of
flesh
production
than
return
of
medium
the
Leghorn
the
this
is
delicate
is
taken
is
considerably
of
and
into
larger
fowls.
size.
For
fine
flavour,
they
account
They
winter
and
non-sitters,
are
laying
should
they
of
cost
a
better
produce
eggs
yield
and
year
a
birds
the
to
very
table
when
found
are
in
As
150.
over
to
produced
eggs
be
may
According
of
number
fowl
this
Minorca.
and
average
breed
merit
economic
regards
"
in
hatched
be
May.
I
CLASSIFICATION.
A
Fowls
of
sufficient
the
cottager
for
utility
For
the
Leghorn,
divided
be
may
either
Old
:
The
for
excellent
laying
a
and
good
plan
Old
crossing
to
introduce
keep
Rock,
with
one
fowl,
a
of
mixed
these
very
the
in
sitting
sitting
Orpington,
or
Houdan
breeds,
and
Houdan,
lot
able.
suit-
Scotch
following
the
fowls
common
the
as
suitable.
very
non-sitting
Game
Where
Of
Brahma,
following
such
Wyandotte,
be
may
English
qualities.
table
would
Plymouth
the
of
not
are
is
layers.
silver-laced
fowl,
farmer
Also
Redcap.
are
which
Hamburgh,
good
the
the
Langshan,
advantage.
and
is
these
ments
require-
the
to
fowl
Black
and
Game
English
Besides
with
those
"
or
breeds
suited
medium-sized
or
fowls
"
Grey,
arid
or
non-sitters
are
all-round
breeds
small
Andalusian,
Minorca,
best
keep.
to
a
those
farmer,
or
cottager
These
into
to
of
separate
Dorking
improve
fowls
years.
are
their
kept
it
51
54
INCUBATION.
When
to
using
follow
point given, and
great advantage
avoid
loss
the temperature
it
lower
to
of incubation.
days
on
keep
to
When
of the
under
lowest
it is
hens
a
very
chicks
the
out
last
three
to
them.
When
good
an
of feathers
coat
An
excellent
best time
Old
to
set
be
likelyto
fifteen minutes
and
she
should
likelyto
less
exercise.
and
cramped
fingersshould
should
be
it is
a
gently
there
whether
are
good plan
the hen
should
it should
happen
When
counted
under
the
to cover
to
the hen
and
so
the
her
wings.
with
a
would
is taken
In
a
and
she
first ascertained
very
cold
weather
case
HENS.
and
the
fat in it assists
chief part of
in
keeping
up
little hempseed.
off each
see
body,
the
long.
too
sittinghens,
the
she
nest
piece of flannel,in
SITTING
for
they
become
off the
having
eggs,
and
nest
may
of her
ing
morn-
when
she
hen
a
centre
be off the eggs
because
inspected,to
taking
eggs
FOR
maize,
their temperature,
In
off the
is the best food
be
exercise,or
to
tame
off the
taken
all
properly
her
chickens
some
raised
up
the
on
when
under
any
will make
a
ten
Each
eggs.
down
placed
FOOD
Grain
take
to
settles down
sittingof
a
trample
suffer in health.
be
her
to
off the
be taken
her, allowing her
If she
The
if at
eggs
should
off to feed, which
squats
compelled
be
should
give
flurried and
If she
hatched.
for
feed and
dummy
she
morning
proves
introduced
be
to
be
ducklings.
or
has
placed on
placed
fowl
game-crossed
or
of chickens
be
Next
and
leg feathering,should
night, if she
should
be taken
be
Game
water
the dummies
remove
is at
she
to
free from
size,with
of medium
those
sitting,
brooder
restless.
food
and
for
English
hen
a
HENS.
and
sitter and
strange place,and
nest,
hens
employing
preferred.
are
the
destroyingany by treading or squatting
SELECTING
a
each
on
to hatch
incubator
an
the hen
through
that it is in my
inclining to
set
are
eggs
have
to
degree
one
it is advisable
the eggs,
hatching
suppliedwith it,except
the instructions
opinion advisable
for
machine
a
if any
morning,
are
the eggs
should
be
missing, soiled,cracked
55
broken.
or
Soiled
and
allowed
they
should
in
an
tissue
be
The
paper.
covered
selvage
for this purpose.
the
with
eye
a
of
between
and
fowls
in
incubation
fertile eggs
in
eggs
will have
retained
that
the
will have
egg
has
about
which
which
food
fresh
as
kept
has not
seventh
recentlylaid
advanced
be
may
by being
the
or
of
day
the centre, but infertile
should
be
except
ones,
An
colour.
addled
in
patches.
with
marked
preserved
same
in
D
a
the fourteenth
by
for the
be used
and
between
the shell is discoloured
doubt
a
held
the
darker
a
seventh
bull's-eyelantern
On
of
of
and
they
or
eggs,
crack
suitable
tested
and
a
patch in
become
there is
feed young
to
dark
a
infertile may
are
be
or
room.
the
on
may
the appearance
rejectedif incubation
Those
tested
the sun,
dark
a
cloudy appearance,
a
Those
and
shell
be
They
as
have
A
be re-made.
should
box
a
her.
strip of gummed
narrow
and thumb,
forefinger
the
lamp placed
a
nest, when
EGGS.
strong light,such
a
the
on
is soiled it should
of incubation.
day
grasped
is
is very
If the nest
eggs
fourteenth
hen
water,
warm
off postage stamps
TESTING
The
in rather
placed
washed, wiped dry and placed under
should
egg
be
in it until
remain
to
be
should
eggs
day.
of
purposes
lime
and
water
chickens.
NESTS.
If
possible,the
ground,
should
the
in earth
or
be where
should
nest
placed in
it would
be
plan
dust
powdered
and
sulphur
nest
The
basket.
or
or
slighthollow
a
in
chaff.
of
means
Coarse
the
mixture
a
lime,
"
eggs
in it.
composed
part of lime
one
nesting place
to
and
is not
straw
in
sufficiently
becoming caught
with
in the
wintry weather,
protect the eggs
the
the feet of the hen
the
hay
not
through
to
box
in
be well sheltered
it does
it may
be made
a
be lined with
suitable,because
weather, and
should
nest
cold
broken
being
It is
a
good
of flowers
of
two
of
parts
sulphur.
METHOD
It
hens
is
at the
seventh
there
may
excellent
an
day
same
time.
OF
plan
to
Then
of incubation, and
not
SETTING
set
two
HENS.
or
better still three
when
the
those
which
be sufficient fertile eggs
eggs
are
left to
are
tested
or
more
on
the
infertileremoved,
fullyemploy
all the
56
hens.
the fertile eggs
However,
of the
hens,
the
and
the chickens
When
placedin
they
examine
her to
and
corn
Then
dark
she
possibleuntil
bad
hurry, and
a
the
In the
than
hen
has
get
to
seven
hen
a
all
careful
talk to
to
night.
at
rather
should
be
her
to
place
warm
kept
the
as
work.
frightenher.
to
be
out, and
and
they
If
Don't
get in
not
to
hen
in
a
ing
sooth-
a
thrive much
year
under
eggs
need
and
many
The
same
should
should
be
had
been
other
conditions
twenty-fouror
eggs
a
them
for
should
out
on
shells
hours
forty-eight
be
small
air,
broods
in
preferenceto
hens.
The
in
hatching.
heat
a
SHELL.
the
considerable
not
cold
brooding chickens,
twenty-first
day
the
on
time
sliaken
before
they
not
broken,
If the
set,
were
hatch
after the proper
or
of incubation
previous day.
being unfavourable,they may
even
growing
70 per cent.
THE
breakingtheir
laid
eggs
cannot
are
to
weather
for
apparatus
exceed
due to hatch
hen
MOTHERS.
BREAKING
Chickens
the
are
liable to
very
exposure
largerones.
never
depending
feathers
hens
be said of incubators
Mother
the
their
thriving.
than
are
hatched
are
place
to
greater number
of the eggs
experiencedbreeders employ
may
a
In cold
excellent
some
number
when
ARTIFICIAL
are
hen, the
protection from
better under
There
advisable
a
some
the chickens
it is not
When
If all
spoiled.
most
EGGS.
of the eggs.
prevent them
may
OP
of the
nine
that
sufficiently
protect
Foster
not
as
things
in cold weather,
chilled
which
be made
may
then
will,even
settled down
quietly so
early months
her size and
under
if she
nesting place
NUMBER
upon
not, and
of voice.
tone
more
or
distance, carefully
a
healthy or
which
capitalplan
a
from
drink
eggs,
above
It is
temper.
and
The
her
retake
escapes,
be in
dummy
is cold.
weather
as
she is
for her to eat
her upon
set
if the
whether
see
water
eggs.
the hens
HENS.
is received
hen
broody
a
more
or
fresh
with
up
be left with
may
TRAVELLED
When
one
Mother."
Foster
"
a
hatched
are
made
be
sittingsmay
placedunder
be
can
out
time.
but may
be
or
until
fore
Theretested
57
when
Those
water.
about
to
in
the
the
in
outwards
of
appearance
of
the
its vent,
through
chicks
moisture
the
see
it in very
round
successful
A
it is very
chicks
unwise
their
on
which
chicken
chaff,ashes,
or
before
"
ventilated, but
be
to
a
wire
small
feed and
free from
to
run
expose
The
enemies.
other
cases
result of lack
avoided
by always
be fed
the
than
plan
moisture
of
earth
merely
is essential
the
during
to
first
during
sittinghen
more
than
empty
egg
shells,
remove
kill
they
able
are
some
to
of
support
Incubation.")
COOPS.
have
floor
boarded
a
Attached
draughts.
allow
the chickens
to fresh
should
be
to
to
coop
to their natural
grass
on
well
should
of the
out
come
with
be
it there
air,but not
placed
covered
it should
dry material, and
themselves
coop
the
hatching)
some
restless and
become
legs. (See
some
the
her to
them
should
not
disturb
may
coop
it is
In
better
a
helped
quittedtheir shells,and
CHICKEN
A
is
should
under
on
be
can
nest
itself assist
is the
quantity of
to
the hand
by treading
themselves
It
have
they
because, if disturbed, she
the
Chickens."
be
occasionallydamping
Chickens
after
by gently passing
Feed
and
certain
hatching.
time
(from which
slightest
to the
not
extricate
shell,which
dry weather,
twenty-fourhours
that
earth
should
egg
management.
the eggs.
damping
to
the
to
in
nest
How
"
bad
to
of the
yolk
stuck
are
due
making
its efforts to
is the
the tgg
return
chick
a
continue
to
carefullyremoving
If there
the egg.
be avoided
can
has
by extending the chipped
operating and
shell,because
absorption
the
If it
chick
a
unable
and
be done
circle round
a
bob
in will sink
after
be
to
warm
and
up,
chicks
hours
by slowly
should
blood,cease
incubator.
of its
This
large end
dead
If fourteen
be assisted
it may
with
those
the shell it appears
chipping
the top of the tgg.
out
and
of the vessel.
bottom
process,
space
in will float
in rather
them
by placing
live chicks
with
livelymanner,
a
commenced
or
overdue
twenty-fourhours
or
untainted
ground.
PRESERVING
The
which
causes
This
shell
are
the
allows
of
decomposed by
porous
shell to
moisture
to
of alkaline
chieflycomposed
is
egg
an
EGGS.
the
action
become
pass
out
of air and
more
porous
of the egg
and
earths
moisture, which
still and
air to
pass
thin.
in.
58
In
order
various
the
to
methods
an
have
laid
preserve
been
dry
bran
with
to
keep
them
for
be
may
rubbed
in this way
Eggs
oiled,placed in
be
may
for months
place,and kept
immediately after they
twelve
eating
middlings
The
salt and
should
middlings
must
the eggs
should
be
PACKING
Whether
it
travelling,
layer of hay
be
oiled
for
of
of
ten
middlings.
and
oven,
The
fine
the
eggs
vessel
taining
con-
dry place.
very
TRAVELLING.
large enough
to
allow
to
yieldingmaterial
for the eggs
room
to
laid.
a
not
cool
are
mixture
a
an
is selected
box
soft and
some
should
preserved good
in
in
closed
FOR
a
Treated
dry, airy and
a
be
as
egg
weeks.
may
soon
as
in for
pack
eggs
of
rather
a
being
be embedded
to
receptaclefor packing
best
settingis
of the
a
be
enveloped
should
be
of
sufficiency
it
displacement.
on
secured
screws
Label
advisable
in
top
to
fastened
or
thick
line
used
to
in
similar
a
prevent
are
with
placed in
The
wire.
wire, stringis not
"
"
send
eggs
which
are
and
from
the stations
by
bottom
soft
hay,
a
betwixt
the
lid of
box
with
for
each
a
and
a
slightest
cover
may
should
be
for this purpose.
care."
It is not
hatching by
if possiblethey should
hand.
egg
The
them,
the
Eggs,
intended
and
hamper
suitable
sides
and
soft paper.
of
possibility
any
conspicuously, Fragile
to
hay
intended
are
The
piece of
a
layers,with
Post, but by Passenger Train, and
to
size.
of it and
in
in which
eggs
lined with
be
some
If the eggs
or
suitable
a
should
placed
be tied down
with
of
hamper
receptacleused
should
eggs
kept
or
the
of material.
The
for
should
still leave
it,and
kind
hamper
or
it
EGGS
a
but
in
be dried in
placed in
months,
part of salt
one
"
bran.
them
by burying
salt
be oiled and
racks
They
laid.
powdered
in the
three
chalk
oiled,and
eating,especiallyif they
for
are
months
and
settingafter
of
as
If it is
French
some
it be
or
for many
keep good
for the purpose
kept
week,
a
soon
as.
downwards.
end
buried
then
and
paper,
will
eggs
than
more
buried
be
greasing
of lime.
solution
may
large
into the shell
gently
in tissue
wrapped
the
oiling and
as
saturated
a
setting,they
in very
necessary
in
preserved,and
be
must
such
adopted
egg
for
eggs
its shell
egg
shell,and keeping the
To
be
preserve
Parcel
be
veyed
con-
59
PART
V.
PROFITABLE
book
is written
TIHIS
classes
certain
for sale
might
have
extensive
an
be
must
them
be
An
from
forage for
to make
for them
the
birds
young
or
large portion of
and
rearing turkeys
land.
require
thrive
who
Labour, too,
deal
great
a
large
for them
they
those
only by
orchard, with
an
them,
rear
and
suitable
on
by keepingprofit
a
but
remunerative,
in hot weather, and
sun
place to
a
how
poultry. Breeding
made
upland
the
is the best
of
for
show
to
range
cheap,
attention.
TURKEYS.
trees
to
of
protect
forage under,
to
better when
left to
their food.
HOUSING.
Almost
of foxes
building which
any
for
is suitable
The
suitable.
very
will not
The
birds should
thrive when
kept
plan
they
only
can
SELECTION
In
in
when
emerge
their
of
firm
birds with
softness
also those
with
Another
of
or
broad
the
built and
roofed
trellised
front,is
perches placed
ground.
or
on
foul
ground.
much
a
airybuilding,from
an
at
Turkeys
in trees, but it is
roost
BREEDING
which
from,
hard
thighs or
the
with
birds of
good
of the
birds
skin.
tightly-fitting
of skin should
It is
coloured
and
Turkey (black),
weight
looseness
breastbones.
select the bronze
Norfolk
the
or
STOCK.
a
better
be
plan
see
that
Heavy
rejected,
to
chase
pur-
constitution.
point of great importance
entirelymature
shed
atmosphere
in
to breed
and
crooked
medium-sized
not
to
being guided solelyby
thighs are
A
the inroad
allowed.
Cambridgeshire, American,
instead
close
a
OP
purchasing birds
on
from
secure
three feet from
sheltered
them
keep
to
and
wirework
a
roost
be allowed
adult birds may
better
having
of the house, about
the back
dry
housing turkeys.
galvanized iron,and
with
is
is age.
The
turkey does
until it is in its third year, therefore
younger
6o
birds
should
not
year
may
second
allowed
each
to
be selected
be
from.
bred
under
the
and
hens,
turkeys.
their
nurse
arrangements,
should
be
when
which
accustomed
hen
to
under
The
turkey.
the eggs
The
should
be tested
larvae and
ON
the
left to
should
depend
say the
quantity which
induce
the
when
even
but many
would
a
birds
of the eggs
amongst
of
root
are
green
feed,in
she
than
more
is
nine
fifteen under
a
day.
other
large portion
of their
of year,
or
by foraging.
should
be
rather
promote
may
and
infertile,
when
vegetable matter.
birds,and especially
breeding
obtain
prove
insects,their
upon
In
food.
I should
order
to
sparinglyfed,
production,
egg
the young
the parent birds had
hatched
foraged for
their food.
very
crops,
caterpillars.This
poultry,and
marked
twenty-eightdaj's,and
the time
feeding
vigorous than
large portion of
Turkeys
may
be
eggs
three
or
whom
than
is
and
a
upon
they can
laying. High
be less
for
forage they
to
place
turkey subsists
stock,should
supplied
her
off to
person
a
to
own
FEEDING.
domesticated, young
That
should
come
more
or
Therefore, when
forage
her
(two
sit
to
and
persistentsitter,
a
by
to
shells,fruit,seeds, grasses,
be
laid
are
fails to
the tenth
on
of nature
state
a
she
incubation
NOTES
In
is
turkey
hen,
period of
they
as
advisable
common
make
can
nesting-place,but
be attended
It is not
large
hen
and they
places),
unless
should
turkey
and
nest
set.
see.
a
The
possiblefrom
be allowed
turkeysmay
the hen
the eggs
set
to
as
eggs
many
as
the nest
disturbed
she
case
eggs
from
when
be
not
get
left in their
being
should
May
regards
as
laid and
to
as
broods.
own
it is advisable
of the year
so
In
removed
dummies
be
HATCHING.
ON
earlymonths
common
the stock
should
five females
About
in their
hens
but
male.
NOTES
In
breeding from,
for
when
partialto wandering along hedgerows,
in search
of insects, slugs and
class of food is most
they
can
obtain
vegetable they require but
products of grain.
a
an
suitable
abundant
and
species
some
for all kinds
supply
of
of it and
scanty supply of grain
or
the
62
It
is
This
can
with
the
be
be
the
done
the
to
other
and
week
of
food
the
birds
beneficial
ways
meal,
ground
A
little
It
is
them,
allowed
be
shed
a
soft
they
should
and
be
not
they
should
they
It
is not
of
the
close
be
bowels.
to
the
In
until
This
is
four
than
weeks
occasionally
and
whether
fatten
to
the
killing
those
best
they
are
which
plan
they
is
do
which
ascertain
not
should
a
bed
during
the
Turkeys
fatten,
to
what
apparently
from
while
frequently
airy.
suffer
food,
should
containing
and
the
flesh.
day
be
will
in
to
of
place, which
light
last
soft.
should
they
in
beanthe
the
the
but
but
is
fattening
during
perches,
place
of
quite
sleeping
on.
the
examined
trying
use
and
longer
making
are
any
fed
allowed
rest
firmness
They
their
without
to
and
weather,
will.
near
during
very
turkeys
up
own
fed
them
well
boiled
inclement
building
for
are
pen
their
and
other
material
if
day
food
or
in
except
at
and
it promotes
food
each
are
should
pea-meal,
flavour
the
salt
antiseptic
an
flavour
the
little
little
a
soft
the
to
barley
to
just
improve
soaked
roam
with
tempted
be
to
also
and
advisable
not
fattening
of
wheat
when
If
improve
being
swedes
or
because
poultry,
and
food,
added
be
A
potatoes.
them.
will
celery
especially
more
fattening
for
it will
Full-bodied
for
occasionally.
food
mangel-wurzel
cooked
cooked
of
change
a
the
to
oats
fattening
flesh.
of
soft
of
appetite
give
to
mixing
by
instead
meal
added
advantage
great
a
gress
pro-
healthy.
looseness
dislocating
the
neck
head.
DISEASES.
Turkeys
be
more
treated
medicine
subject
are
in
the
for
same
a
dose.
to
way
the
same
except
diseases
that
as
they
fowls, and
require
should
one-third
63
PART
VI.
