Understanding China and how to do business in China in the 21st century
(A new modular 6-week China elective adaptable in duration, timing, and
topical content to suit different curriculum requirements)
Module Overview
China is already the world’s 2nd largest economy, expected to become the world’s largest by
2027 or thereabouts. As China’s footprints are now global, perhaps nothing is more important
in the transformed world of the 21st century than gaining a strategic understanding of a
Rising China and developing the key skill-sets in taking on the many challenges and
opportunities.
Drawing on years of experience in engaging with Mainland China on a broad front as well as
the latest research and case studies, this Summer School elective is designed to provide
students from different backgrounds with an in-depth and up-to-date knowledge of a rapidly
changing China, including a working knowledge of how to do business in China and a critical
insight of China’s latest macroeconomics and international relations.
Specifically, this six-week elective examines in-depth China’s culture and tradition, the
dynamics of the Chinese state, market reforms, trade and investment, finance, consumer
market, business strategies, the Art of War, the China dimension of the global financial crisis,
China’s Green Revolution and the sustainability of a Rising China.
On a broader front, the elective also delves into the geopolitics and geo-economics of energy
security and Climate Change, and how science and technology could help China to achieve a
low-carbon future. It examines China’s three MegaTrends – Massive Urbanization, Rapid
Mobility, and her Rising Middle-Class. It looks into the so-called currency war with the RMB
and debates China’s involving position in a multi-polar world. It outlines China’s changing
bilateral relations including countries in Africa and highlights how China is being perceived
across the world as well as how such perceptions may be improved.
The elective is enriched by a combination of lectures, class seminars with student
presentations and critique, and field visits to experience Chinese art, culture, people and
businesses. The elective should be attractive to executives, students and academics from
diverse backgrounds wishing to develop a sharper business and macroeconomic insight into
China in the 21st century.
Aims
 To equip participants with a deep and critical insight into a fast-changing China in the 21st
century in the context of social, economic, political, cultural, technological, environmental
and geopolitical dimensions, including China’s Rise in international relations.
 To develop participants’ in-depth knowledge and critical ability to understand events and
developments related to China and to form their own independent judgements
 To develop a deeper understanding of Chinese culture, business strategies, and how to do
business with and inside China
 To develop awareness of and familiarity with the variety of aspects and dimensions of
issues and business opportunities related to China and the ability to do independent
research thereof.
 To develop presentational skills on China related issues and businesses
Learning Outcomes
On completion of the module, the students will be able to demonstrate intellectual,
transferable and practicable skills in understanding China and doing business in China in the
21st century, including the following:
 The ability to appreciate and form independent judgements on China’s changing social,
economic, political, cultural, technological, business, environmental and geopolitical
dimensions, including China’s Rise in international relations.
 The ability to critically analyse multi-dimensional issues and business prospects relating
to China
 The ability to undertake independent research into critical issues relating to China
 A greater confidence in analysing, presenting, arguing and evaluating business ideas and
opportunities relating to China
 A greater confidence in interacting with China and the Chinese people
Methodology
The Module is designed to provide up to 22 lectures of 1 ½ hours each (totalling 33 hours)
plus 20 class seminars of another 1 ½ each (totalling 30 hours) but can be modified in
duration and scope by selecting any components or topics to suit different requirements.
The Module may be used in parallel or in combination with the whole or part of the other
Elective ’Global Strategic Management and Cross Culture Management’
The learning process is designed to stimulate proactive participation by students. The class
will be pre-divided into small teams of two or more students each. After a lecture and a short
break, the time is allotted for separate student power-point presentations on pre-allotted
topics and to respond to questions, comments and critiques by their peers in the class, subject
to the guidance of the professor. Usually, there will be two class presentations, each followed
by Q & A, taking up another 1 ½ hours in total. Subject to curriculum requirements, each
team may also be required to work up a Written Analysis project on a selected topic
Normally there will be a written essay-style Final Examination to consolidate and test the
knowledge and understanding gained by students.