PROFITABLE
If'N opinion,
directions
be made
case,
can
duck
pond.
people
in such
to
to serve
place as
fail to
keep
ample
accommodation
this the
when
pay
ordinary care
of
source
pages,
for
provided
a
handy
when
and
When
grass
after
barrel,and
without
pen
a
at
man
water, and
of
undertakes
requirement
pond.
will not
matter,
as
is,a house, yard
especiallyis
ducks
whether
has
to
they
in town
sketched
suitable
More
judiciousmanagement
of management
kept
it.
to
as
are
them
simple
that
a
keep, and
they
then
very
There
to
a
as
absurd
more
seeing
outlay.
opinionexists
every
a
ducks,
small
or
out
years' experience
of
be
can
provided.
be
can
made
country.
following
in the
duck-keeping
in
space.
ducks
to
have
forage
the
over,
advantage
they
than
greater profits
when
of
a
stream
or
large pond,
by judiciousmanagement
can
regards housing, feeding,collection
much
is
profitand pleasure,either
system
much
old
an
tub of water
a
dirtycreatures
This
and
good
to
cask, or
a
conclusion
clean.
is the result of many
limited
and
be
can
to
The
a
themselves
a
how
duck-keeping.
on
are
of clean
pond
a
a
or
great diversityof
made
With
a
have
case
A
be
cask
a
must
pond,
that ducks
lead
likelyto
of matter
in books
arrive at such
be
house, and
abundance
which
in
housing, feeding,
to show
duck
a
Ducks
on
their
to
as
as
be found
Ducks
and
and
think
who
they
a
book
a
is devoted
Space
This,
useless,is
doubt
no
not
which, if followed,would
practicalresults.
some
given
are
management,
and
is
there
my
_L
DUCKS.
of eggs,
kept
"c., be made
in rather confined
to
as
yield
places.
64
ACCOMMODATION.
the
to
near
and
Yard
Duck
the house
ground level,so
that
and
drain
yard
order
be
to
append
and
the
to
Almost
marked
inches
pond
"
margin
that
the centre
The
gutter and
be
should
coke).
coarse
deep
all
This
the
entire
over
care
to
this foundation
that
it may
the surface
all set
"pond, "c., may
or
that
form
should
be
laid down
at
surface,includingthe
retain
the
is wet
prepare
one
of the foundation
with
and
form
brick-bats
the
(waste
the
coarse
cement
least two
and
as
three
to
inches
Beat
it
gutter, pond, "c.
facing by mixing
part of
a
sand,
compact
a
margin."
"
of the
shape
and
small, gritty,
into
part
of
action
breeze
use
and
Portland
gravel
be
the
pond
combined
it must
the
in the upper
with
and
one
from
form
the
out
cement
proportion of
A
pond.
sloping
ground
cement,
will not
similar
a
to
be made
is used
the
six ducks, but
or
portionsfor facing and
together
be made
sides
four
foot to
have
soil removed
with
furnace
or
sand, with
parts of fine siftings,
Damp
for four
space
be about
in the
but
ground,
of the
should
resist the
to
made
a
in the
rubble.
down, taking
While
it has
land.
in the
inch
should
In
description,I
outside
it,and shaped
material
the finer
foundation,mixed
the
anywhere
which
dirt,or anything
Sift out
mass.
of
raised
be
can
Whatever
free from
and
to
The
the
water.
to raise the
be utilized to raise the
concrete,
It
used
diameter, with
in
by
subject to alteration,
ground
largeenough
clinkers from
and
cement
a
frost.
and
remain
the
of
be
one
covered
house, pond,
gutter should
of the
three
Having
the
on
The
plan.
for
(slow setting),
cement
from
is
may
concrete
whole
the
carrying off
course,
fall ot about
a
fall from
shaped pieceof
changed daily.
part of the yard.
damp
and
deep
pond
gutter, lay
with
will not
outwards,
should
water
have
water
feet
two
is, of
water.
feet above
more
or
convenience
suit any
the
on
D.
marked
so
for
and
waste
be
to
situated
be
the
surface
one
a
for-
of material
covered
be
deep, and
drain
fall
kind
to
be
course
well,to
as
any
is to
"
or
understood,
the house
which
shall
there
should
yard
the whole
six inches
ground plan,which
a
duck
drain to receive
a
site,raise
yard,from
and
The
"
and
supply
water
selected the
Having
Pond.
two
cement.
lay on
solid
laid with
the
mass.
a
facing so
The
yard,
flat surface and
65
HOUSE.
DUCK
CROSS
RAILS.
CO
o
"
r
"
5"
o
POND.
ft
o
3-
C
z
o
r
"
YARD.
GUTTER.
66
faced
is
with
economical
very
coating it with
and
"brick-kiln,
from
the
nearest
of
equal parts
with
made
yard
duck
a
dust),tar, and quicklimepowdered, not
free from
(dry and
making
waste
concrete
a
of
way
brick
of burnt
foundation
by laying a
ashes
A
cement.
slaked.
House
and
framework
to
Duck
make
3.
a
top and
long.
the
of the
edge
should
is
bottom
rail should
two
inches
above
meet
the
Board
the
top and
round
enough
the space
above
rail at the back
of the
the back
meet
'coarse of boards
boards
may
be
inches
ends,
the lid of
should
be cut
redressed
At
ways
E
ducks
^thrown
sides should
four
to
the
be
be
can
top
sloped to
used, or
joins in
the
them
over
a
the
that the ducks
so
of air.
overlap
can
so
the
to
the tar
will
it to
The
back.
house
four
about
roof
it
long enough
be taken
can
be
can
too
removed
and
tightly,
to be
removed
Hke
to
rail at the back.
fit in not
with
house
for the ends
off in
made
be
may
floor of the
sist
con-
may
rest
These
on
the
boards
left unfastened
cleaned,and
when
so
necessary
composition.
the entrance, which
about
that it
The
house.
the bottom
easilybe
make
and
as
so
that
so
portioiji
board
rail and
with
nine
on
"
piecesof
cross
they
the centre
box
a
bottom
the
to
water-tightand
the duck
out
and
of wide
by
largeenough
be made
"order to clean
that
above
long
all round.
It must
fixed
The
B.
and
boards
using
eight inches
direct currents
A
rail,all round,
bottom
nailed
rails to
cross
marked
House,"
top rail
the
the
on
rails
of it shall be
overlapping the first,or
subjectedto
the roof
Fix
on
outside.
the
bottom
matchboards
wood
The
flush with
points
front,and
stand
"
uprights, and
the
B.
thus
the
Duck
Thick
stripsof
have
Make
with
house, C
second
shall not
flush
that
posts should
be
to
uprights.
"
front.
and
required is
that
rail at
the top rail in
is
of the
marked
from
reach
to
inches
bottom
All
these
as
so
bottoms
of the
tops
done
points marked
be let in
the
be
thirtyinches
uprights (posts),
to
uprights so
The
with
the
is to
first thing to
yard.
completed
at
gutter
be let into the
level
the
round
go
frame
a
The
"
rail fastened
bottom
When
Fence.
three above
should
board
form
the
ladder
about
nine
the floor of the house.
requirea piece of
a
be
to
with
stripsof
entrance.
A
Of
wood
drop
inches
course
cross-
shutter
is
67
requiredto
dose
of the
out
of
piece
under
inside
similar
a
the roof at the end
advisable
the
damage
where
they
Besides
be made
flowers
would
be very
of
wire-work.
When
When
it
floor boards
this has
and
and
made
on
about
by melting
apply boilinghot.
tar, and
give it and
a
When
of
coat
a
good
is.
It
better than
the
pound
dry
must
enter..
position,
pitch com-
and
in
of
gallon
a
will be
the house
ing
saturat-
could
wet
pitch
with
of the
boilingtar,
of tar
of
have
can
whole
the
where
coat
in pots outside,
constructed
be
can
crevice
a
wire
the wire-work
through
out,
house
yard.
the ducks
When
fixed
every
dried in put
placed
roadway
a
netting is
inside the house
woodwork,
the
from
the
be
may
passage
fits down
Fasten
the
a
put their bills through it
ornamental.
libertya
for them, and
the entrance.
cannot
that
with
of the
it is in every way
as
piece-
a
hole
roof
back
rail all round
the ducks
or
the
at
cut
the
If the
out.
ventilator
mesh,
lerns
greater amount
and
bottom
half-inch
larger sizes.
ventilate the house
farthest from
and
top
to use
To
drop shutter,covering
perforatedzinc
netting to
a
of the
centre
closelymake
very
to
the entrance.
ready
for
occupation.
SELECTION
The
duck
feel
disposed
if
do
they
keep
to
Of
that may
breed
medium-sized
per
worth
advisable
A
food.
can
to
keep
certain
be obtained
has
supply
to
be
ducks
the
produces
its eggs
it where
profitof
are
from
ducks
pure
breeds
laying season,
five to
within
and
pen
of ducks
a
for
can
their management
be
were
prefer a
I
which
has.
average
which
in
were
twelve
which
seven
it is not
portion
of its.
shillingsper
when
even
a
good
a
period of
during
fifteen
faulty
to
of
consumed
purchased. By utilizingthe
a
My
season.
food
may
ducks
common
forage
it cannot
owing
have
five months
during the laying season,
of the house
profit. If
the
of the
months, consequently there
the
who
of these, and
any
be
to
had
value
the
duck
The
months.
during
ninety during
twice
least
Of
I have
but
eggs
many
head, about
at
certain
possible to
lay badly.
Aylesbury,
produced quite as
been,
it is
course
chose
profitcan
it is almost
succeed
not
for
ducks
the
and
Pekin,
Runner,
good layers; therefore,those
each
are
management.
laying
Indian
Aylesbury, Cayuga,
common
STOCK.
OF
waste
kept
to
every
from
head
ment
requirethe
food
yield a greater
better understood
in
68
this country there would
kept
best
of their value
account
on
be hundreds
of the
very
quality.
FOOD
THE
As
regards
among
the
milk, an
This
DUCK.
shell.
It
seems
and
everything that
are
contained
complete
in
food
a
food
than
milk, in
an
The
kept.
eggs
is
an
and
; but
is.
no
a
perfect animal.
a
is made
creature
some
its
perfectdevelopment
fact,and
it shows
concentrated
albumen, oil,and
the
and
abode
food
for this
importantthat
or
absolutelyfree
kept
sweet
and
of the
water
from
clean.
place
and
food
and
there
water
this
water
they
where
the flavour
alone, if
food
life.
the
upon
in
as
are,
flavour,but
strong
a
reason
the
how
nourishing
saline matter
qualityof
sanitarycondition
astonishing,and
be
have
the
after it
easilydigestedif not damaged
more
ducks
from
muscles, bones, feathers,
is the
such
It is also
there is
of
Like
it does
as
twenty-fourhours
requiresfor
effect of odorous
should
place of
egg
the first
mystery how
entirelyupon
greater, it is very
ducks
the fact that
during
articles of diet.
itself,
containing
development
creature
The
of
almost
they have,
in
prices,they
average
rightproportion for sustaininganimal
eggs
depends
a
at
food
by
a
egg
egg.
the
The
an
Indeed
cooking.
it
by
food
as
nutritious
for the
evident
very
EGGS.
most
complete
a
OP
of eggs
cheapest and
sustained
quits its
VALUE
value
necessary
is made
it and
the
is
egg
everything
in
of them
more
of food
producers
as
PEKIN
are
of thousands
were
are
of the
not
a
provided for
impure matter,
and
their
7"
exercise, which
For
with
is
the
and
food
animal
5ome
with
supplied
boiled
be
and
handful
If
they are
should
have
in confined
places ducks
food
daily,and
soft food
of insect food
up
and
placed for
be
composed
they
them
duck
meal
a
they
are
should
have
some
to
eat
of the refuse
if so
from
and
they
fatten should
have
It is advisable
eat
some,
as
to
mince
corner
be
shell
and
the green
duck
a
are
seven
occupy
or
more
ducks
food, and
should
eight weeks
than
two
or
laying.
When
well
as
to
bones
Their
as
green
take
the
pounded
soft food may
of the
house
Poultry," which
and
equally
than
matter
much
as
Even
to
fowls).
food for
not
them
penned
up
to
healthy. Rape,
each
suitable.
ducklings.
FOOD.
there should
in this vessel
and
those
keep
vegetable
green
turnip-topsare
Shell
FATTENING
Young
food
free
a
aliment, a
morning.
fresh
SHELL
yard
placed (see"Grit
other
supply
have
it tends
AND
of
on
and
animal
all times.
at
GRIT
should
Bold
rOOD.
ducklings should
will
are
laying,and
Feeding
"
on
lettuce, onion-tops, cabbage
grit and
For
depends
it is not
disposed.
the food
from
when
requireanimal
GREEN
the
be
eat.
suitable.
is
and
night
appliesto ducks, but they require more
In
should
will
they
food
when
vegetables (see chapter
as
confinement
they
they
as
When
not.
insects, green
kept
food
in
made
DUCKS.
is sufficient for each
laying they
Ducks
kept
kept for breeding
ducks
layingor
obtain
can
of oats
place
soft food
wheat
STOCK
feeding of
proper
whether
range
tailed
or
have
it, and
to
vegetable
FEEDING
upon
If
ment.
perfectdevelop-
fattening.
is too
The
added
green
maize,
oats,
should
they
vegetables.
should
much
as
evening meal,
wheat
meal
morning
middlings
for their
essentially
necessary
be
the
Food
a
corn
vessel
ing
contain-
for the
ducks
").
DUCKS.
be
old,and
penned
the
three weeks.
up
to
fatten
fattening
process
Almost
any
before
should
kind
they
not
of meal
71
is suitable
in
for
which
skim
milk
boiled
used
for
make
to
with
and
mixed
four
or
and
mixed
them.
To
stimulate
little salt may
in
or
access
to
While
out
they
beneficial
very
added
to
fattening.
To
old ducks
same
of the
refillthe
of
a
same
in
away
a
The
vessel
be
before
wash
The
would
prove
this
For
be
other
are
of
point
poultry.
treated
and
penned
and
they
the
on
or
ducks
should
in
not
down
grit in
be
hose, which
the
refilled with
the
can
place when
clean
the
yard
should
done
ducks,
with
conveyed
be
to the
broom, then
pond by
coiled and
"
should
daily,adding
water
bass
a
the water
sweep
put
means
carefully
with.
grit vessel
"
STOCK.
OF
lettingout
water
rubber
damp
allowed
be
pen.
and
pond.
litter,
peat
last week
it is
until
be
celery seed, may
the
during
MANAGEMENT
pond
of
except that drakes
way,
morning,
piece of
quantity
a
should
of their flesh.
flavour
should
and
and clean themselves.
fatteningducks
they
should
food, which
green
the
for
bed of stable
a
to preen
barley boiled
food
DAILY
out
some
daily meals
or
ducklings
daily they
small
very
excellent
in the
the
have
improve
a
The
is
fattening
spicy condiments
place on
noon
be fed
matter
in
greatly assist
food.
hour, in order
an
animal
a
meal
enough
be
if some
; and
form
meal
ducklings should
the
it will
the
about
Wheat
preciselythe
In
warm
and
fatten
kept
and
of the
one
bursting is
to
should
celery,or
purpose
be
for
should
appetitemild
added
At
water
the food
the
dark
straw.
moss,
There
day
a
and
Potatoes
little maize
a
and
stiff,
times
with
be
rather
a
rather
cooked.
liquor
middlings (coarsemiddlings
or
fatteningducks.
cooked
kept
meal
with
be scalded
been
fine
with
wheat
the food
it three
has
matter
and
suitable),
food
good
animal
some
not
are
fatteningducks, b.ut it should
washed
be
fresh
and
gritwhen
the
it is
required.
Place
necessary
the
shut
ducks
"grit
up.
food
renew
their
The
cannot
whole
Add
bed.
The
vessel."
is about
Who
for the ducks, let them
last
time
it ?
corn
thing at night
to
the
shake
the
up
the average.
and
if
water, "c., in
ducks
should
required dailyin looking after
half-an-hour,on
spare
their
out, then
a
pen
be
of
72
DISEASES.
The
Disease
and
Loss
"
add
it to
usually
the
in
dose
of
Acute
Enteric
of
result
ducks
of young
legs, falling over
Septic
annually.
to their
on
backs,
ducks
To
eyes.
food
a
also
;
the
add
This
forward
its tongue
chiefly
their
and
them
amongst
skinned,
The
from
breeding
in
given
may
form
be
Of
tends
kept
to
this
of
supply
swedes,
cooked
fed
to
where
vegetable
ducks,
they
can
keep
they
roots
ducks
cannot
should
day
of which
in
a
be
or
fed
too
products
be
eggs
thin-
barley
the
ducks
or
kept
able
are
meal
to
should
moderate
two
matter
should
much.
roots,
condition.
them
when
disease
the
they
vegetable
grass,
to
of
feed
to
animal
have
breeding
should
when
some
healthy
obtain
the
and
ducks
producing
vegetable
green
it.
healthy
by foraging, and
hardly
it is
behind
cause
grain
advisable
a
When
their
duck
medium-sized
with
once
food
evening.
the
part.
A
of suitable
supply
a
than
more
with
for
It is not
change.
a
their
to
a
both
predisposing
oats,
round
dose
remarkably
staple food
full-bodied
for
corn
meals
or
DISEASE.
feeding
generous
to
the
pass
keep
chief
grain, the
short,
to
suitably feeding
Ducks
young.
is too
Of
grain.
in
oil
or
OF
consists
properly managed.
obtain
food
to
Powder
Krekodyne
medicine
PREVENTION
for
or
dirt collects
Roup
add
Roup
giving
When
draw
to
of
them
water.
necessary
Indian
morning,
Powder
Krekodyne
suffering from
are
cure
drinking
stock
night and
oil
sweet
water.
When
are
is
thousands
of power
Give
"
the
drinking
be
Roup,
diarrhoea.
Treatment.
of
are
ducks
latter
destroys many
Symptoms.
and
The
Cramp.
Disease, which
of
ailments
principal
"c.,
some
every
such
When
cabbage
day.
as
they
or
73
PART
VII.
PROFITABLE
GEESE.
SELECTION
TlHERE
which
will
for them
land
the
over
to
Embden
less
not
than
old.
years
is for that
one
Birds
old, and
year
selectingthem
In
and
preference,
about
of
are
nearly equal
three
they
long
are
from
birds
be
should
should
with
run
many
it is of
suitable
more
bodied
should
geese
because
breeding
and
mother,
preferredby
goose
for
used
sufficient
frequentlygoing
too
reason
Toulouse
Toulouse,
has
owner
be
to
and
is the closer sitter,better
prefer the
build.
the
varieties
two
bird,and
some
compact
more
the Embden
having
The
goose
also the better table
a
of geese,
without
ground.
farmers, while
STOCK.
yield a profit when
graze
same
The
rnerit.
kinds
two
are
OP
be
at
five
have
the
each
gander.
HOUSING.
Geese
are
comfortably
A
dry
hardy, but
very
housed
than
and
well-sheltered
of
early laying.
more
would
space
for it to have
an
material, there is
it
absorbing
for
be
not
any
freely.
for
suitable
For
ducks.
expensive bedding
material
the
large quantity that
would
bed
under
either ducks
them.
or
Dried
geese.
this
ground
It is also
As
than
peat
Clean
a
are
of from
five geese,
regards bedding
moss,
straw
very
motive
pro-
advantage
an
or
required to keep
fern-tops make
or
it is the
reason
are
space
for four
for either ducks
be
they
bed,
warm
floor.
concrete
more
and
a
when
well accommodated.
so
largeenough
rather
to
dry
advantage.
an
bedding
a
better
not
building with
asphalte or
moisture
material
A
do when
and
pen,
feet will be
fortyto fifty
square
but
they
thrive much
a
owing
most
to
able
suit-
would
prove
geese,
owing
fairlyclean
suitable
bed
for
74
FEEDING.
On
sufficient
addition
of
the
to
the
food
with
turnips,
swedes,
mixed
vegetables
and
with
animal
most
up,
cabbage,
oats,
some
little
a
any
dried
scanty,
supplied
be
and
without
during
is
herbage
vegetables
middlings,
thrive
themselves
should
they
other
with
for
other
and
snow
or
will
geese
procure
can
grass
covered
or
land
they
When
year.
frozen
suitable
cooked
or
matter.
INCUBATION.
The
and
a
hen
four.
thirtieth
hollow
should
be
of
in
damp
thirteen,
It
especially
turkey
seven,
if the
they
shells
make
the
on
nest
eggs
of
days
ten
under
large
the
dry
last
set
are
a
their
is
the
during
when
and
to
weather
hens,
common
breaking
advisable
water
warm
or
be
is
and
ground,
turkeys,
a
should
young
with
more
geese,
incubation.
damped
incubation,
given
The
day
under
set
be
may
or
a
be
may
goose
three
the
in
eggs
hen
or
food
as
a
turkey.
FEEDING
Young
if
and
they
not
must
market
or
three
with
access
but
those
on
stubble.
be
hatched
should
weeks
to
intended
early
put
before
up
they
of
for
be
to
in
the
are
a
will
in
soon
should
required
for
for
for
way
market.
food,
green
to
have
table
same
of
commence
Those
the
of
supply
market
ready
class
same
larger
year.
fatten
to
the
on
they
grass
Geese
be
fed
be
addition
the
have
themselves,
if
should
goslings
but
ducklings,
GOSLINGS.
some
keep
food
Michaelmas
at
the
as
Christmas
ducks
two
75
PART
VIII.
POULTRY-FARMING.
INTRODUCTORY.
general verdict is, Poultry-farming cannot
T''HE
pay."
to
Yet
of
thrive
when
lay
many
as
those
than
more
kept
or
in
a
more
say
twice
than
many
they
stock,and
should
be
managed.
purchased
be
fowls
the
very
this
in
for
Eggs
deducting
of
rent
all reasonable
invested,and
in
poultry-farmingis
of
cost
in
and
court
when
kept
in
from
larger
diseased,and
if necessary
system
of
fowls
many
small
groups
groups,
the
and
if contracted
by
manage
can
only
majority of
the
diseased
less
the value
surplus
great drawback
that,
of money
of the
eggs
from
to
due
unproductiveness
loss from
the
disease
yield of
average
fowls
it may
destruction
To
kept together.
are
the
be the
to
large flocks.
in rather
disaster,for the unavoidable
increased
a
poultry-farm
labour, interest
in the
on
five
success
to
management
mis-
feeding.
of fowls
large number
to
a
or
Poultry-farmingis generallyunderstood
a
fowls
for stock
to
will
will then
following pages
from
expenses,
disease
how
more
a
in the
produced,there would be a fair income
The
fowls properlymanaged.
hundred
in
know
to
eggs
free range.
a
have
they
risk,owing
evident
farm,
on
settingor fowls
being
country
they
keeping
start
do not
considerable
It will be made
condition.
after
at
they
because
to
attempt
or
produce
that
when
because
made
food, that they
and
do
to
persons
why,
us
will
of their
space,
large scale, but they usually fail
unsound
of fowls
the cost
limited
very
tell
do not
so
breeds
eggs
facts encourage
These
who
facts that most
dispute the
the value
be
"
be
are
stamped
of the
advocated
poultry-farming
immensely
they
are
is greater than
liable
out
first group
in these
is
of
this is to
When
eggs
less
do
keeping
pages
with
to
become
little loss
attacked.
depends
The
in
a
76
great
measure
upon
successful
the
system of dealing. It is certain that
a
poultry-farmermust
be
a
of
person
be
to
business
good
capabilities.
THE
In
to
selectingthe
into
be taken
the
produce,
whether
location
outbuildingsor
are
It
storehouses, "c.
where
produce
is of
is
market
a
at remunerative
pricesthroughout
it is
may
in
out-of-the-wayplace, because
an
other
many
to
be very
Soil.
It is
"
upon
gravelly
fowl-houses
the
undoubtedly
houses
the
should
When
the
wintry weather
advantage
Size.
ground
each
could
farm
take
of
carriage and
a
located
as
near
fixityof
be
used
aspect
built
for
and
up
down
situation
their north
on
and
made
be
and
make
to
roadways.
The
be
sides
of
ranges
it.
across
secured
a
wood
cold winds
from
poultryruns
is
south-west
or
slope,not
cannot
east
footings for
runs.
the
a
of for
use
construct
south
poultry
reasons
drier,contains
course
to
thrive
will not
for many
can
duck-ponds,
on,
acre
thousand
of land,
room
for
fowls
a
be
can
dwelling-house
In
should
between
I.,they will
the ranges
fruit-growing.
in
a
be
taken
upon
and
thriving condition
ten
not
of
are
cover
also
half of the
poultry-housesshould
some
placed in
are
built in accordance
one
This
acres.
stores,
fact,if only eight fowls
fowl-houses,and they
in Part
kept
eight thousand
or
for cultivation.
of the
plans
spaces
A
allows
space
the
Though
of.
"
one
upon
in it
that will protect the
obstacle
any
of the
to
fowls
It is of
stones
favourable
above
be
obtain
to
be absolute
that
gentle slope facing
best
be
should
suppose
the
stand
A
"
cost
a
erecting
bulk
the year.
there should
preferred.
and
to
Situation.
in
be
concrete, which
making
for the
properly managed, yet
gritty matter,
most
to
erroneous
is to
one
advantage
of the
farm
The
of
cost
great mistake
very
for
years.
soil when
any
a
possible,and
as
for twenty-one
tenure
or
low
disadvantages.
large town
a
the
hand
at
rental
market
a
outbuildings are
save
greatest
near
things
many
from
Good
not.
the
are
of soil, supply of water,
would
they
there
distance
as
of tenancy, nature
great advantage, because
premises
of the farm
consideration,such
terms
there
FARM.
with
land.
the
The
be utilized for
78
sold
for
good
a
soft
fowls
the
September
price
for
will have
food, which
laying until
late in the
will realize
good price.
fowls
farmyard
tendency
a
remarkable
a
which
disappeared,almost
would
be
preferredfor
and
to
handy
a
of the
in
a
a
lime
has
once
a
doing heavy
a
fresh
be
also be
which
towns
when
done
sold for
more
to
surprising.
will
have
there
are
in
mostly employed
and
work
and
ing
superintend-
required ;
should
he
the
be
management
be
must
the fowls
time
and
done
be
must
In their spare
lime-washing
soft
preparing
Everything
"c.
to
properlyarranged,
Upon
frequentlythan
less
from
removed
a
layer of
dust
every
under
suitable
droppings, should
A
the
the
fed,
men
cleaningthe
clear
be
kept
should
be
entirelyremoved,
The
runs
with
chaff,waste
should
stable
should
be renewed
manure
can
the
on
be
from
every
corn
three
be obtained
with, if not required for manuring
than
it cost
for
carriage,"c.
the
The
to
house
in
which
a
roostingshelf.
bedded
a
day,
perches.
each
dry earth,
or
third
rake, dust shovel, and
added, should
supply.
large
the
the dust
six inches
manure,
other
easilyattend
can
be
regularhour
employed
not
or
should
been
week
each
cultivatingland.
or
minute.
than
would
would
At
be
receptacle for
least
in
men
doing this,supplied with
person
boys
houses
women
food,water,
green
Every day,
a
twelve
mainly depends.
should
droppings
these
white-legged fowls, which
good poultry man.
a
success
fowl-houses,
a
The
systematicmanner.
boys
with
being represented,and
thousand
one
manager
and
farm
in
; the
A
man,
suppliedwith
and
and
appearance
dressing poultry for market,
eggs,
boys.
and
spare.
food for the fowls
the
resemble
scarce
MANAGEMENT.
women,
fowls
time
have
packing
in
two
men,
thousand
eight
houses
the
continue
to
very
with
the table.
GENERAL
Two
of
good percentage
a
are
eggs
mongrel
crossbreed
every
them
of
end
fed
generously
cause
most
the
the result will be rather
their
extent
be
stocking
When
select those
to
when
autumn,
in separate houses, and
place
To
a
killed should
be
to
From
sittingpurposes.
to
for
the
little
About
and
replaced by
the
depth
mill,or
or
of at
stable
sweet
four months.
a
less
mere
In
and
trifle,
land, it
may
be
79
TREATMENT
OF
Gratings,which
the
with
pieces of
be
placed to
to
sit.
and
wood
inches
two
ways,
'
part of the pens
upper
The
they
fed
are
two
apart.
On
that the
so
once
and
food, and
faintlysaline
Epsom
should
have
except
sufficient.
much
food
fowls.
cook
and
be
turnip-tops,swedes,
other
crusher
bone
good
wheel-barrows, with
most
wide,
so
food
be
found
"be
placed
square
to
on
boxes
The
with
be
in
a
the
a
very
suitable
or
trolleys
without
barrows
to
machine
be
have
as
food
food, such
into
fragments
be
in the
food
very
and
long
light
to
two
feet
The
soft
shovel
will
it.
mixing
for conveyance
and
removed, will be
passages.
for
ditiously
expe-
is necessary.
strong wooden
instrument
the
cabbage,
as
lighttrolleysor
can
for the
will
conveying
For
be
superintend
green
a
should
that
be three feet
and
day,
a
the
It
can
fowls
in
along
the
lids.
with
barrow
feeding-cage doors
garden
A
sides which
large tubs,
should
other
and
requisite.
inconvenient
laying
would
corn
large boilers
more
animal
should
when
feeding,
over-
eat.
the fowl-houses
They
be
to
trolleyor
passages,
And
not
be mixed
can
or
food.
upright
suitable.
as
ordinary food they
they will
tion
informa-
against
of
meal
their
is also
If
will be
greedilytwice
will eat
good
mangolds,
from
and
things to
found
and
of wood
the
caution
a
one
large quantity of
a
up
To
II.
only
of the
required
salts,they
person's specialduty
one
mixing
in Part
they
as
as
not
days.
adding
mangolds, swedes,
cut
A
when
building one
It should
cooking
to
roots
or
convenient
a
"fixed to
addition
In
green
In
when
Sundays,
on
should
their drinking
forceegg-pnductionfowls
to
-
FEEDING.
dealt with
food
much
as
four
OP
that
out
with
in at most
in it I must,
point
see
cross
their fellows.
soft
can
made
hens
be made
day sparinglywith
feedingis
contained
gratings broody
should
be
together
hear
SYSTEM
Food
nailed
broodiness,if they are
hens
of their broodiness
cured
these
wide
and
a
is made
water
poultry-houses,should
inches
of their
the floor in
required on
of that part of the pen
door
wirework,
in the
about
them
cure
HENS.
placedwhen
be
may
BROODY
trowel
or
the soft food
to
the
is taken
rightand
left
other suitable instrument
are
a
opened,
sufficiency
8o
of food
for each
this way
boy
a
In less time
with
food
green
large baskets,
be
he
minced
can
placed in
the
when
and
which
and
fowls
the
other
with
of the
that
so
the
the
to
can
fowls
with
reach
liable to
a
broken
be
continuous
Should
there be
to
adopting
the
thousand
fowls
conducted
to
Ducks."
The
and
must
to
water
become
of water
other
no
it from
above
it
water, and
gutters
not
it by
to
tank
the
gutters.
water
can
force-pump. By
a
quickly supply eight
can
this system
water
advised
as
and
remain
pipes and
tank
in
cleansed
in
the
also
can
"
be
Profitable
occasionally,
pipes
or
gutters
SUMMARY.
NUMBER
After
satisfaction
many
that
AND
if not
farmyard fowls,
lay on
allowed
in that
VALUE
years' experience
advised, will each
produce
of
is not
elevated
an
are
frozen.
GENERAL
year,
in
supply by
be flushed
be allowed
the
supplying
If there
ways.
means
constructed
must
of
the
which
drinking-vessels,
person
by
which
through
the
filling
of
skirting-boardon
means
be stored
can
of
one
In the
This
of
structed
con-
part of it opposite each
a
in other
source
duck-ponds
in
on
be
must
gutter
be made
must
from
system
with
in
cost
means
the
fowls
formed
gutter be
a
This
inches.
frost and
to the houses
driven
be
the
save
the
to
run.
regards supplying the
that
drink.
to
by
supply
conducted
and
will
the
ing
object of reducing work-
as
runs.
two
aperture
an
forward
water
of the
of about
run
this
do
will remain
water
conveyed
the
recommend
front
depth
front of the
fowls
To
I must
in
scatter
feeding-dishes.
with
arranged
expenses.
water
outside
house
be
must
just their
SUPPLY.
WATER
Everything
hour.
one
of fowls
pen
should
be
in
boy being supplied
the
for each
measure
of corn,
allowance
proper
The
that will
fowls
thousand
one
be fed with corn,
can
feeding-dishes.In
the
placedin
is
easilyfeed
can
fowls
the
vessel
a
of fowls
pen
it has
selected
the average
to sit.
time
OF
At
this rate
1,280,000 eggs,
EGGS.
been
and
more
proved
treated
than
i6o
eight thousand
which
at
one
as
eggs
to
herein
in
fowls
penny
my
one
will
each
8i
would
realize
is
(which
certainlybelow
country, for
the
would
be
The
head
one
fowls
; but
for
year
at this rate
even
the above
"'1,733^s.
rather above
having
half
than
more
(calculated
by
ton
a
8s.
6^d.
week
than
fowls
fowls
by
would
corn
allow
to
the average
in the
winter
in the
for
and
fed for
be
fed for less thaa
the last
based
seven
years.
eightthousand
year, and
for waste.
per
penny
following estimate
the
one
weights
one
could
be
can
allow
daily for
each
ounce
one
of
tons
produced
rulingpricesduring
the average
Eighty-two
That
evident
is made
amount
shilling-
a
value, even
be
eight thousand
8d.
for
FOOD.
OF
fed for less per
be
can
would
"^,571
COST
fourteen
at
market
average
fair percentage
a
the amount
months)
If sold
6s. 8d.
"5,333
,
would
be
Average price per
ton
pricesof
there
fowls
five
"y.
quarters),
Total, "574.
The
weight being given
Total,
of meal
weight
saftie
fowl.
each
to
of course,
would,
allow
Average price
of the
same
"6.
ton,
per
"492.
hundred
One
would
provide
two
Average price per
allow
would
fowl
fowl
of
tons
having
having
cabbage
one
and
allow
Total
for waste.
"98
8s.
granulated meat,
as
one-fourth
swedes,
of
an
ounce
daily.
would
allow
Total, "294.
"14.
ton,
fowl
known
meat,
and
mangolds
together,12s.
of dried
for each
Average priceper
for each
taken
tons
Eighty-two
for each
ounces
ton
Twenty-one
of
sixty-fourtons
and
other
or
food
green
daily. Average priceper
ounce
ton,
los.
Total, "41.
quantitiestogether amount
These
of
dry
and
would
be
would
to
be
through,
cost
greatly
dry),and
with
mix
of
food for each
green
the
increased
a.
the meal
fowls
Ten
earth
to
tons
to
be
the
the
five
the bulk
animal
and
food
be
as
soft food.
able to eat
Taking
ounces
weight
(which
swedes
the
all this food.
year
Total
8s.
of coal would
placein
given
not
OF
COST
and
daily,
by cooking
than
more
great proportion of the mangolds and
would
food, "1,499
fowl
to
FUEL
AND
suffice for
dust-boxes
and
to
GRIT.
cooking the food, to
scatter
on
the
bura
roosting-
82
shelf.
.and
Ten
and
crush
to
of
supply
be
and
of to
a
the
than
more
and
bones
and
considerable
very
With
for
eight
in each,
eight thousand
be
less
The
;f3,500.
The
condition, utensils
of
created,out
and
of
cost
and
and
than
cost, which
couple
this
scheme
must
in
these
two
women
be
for
kept
in
rebuilding
outlay
ings
build-
on
4/6 per couple
annual
cost
stock
on
(thiswould
would
be
be
in
if not
much,
less than
not
If the
stock,"Si.
they would
young
be
Allow
cent., "36.
per
of
would
prime
more,
the
4/6
down.
set
has
which
OP
been
labour
admitted
that
the cost
pages
Eight
at
of the
the average
as
poultry-farming,
by
be
annual
readilysell for quite as
would
of labour
cost
fund
a
at four
sum
when
COST
In
fowls
Total
directed
as
condition
per
and
cent,
per
buildingscould
for
STOCK.
loss of one-twentieth
killed
they
OP
on
likelyto occur)"45.
are
laid on,
four
at
required
the stores,
water
sum
Total
eight thousand
the interest
for the annual
fowls
this
other
annum.
be
utensils,"^340.
The
be
and
food.
of houses, with
on
provided,
COST
;fgoo,
there
valuable
would
equipped, and
and
houses
"'200 per
be
houses
number
interest
good
"'140.
refuse
for animal
the item
thousand
one
built and
be
would
made
BUILDINGS.
The
would
and
such
amongst
refuse
large boarding
a
littlemoney,
food, which
fowls.
"c., required,could
than
for very
course,
OP
in
may
The
purposes.
kitchen
saving in
COST
and
institution
large
a
other
the
Of
animal
cheaper
a
"1"].
from
fowls.
is not
coal,
quantitiesof coal
These
also be secured
the
the
with
fowls,if there
for fuel and
that
may
feed
be
effect
gritfor
mix
requiredto
available.
used
table
"establishment
would
be
refuse,cinders,ashes, "c., from
the
use
as
cost
not
obtained
from
use
would
grittymatter
"coke would
The
of coke
tons
thousand
at
LABOUR.
well
found
as
to
is reduced
by
g/-,twelve
be
can
a
Every
great advantage,and
much
be attended
boys
industries,the
of management
is very
at
other
great drawback.
a
has
the system
of labour
fowls
in many
advocated
reduced.
toby
8/-a week,
it
two
and
men
a
at
manager
21/-,
at
83
;^ioo per
Total
annum.
exceeded, except
of
means
Within
"
would
and
be
for
"50
it roots,
on
and
grown
other
made
of
sum
land, which
produce
distance
of the land
taxes
exceed
not
advantage,
could
cultivation
reasonable
a
rent, rates, and
fowls
This
12s.
should
not
be
would
be
the
the profits.
increasing
Rent.
the
for the
"505
of
large
a
required for eight
additional
; but
even
land
would
other food
cabbage, and
thousand
be
great
a
fowls
for the
great saving effected by doing this.
a
could
also be grown,
the
town
Fruit
being
poultry manure
of to fertilize the soil.
use
STATEMENT.
The
profitshown
would
fowls, which
that any
number
principle.
could
easilymanage
A
N.B.
than
see
why
reason
no
build
increasinghis
a
a
boy
going
the fore-
profitof nearly "130
per
lose money
likelyto
more
likelyto
customers
them
stock
exceed
for fowls
pair,if
one
by
The
young
should
required.
as
time
spare
not
A
; and
be
handy
while
graduallygaining experience and
be
would
built
in his
one
supply
the demand,
killed when
5/- per couple.
the houses
he would
that
of fowls
large number
a
and
of customers.
connection
the
be
Poultry
-farmingis
novice in
A
"
could
not
of his wife and
the
on
including wages.
graduallyaccumulated
a
kept
gain it.
I
man
be
can
evident
fowls,and according to
would
there
it is made
but
the assistance
with
man
thousand
keeping eight
eight to eight thousand
five hundred
calculations
not
of
result
requirea large capital;
from
same
annum
is the
and
weigh
and
of reliable fresh
there
not
sold at
would
less
a
than
be
no
nine
price not
eggs
is
lack
of
pounds
exceeding
EXTENSION
The
of
system
tred
fowls
for
poultry-farming already
be extended
advantage
great
addition
of
way
interfere
with
for egg
As
sixteen
such
for
occupy
an
to
fowls
forage
there
houses
between
In
over.