Each student is assessed according to his/her (a) class performance (b) Final Examination and
where appropriate, (c) Written Analysis Project
On satisfactory completion of the full Module including the written examination, and Written
Analysis Project where applicable, the University may award a Certificate to a participant
passing the required overall standard.
Teaching Plan and Syllabus
WEEK 1
Understanding China’s Macroeconomics and International Relations in the 21st
Century
(1) Energy Security and Countering Climate Change
Energy and resource security in the context of China’s development needs; supply and
transportation security; world competition and geopolitics; China’s global energy network
and rationale; environmental challenges and Climate Change; China’s strategy and actions;
game-changing ‘Green Swans’ ahead
Reference/Reading:
 Watts, Jonathan, When a Billion Chinese Jump, Faber and Faber, April, 2011
 Energy Security and Countering Climate Chao, A short note written for the Asymmetric
Threats Contingency Alliance (ATCA) dated 8 August, 2006, at
http://andrewleung.typepad.com/publications/files/energy_security_and_countering_clima
te_chaos.pdf
 The Green Swans of Climate Change, a specially commissioned article for the Ethos
Magazine, London, Winter 2009/10 Issue at
http://www.andrewleunginternationalconsultants.com/files/the-green-swans-of-climatechange---china-ethos.pdf
 How Green Geopolitics And Geo-Economics Will Change China And The World, article
in A Changing China, Trombly International, MA USA, 2009 at
http://www.andrewleunginternationalconsultants.com/files/a-changing-china---book-bychina-speakers-bureau.pdf

An Eastern Alchemy for Global Harmony? - article re-published in the BN (Business
Network) Magazine, London in August 2010 at
http://www.andrewleunginternationalconsultants.com/files/bn---an-eastern-alchemy-forglobal-harmony.pdf
(2) How Science, Technology and Globalization will transform China in the 21st Century:
China's Sustainable Industrial Development
How Flat is the World; China at heart of Globalization; China’s scientific and technological
advances and limitations; China’s industrial development constraints; China going Green;
new green technological frontiers; a sustainable industrial blueprint.
Reference/Reading:
 Friedman, Thomas, Hot, Flat, and Crowded, Penguin Books, 2009
 Krupp, Fred and Horn, Mariam, Earth: The Sequel, W. W. Norton & Company, 2008
 China’s Sustainable Industrial Development: Paradigm shifts in response to Global
Climate, Energy and Food Security, a peer-reviewed Paper presented at an international
conference at Fudan University in Shanghai, China on 16 April 2009 at
http://www.andrewleunginternationalconsultants.com/files/chinas-sustainable-industrialdevelopment-_revised-2_.pdf
 How Technology and Globalization will drive China in the 21st Century, a Keynote
Speech at the AGM of the China-Britain Technology and Trade Association on 11 June,
2006 at
http://andrewleung.typepad.com/publications/files/how_technology_and_globalisation_ar
e_driving_china_in_the_21st_century.pdf
(3) A Sustainable China in a Turbulent World: Survival, Adaptation and Transformation –
The Next Five Years (2011-15)
Swing of the global pendulum; some new Power Brokers; East Asian dynamics re-defined;
Africa becoming more China-centric; Threshold of China’s Renaissance; Grand Design or
Binding Time; China’s Ten Mega-Trends; China’s Green opportunities; 12th Five Year Plan
(2011 -15)
Reference/Reading:
 Diamond, Jared, Collapse, Penguin Books, 2005
 A Sustainable China in a Turbulent World: Survival, Adaptation and Transformation, a
presentation to the China Development Society at the London School of Economics on 3
February 2010 at http://www.andrewleunginternationalconsultants.com/files/asustainable-china-in-a-turbulent-world---survival-adaptation-and-transformation.pptlse.pdf

Paradox of a Rising China in transition, a panel presentation at the University of Chicago
Booth School of Business London Campus on 9 March 2010 at
http://www.andrewleunginternationalconsultants.com/files/paradox-of-a-rising-china-intransition.pdf
 Is China Overheating, my article at
http://www.andrewleunginternationalconsultants.com/chinawatch/2011/02/is-chinaoverheating.html
(4) China’s Mega-Trends: (1) Massive Urbanization – A Billion Urbanites by 2030
Shenzhen-Hong Kong Metropolis; Pearl River Delta: Nine Cities Nexus; Yangtze River
Delta - Shanghai Ning-Hu-Hang Region; Bohai Rim - Beijing-Tianjing-Heibei (Jing-Jin-Ji)
Nexus; The Central China Region; The Northeast Region; The Southwest Region; The
Northwest Region; Second-tier Regional Cities; China’s Urban Billion; Eco-response to
ecological pressures; The economics of integrated urban clusters; The Problem of Rural
Migrants; Urban architecture and heritage; Urban Neighbourhood Residents’ Committees.