The
paddock.
that
the
male
through
would
be very
wires
fastened
fence
The
thick,
hot
four
are
breed
call
other
twelve
to
would
the
one
four
of fowls
"
in the
made
and
from
A
the
with
fence
other
should
or
ground
for
liberty in
the
such
be
should
each
fight at
to
fences
iron
be trained
may
allow
would
creosoted
may
mere
the
birds
at
one
This
they
to
in
male
be well
of
freedom
clear of leaves
are
should
ground,
crossing
casting wires,"
trees
twelfth
every
galvanised
fence.
from
keeping
pulletskept
fruit-trees
the
would
facing paddock
get
or
which
from
when
placed
cannot
Boarded
Two
wide,
them
paddocks
these
fowls
pen.
enough
any
the
at
adjoining ones
or
be
not
wirework
between
tarred
"
hens
The
more
and
in
allowing
eleven
or
and
bird
male
a
extra
constructing parallel
By
houses
inches
lime-wash
feet.
and
suitable,against
Casting Wires.
along,
kept
any
feet
three
of the
fence.
the
shelter
them
be
eight
forty feet apart,
posts supporting the fence
they
stock
of their food.
have
the
in
contain
side, and
there
fences
being
tefore
the
in
not
advantage gained
houses, they would
eight
then
birds
other
the
each
portion
a
to
sixteen
each
on
be from
for
between
females
fight through
to
should
not
the
by
feet,including
about
the
production,
pens
by
need
be covered
passage
a
pure-bred
should
egg
half
a
house, counting six
space
and
not
managing
there
fowl-house
sixteen
area
ten
need
of
system
foraging
each
with
of these
ranges
the
the
will not
six and
by
houses,
seven
stock
pure-bred
that
pure-bred
ground-space
is
their eggs.
with
production.
incurred
the
ty
of pure-
rearing
the
with
may
DEVELOPMENT.
regards accommodation,
expense
described
embrace
to
as
OF
The
merely
so
profitablesale along
METHOD
any
SYSTEM.
OF
be
of
fruit.
and
or
to
tarred
with
coated
quicklime.
five
feet
eight
over
be
high
inches
it.
very
with
above
These
fine.
wires
two
run
it,will keep
wires,
which
They
any
I will
should
be
86
to
By referring
there
is
chicks
be
can
only the
the
screen
over
from
set
can
in the
better method
them
be allowed
this way
trouble
having
is
hatch,
to
the
a
hens
chicks, and
found
be
to
there
very
are
be
reared
look
favours
the
as
it
development
free exercise
it,and
of
maintenance
Hatching
to
and
has
and
"
is the
he
is
stock
that
difficulty
disposalof pure-bred stock
likelyto
he must
be
able to
A
On
close
been
be
very
in
them
the
very
atmosphere
especiallyfavourable
Feed
OF
STOCK.
see
at remunerative
the
Part IV.,
to encounter
prices.
large quantity of
This
of his stock time
to
Chickens."
has
poultry-farmer
gain a high-classreputation.
some
by successfully
exhibiting
have
the
the contrary cold checks
to
a
many
even
make
to
This
not
should
fuller information
dispose of
time
brooding
warm,
warm
How
the
full
the
chickens
are
for
there
chicks
For
less
especiallyin
of which
the
air is
then
with
many
more
used
case
of disease.
and
the year.
have
any
influences.
perfecthealth.
greatest
be
tendency
a
and
naturally there
keep
in the open
Rearing"
who
may
DISPOSAL
The
those
mDst
variety,
a
should
during
during
eggs
when
hens
being occupied a long
positiveboon,
a
transfer
to
after it is dark.
hens
broody
not
For
is
susceptibleto atmospheric
"
after
the hens
now
used
to
much
a
days,
can
satisfactory.In
weather,
three
or
largernumber
of the year
little artificial heat
severest
for two
Artificial Mothers
broody.
The
night
incubator
early months
and
incubator
an
consequently laj-more
good
the whole
on
at
great advantage gained.
a
It is
them
to
wire
a
incubated
be
to
under
period of incubation, and
sittingwould
hens
in the pens.
eggs
placed
much
a
than
under
in
be reared
dummy
be
place
food.
of the pen
the outside
on
they
choice
to
necessary
pen.
the chicks
to
on
should
the chicks
In
hens
sit
to
of each
corner
hatch
to
broody
to
ground
and
birds of prey.
and
cats
be
may
preferto place eggs
who
one
the
pen,
prevented eating their
small, it
are
in the
her
outside,where
land
the
to
on
go
and
a
confined
be
may
that
seen
hen
where
fowl-house
thus
the hen
it will be
Fowl-Houses,"
"
hen
to
portion of
a
Those
The
allowed
chicks
protect them
I.,
in each
kept.
fed, and
While
Part
pen
chicks
be
may
small
a
REARING.
AND
HATCHING
may
Before
eggs
and
be obtained
after time.
This,
87
is
however,
a
a
reputation,for
also
must
been
them.
have
is the surest
The
"whom
for
of
they send
were
from
in
another
from
and
sittingof
at
sending
notice
eggs
their
of
a
process,
there
necessity
whose
those
are
not
are
redress
swindling,
of the
offered
is
poultry,and
from
brought
under
been
poultry have
quality
poultry-dealers
are
have
cases
if they
as
infertile,
usually
diseased
yards
from
person
The
?
eggs
or
hatched
only
Kingdom
of diseased
introduction
Is
half-price. There
from
out
the
large stocks
where
slow
a
frequentlyprove
eggs
the chicks
bargained for,
are
worked
dealing
they have purchased
that
The
stock.
own
all parts of the United
my
fair
littlebetter than
instances
and fowls
eggs
stock
fact that
the
in many
instances
many
kind
who
their
the facts
independentlyof prize-
who
This, though
purchase
to
arises
out
you
prizeshave
commendable.
most
dealing is
for
-and
those
of customers.
it is advisable
enquiring
but
gained,together with
by systematicadvertising and
and
obtaining
borne
certain
the fact that
are
be
to
question is constantlybeing asked.
system
or
There
connection
good
a
the expenses
certain distinctions
and
pertainingto
up
only have
not
of
expensivemethod
and
extensivelyadvertise
won,
winning
uncertain
very
ruined
been
the
by
stock.
ADVERTISING.
Of
things 'advertising
requires the
all
discrimination,and
are
certain
coals
are
There
made.
there
enough
"scale of
read
in papers
purchasers.
low, it is
chieflyby
those
:seminating a general knowledge
It is advisable
become
regular advertiser,for
should
because
is not
to
be
a
become
there
necessary
familiar
is
a
to
to
with
of matters
select
keepers.
the
a
out
of
of
there
if the
advertise
the
are
your
become
likely to
means
more
or
paper
of dis-
that
the
and
weekly, nor
A
to
readers
advertising,
dealing with strangers.
season.
find
interestingto poultry-
of the person
name
large sum
advertising anything
one
sending
because
likelyto
most
it is necessary
generaldistrust
spend
be
to
not
are
which
mistakes
even
principle,
who
papers
wise
advisable
not
be
may
saying about
same
poultry-farmerwill
The
by advertisingin
"customers
old
an
the
On
already.
is very
charges
is
infers that it is not
Newcastle, which
to
goods
be
to
careful the advertiser
however
of
amount
greatest
It
is it advisable
simple straight-
88
forward
of what
statement
have
you
of forms
dispose
to
the
best
advertisement.
ADVICE
ascertain
To
the
purchasers
should
take
phrase
(see
fowls
see
of the
advantage
which
there
not
is not
cooked
when
found, which
unwholesome,
is
rupture of
it is from
As
vessel
a
rule the
a
in the
a
add
the
is
certainlyhas
the
for
be
to
egg
consumption.
it is the
when
of the rupture
in
some
result
of the
in the
white
have
to
been
faintlysaline.
If this does
of iron should
of the
the
cases
with
added.
When
feed them
food
prevent
also be added
to
to
blood
sparingly,
drinking-water
not
vessel
blood-
immediately
feeding
to
salts to their
Epsom
as
will
bleeding
the
each
of
quart
drinking-water.
EGG
This
nest
or
is
The
they
or
lying
placing china
fowls
about
eggs
the
the fowls
If
putrid
filledwith
a
soft paste
trace
of
powdered
rotten
have
eggs
egg
an
and
any
about
abundant
composed
desire
eggs
also
the
(putrid)eggs
be
broken
shell,and having
attack
cannot
aloes.
becoming
instinctive
an
Remedy,
run.
in the nests
should
an
the broken
consequently
material.
justa
having
eating place
stop egg
course
will
EATING.
result of
they seize
matter
contents
nests
generallythe
run.
forming
to
It
unfit
; and
of fowls it is advisable
much
as
of tincture
dram
legal
substance
cause
egg
an
over-stimulation,due
in the eggs
it taste
make
of
predisposing cause
spicycondiments
to
In
in the oviduct.
which
and
not
in the ovarium
is
is found
blood.
it does
yoke
exciting cause
pungent
dark-coloured
simply cooked
fattydegeneration, but
is
written
a
legalremedy.
slightestdegree
blood-vessel
a
they
EGGS.
small
a
but
in the
or
is found
blood
When
them
have
or
89).
page
purchasing
any
IN
invitingappearance,
an
before
be
"
egg
sometimes
it should
Examination,"
deposit system,
BLOOD
an
fowl
a
emptor buyer beware.
caveat
In
of
health
Health
"
cannot
warranty, without
of
state
examined
systematically
If
BUYERS.
TO
they
for shelltasted
in
see
its
the
prevention,lies
in
If obtainable,
run.
about
supply
of
obtained, egg
of linseed
in the
oil and
the
run.
Of
shell-forming
shells
may
be
whiting,and
89,
PART
IX.
DISEASES.
INTRODUCTION.
this
effort has
chapter
INclearly
symptoms,
an
the
diseases
In
has
which
very
mentioned
and
In
the
the decided
Besides
in
disease,
medical
been
HEALTH
sent
for
of
treatingthe
which
to
thousands
from
than
human,
the
on
internal
there
at any
organs.
subject
of
poultry,
letters much
these
is
the
experienced keepers
valuable
employed experimentallyin
and
gained
be
may
for treatment,
him
of letters upon
From
men.
writer
post-mortemexamination.
its effect
note
the
purposely kill them
able to
being
to
of diseases
treatment
of
received
been
has
and
briefly
creatures,
livingsubjectsother
advantages,
includingmany
information
of birds
number
advantage
have
describe
method
a
of feathered
subjectsreceived
these
disease
large
disease
stage of the
to
advantages, amongst
great
numerous
studying
and
causes,
diseases
many
the
made
frequentlyaffect poultry.
most
studying the
had
been
the
poultry.
amongst
AND
EXAMINATION
SYMPTOMS
OF
DISEASE.
It is essential
readilydetect
he may
those
be
who
disease.
the
be
may
any
are
keeper
This
chapter
unacquainted
disease may
more
than
one
of
poultry
his
affecting-
disease
It must, however, he
suffering
from
To
the
serious
purchasing.
symptoms of a
cause
that
he
able
and
in order to
to
any
guide
ordinary symptoms
understood
distinctly
not
be
stock
own
is written
the
with
should
that the whole
of
of
the subjectmay
present; besides,
disease,in which
case
some
symptoms
others to he obscured.
ascertain
the
examined
systematically
state
from
of
health
head
to
of
foot.
a
fowl,
it should
be
go
A
dark
or
which
lungs, see
purplish
the
be
may
Wart-like
swellings
see
contagious affection,
A
white
comb
pale
shows
and
scurf
hollowness
raised
When
result
spots
the head
brain
is
cold, see
Puffiness
An
the
enlargement
or
eyes
under
of
and
indicate
a
of Comb."
merely the
be
may
disease.
shows
the
The
that
result of
bubbles
watery
and
the eyes,
disease,
the
slight
a
in the
swelling of
"Swelled
see
gaping, are
corners
the wattles
Head"
and
shutting the
mouth
of
symptoms
Laboured
"
Roup,
a
without
breathingmay
of
muscular
of the
Tuberculosis"
even
and
an
of
symptoms
are
"Enteric
apparent
cause,
Gapes (False)."
be due
to
of the
an
tion
obstruc-
lungs,
see
DiphtheriticRoup."
to
over-fed
liver,or
may
any
disease
"
be due
tissue
"
see
cough,
Bronchitis,"and
heart,or
ulceration
mouth,
patches
windpipe, bronchitis,or
Pneumonia,"
the
"c.
in breathing,or
Difficulty
in the
in
coloured
yellowish
and
Opening
Loss
of the comb
walking,
be
secretion
the
DiphtheriticRoup,"
diseased
face
of the Wattles."
(Canker),
a
pale
a
(wry neck) it
when
may
of tubercular
Thickening
"
disease,merely
does
so
Disease
side
one
of
a
Roup."
symptoms
and
to
sneezing
about
Wet
"
"Dropsy
a
Catarrh."
"
indicate
indicate
"Vertigo."
or
eyes
or
Anaemia."
"
see
unsteadiness
affected,see
liver
flabby or
a
vision, deformityinherited,or
depressed, or
Watery
(anaemic);
Parasitic
"
comb,
symptoms
scurfyparts
on
is held
of defective
head
"
the eyes,
wattles
or
the
over
other
by
contagious disease,see
very
lation,
circu-
Disease."
is debilitated
under
of the
congestion
face
Fungoid
"
spread evenly
the fowl
that
of
the
upon
unaccompanied
Minute
are
result
defective
indicates
comb
of Liver."
Congestion
"
coloured
inflammation
of the
condition.
(wasting)is usually due
tubercular
Disease."
lungs,
disease,
see
to
organizatio
dis-
"Chronic
91
Tail
is
depressedand straining are
irritant matter
some
in
or
symptoms
the vent,
near
when
seen
Cloacitis
"
see
there
and
"
"Metritis."
Frequentlygoing
Indigestion,see
Unnatural
to
laying,see
not
shows
that
the
is 'in
creature
result of disorder, needing prompt
Weakness
in the
Bound."
Egg
"
Bound."
Crop
"
thirst
condition,the
and
nest
legs is
due
sole of
foot, and
attention.
affectingthe
disease
to
feverish
a
liver and
bowel.
Enlargement
the results
are
of
powder
inflammation,
of the
Thickening
like
on
between
scales
them,
crop,
marked
are
Foot."
white
a
toes,
substance
Scaly Leg."
"
of
symptoms
leg,with
diarrhoea
Stupor, accompanied by
Bumble
"
the
the
between
Synovitis
"
see
on
see
redness
and
Acute
"
of food
retention
Enteric
Disease
in the
(Cholera)."
ANiEMIA.
Comb""
("White
A
Symptoms.
"
fine
powder.
This
is
detached
from
the
soft
and
plumage,
which
comb,
the
the
on
of minute
composed
under
Hollowness
scurf
white
Scurf.")
"
eyes,
is
scales
of
the
scarf-skin
and
denote
white
a
flabby.
loss of
eyes,
also
flabby thighs,
and
like
usually pale
of
dullness
comb
gloss
on
anasmic
an
condition.
Causes.
The
"
a
or
sufficiencyof
more
or
be
an
simply
the
without
and
vegetable food,
green
may
cause
to
imperfect
crowded,
too
sunlight,
will
pronounced
be due
Being kept
air
pure
result of
or
fowls
in
without
to
a
become
less anaemic.
Treatment.
have
is
insanitary conditions.
place,
damp
scurf
which
is, impaired vitality,
anaemia, that
nutrition
white
"
unlimited
allowed
Medicine
beneficial.
the
important
It is most
supply
of green
advantage
is unnecessary,
but
of
ansmic
vegetable food,
pure
a
that
saline
air
and
tonic
fowls
and
that
wholesome
would
should
prove
they
food.
very
92
PARASITIC
DISEASE
(" White
At
Symptoms.
"
small
very
the
protuberances
disease
advances
is
that
the comb
Comb."
has
The
its mode
and
contagious disease,which
Comb,"
due
advanced
which
at
and
a
A
should
Treatment.
This
"
head, lobes, wattles, and
the
legs
feet.
Do
this
re-established
Cause.
cold
the
is
"
a
week
The
a
combs
circulation
in
or
intense
the
an
feathers,
covered
are
in
the
and
is
defective,and
The
applying some
comb
pinch
to
been
have
of flowers
of
the
and
the
affected
circulation
cold.
It is my
Britain
health.
should
comb
be
oil
to
It is
is
not
opinion
parts
soon
our
only
any
the
when
or
the
less
climate.
gently rubbed, at
or
that
affect
injuriously
previouslymore
frost-bitten in
camphorated
other
die.
perfect
it becomes
part of
COMB.
in Great
enough
in
if
intense
to
at
the neck, also
dressings
small
of the comb
and
black
therefore
lotion to every
three
a
and
Commencing
down
little way
OF
fowls
"
is in
days.
ten
of
Treatment.
time
colour,
Exposure
congested,that
distinct
spores
cure,
it out.
stamp
daily until
spikes
become
never
neck,
for "White
parts,
reproduced by
FROST-BITE
purplish
affected
affected birds
give the
sulphur dailyfor
turn
a
the disease
is difficult to
to
the
"
that it is
and
perceptible,
comb, apply Parasiticide
the
Symptoms.
and
scales.
is
disease
spikes of
Also
name
so
sacs.
the
applied.
are
White
"
face,head
When
the
epithelium in
requires persistenttreatment
and
lines
scales,
be mistaken
not
is
from
parasite which
feather
the
to
the
it very evident
peculiarodour
with
hence
condition.
easily drawn
quillend
"
makes
anaemic
an
be
Cause.
skin
to
stage,
can
the
of advance
in minute
detached
spreads
and
enlarged papillas. As
"
appearance,
soon
which
on
the surface of the affected parts
on
becomes
affection
seen
spot
comb, irregularmarginal
skin
whitish
a
Favus.)
circumscribed
a
be
the
The
destroyed, and
soon
is
may
over
usuallymaintained.
""
Comb
first there
COMB.
OF
other
mild
the
same
stimulant.
94
Stitches.
is not
As
Before
dirt
any
water
Of
and
before
before
course,
the instruments
clean.
Catgut
is
balsam
in rather
first
antisepticointment
suitable
of
stream
a
pour
should
of
cleansed,
be
be
scrupulously
used
soften
to
should
it.
To
and
be
arrest
Friar's
simple wounds,
healing
should
there
its surface.
on
substance
dressing
For
or
should
hands
water
warm
suitable.
very
to
that
seen
up.
animal
other
for the
and
bleeding
in it
everythingused
any
previously soaked
closing it
operating, the
and
or
be
it is advisable
measure
wound
a
upon
it should
foreignsubstance
other
or
precautionary
a
is closed
wound
a
dressing
sores
a
be used.
TUMOURS.
It is
Some
just
tumours
incision
simple
or
with
to
the
directed
as
the
under
(pressurewith
After
"
removed
the
by
a
thumb-nails)
attached
usually not
are
removal
heading
fatty tumours.
be
may
quill. They
stout
neighbouring tissues.
treated
skin
the
enucleation
a
fleshy and
out
underneath
and
point of
the
dissect
to
necessary
the wound
should
be
Wounds."
"
FRACTURES.
the
When
the
should
hold
and
bone
it there
A
displacement.
with
be saturated
and
Paris
wing
the
in
size
a
pocket for
each
against
be
it
over
other
outer
starch.
folds of the
with
The
best
wing, and
sew
up
the
position by
bandage
a
of starch.
glue
way
it to
in
set
to
secure
pockets
wool
cotton-
plasterof
a
piece of
make
should
The
or
a
with
broken
cardboard
with
saddle
a
rather
give support
to
bandage, which
Then
wing.
assistant
of
possibility
in
secured
applying
position is by gluing
of the
the
suitable material
be coated
may
shape
and
or
position, an
freshly-madesolution
a
of the
natural
and
truding
pro-
easilyset right. Having
are
can
pieces or
numerous
natural
a
leg
wool,
wood"
bandage
instead
into
until it is secured
in the
be bound
in
broken
tightly. Stripsof
should
limb
it in cotton
wrapping
broken
the skin, fractures
through
placed
is not
bone
wings
a
inside.
POISONING.
In
all
endeavour
this is done
of
cases
to wash
or
supposedpoisoning it
out
not,
the crop with
rather
is advisable
warm
give a tablespoonfulof
sweet
to
water.
or
at
once
Whether
salad
oil and
95
large wineglassfulof
a
repeat
end
the
at
of
end
that
of one,
time
coloured
matter
little raw
egg
the
and
scalded
is known
the
patient
two
of
of
antidote
greenishoil with
giving the
feed
Of
If at the
and
about
sparinglywith
crust
the
when
course,
should
a
After
Chlorodyne.
is empty
possible;
as
passing slimy
boilingmilk.
suitable
soon
four hours.
then
drops
if the crop
most
is
as
blood, continue
three
or
v/ith
water
warm
three, and
traces
or
twenty-four hours,
of bread
rather
be
poison
given.
CLOACITIS.
(Septic
Symptoms.
pecking
a
Inflammation
The
"
its vent
at
volume
the
as
the
advanced
disease
and
becomes
walks
The
disease
"
cakes
is due to
far
to
any
of the disease
if not
When
with
I
as
group
a
cleared
is
depressed.
which
is
acquired
aware
the
means
of fowls
has
not
am
off
disease
the
its tail
septicmatter
So
increasing in
the vent, and
clumsilyand
first
At
discharge gives
abominable.
spread by contagion.
introduction
round
irritant.
away,
The
fowl
the
red,
very
comes
progresses.
the fowl
Cause.
and
swollen
glairy discharge
stench
Pouch.)
Vent
the
straining to expel some
peculiar offensive odour,
away
is
vent
and
muco-purulent
of
of
been
discovered.
Treatment.
is
a
male
disease
vent
be
washing
with
covered
giving
the disease
the vent,
in
(Lardaceous
"
"
eggs
;
being full
Causes.
few
"
and
heavy
It is the
outside
and
small
until
oil
the
of the
at least twice
pledget of
night
a
white
this treatment
morning,
and
days.
OF
-Amyloid
Symptoms. Squatting
himself
By adopting
sweet
DEGENERATION
FATTY
a
Ointment.
a
by
inside
insert
teaspoonful of
be cured
can
pen
if there
poultry,and
astringent lotion
an
Krekodyne
a
a
The
out.
with
out
in
placed
stamped
be washed
After
and
isolate all affected
once
should
been
should
day.
rag
he
has
At
"
Disease
about
and
LIVER.
THE
of
laying
Liver.)
but
few
or
small
behind.
result
of
feeding poultry
too
generously
96
with
kept
and
grain
in limited
Treatment.
of
Feed
"
add
grain,and
less
Food
"
drinking-water as
The
in the crop.
remaining
of
Loss
in colour.
dark
turning
comb
the
LIVER.
THE
OF
CONGESTION
Symptoms.
to
products
faintlysaline.
it taste
will make
sal-ammoniac
much
the
grain and
sparingly with
very
as
sufficient exercise.
without
and
space
they are
grain, especiallywhen
of
products
the
spikes of
appetite,and
the
more
a
or
dejectedappearance.
Causes.
free
the too
the
is,however,
Treatment.
the
crop treat
Powder
of
use
common
for
disease
by
germs
congestionof the liver.
large quantityof
rather
a
advised
as
of
cause
is
If there
case
crop-binding,and
food
add
in the
Krekodyne
drinking-water.
the
to
most
"
Invasion
spicy condiments.
food,
Unsuitable
chill,a close insanitaryhouse.
A
"
HEPATITIS.
(Inflammation
A
Symptoms.
"
impossible for
affection
the
necessary
be
poultry may
and
the
droppings
In
liver the
subjects waste
prolonged
They
lame.
is advanced
Causes.
of the
Treatment.
This
not
affection is set
liver,which
"
wineglassfulof
If the
Give
rather
to
it
about
keepers
of bad
and
sub-acute
generally
are
of
inflammation
greedily,and
when
the
frequently
skeletons, and
mere
ment.
manageis set up,
fatal diarrhoea
yellow
of
the
disease
continue
lame
up
by
the
same
means
as
gestion
con-
usually follows.
twenty grains of sal-ammoniac
water
warm
patientcontinues
advisable
drink
also
that
but little food.
eat
"
to
away
"c., so
rather
of
cases
this
positivecertainty. It is,
quickly
become
soon
frothy.
become
is not
disease
diagnose
to
evil results
the
It is
appearance.
observer
the causes,
of
forewarned
the
When
sleepy
of the liver with
describe
to
and
scientific
most
congestion
or
however,
depressed
very
Liver.)
the
of
or
treatment.
twice
does
a
not
day
and
feed
in
a
sparingly.
quickly improve, it
is
97
APOPLEXY.
If death
Symptoms.
"
subjectwill
turned
to
be found
side
one
result of disease
Causes.
of
take
not
its head
and
or
place immediately, the
hanging down,
These
depressed.
or
of the brain
thrown
symptoms
pressure
the
be
may
it from
upon
back,
without.
ture
suddenly developed congestion. Rup-
capillarywith
cerebral
a
with
Intense
"
does
extravasation
into
of blood
some
part of the brain.
Treatment.
three
every
dose
add
four
or
made
water
warm
Place
"
about
the
in
patient
hours
it half
give
rather
a
rather
To
each
round
and
salts.
Epsom
and
place
wineglassfulof
a
with
faintlysaline
dark
twenty drops of tincture of iron.
VERTIGO.
straightly.Turning
walk
to
Symptoms. Inability
"
round.
Causes.
-Congestionor
"
Treatment.
Feed
place.
very
subject in
the
Keep
"
other
some
add
sparinglyand
affection of the brain.
rather
a
dark
saline
some
and
quiet
aperientto
the
drinking water.
METRITIS.
(Inflammation
Symptoms. Standing
"
Causes.
egg
passage
use
of
The
"
the
keeper
four
common
spicy condiments,
of
"
An
oviduct.
feathers
with
succeed
may
It is, however,
sufferingfrom
If killed for table
Metritis
would
be
a
and
an
the
flesh
quite wholesome.
too
free
will set it up.
removing
advisable
of the
The
egg.
pepper,
in
tail
nest.
to
for
teaspoonful of
use
out
of inflammation
cayenne
as
poultryto merely give
hours.
going
cause
such
expert
puffed
of the shell of
is the retention
Treatment.
from
most
Oviduct.)
the
strainingand
Occasional
depressed.
of
of
an
egg-shell
the
sweet
a
fowl
ordinary
oil every
simply
98
SOFT-SHELLED
An
overfed
shelled
condition
fright,
worms,
sexual
added
food,
the
to
forming
also
Poultry
through
or
condiments
spicy
soft-
through
them
produce
insufficient
an
of
cause
common
irritation,
pungent
Feed
"
abundance
of green
being
of
supply
shell-
should
be
See
article
unstimulatingfood,and
Of
vegetables.
the soft food.
to
with
sparingly and
shell-formingmaterial
added
most
material.
Treatment.
an
is the
laid.
being
eggs
EGGS.
it should
supplied,but
and
"Grit
on
of
sufficiency
a
course
be
not
Food."
Shell
DIARRHCEA.
The
Symptoms.
"
first,but
later
is
colour
is watery
excrement
changes
on
to
mainly dependent
greenish
a
in
dark
yellow
or
condition
the
on
and
colour
at
The
hue.
liver of the
of the
subject.
Causes.
the
It may
"
be the
digestive organs,
sudden
diarrhoea
specificdisease
adopt
the treatment
As
a
rule,give
a
feed with
teaspoonful of
of bread
crust
is
be
to
prescribed for
even
due
that
four
oil every
sweet
affecting
a
it.
cause
supposed
to
any
disease.
hours, and
boilingmilk.
with
scalded
and
Worms,
will sometimes
If the
"
disease
any
food.
unsuitable
or
of temperature,
change
Treatment.
result of almost
GAPES.
Symptoms. Difficultyin breathing, gaping, coughing,
"
and
sneezing.
Cause.-
A
"
worm
colour,thread-like
syngamus
in appearance,
inch in
to half an
sclerostoma
"
and
length, which
of
"
pale-reddish
a
from
measuring
eighth
one
itself to the inside
attaches
of the
windpipe.
Treatment.
-vessel
place
"coal tar.
a
Set
slowly diffuse
fumigationscan
turn
one
down
and
"
Upon
a
tin
plateor
tablespoonful of
the vessel
the
be
fumes
which
managed
over
place the
the
carbolic
flame
the
over
the
with
lamp
chickens
two
to
be
acid, creosote,
of
a
chickens
very
small
must
suitable
lamp
with
the
thus
fuming
in the other
to
The
inhale.
hampers,
treated
some
or
sized
good
vessel
and
of any
the bottom
on
"
stance,
sub-
hamper,
99
and
stand
it upon
the
like material
should
but
the top.
not
over
fumes
minutes'
be
The
internal
symptoms
for which
kept should
that chickens
and
to
would
treatment
sufferingfrom
are
be
not
hampers-
a
few
be
to
worms
hold
upon
the
cough
them
up.
floor of the
with
of
the
place where
lime.
Do
not
because
gape-worm,
on
the
affection of the air passages
other
some
their
the chickens
dusted
such
or
subjectedto
all the
lose
expel the
to
of the
fumigations
cause
to
be well
chickens
be due
the
to
them
sacking
be
four
or
complete destruction, the
are
may
should
Three
windpipe,
Some
the outsides
round
chickens
cause
suspicion treat
mere
down.
will be sufficient
of the
their
the chickens
The
fumes
surface
ensure
wrapped
morning.
duration
expelled.
To
and
night
turned
one
The
suitable.
is
gape-worms
only proof
seeing them.
WORMS.
A
species of
commonly
infested
the
with
met
by
into
the
sent
lor
bile ducts
where
which
them
found
sometimes
they are
whitish
length, are
enables
are
to
in
crawl
subjects,
post-mortemexamination.
There
Symptoms.
"
when
poultry are
cases
may
is
infested
be tested
will
salts,which
not
by
but
worms
by giving
bring some
reliable
any
a
dose
away
from
fifteen
drops
of
show
Suspected
seeing them.
purging
worms
to
symptom
jalap or Epsom
subject infested
a
them.
by
Give
from
tablespoonful of
sweet
Treatment.
or
pointedhead,
a
one
subjectis
occasionally they
and
in size and
vary
only
the
the
cases
some
of them,
They
have
In
poultry.
number
of death.
cause
is
(heteratis
inflexa)
worm
in
large
a
in colour, and
in
round
a
give
"
third
a
part of
a
ten
to
oil
night
quarter of
every
third
oil two
hours
after each
of
ounce
an
a
turpentine
for three
morning
and
morning fasting,and
powder
of oil of
days,
nut
areca
tablespoonfulof
in
sweet
powder.
LICE.
and
Some
speciesof
others
obtain
infested
creature
to
the heads
these
parasitessubsist
their nourishment
by
of
them.
The
direct
from
latter kind
newly-hatchedchicks.
upon
the
will
There
the
feathers,
body
attach
of the
selves
them-
they remain,
tecome
the
much
very
chickens
the
To
"
the
other
bodies
of
their
wings
three
Fluid
:
"
poultry, dust
mixture
a
effective
their
abode.
soon
multiplyto
The
crevices
to poultry and
irritating
by
die
by
them.
When
these
and
The
dirt.
to
having
any
minutes
at
be
the
worked
in
made
To
make
place
old
an
be
of
place
a
they
They
loss of fluids
are
infested
chickens
soon
abstracted
a
coke
"
and
the
every
part of the building,
nests
and
with
slacked
freshly-
The
lime,
call
fumigate
of the
fire in
in
suitable
The
for
holes
few
fowl-house
a
some
house.
a
fire
can
draught
of it.
DISEASE.
feathers
shafts
and
here
must
and
cinder
or
sides
I
lime-washed
galvanized-ironpail,with
and
all rubbish
be
easily
(Feather
feathers
where
of
Hygienic Poultry-house not
my
quickly dry
SKIN
frizzled
enters
crevice.
every
it in the centre
into the bottom
Symptoms.
the
made
cannot
time.
any
burn
into
advantage
lime-washing,
punched
possession
remain.
to
who
lime-wash
should
part which
receptacle,and
be
take
their attacks, young
and
nest-boxes,
lime-wash
attention
after
Thoroughly
"
it should
and
prove
parasites.
Treatment.
perches
and
(known
will
way
especial resort,
person
any
lime
MITES.
irritation and
constant
same
if allowed
subjected to
the
through
to
the
under
ifit is freshlyground.
their
are
and
pyrethrum
fowls, but
the
number
vast
a
in
make
lice off the
clear
feathers
Powdered
AND
infest
only
not
pests
To
will
as
part of powdered
of vermin,
PLEAS
drops, sweet
much
their
one
used
powder)
FOWL
These
of
chicks, apply
twenty
as
paste.
sulphur.
ridding poultry
acid
amongst
of
heads
sulphur
thin
well
of
insect
in
of
composed
parts of flowers
Dalmatian
off the
carbolic
ingredients a
of their presence
relieved
die.
vermin
flowers
tablespoonful,
one
with
and
away
clear
following mixture
oil
as
pine
may
Treatment.
if not
enlarged, and
Disease.)
on
parts
The
shrunken.
of
skin
the
at
body
the
become
roots
of the
a
parasite
is discoloured.
Cause.
"
The
disease
is in
the
skin
and
due
to
EMPHYSEMA.
The
Symptoms.
"
skin
being usually
Cause.
reared
in
This
"
some
affection
the
air passages,
the
intra-muscular
quinine
they
treated
and
front
It is
of air
it is
ball, the
a
ments
enlarge-
part of the body.
found
generally
needle
a
advisable
chickens
in young
with
usually associated
certainlydue
cells, and
obstruction
to
of the
escape
wineglassful of
grains
two
of
air into
of the
and
let out
the
of citrate of iron and
the chickens'
affection
an
skin
the
puncture
add
to
sufferingfrom
are
is
neck
lungs.
With
each
to
like
tissues.
"
It is also
the
rupture
out
puffed
place, and
warm
of the
Treatment.
air.
about
affection
close
a
is
drinking-water.
lungs they
should
If
be
ailment.
for that
PNEUMONIA.
(Inflammation
In acute
Symptoms.
"
and
rapid
laboured
convulsively, and
The
and
head
stands
Causes.
same
atmosphere,
of aconite
tincture
set
subject
given
and
at
heaves
cases
inspiration.
every
feverish,
and
and
wet
to
which
The
"
in most
body
and
the
plumage
body.
those
as
Treatment.
two
the
hot
are
with
spasmodic cough,
a
is outstretched
neck
Exposure
"
causes
the
is
The
breathing.
body
from
out
there
cases
Lungs.)
the
of
and
tablespoonfulsof
up
rather
be
three
grains
ten
air,and
the
bronchitis.
should
every
of chilled
currents
kept
hours
in
of
warm
of
drops
two
of nitrate
moist
a
potash
B.P.
in about
water.
warm
TUBERCULOSIS.
This
different
attacked,
of the
I
scourge
These
names.
and
given
names
who
disease, the
the
to
it
Roup,
Wattles, Gapes,
am
say
depend
symptoms
are
of the
Liver
poultry-yard, is
spreading."
some
A
of their
Disease,
moment's
birds
Swelled
Roup,
and
continuallyreceiving letters
that
The
produced.
Wet
have
consideration
part of
the
upon
the
by
body
common
Head, Dropsy
Pip.
from
"
most
known
keepers
caught
should
a
make
of
cold
poultry
that
is
it evident
I03
that
there
be
must
can
be
and
inflames
something
As
contagious.
attacked
the
be dormant
in the
latent
creature.
This
simple
harmless
cold.
The
the
germs
sensitive,and
the
up
disease
Various
in
parts of the
birds
the
body
bowel
is very
disorganized through
contained
whole,
the
When
"developat
if not
If
the germs
when
proved
be
and
to
in their
that
more
than
died
of
which
poultry
of
creature
is
at
any
assume
an
Tuberculosis, and yet
A
form.
acute
exhibit
WET
ROUP,
disease
illness
susceptible,
not
with
This
I have
the
cooked
just
some
proportion of
small
a
the vast
More,
I fed
a
bird
or
a
slowly
aggravated by
other
some
excitant,
sufferingfrom
be
may
When
advances
be
it may
it thrived,
matter.
disease
fowl
number
the flesh of creatures
amyloid
noticeable
no
as
matter.
serious
diseases, and
food,
atmospheric influence,unsuitable
and
with
other
time
any
which,
died, including
susceptible,the
only partially
insidiously,but
is
extent
of the
harmless.
swallowed.
contain
them.
liver
starchy
germs
exclusively
upon
and
not
of
visiblyaffected by
months
did
food
ducks
set
diseases, includingEnteric
and
have
must
Tuberculosis
its food
fed
the
cause
and
a
young
certain
a
subject is
various
not
were
twelve
because
and
fowls
by
and
ones
with
soon
very
by feeding
they
germs
old
to
comparatively
sparingly
food
In
proportion
contrary the
are
some
separatelyand
chicks
In
the
susceptible,
from
suff'ering
Those
of disease
for
fact
a
life.
feeding
a
rate, and
the
on
flesh
killed,while
starch
great
very
taken
uncooked
Disease.
too
to
naturally
be attacked
become
of
them
ordinarycircumstances
periods of
it has
be
follows
are
liable to be attacked
course
marvellous
death.
under
susceptible.
a
subject is
a
membranes
to
with
disease
contagious
a
mucous
are
attacked, because
mostly
3.
is how
different
independentlyat
it in contact
subject predisposed to
a
irritates
merely
especiallyliable
subject,or
affected
very
disease
a
of the disease,supposing
(bacilli)
germs
or
before
fact, cold
tissues,rendering them
the
by
of
matter
a
transmitted
be
to
symptom
of disease.
ROUP.
(IncipientTuberculosis.)
These
membranes
:secretions.
names
are
of the mouth
This
given
and
interferes
to
the
nose,
with
disease
causing
the
when
a
it attacks
thickening of
bird's
breathing,
the
the
and
I04
it to gape,
causes
feverish,and
cough
the
bubbles
extends
and
the
rather
white, owing
this
of
intensity
the
affected.
passed,
The
It
in
that
and
Diseases
symptoms
of this formidable
subject
written
of
those
all forms
of
and
little
is
soon
thoroughly
supposed
to
of very
cause
contagion
tubercular
Manual
"
my
pose
decom-
be separate
Poultry
This
disease.
disease
and
which
distinct, and
post-mortem appearances
many
is the
of
recognised the
I
unity of
and
previouslybeen perplexing.
of
red
nostrils
incipienttubercular
connection
clear the
Direct
of
much.
but
becomes
microscope,
which
"
as
malady
in the
secretions
extent
very
appear
the
not
degrees
vary
it may
for the
Cause.
The
sight.
accounted
had
an
ruffled, or
aid of the
the
previouslybeen
such
to
is
disease
the
if
offensive odour.
very
as
If
its eyes
cases
that, with
becomes
plainlyseen
very
the symptoms
until after I had
discovery made
had
a
of the
soon
drooping condition,
plumage
off
not
"
a
be
can
unassisted
and
differ,
many
partially
corners
throat
increases
is,the thickened
give
was
these
incipientstage
and
"roupy,"
above
its
and
the
nose.
disease
the
become
at
and
employed.
the
in
be
the
when
may
appear
mouth
tubercle
to
attack
subjectmay
watery,
and
is
deposit of
they
to
from
filmy deposit taking place. Miliary
a
power
plainly visible
be
The
to
process,
magnifying
the
ducts
and
what
discharge, some-
and
mouth,
lining the
membrane
ulcers follow
,to
the
usuallyhot
is
exudes
egg,
an
frothy bubbles
cause
The
checked,
in
lachrymal
eyes.
low
of
appear
along
choked
white
head
glairymucous
clear transparent
a
resembling
Frothy
The
sneeze.
or
undoubted
primarily,
cause,
such
disease, except
as
be
may
hereditary.
Causes.
Predisposing
and
of
deficiency
cause,
and
feeding
as
ventilation, which
the
causes
rebreathed.
A
cause.
cause
cold
of
Any
or
in the food
it is.
doubt
no
a
Roup,
chief of these
exclusivelywith
too
saline matter
influences,such
and
The
"
So
is inherited
but
unsuitable
its
insanitary condition
they are
damp
is very
simply
a
weakness
the
food.