Reference/Reading:
 Campanella, Thomas J, The Concrete Dragon: China’s Urban Revolution and What it
Means for the World, Princeton Architectural Press, New York, 2008
 China's MegaTrends (1) Massive Urbanization, my research note at
http://www.andrewleunginternationalconsultants.com/new/2009/12/chinas-megatrends-1massive-urbanization-1.html
 Preparing for China’s Urban Billion, McKinsey Global Institute, March 2008 at
http://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/reports/pdfs/China_Urban_Billion/China_urban_billion_f
ull_report.pdf
WEEK 2
(5) China’s MegaTrends: (2) Rapid Mobility - A Nation on the Move
Railways; Expressways; Private cars; Air travel; Mobile communications; Internet; People
mobility; Social mobility; Market and business mobility.
Reference/Reading:
 Miller, Federick P, et al, (Editors), Transportation in the People's Republic of China, ,
Alphascript Publishing , 2010
 China’s MegaTrends: (2) Rapid Mobility – A Nation on the Move, my research note at
http://www.andrewleunginternationalconsultants.com/files/chinas-megatrends-2-rapidmobility-2.pdf
(6) China’s MegaTrends: (3) Rise of the middle-class – the birth of a consumer society
The Great Spenders; Changing consumer patterns; The rising consumption class;
Consumption trends; Unique Chinese consumer behavior; Coming inflexion points; Why
more spending amongst Savers?; Consumer behavior by sectors; The Chinese Wealthy;
Reality check; Imperatives of a consumer economy; structural barriers.
Reference/Reading:
 Garner, Jonathan, The Rise of the Chinese Consumer – Theory and Evidence, John Wiley
and Sons, 2005
 Farrell, Dianna, Gersch, Ulrich A. and Stephenson, Elizabeth, The Value of China’s
Emerging Middle Class, McKinsey Quarterly 2006, Special Edition, pages 60 – 69.