A
predisposing
and
ing
weaken-
equivalent,defective
polluted air
same
chill from
feeding,
undoubtedly over-
is said to be
overcrowding and
the
is
is
to
a
often
be
breathed
predisposing
spoken
of
as
immediately exciting
I05
By long
causes.
become
inflamed
the germs
expel
the
upon
the
Cure
"
tissues
the germs
and
tissues
from
the
than
a
lose
offensive
of the
in
of sweet
the
cases
such
with
right hand
of air from
the
mouth
morning,
and
and
might
nostrils
salad oil to the
a
good plan
disease
under
eye.
the
is
These
mucus
forefinger
add
a
clear
This-
germs.
cleansed
night
Lotion.
and
Most
the food
to
a
the
upon
in and
Pilla
Powder
to
while
Having
Canker
or
the pressure
lotion
give half
better still to
frequently
tubercular
septic
anti-
the
contagious
by adding Krekodyne
food,or
symptom
some
sticky mucus,
with
a
and,
sticky
the
with
give
mouth
with
Krekodyne
two
little sweet
or
or
teaspoonfuldaily.
HEAD.
SWELLED
A
The
important.
the mouth
It is also
drinking water.
first
This, with
with
is very
nostrils, give
cured
of tubercular
cases
remove
force
to
loaded
mucus
lightlytouch
be
tend
health
promote
out
full of
are
subject,and
gentle quickly-repeated
pressure
lungs, will
of the
washed
the eye downwards.
decomposed
clearingout
all
no-
cure.
bowel.
to
in
more
be
must
forms
the lotion, close it,and
make
from
In
day,
a
speedy
various
be
If the nostrils
is wet
passages
should
to
in
occur
of the
the
ing
destroy-
diminishing
food
will tend
as
soothe
least twice
and
There
the
destroy
to
that will render-
treated.
to effect a
oil to
same
that this will
say
act
eventually eliminated
are
treating the
nostrils
matter.
the mouth
cases
to
to-
proof
no
time
substances
and
is
given
be
can
able
agents
There
at the
requires persistent attention.
lotion,at
the
by
unfit for the
them
propagation,
mean
be
make
that
potency
treatment
be successful
if necessary,
the
their
curative
the
germs.
without
for their
I do not
for any
teaspoonful
out
of the
however,
are,
too, must
vigour
of the
attacked
being
our
upon
to
as
seriously affected,and
environments
disease
membranes
liable to be
make
discovered
good percentage
To
so
disease
unfit
body.
vital organ
nasal
been
subject. There
they
body
development
of tubercular
numbers
and
disease,or
of the
anything has
animal
rendered
mainly depends
of the
germs
propagation
the
thus
are
air, sensitive
of disease.
Treatment.
that
and
keen
to
exposure
observed
swellings
about
enlargements
in
the
are
poultry sufferingfrom
head,
caused
especially
more
by
a
deposit of
io6
tuberculous
into
does
not
parts with
swollen
tincture
iodine.
of
operation is
the
cases
oozes
out.
disease
and
I believe
This
that
found
cases
it is
I have
when
become
into
the
foment
or
the
dose
the
does
not
adding
swollen
of
insert
down
is,pass
the
that
"
being
and
to
fro
tied
of the
daily.
kidneys,
in this way
Pills
I have
in the
made
large needle
If the
threaded
the
form
swelling
a
of the
has
low
through
allow
to
and
swelling
wattle
worsted
with
loop ;
and
tincture of
with
long
sufficiently
worsted
When
side
hot,
rather
water.
under
night
drinking-water,
the
to
warm
together looselyto
DIPHTHERITIC
of the
the worsted
move
disappeared
the
seton
"
natural
spots
a
^The
appear,
dirtyyellow.
the
membrane
pinkish colour,and
next
mouth
ROUP.
ROUP-DIPHTHERIA-DRY
Symptoms.
in
"roupy" poultry,
Krekodyne
vinegar
rather
seton
a
fluid loaded
be removed.
may
to
with
wattles
a
in
watery fluid
a
serous
congestion
Powder
Krekodyne
off'the
wattle, cut
ends
cut,
disappear,paintthe enlargements
iodine, and
little
a
kidneys congested.
subjectfreelywith
soon
the
enlarged,and
in
occurs
Treatment. "^-'Qe.si"ts, giving two
morning,
of
subjectsaffected
killed
an
ment
instru-
remove
insert
much
tissues
result
and
pricked or
sometimes
a
sharp
very
tumour
very
If
the
hard,
WATTLES.
THE
hard.
a
with
").
Tumours
"
wattles
germs.
foment
them
become
has
quill,and
stout
a
The
Infiltration
"
with
in all
(see
quite firm and
Cause.
because
of
OP
"
some
point
if it
mass.
paint
or
With
of the
centre
DROPSY
Symptoms.
cheesy
deposit
filtration
in-
or
but
soft at first,
vinegar,
for its removal.
Ointment
Krekodyne
hard
a
hot
the
into the
with
deposit
rather
When
necessary
down
cut
into
ducts,
or
treating the subjectfor Roup,
Besides
"
glands
the
depositis
This
disperseit forms
Treatment.
the
tissues.
the
soon
in
taking place
matter
;
which
In
these
a
lining the
whitish
film
mouth
spreads
graduallyenlarge and
some
give
over
change
large cheesy masses
cases
off
first loses
an
offensive
odour.
its
it. White
in colour
are
From
found
the
107
mouth
the nose,
the
disease
the
When
windpipe.
rattlingnoise
origin
a
is also
loud,
harsh
noticed
of this
Give
"
lightlytouch
and
strong
quill remove
be there, not
under
becomes
all
makes
and
a
ally
occasion-
noise
the
was
It
out).
cry
in
peculiar
a
Gaping
distorted.
is
of
consequently
times
some-
Gapes."
wash
Pills
mouth
cheesy
any
do
with
and
mouth,
if the parts do bleed
subjects which
mornings
Carfker Lotion.
with
the
out
and
night
possible of
as
minding
destroy
to
neck
much
as
fowl
its neck
twisting
of the
inside
this
doubt
Krekodyne
applying the lotion,
is advisable
and
The
"
two
the
No
lining
the mouth
attacked,the
which
affection,
Before
that may
membrane
{Scotch,to shout, to
the
cases
erroneously called
Treatment.
"
arching
some
symptom
a
the
to
catchy cough,
a
noise.
Roup
"
is
windpipe
breathing, has
name
In
manner.
the
when
of the
also be
may
spreads
a
deposit takes place in
occasionally
and
makes
sometimes
not
a
masses
little.
a
It
improve
soon
treatment.
(False).
GAPES
Fowls
when
they
being
thickened
They
frequently
are
also
their nostrils
when
thickened
which
gape
and
of
more
breathing.
tuberculous
or
less when
secretion.
should
for
be treated
(sclerostoma
syngamus)is
gape-worm
their
deposit
a
windpipe,
of the
Birds
"
is
"
Gapes
"
in their mouths
interferes with
there
filled with
are
Treatment.
if the
gape
mouth
in the
matter
of the secretion
sticky,which
and
sufferingfrom
be
to
in consequence
gape
may
said
"
discovered
not
"
Roup
in
the
windpipe (see"Gapes").
ENTERIC
DISEASE.
noticeable
Symptoms. The most
less pronounced type. This
or
"
more
"
or
to
wasting.
both
legs.
be due
to
Cause.
taken
In
into
"
This
there
cases
some
condition
is
is diarrhoea
symptom
is followed
is loss of power
by
a
loss of flesh
by
to
of
stand
on
one
erroneously supposed
some
cramp.
Contagion.
the
develops slowly
body
and
As
with
a
rule the
food
or
and
insidiously,
germs
water.
owing
of the disease
In
to
some
cases
are
it
its interference
io8
with
the process
of
graduallywaste
of
the
When
away.
the
liver,spleen,kidneys,and
Disease
other
therefore
Pills.
soothe
to
A
bowel
of the
the
to
is in all
give
to
it ; at the
suitable
spoonful
Powder
The
"
it is advisable
morning
for
dose
oil and
disinclination
its
an
liver and
other
possession
of the
again
into the
takes
place
most
cases
stricken
the
of sudden
large blood-vessels
most
cases
gorged
with
heart, and
some
dark
fluid
the
vascular
are
parts of the
and
most
In
the
In
it
to
blood,
some
is
to
of
cases
albuminous
more
cause
death
cases
be
ailing.
plugging
remarkable
body
In
of
fluid than
usually a
extent.
congested, and
are
clots
of death.
consistencyof
proventriculus have
takes
quicklyfalls
is effused
serum
the
a
much
very
parts
immediate
body
and
the
clots.
vary
spleen are
of
of
state
some
seen
crop
the process
to
if roused
albuminous
the
deathly stupor
a
been
having
coloured, but
congested
cases
out
Diarrhoea
cases
owing
the
"
parts it is of the colour and
crop,
this is
appearances. ^These
congested.
In
in the
standing
death, it is the result of the
the liver and
All
tissues.
feathers
colour.
subject,and
with
Krekodyne
remaining
cases
is at first dark
severe
fowl
oil and
tea-
a
subjectusually exhibits
lethargiccondition.
same
without
Post-mortem
the
some
through
In
organs.
Krekodyne
dejectedappearance.
doubt
arrested
add
and
Cholera.)
"
excrement
No
night
DISEASE.
most
greenish
a
oil
food.
for hours, with
to
digestion being
Or
place
the
of salad
is half
pills.
a
inflamed,
less
or
fowl
about, in
full of food.
remains
the
Enteric
ordinary sized
move
and
up,
changes
on
much
Acute
of
first attacked
body, and having
set
soon
to
and
posture
same
In
invade
dose
ENTERIC
When
"
the
they
soon
give a
drinking-wateror
Symptoms.
later
"
more
dose
time
(Septic Fever
is
(see
cases
a
same
two
ACUTE
from
dition
con-
").
Treatment.
a
the germs
organs
a
of the germs,
propagation
case
subject
is in
subjectattacked
In this
prodigious rate.
a
o" the
tissues
muscular
the
favours
which
body
multiplyat
digestion,the
into
the
usually
very
are
found
The
usual, and
gas
tar.
natural
The
blood
in
in
in other
gullet,
appearance.
washed, including the
The
lime-wash
used
while
be
should
in
in its bottom
and
placed
this
place where
dry
the
in
with
frequentlyrenewed.
The
the
chief
book
should
which
do
drink
not
This
warm.
it with
food
any
with
the
food
still remains
bound
the
should
be
tips of
be
which
done
every
three
in
remains
in the
with
If
the
it should
crop,
made
of
be
the
birds
rather
hours, mixing
the crop
by kneading
crop
the end
at
four
or
of
in this
affected
the water
be
necessary.
advertised
drinking-water, and
fingers.
the
Powder
or
removal
it contains
poultry, because
dosed
ashes
should
preventive
to
should
with
deodorant
measures
course,
floor of the
The
is the
Krekodyne
Of
quickly.
only disinfectant
The
added
be
This
punched
receptacle,and
covered
be
and
fire
cinder
or
is the
affected
the
it
out.
lime,
holes
suitable
should
little lime.
a
of the disease.
germs
kept
Quicklime
from
coke
weather.
drying
warm
object of these
excrement
other
any
building to dry
poultry are
mixed
earth
in
and
freshly slacked
with
galvanized-iron pail,with
of the
necessary
inside
nest-boxes,
lime-washing, a
sides,or
in the centre
is not
After
old
an
and
made
be
it is hot.
made
may
furniture
twenty-four
removed
(see
hours
Crop-
"
").
SCROFULA.
Certain
animals
are
forms
of
known
as
disease
tubercular
Scrofula, but
in
the
and
man
the
is fast
term
lower
becoming
obsolete.
Symptoms.
"
the
Deposits
of
cheesy
various
in
matter
of
parts
body.
Cause.
General
"
Treatment."
unqualified
My
they
poultry,because
and
it is doubtful
even
when
they
infection.
tubercular
are
whether
is
to
kill all scrofulous
likelyto yield readilyto
not
would
they
apparently
are
advice
produce
treatment,
untainted
stock
cured.
PIP.
When
a
frequently
fowl
or
become
creature
is
mouth.
The
chick
choked
is
sufferingfrom
with
thickened
consequently compelled
constant
exposure
"
to
of the
breathe
tongue
Roup,"
the
nostrils
secretion, and
through
to
the
the
its open
air
causes
it to
become
and
like horn.
This
condition
is known
the bird for
Roup.
Pip."
"
as
dry, hard,
Treatment.
Clear
"
the
nostrils,and
treat
APPENDICITIS.
(Inflammation
of
Traces
Symptoms.
"
which
excrement,
that
proves
and
that
of
part
tubes
be
and
bowel.
filled with
it is found
had
pungent
Give
"
added
charcoal
hard
and
The
"
results
becomes
in
becomes
to
a
as
in
the
from
to
inflammation
by
up
chickens
and
night
the
;
crop
mass
is
irritant,
an
which
have
morning,
and
becoming
crop
To
"
of
dry
to
the
water
a
time
it with
.kneading
the
crop
the
on
crop,
as
down
the
digestion.
through
gizzard.
A
fowl
indigestible
an
together, blocking
matted
grass
liver,
In
rare
swallowed
cases
a
substance
a
fowl
too
crop.
act
of the
warm
little at
the
of
cases
of the
congestion
process
some
the crop
from
pass
the contents
mix
in
crop-bound through having
"of rather
a
is found
their food.
to
cause
arresting
from
Treatment.
up
common
crop-bound
passage
large to
blind
CROP-BINDING.
remaining
most
substance, such
the
the
distended.
Cause.
which
results
oil
AND
Food
"
examination
fleshy
a
of
both
or
other
any
the soft food.
to
INDIGESTION
Symptoms.
having
certainlyset
little sweet
a
little powdered
mass
frequentlyin
spicy condiments
Treatment.
a
is
most
occur
appendages,
lymph.
inflammation
to
firm
a
This
of
being
from
post-mortem
exudation
The
"
for
the
come
Occasionallyone
fleshygrowth.
cavity and
vermiform
in
not
cases
Tubes.)
substance
excrement
the
does
some
away.
a
and
add
In
The
Blind
"
slimy
a
of
one
blood
subject sent
a
Cause.
in
and
firm.
usually
slime
comes
in
in the
is
been
the
Appendages
of blood
it has
the
appearance
Vermiform
the
add
liver and
as
will make
the throat
contents
with
your
of
much
at
the
the
Of
saline.
patient,and
crop.
fingers.
time
same
Glauber-salts
it taste
of
the
If
Do
by
this
this
to
break
a
pint
this pour
endeavour
by gently
means
the
become
contents
times
with
and
hold
He
his left hand,
the
right,
fowl
operator,
parting
makes
incision
an
half
inches
that
part
the
the
the
cut
This
may
substance
closed
with
being
used.
washed
The
way,
care
between
the
skin
handle
the
be
anything
being
taken
small
directed
feed
as
very
sparinglyfor
should
enough
of
a
warm
whether
see
large
too
of
draw
to
endeavour
withdraw.
to
pair of blunt-pointed scissors.
in
the
the
skin
that
it should
crop,
animal
should
be
substance
closed
foreign substance
no
be
in
a
is left
the crop.
after
If the
egg.
it to
a
contents
with
crop
enlarge it,he
over
edges
the
remove
out
incision
in
of salad
teaspoonful
raw
the
wash
a
fowl, then
with
instrument
a
the
and
skin, then
pieces
wound
and
Immediately
of
of the
head
and
one
spinal column,
ordinary single stitches,some
similar
nearly
carefully
cut
than
safely with
well
Having
fowl
The
the
there
into
first
hand,
with
side.
turn
next
Should
be done
its
should
suitable
opening, rather
the
left
back
the
on
required
legs just above
near
examine
forefingercarefully
quite empty.
through
his
the
He
crop.
should
lie
the
to
the
to
of the
line with
the
other
his
with
the skin
through
He
with
allowed
wings
removed.
will be
its
iirmlyby
its
by
nearest
crop
or
crop.
and
water,
to
of
and
through
length, in
teaspoon
of the
it is
in
it
not
it still remains
and
assistant
an
is
process
its contents
and
three
process
this
crop,
opened
hold
feathers
the
outwards
crop
small
be
being
incision into
shorter
of the
contents
should
If
hours.
performing this operation
the fowl.
repeat the
apart,
three
hard, it should
the feet with
his
of
reducing the
When
to
broken
intervals
effect\jal in
distended
well
the
operation
oil, and
becomes
crop
the
under
first
the
be
may
fed
empty,
heading
"
with
should
small
a
in about
Sick
Feeding
days
seven
fowl
the
after the
have
a
quanti'y
twelve
hours
Poultry,"and
operation.
EGG-BOUND.
Going
Symptoms.
"
walking
the
pointed substance
to
nest
;
tail
depressed
when
be
felt in the
in
post-mortem subjectsthe
left side
near
vent.
Causes.
fowl
hard
; a
frequentlyto
has
"
been
In the
found
majority of
to
be
the
cases
subjectof fattydegeneration.
In
"3
the
oviduct, owing
circular
muscular
results,and
large egg
fibres
it fails to
cause
may
Treatment.
teaspoonful
of
This
vent.
assist in
that
oil every
would
tend
walk
allay
internal
extra
are
cause.
At
treacle
the
be
and
a.
time
same
injectedinto
inflammation,
and
a
the
may
the egg.
WEAKNESS.
almost
Squatting
As
"
disease
and
to
continually,
inability
their
irritant matter
legs
in
As
is the
legs
birds
is
stand
weakness.
the
This
usually attributed
diarrhoea,which
discharged into
of
result
to
of fact it is in most
matter
a
chronic
but
the
constitutional
of young
strength.
mild
to
weakness
consequent
in the
overgrowing
due
rule
a
of power
cases
an}'
An
Pullets
teaspoonfulof
may
the-
properly.
Cause.
loss
this
hours.
the expulsion of
effecting
"
functions.
from
a
in
weaknesa
egg-bound.
water
to
muscle
extreme
an
its natural
two
warm
LEG
or
canal,
give
of
place
become
to
cases
rather
Symptoms.
the
temporarilyso
of sweet
wineglassful
of
fowl
In all
"
taking
perform
a
liable to become
very
fat
to
from
bowel
is
the
provoked by
liver,which,
is disordered.
Treatment.-, Keep the subject on
material, add
warm
and
give
freelywith
feed
to
of sweet
dose
a
Powder
Krekodyne
meat
oil
night
hay
the
to
and
or
some
other
drinking-water,
It is advisable
morning.
and
insect food
or
of
bed
a
"
vegetables.
CRAMP.
"
This
muscles.
a
more
less
or
from
Young
when
"
oil
by
Cramp
ducklings and
chickens
water,
night
and
dry
Soak
them
morning.
and
are
wash
well
Feed
and
of the
result of
mostly the
improperly fed, and kept
"
contraction
on
very
a
diarrhoea
of
muscles.
improper management.
liable to become
damp
rub
legs and
in
some
affected birds with
cramped
floor.
wet
or
the affected
then
by
of the
readilybe distinguished
can
the contraction
is
to
usuallyaccompanied
type.
severe
Cramp
Treatment.
warm
is
affection
leg weakness
Cause.
of the feet due
Distortion
Symptoms.
warm
feet in very
camphorated
nourishing
114
food
and
keep them
If diarrhoea
on
bed
a
is present,
of
hay
adopt the
or
other
some
material.
warm
prescribedfor
treatment
it.
RHEUMATISM-ARTHRITIC.
Inflammation
Symptoms.
"
in
The
walking.
some
affected
swelling of
rather
joints are
The
enlarged.
cases
and
hock
stiffness
joints,
the
in
red, heated, and
joints are
usually the
most
seriouslyaffected.
Cause.
This
"
that there
is in
Treatment.
camphor
some
three
water
should
be
of
grains
painted
be rubbed
inherited
subjecton
four
with
times
iodine,
highly probable
bed, and
warm
soda
in
give
from
tablespoonful of
a
The
day.
a
or
faultymanagement
predisposition.
a
of
salicylate
or
it is
feeding,though
an
the
result of
the
certainly
or
cases
Keep
"
live
to
should
is
regards housing
as
three
ailment
affected
joints
stimulating liniment
some
in.
FOOT.
BUMBLE
(Synovitis.)
An
Symptoms.
"
some
gradually increases
cases
the
between
out
hard
substance
takes
Cause.
the
disease
floor from
is the
been
has
by
It may
hard
a
The-
tissues
some
junction
of
round
puration
sup-
cases
Before
sore.
open
corn-like
a
in
bulges
the
there
is
usually
toes
be
a
synovial
a
caused
by
in
numerous
fowl
the
high perch.
or
sac,
No
which
ot
having
doubt
nearly all
cases
sheath
to
alight
constitutional
It
cases.
have
of
one
been
certainly
examined
me.
Treatment.
taken
then
of
predisposing cause
in the
so
the
at
and
it
in
inflamed.
Inflammation
"
tendons.
upon
foot
the
an
that
pressure
foot.
inflamed,
foot,which
extent
an
continued
to
place, resultingin
and
red
becomes
such
sole of the
become
enlargement,
any
the
on
the sole of the
on
to
Owing
toes.
is formed
substance
the
enlargement
"
If observed
place, paint
apply
a
In
bad
daily.
dissectingout
the
bandage
cases,
the
before
affected
rather
the
growth.
the
hardening
part with
iodine
tightly,repeating
only
When
chance
of
process
has
liniment,and
this treatment
effectinga
cure
is
by
doing,this apply a ligatureto
"5
the
leg just
excessive
round
as
blood
of
blood, then
the wound.
be
can
clean
Wash
the
and
water
dissect
wound
by pouring
upon
keep
it with
it in
"
surface, with
inflamed
are
forced
Cause.
this affection
has
say
Treatment.
vinegar
and
water
then
large
or
it
single
stream
a
stitches.
bandage.
a
scales
epidermic
between
seen
an
upon
of the
enlargement
A
leg.
scales,which
the
legs.
have
attention
given
it is caused
that
by
to
which
parasite,
a
paintingthe leg it
lotion
applicationswill usuallycure
using a
"
with
legs
stiffbrush
rather
;
days paint the leg with Scaly Leg
alternate
the
affected
the
cleanse
part in three
one
on
allow
to
to
copiesmutans.
"
When
upwards,
be
Thoroughly
"
dry well, and
Lotion.
found
have
named
been
of
pathologistswho
Eminent
"
the
skin
LEG.
can
from
outwards
with
place
consequent
substance
powdery
few
a
all
of the affected
much
as
skin
sound
tendons
accumulation
An
Symptoms.
out
the
through
injuring the
SCALY
white
tightlyto prevent
without
close
then
and
pad,
wet
a
it
carefullycut
Next
removed
vessels.
Apply
is, bind
foot, that
part requiring removal, leaving all the
over
part
the
loss of
the
close
above
to
should
held
be
between
run
the worst
with
the
the foot
Four
scales.
cases.
VARIOLA.
(Small-Pox.)
Symptoms.
^The
"
in different
pustules,which
first
they
scab
forms
affected
this
asked
they had
case
birds
rather
are
I
I had
not.
I have
Cause.
ever
"
A
When
noticed
of them
if any
vary
eventually falls
and
disease
cases
examining
turkeys
had
one
feverish, yet
been
near
As
and
found
cases
fowls
and
the
size.
do
attacked
very
that it
poison spread by contagion.
At
expected,
was
not
by
naturally
poultry-man
seen.
blood
be
some
them,
small
rusty-coloured
a
may
some
ailing,and
caught,
on
in
in
much
very
off.
is
symptom
later
yellowish blisters,but
are
depressed.
appear
characteristic
most
said
the worst
Ii6
Treatment.
the
Add
"
and
drinking-water,
the
dress
FEATHER
Symptoms.
When
"
there
not
are
certain
that
of the
fowls.
Cause.
the
fowl
full of
fowls
feathers
This
"
vice
and
The
fattymatter,
fowls.
This
for
feather
eating.
them
associates
these
Treatment.
feather
when
leather
instances
rests
they
it is almost
by
eaten
some
overcrowding,
or
a
frequentlyset
up
through
it has
ah
unusual
tasted
the
are
feathers, are
new
they
way
it is set
up
when
a
do
to
relished
much
very
contracted
have
they
and
will
race
the
habit
through
strange
a
of
fowl
fowl
place foyvlswith
by passing
gaq
eighth
in the mouth
for
and
nose
and
of
of
effective method
most
is
of the
an
and
overfed,or
by
patches, and
run,
feather because
it is advisable
The
"
plucking
septum
It is
in
is
fresh
it is dark.
vale's
the
result of
evident
many
Therefore
when
the
of fowls
when
In
a
maliciouslyseizing another, as
introduced.
plucked
occupation.
is made
scramble
been
be
may
and
their
lying about
have
feathers
of feathers
bare
are
seizingand pullingout
appearance.
or
oil when
sweet
EATING.
feathers
any
of exercise
want
by
with
break.
they
a.
pimples
preparationto
tonic
saline,aperientand
a
an
feather
a
piece of
eating
attaching to
inch
thick.
curing
copper
a
wire
fowl
of
through
poultry.
it a
The
pieceof
rubber
soft rubber
or
leather
prevents the fowl closingit firmlyenough
ii8
they
moulting. Cayenne
are
substances
added
are
poultry,with
be
because
done,
in
atoms
view
a
the
like the
in
liver.
sensitive
work
be
not
has
given
feverish
If any
to
is
to
of the
hasten
Birds
therefore
mild
a
should
should
be
with
the
pull
at
them
; in
the
itself.
because
cause
A
vice.
of
fowl
should
Fowls
cold and
of
a
they
of
in
a
mortem
post-
should
increase
the
fowls
of
when
they
beneficial.
If
to
its
moult,
view
a
fowl
a
littleearlier than
moulting
will
male
allow
bird
eating
is
when
seasonable.
moulting,
are
possible
the
than
or
until
the
males
time
to
over
the
they
when
be allowed
to
to
prolong
if left
to
is inattentive
and
become
should
be
up
of feathers
be
may
commence
he
be set
may
bare
tend
to
place with
warm
pullets sometimes
very
due
probably
assists
vigorous
a
moulting.
moulting-time approaches, and
until
and
wet
it is
use
when
temperature
a
when
not
serious
Experience
because
very
prove
more
feather
this way
a
This
Hens
feathers
organs-
disease
substances
depressed
would
become
females.
established
be the
rather
season.
and
recuperate
in
moult
a
kept apart
breeding
next
its
increased
separated
be
the
inflammation
continued,
Warmth
put
tonic
in
into sensitive
assist fowls
to
from
skin.
bring on
to
fluids
the
not
patient.
The
usually
are
sexes
the
of
minute
into
pungent
medicine,
frequentlygiven
moult.
a
that
me
a
sometimes
are
sittingtends
by
as
effect upon
they
they
even
is
use
should
ground
sub-acute
up
pungent
keepers
This
certainlyfollow.
real benefit is derived
laxative
and
proved
condition
Sulphur
if its
will
nature
sets
other
some
with
is carried
matter
and
organs,
is
mixed
blood, and
Pungent
serious
more
the
by
moult.
matter
pungent
gizzard,becomes
enters
intestines,
food
assisting a
to
the
soft
the
to
and
ginger
pepper,
when
get
wet
the
process,
to
an
placed
ing,
moult-
and
may
illness.
ENTERITIS.
(Inflammation of
the
Inner
Coat
of
the
Bowel.)
from
slightdepression to complete
Symptoms. These
vary,
thirst and
are
diarrhoea,
prostration. Symptoms usually seen
"
and
in
remains
some
cases
squat
on
the
the
subject may
ground.
be
seen
straining,but mostly
iig
Causes.
up
by
pepper
or
set
in the
When
"
due
not
the action
to
irritant mineral
some
such
bowel
like pungent
in
vegetable
or
substances
greater
a
lesser
or
of disease
substance.
will set
Cayenne
inflammation
up
degree, and
it is
germs,
certainlyin
the
Jiver.
Treatment.
three
every
bread
To
"
soothe
hours, and
scalded
with
the
feed
three
give
sparinglywith
boilingmilk.
frequentlystraining,increase
or
bowel,
In
the
raw
and
egg
when
cases
dose
little sweet
a
oil
of
crust
the
patient is
add
to
of oil and
it two
drops of chlorodyne.
CHRONIC
TUBERCULOSIS.
("Liver Disease.")
When
Symptoms.
"
tubercular
disease, and
"organ, there
and
eyes,
is
"
a
"
is
of
Chronic
fungus,
or
-checked
New
the
severe
cases
"extent
that
growths
disease
become
the
eyes
appear
extends
disease
colour,
incurable.
are
and
the
closed
up.
an
ulcerative
process,
yellowishdischarge oozes
a
the
round
over
By
like
somewhat
comb, face, or
the
upon
the mouth.
swollen, the
are
the liver
matter.
appears
enlargements usually break
-out.
too
CONTAGIOSUM.)
growth,
wattles,and occasionallyin
these
When
contagious disease,a growth
wart-like
face
DISEASE.
(MOLLUSCUM
3.
The
Disease."
of tubercular
FUNGOID'
In this virulent
important
yellowish
a
culous
tuber-
hollowness
causes
colour.
of
Liver
"
tuberculous
cases
other
or
flabby thighs.
usually
chronic
deposit of
which
"
unhealthy
an
symptom
deposit of
A
Treatment.
has
glands
wasting
"
sufferingfrom
considerable
a
and
excrement
is also
Cause.
soft
and
affected,the
iameness
there
loss of tissue
a
shrunken
appears
is
is
the
is
subject
in the liver,mesenteric
matter
under
the
originalones,
head
head
As
and
neck,
sometimes
the
and
if not
which
such
to
discharge
"
in
an
becomes
dry,
yellow
crusts
formed,
are
and
a
oifensive
very
odour
given
is
off.
Cause.
Contagion,
and
a
"
Treatment.
is
It
"
contagious
to
appear
the
be
and
a
:
Gently
Parasiticide
apply
of
salad
may
and
all
two
At
Krekodyne
the
the
may
yield
surface
same
Pills.
of
time
this
and
eggs
cases
off
scrape
of
subjects
producing
be
Mild
Lotion.
oil
kill
to
diseased.
seriously
treatment
teaspoonful
they
though
not
following
growth
half
disease,
advisable
very
susceptibility.
peculiar
to
the
give
GLOSSARY.
In
the
foregoingpages
commonly used, and
Abdomen.
The
I have
those which
endeavoured
may
(Lat. abdo, I conceal.)
posterior portion of the body,
containing
the
intestines
and
other
using words
not
here ex-plained.
are
to amass.)
Congestion, (l^st.congerere,
An
unnatural
in
an
accumulation
of blood
other
or
organ
of
part
a.
creature.
organs.
Albuminous.
of
to avoid
be understood
not
Having
albumen,
forming
thick
a
constituent
a
and
animals,
pure
in the
and
white
the
properties
glairy substance
part of plants
existing nearly
of
an
Cerebral.
Pertaining
Capillary,
hair.) A
minute
Chronic.
egg.
long
Amyloid.
form.)
(Gr. amylon,
Of
the
brain.
capillus,
blood
little
a
vessel.
(Gr. chronos,
time.)
Of
continuance.
starch, eidos,
Diarrhoea.
of starch.
nature
(Lat.
the
to
rhein,
(Gr. dia, through,
flow.)
to
A
and
purging.
Analysis.
(Gi. analuein, to resolve.)
Debility.
(Lat.
debilis, weak.)
by chemistry of any
Languor, weakness.
into
its primary and
matter
stituent
con(Gr. diphihera, a skin
Diphtheria.
Analyses, plural of
parts.
A
tion
stripped
off.)
growth, or formaanalysis.
The
resolution
of
Anaemia.
(Gr. a, without, aima,
blood.) A deficiency of blood.
false membrane.
a
Emphysema.
(Gr. emphysdn,
Distension
Antiseptic. (Gr. anti, against,sepein,
a
to
putrefy.) That
which
collection
(Gr. enteron, an intestine,
Inflammaitis,inflammation.) tion
Apoplexy. (Gr. apo, from, andplessein,
strike.)
A
deprivation
stroke,
of
of
the
power
a
due
of the
to
an
brain.
(Gr. epi, on,
Epidermic.
the
skin.) Pertaining
outer
or
intestines.
(Gr. arthron, a joint,and
Inflammation
itis,inflammation.)
of a joint.
the
(Gr. bronchos,
and
pipe,
wind-
bronchial
tubes.
Cloacitis.
(Lat. cloaca, a sink, and
mation
Inflamitis, inflammation.)
of the
vent
into
oviduct,
cavity just
which
and
their
the
urinary
inside
the
intestines,
organs
charge
dis-
contents.
Catarrh.
(Gr. kata, down, and rhein,
cold accompanied by a
to flow.) A
discharge.
(Gr. chole, bile, and rhein,
of the digestive
to flow.) A disease
characterized
by bilious
system
and great prostration.
diarrhoea
Cholera.
Excrement.
an
derma,
dermis,
epi-
the
layer of skin.
(Lat.
ex,
separate
to
excreted
matter
and
to
Superficial cell-tissue.
and
of,
out
and
from.) Waste
expelled from
animal.
Extravasation.
and
vas,
(Lat. extra,
a
vessel.)
flammation fluid passing
itis, inflammation.) Inof the
Gr.
Epithelium.
cernere,
Arthritis.
Bronchitis.
intestines.
sudden
Appendicitis. (L3.t.ad,to, a.ni pendere,
Gr. itis,denoting inflammation.)
to hang.
Inflammation
of appendages
of the
to
air.
Enteritis.
and
affection
flate.)
in-
to
due
will prevent
putrefaction.
to
of
of tissue
Exudation.
out
The
of its proper
(Lat. ex,
sudare,io sweat.) The
of
a
place.
of, and
out
exuded.
matter
fungus, fungus, and
Fungoid. {'Lz.t.
eidos, like.) A spongy
of,
out
act
Gr.
excrescence.
(Gr. gaster, the
Pertaining to the stomach.
Gastric.
stomach.)
Hepatitis. (Gr. hepar, the liver,and
Inflammation
itis, inflammation.)
of substance
of the liver.
Incipient. (Lat. incipere,to
Beginning, commencement.
begin.)
Indigestion. (Lat. in, not, and digere,
Not
to dissolve.)
digesting.
Intra-Muscular.
and
muscnlus,
the
canals
ducere,
which
Iiymph.
(Lat. lympha,
mesentery,
of
a
middle,
to
in
the
membrane
oviduct.
Miliary.
(Lat.
of
pus,
more
Oviduct.
matter.
an
ovum,
canal.)
a
Parasiticide.
The
Lat.
of
Pungent.
(Lat. pungere,
of
Affecting the organs
a
pricking sensation.
(Gr. pathos,
and
One
logos, science.)
pathology.
(Gr, rheuma,
(Lat. pendere,
of
peritoneum,
the
enveloping
joints
or
swine
"
and
tissues
versed
in
makes
pus,
matter.
and
membrane
a
The
purulent
bag.)
egg
the
white
of
the
joints
to
Lat.
for
effusion
white
of
fluid
a
a.
like
between
them.
with,
syn,
Lat.
ovum,
itis, inflammation.)
in the
of glands
with
Lat.
saccus,
placed
an
egg,
lubricate
Gr.
egg,
Inflammation
ducing
pro-
with, and
syn,
and
;
(Gr.
and
of
process
receptacle
A
and
under,
matter.
(Gr.
sac.
an
ovum,
cavities.
sub,
(Lat.
matter.)
A
hedge.)
(Lat. sepes, a
Septum.
partition separating two
hang.)
to
body.
the
(Gr. sepein, to putrefy.) That
that
is,
putrefaction,
causes
Synovial
affection,
of
organs
which
pus,
(Gr. peri, around,
Inflammation
stretch.)
to
humour.^
a
the
of
breeding
(Lat scrofa, a
being supposed subject
of
to
something
similar.) A defect
in the
constitution
causing tubercle
sow
Synovitis.
teinein,
sisting
Con-
muscles.
an
the
affection
painful
site
para-
a
Hanging.
Peritonitis.
with
matter.
pus,
Rheumatism.
A
prick.)
to
sense
(Lat. ptts, matter.)
Purulent.
ccedere,
parasites.
iPathologist.
Pendulous.
stomach.
Suppuration.
passage.
(Gr. farasitos,
or
hanger on,
kill.) A destroyer
and
egg,
egg
and
to
the
Septic.
fluid
(Lat.
ductus,
sembling
Re-
seeds.
less
or
millet.)
tion,
secre(Lat. mucus,
matter.)
Consisting
-purulent.
and
and
womb,
Inflammation
milium,
millet
the
Scrofula.
the
(Gr. metra,
the
Muco
and
Pertaining
itls, inflammation.)
of
water.)
abdomen.
the
Metritis.
of
before,
pro,
In
stomach.)
(Lat.
ventriculus,
of
(Gr.piesos,
cavity
tears.
pure
intestine.)
enteron,
and
fluid.
Mesenteric.
the
the
convey
colourless
A
(Lat. lachryma,
to
lead.) The
ducts.
and
tear,
Froventriculus.
front
muscles.
Xachpymala
(Lat. intra, within,
Between
muscle.)
a
of
a
fluid
joints
like
the
egg.
an
intestines.
(Lat. tuberculum,
in which
swelling.) A disease
Tuberculosis.
Pneumonia.
and
(Gr. pneumon,
itis, inflammation.)
mortis,
after
lung,
death.)
and
[Examination]
death.
form.)
of
parts
Tumour.
(white
albumen
caseine,
animal
of
which
"c.,
tissue
eidos,
(Gr. elkos,
Ulcer.
state
"
go
to
form
is, flesh-forming
that
(Lat. pro,
of
swell.)
trusum,
to
forward,
and
thrust.)
The
being protruded.
a
An
sore.)
Small-pox.
colour.)
Yermiform.
(Lat.
forma,
Yertigo.
affection
changing
varius,
(Lat.
egg), gluten,
matter.
trudere,
to
such
and
Protrusion.
various
body.
(Lat. tumere,
Variola.
as
in
formed
are
the
enlargement.
(Gr. protos, first,and
A
of
class
compounds
Proteids.
little
tubercles
(Lat. post, after,
Post-mortem.
mors,
a
vermis,
resemblance.)
(Lat. vertere,
of
the
nervous
to
a
worm,
like.
Worm-
turn.)
system.
An
a
123
INDEX.
PAGE
of
Advertising, Method
of
Anaemia, Treatment
Andalusian
Fowl, Qualitiesof
.
Animal
Matter, Food
.
Value
of
of
Apoplexy, Treatment
of
Appendicitis,Treatment
.
Apples, Food
Value
of
Arthritic,Treatment
Food
Barley,
.
of
Value
Barley-meal
Bleeding,How
Value
Cholera, Treatment
Cloacitis,
of
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
"
.
.
of
.
.
.
.
.
.
,,
Disease, Parasitic
Comb
.
.
Injuries of. Treatment
Comb,
Ulceration
of,
,,
Cold, Treatment
Coops
.
.
Mixed
Corn,
Cramp,
.
Crop-Binding
.
.
Treatment
25
24
94
18
26
43
of
25
loi
.
.
"
"
.
.
.
.
"
"
.
.
.
.
"
"
.
.
.
.
"
"
.
.
79
24
114
25
loi
97
57
34
108
95
92
of
93
.
.
.
.
36
.
.
in
.
.
"
"
.
.
.
.
,,
.
.
.
.
Chickens
to
,,
Disinfectants
..
of
Constituents
Digestionof
24
98
of
Function
106
Green
Vegetable
Insect
of
Behind, Treatment
Down
Dropsy of Wattles,
to
Ducklings, How
.
Fatten
How
to
Feed..
How
to
Hatch
.
117
106
of
.
.
Prevention
"
Food
Value
,,
of Eggs
..
69
Fungoid
"
"
of
.
.
,,
,,
for..
.;
of
Frost-Bite
Grit for
House
Fowls, Selection
69
,,
32;
.
34
.
.
of.
of
100
.
116
..
100
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
19
21
iS
17
2S
26
28
..
..
on
..
,,
Ducks, Diseases
Foodstuffs, Notes
Fractures, Treatment
.
.
..
70
.
,,
Soft..
"
..
.
,,
46
.
.
Disease, Treatment
Feather
,,
.
33
"
..
.
.
,,
no
..
"
.
.
Poultry
34
Egg Production32;
Fatten
,,
..
.
.
to Increase
,,
Dorking Fowl, Qualitiesof
"34-
..
,,
,,
Diphtheria,
20
.
,,
,,
Dari, Food Value of
of
Diarrhoea, Treatment
.
95
.
.
,
"
..
..
,,
.
.
Eating, Treatment
How
to Destroy
Fleas,
Food, Analyses of
..113
..
.
Fattening Poultry
Feeding Ailing Poultry
Breeding Stock
57
-
of
Fats, Nature
loi
.
"
.
.
of
.
.
DEGENERATioN,Treatment
Fatty
93
,,
of
.
22
"
Cayenne Pepper, Evils of
Chickens, Food for
Feed
21
.
"
.
to
97
in
.
Food
Value
of
Cabbage,
of
Catarrh, Treatment
How
.
26
.
Foot, Treatment
,,
.
50
.
.
Fowls, Qualitiesof
Brewers'
Grains, Food Value
of
Bronchitis, Treatment
Broody Hens
Buckwheat, Food Value of
Bumble
.
"
Brahma
.
.
.
of
.
.
"
.
.
Formed
Food
Bones,
gi
.
.
.
Arrest
to
.
..114
.
,,
87
.
.
.
..
of
.
..
,,
Beans
Blood, How
.
.
22
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
"
.
.
.
.
of
3?
94
92
Disease
..119
..
..
72
72
68
Game
Fowl,
32
Gapes,
Treatment
..66
,,
Qualitiesof
of
False, Treatment
.
.
.
of
.
.
.
.
.
42
gS
107
124
PAGE
Breeds
Geese,
How
Eggs,
"
Keep
to
How
.
Fatten
How
to
Feed
How
to
Select
,,
,,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
"
"
,,
How
Grass,
Food
Green
Food
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Shells
Qualities oi.
Fowl,
Hamburgh
Hatching
.
.
.
.
Sitting,Selection
Hens,
Food
Hempseed,
.
.
.
.
.
Indian
of
.
Game
Potato,
26
28
Poultry-Farming
Poultry Food, Special
to
Poultry-house, How
30
Protrusion
47
Redcap
24
.
.
.
.
.
of
Value
Food
Insects,
.
.
Qualitiesof
Fowl,
Indigestion, Treatment
Poisoning,
73
.
of
Qualities of
Fowl,
Houdan
.
of, "c.
Value
Hepatitis, Treatment
74
53-58
8g
54-56
Examination
Health
Pneumonia,
46
Scotch
26
.
.
.
.
Langshan
(see Hepatitis)
Fowl, Qualities of
Fowl
Leghorn
Leg Weakness,
Lice,
How
Destroy
How
Value
.
.
.
"
"
.
"
Disinfectant
Disease
..
Congestion of
Fatty Degeneration
..
Inflammation
of
How
Maize,
Food
Soft
96
.
"
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
"
"
.
.
.
.
"
"
"
"
.
.
.
Moulting
"
Food
Value
of
.
Ground,
.
Value
Food
,,
no
.
25
.
of
IDO
115
"
How
Food,
Prepare
to
27
of
Eggs, Cause
Stock, Disposal of
Sunflower
Seeds, Constituents
Food
Value
of
Swedes,
98
86
of
21
26
.
of
Treatment
Head,
Food
Tares,
.
105
.
of
114
.
.
Value
of
.
25
Turkey
24
.
of
Treatment
(Chronic)
,,
Tumours,
102
119
,,
of
Treatment
of
94
61
Feed
61
.
.
Chicks, Delicacy
How
to
"
"
.
.
.
.
Diseases
Turkeys,
of
62
.
97
How
47
Where
to
117
How
How
55
Turkey
23
Variola,
23
Vertigo,
.
61
Fatten
to
Keep
Feed
59
60
to
House
59
to
Select
to
Eggs,
How
Treatment
59
60
Set
to
of
.
"5
.
97
,,
25
Water
..26
20
.
.
"
"
43
97
Vessels
Parasites..
Constituents
Value
of
of
.
.
.
.
.
.
Value^of
Food
How
21
24
Wyandotte
.
to
How
to
Fowl,
expel
22
.
of
Treatment
Comb,
Worms,
Wounds,
100
..
..
..
29
,,
Wheat,
White
Peas, Food
of
of
,,
Fowl, Qualities of
Orpington
of
Oviduct, Inflammation
Parsnips,
43
115
Treatment
How
of
Oatmeal
Onions
.
of
.
100
Nests
Oats,
.
.
.
Disease,
24
26
Meat
.
..
,,
of
Metritis, Treatment
Minorca
Fowl, Qualities of
to Destroy
Mites, How
.
25
103
Qualities of
Value
26
Mangel-wurzel
.
Soft-shelled
27
.
.
Maize-meal
.
.
.
95
.
.
.
"
22
Treatment
Synovitis, Treatment
of
114
106
Fowl,
..96
Breed
to
Value
.
..
Treatment
Tuberculosis,
Maggots,
46
.
106
..119
.
.
.
,,
.
.
of
Swelled
.
.
.
.
of
7-16
..117
of
Value
Scrofula,
Small-Pox
no
..
35
"
of
ot
Grey
42
10
"
.
.
47
99
.
construct
.
Food
Skin
113
.
25
"
Dry
"
g6
Make
to
..
,,
.
.
Best
,,
.
of
Treatment
,,
Liver
.
.
,,
to
Limewash,
.
94
.
75-88
Qualities of
Sharps, Food
Lameness
.
Treatment
Scaly Leg,
of
.
.
.
Diphtheritic
Rye,
.
..
Treatment
,,
.
.
of
of Vent
Rice, Food
102
.
of
Value
Fowl,
Roup,
.
Treatment
Food
43
of
Treatment
Rheumatism,
96
46
m
..
no
Fowl, Qualities of
Rock
.
of
.
74
""74
..
Value
"
"
Feed
to
.
and
.
74
Pip
Plymouth
73
.
.
.
Goslings,
Grit
.
Hatch
to
to
.
.
.
.
.
91
99
Dress
Qualities of
"
"
93
43
,
YALE'S REMEDIES FOR PIGEONS.
"
"
of Roup, Colds, Diarrhoea,,
I" cases
PI LLS."
going light,"give one Pill night and morning. A bird sufferingfrom
Diarrhoea, or
going light,"should have from ten to twenty drops of salad oil
two
one
or
capsules with each Pill. As a Tonic giveone Pill a day. These:
Pills are
prepared from pure vegetable substances, and do not contain arsenic,
which
is used in pillssold to revive,invigorate,
and act as a "pick-me-up."
and
KREKODYN
E
"
"
"
"
BOXES
containing
42
Pills,7d.; 90, 1/-; one gross, 1/6;
five gross, 5/- post free.
CANKER
LOTION."
Fo"^
throat, this Lotion
will be found
invaluable.
be used
can
squabs
on
a
and
days old.
With
^"'^
"
a
of the
fine camel
rtiouth
or
's-hair brush
it
each, post free.
"y"^, and
^^^^
gross, 2/6;
(Canker)
ulceration
In bottles,i/-
LOTION.
ANTISEPTIC
mouth
few
two
washing
out
the
nostrils.
lotion should
be painted on inflamed joints,
and
the
feet of scurf or parasites.
clearing
legs
daily.
Besides the local treatment, birds sufferingfrom an affection of the jointsshould
have ten drops of salad oil and a Krekodyne Pill daily.
LOTION.
WING
"
This
"
It is also serviceable
for
E"
KREKODYN
This
POWDER."
cases
Roup, "going light,"Diarrhoea, "c.
contagious diseases, and is an excellent tonic. When
of
mild
stimulate
in
their
moulting.
When
the
are
spreadingof
ill it will
not
splendidfeather,and
cures
assist them
Price
are
not
systems, keep them
TON!
assists
drinking water,
birds
birds
digestiveorgans, keep
i/-per box, three for 2/6, post free.
them
A N T IS E PT IC
bird's
in
preparation quickly
It checks
and
saline Tonic
checks
the
when
added
of the
to
a
sick
disease.
spreading
digestiveorgans, invigoratetheir
in splendidfeather,and assist them
in moulting.
a
cure
ill it will stimulate
Six
CAPSULES.
This
C"
"
Salad
their
packets, 2/-,post
Oil for
Pigeons,
free.
i/-,2/6,5/-per box, post free.
^'
GOING LIGHT,"
ROUP " KINDRED AILMENTS IN PIGEONS:
Their
Causes,
By
The
"
"dreaded
The
"
We
"
booklet
diseases
no
PIGEON
"The
is not
attack
anon
book
W.
free.
information
pigeons of
for the treatment
all varieties."
Fanciers'
"
only equallyvifellarranged,but equallywell got up."
"
in
thoroughly recommending
Price
printed,and
that
the booklet."
in HEALTH
VALE.
is well
Treatment.
3icl.,post
practicaland valuable
and
hesitation
useful littlework
a
much
and
Price
MANAGEMENT
By
and
VALE.
contains
which
ever
booklet
have
W.
Symptoms
into three
divided
fancier should
no
parts
be without."
"
of those
Gazette.
Fowls.
Poultry.
"
" DISEASE.
1/7, post
free.
housing,feeding and
Racing Pigeon.
"
diseases,
Pigeon Management,' as its name
implies,treats of such important subjectsas feeding,
housing and diseases,and pigeon-keepersare indebted to the author for this little work, which
we
can
thoroughly recommend."
Poultry.
'
"
"
and practical
with the housing,feeding
deals in a plsiin
manner
Pigeon Management
with
of pigeons. As the writer so truly observes, Success
pigeons depends
of the food fed to
almost entirelyupon the knowledge of their keeper as regards the suitability
of
should
read it. 'Pigeon Management
has 71 well-filled pages
them.'
All pigeon men
should be without
instruction on housing,feeding and diseases,and no pigeon-fancier
a copy."
"Bath
Daily Chronicle.
"
and
'
'
diseases
'
'
AND ECONOMICALLY.
HOW TO FEED PIGEONS SCIENTIFICALLY
Second
"The
work
beginning to
"
I have
Mr. Vale
sense
and
be
before
end."
is like
us
W.
By
all others
3id., post
Price
VALE.
the
from
same
pen,
free.
thoroughly practicalfrom
Poultry.
"
and Economically.'
latelybeen much struck by How to Feed Pigeons Scientifically
and of a naturalist of common
the point of view of a chemist
the questionfrom
'
treats
observation."
Pigeons
must
Edition.
sent
taken
with
Examinations,
"
O. E.
in for
every
Cresswell,
treatment.
bird.
Other
1/7. Subjects to
Letter
Esq.
"
Fee,
feathered
be delivered
of Advice.
"
if cured,
6/6,including i/6which
creatures,
10/6. Post-mortem
carriagepaid.
Fee, 1/7.
HOW
TO
By
The
"
"
book
'
How
Feed
to
VALE.
keepers,
'
1/7. post
Price
How
to
Vale.
Canaries,' by W.
Feed
free.
in
Volumes
an
shell."
egg-
Review.
thorough, therefore
treated"
plain and
perusal."
repay
W.
for bird
Fanciers'
"
CANARIES.
FEED
Canaries
and
other
is nothing if not
Vale
Mr.
Birds.'
is admirably
that the subject dealt with
will well
useful information, and
contains
much
Seed-eating
it is superfluous for us
the point. The work
to
add
to
Poultry.
"
of Mr. Vale's handbooks
is another
and other Seed-eatingBirds
The
get-up of the
price is. 6d. seems
large for so small a book.
book is such as to justifythe expense
stand
the covers
some
handling. This
of it ; it makes
likelyto be
quality,though an external one, will be severelyput to the test by the demands
made
the contents."
Scottish Poultry journal.
on
"
'
with
How
Feed
to
much
'
Canaries
in little.
Its
"
"
"
DISEASES
Their
3rd
Edition
Causes,
(Revised
"
All breeders
"
Mr.
Vale
and
has
keepers of
made
consequently practicalmen
pleasurein recommending
"6
A
remedy
Dose
"
it."
"
a
ought
without
appreciatethe
Poultry.
fail
Canary
i
or
and
2
Diarrhoea
drops
The
66
tends
to
is
an
n:
three
in birds.
times
a
Price
"
""rx7'
becoming too fat,and
n
xt
is of great service
1/- per
we
Fowls.
"
many
have
yearsf
great
1/- per
Bottle, post
free.
according to size.
it is
small bird, especiallywhen
a
bird's throat a camel's-hair
pencilor
day, and
for other
birds
close its mouth,
to
then
turn
the
99
antisepticsaline preparation for adding to the drinkingwater
of the breathing and digestiveorgans.
It is also
prevent birds
for
specialstudy
for affections
Price
to
them
while
of cage birds as a
excellent tonic,
an
moulting.
Box, post free
'
W.
its contents."
free.
99
"
This
peruse
of his researches, and
following is a capital way to give Krekodyne
to
sufferingfrom a cold or asthma :" Pass to the back of the
feather that has been dipped in the medicine
the bird
; allow
it.
pencilor feather round and withdraw
remedy
to
tribe his
results
1/7,post
Price
VALE.
By W.
of the feathered
Treatment.
xrT"T7"/Mrr^T^"v^ia"ir"
for Colds, Asthma
For
birds
cage
diseases
will
and
Symptoms,
Enlarged).
"
BIRDS:
CAGE
OF
wwwwwww^vvwr^
TOWER HOUSE,SOUTH NORWOOD,
YALE,Dispensary,
A
few
which
Testimonials
be
may
London,
S.E.
selected
inspected at
from
Tower
thousand,
ten
over
House, South
Norwood,
:"
THE
PROBLEM
SOLVED.
In
for ventilation;
Poultry in April, 1885, the Editor said, So much
and
the prevention of roup.
it has
Its successful
when
once
treatment,
of the
acquired a firm hold on a bird, has for years been considered
one
difficult problems which
the poultry-keeper encounters.
If we
most
may
"
judge
irom
the
number
the
successful
of
use
problem
of letters which
Vale's
Mr.
been
has
have
treatment
reached
we
in reference
us
Langley,
Bucks.
contains
useful information.
for your
book, which
have worked
wonders, and made
My
;"^ioodifference to me.
in splendid health.
Yours
truly,
Thanks
remedies
are
now
A.
Pietermaritz
295
poultry pillswhich
The
and
Sons
are
I sent
for
C.
Messrs.
excellent.
W.
Dear
longer
P.O.
Chickens
ask
to
once
pillsthe
your
just received
have
recently received
'
use
Sir,
I
and
I
and
you
from
them
to
Fowls,'
forward
Box
Meadowcroft
MELDRUM.
Zealand.
I like them.
S.
South
Johannesburg,
41c,
MAJOR.
C. K.
Africa.
box
a
Mr.
of your pillsfrom
Spencer, who
and the loan of j'our booklets, ' Roup,
you,
and I
me
better
Your
birds.
Street, Pietermaritzburg.
through
Christchurch, New
The
that
solved."
Sir,
Dear
the
to
think, safely say
we
may,
am
pleased
so
of
some
and
same
with
both
the
booklets
that
I
has
"c.,'
write
at
too.
R.F.J.
Mr.
Sandley House,
Vale,
Please
which
enclose
I
done
send
with
my
The
Sir,
thousands
gross
remedies
G.
faithfully,
Game
I am
pleased
very
with
have
proved
supplied me
pheasants here this year, and
many
of
of pheasants
Farm,
Hargham,
the
that
to
that
since
another
me
chickfens
using it my
it in
they have had
died
since
still
persists in keeping
think
that
is from
School
21
send
pure
his
HORNBY,
Capt.
Attleborough, Norfolk.
Powders
Krekodyne
you
cold, roup,
die from
that
Esq.
Sir,
Please
Dorset.
pills tor poultry, for
wonderful, they have
say
6000
of the greatest benefit in rearing some
of their value, I feel certain
if keepers knew
Vale,
Dear
are
PHIPPS
Yours
W.
your
Gillingham,
birds.
Yours
Dear
five
shillings. Your
five
marvellously
another
me
head
cussedness.
box
have
their
well
etc., would
be
saved.
faithfully,S. J. BELL.
Road, Sparkhill,Birmingham.
I may
Krekodyne Powder.
say
improved marvellously, none
having
little heast
One
drinking fountains.
of
sunk
between
his
shoulders, but
Faithfully yours,
T.
W.
WILKINSON.
I
Mr.
Vale,
Dear
Will
kindly
you
pleased
am
to
send
that
say
first
by
me
post
Krekodyne
your
box
a
pills have
send
acted
the
me
following
marvellously
on
as
order
small
a
birds.
my
I
Sir,
Pills
for
High
7
Will
please
you
fowls.
I
poultry-keeper
send
per
speak
cannot
should
return
always
re-sale.
a
PUXTY.
Krekodyne
consider
and
them,
Faithfully
them.
by
supply
a
Sussex.
Battle,
celebrated
your
of
Sir,
I
but
good,
Rudge
have
it is
pills, which
used
a
will
lot
your
trouble
of
be
Krekodyne
Pills
DAVIS.
catching
the
by
overcome
years,
quantity
a
Powder
and
which
found
fowls
of
you
Garrel
Please
in
of
cases
forward
and
roup
me
1/6 box
a
of
Glen
your
colds.
Kilsyth,
They
Ashleigh
Your
stud
of
Light
Krekodyne
upwards
last
"
of
Pills
Dragons
150
Please
season.
have
did
I
forward
House,
given
five
a
gross
per
Yours
PATERSON.
bird
Sir,
20
Please
it
is
the
plight,
for
I
but
send
best
of
stuff
has
killing
box
another
I have
preparation
your
thought
me
made
and
Flood
of
used.
new
burying
My
birds
them.
of
of
my
Going
"
return.
faithfully,
Street,
your
Norfolk.
Out
through
F.
JONAS
Dear
value
great
Fakenham,
single
N.B.
truly,
satisfaction.
great
lose
not
of
are
Yours
Sir,
out.
DAINTON
E.
R.
Dear
the
brought
Cottage,
pills.
very
them
truly,
W.
Sir,
them
give
to
have
Yours
Dear
Somerset.
Frome,
Farm,
for
every
yours,
H.
Dear
The
truly,
yours
Street,
of
highly
too
have
box
of
Brynmanor.
C.
Dear
I
birds
DOBELL.
for
am,
Pills.
game
A.
Street,
Newport
g
Please
my
C.
truly,
Yours
Sir,
Krekodyne
of
cured
Powder
cholera.
Dear
Dalton-in-Furness.
Road,
Ulverston
127
Sir,
Road,
King's
Krekodyne
birds
have
them,
in
WRIGHT.
Chelsea.
Powder.
been
fact
Yours
I
in
it has
a
saved
truly,
T.
MITCHELL.
can
very
say
bad
them,
w
The Scienceof Living
OR
HOW
FROM
FREE
KEEP
TO
LIFE,
PROLONG
AND
DISEASE,
BY
VALE.
W.
[Consultant for
Price
2/6
All
Post
nett.
SECOND
W.
Tower
of Feathered
Diseases
House,
Creatures,]
Free
2/9.
EDITION.
VALE,
South
S.E.
Norwood,
So*
il
J*'or Contents
see
over.
LIVING.
OF
SCIENCE
THE
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Introduction..
The
5
Function
Division
9
Foodstuffs
of
Natural
Food
of
ID
.
.
Diets
12
l6
Foodstuffs
Notes
on
Animal
Table
of
Constituents
Notes
on
Breadstuffs,
Table
of
Constituents
Notes
on
Pulse
29
Notes
on
Veoetables
30
Table
of
.
21
.
Table
of
on
Table
of
35
Constituents
Oils
.
4"
Constituents
.
The
Cause
The
Degeneration
The
Influence
Old
"
44
5"
Mankind
of
of
"
Age
Predisposing
The
Cause
to
Suitable
of
Eat
and
Disease
of
57
Water
Result
and
55
Cause
6o
of
How
Overeating
62
Much
.
63
.
Dieting
66
.
.
Table
Food
68
.
The
54
.
Nutrition..
and
Influence
52
Diet
.
The
43
.
Life
of
of
Digestion
When
39
.
Fruit
Duration
a
37
.
Vegetable
of
The
Food,
33
.
Nuts
Value
Notes
27
Constituents
.
The
23
.
.
on
.
"c.
.
Notes
.
.
Comparative
Diet
and
Value
Foodstuffs
69
Disease
.
Involuntary
of
71
.
Work..
76
Glossary
78
PRINTED
BY
J.
D.
SMITH,
DEPTFORD,
LONDON,
S.E.