 China’s MegaTrends: (3) Rise of the middle-class – the birth of a consumer society, my
research note at http://www.andrewleunginternationalconsultants.com/files/chinasmegatrends-3-rise-of-the-middle-class-3.pdf
(7) Currency ‘Wars’ – the Future of the RMB
It’s jobs, stupid!; The Rhetoric and the Reality; The post-crisis myth of Quantitative Easing;
The Triffin Dilemma; Global imbalance underneath the carpet; National Intelligence Council
Project 2025; the RMB and Reserve Currencies
Reference/Reading:
 Cooley, John K, Currency Wars: How Forged Money Is the New Weapon of Mass
Destruction, Skyhorse Publishong, 2008
 Currency War and the RMB: Monetary Policy, Imbalances, and the Global Reserve
Currency System, a research note at
http://www.andrewleunginternationalconsultants.com/chinawatch/2011/03/currency-warand-the-future-of-the-rmb.html
 Currency War and the RMB: Monetary Policy, Imbalances, and the Global Reserve
Currency System, a power-point presentation at the Forum Istanbul, Turkey, April, 2011 at
http://www.andrewleunginternationalconsultants.com/files/forum-istanbul-2011--currency-war-and-the-future-of-the-rmb.pdf
 Currency Wars - A threat to global recovery?, my article published in The ANALYST,
official journal of The Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India (ICFAI)
University Press, November 2010 at
http://www.andrewleunginternationalconsultants.com/files/icfai---currency-wars---athreat-to-global-recovery.pdf
 China’s Liquidity Management: A juggling and balancing act, my research note at
http://www.andrewleunginternationalconsultants.com/files/chinas- liquidity- managementpdf.pdf
 Will any 'regional' currency substitute the USD as a reserve currency?, my commentary
on 20 December 2010 on the McKinsey Quarterly Executive Panel, an online platform, at
http://www.andrewleunginternationalconsultants.com/publications/2010/12/will-anyregional-currency-substitute-the-usd-as-a-reserve-currency.html
(8) Global Paradigm Shifts and Game Change with a Rising China in a Multi-polar World
Beyond the Black Swans; The Tide is Turning; Era of Transnational High Speed Rail; Epoch
of Cross-border Mega Urban Regions; Middle Class rising across the Globe; Growing Power
of Mega Capital; How permanent is the USD Trap; Dynamics of energy and food security; a
New China in Africa; The World Going Green; Silk Road Renaissance;
Reference/Reading:
 Rachman,, Gideon, Zero-Sum World , Atlantic Books, 2010
 Jacques, Martin, When China Rules the World: The Rise of the Middle Kingdom and the
End of the Western World, Allen Lane, 2009
 Global Paradigm Shifts and Game Change with a Rising China, my presentation at the
Forum Istanbul 2010 at
http://www.andrewleunginternationalconsultants.com/files/forumistanbul-2010---globalparadigm-shifts-and-game-change-with-arising-china-1.pdf
 Global Trends 2025: A Transformed World, National Intelligence Council, November
2008 at http://www.dni.gov/nic/PDF_2025/2025_Global_Trends_Final_Report.pdf
 National Intelligence Council’s 2025 Project: how the US should understand and engage
China in navigating the uncharted waters, my commentary at
http://www.andrewleunginternationalconsultants.com/chinawatch/2008/12/nationalintelligence-councils-2025-project-how-the-usshould-understand-and-engage-china-innavigat.html
WEEK 3
(9) China’s bilateral relations
The Big Picture; Core National Interests; World Order; China’s Rise; Security Dilemma;
Geopolitical rivalry; Energy and resource security; Territorial integrity; Military hegemony;
Soft Power and Asymmetric Power; Comprehensive Power; Regional Balance; Territorial
Claims; Developmental convergence and divergence; Culture and Value Systems;
Globalization and Its Disconnects; Global Issues; US, Russia, EU; Japan; India; ASEAN;
Asia-Pacific; Central Asia; Middle East; Latin America; Africa.
Reference/Reading:
 Kaplan, Robert, Monsoon – The Indian Ocean and the Future of American Power,
Randon House, New York, 2010
 Ross, Robert S and Zhu Feng, China’s Ascent: Power, Security, and the Future of
International Politics, Cornell University Press, 2008
 Bergsten, C Fred et al, China: The Balance Sheet, Public Affairs, New York, 2006
(10)
A New China-Africa Financial, Investment & Business Partnership: Lessons for
the international aid, investment and trade architecture
Sorry tale of Western Aid; China’s African trade flows; Nature and Scope of China’s
financial engagements in Africa; China’s infrastructural investments in Africa; How
accountable are China’s financial disbursements?; How sustainable are the Chinese
loans?;Traditional objectives of China’s African strategy – What does China want?; China’s
African Special Economic Zones; Forum on China- Africa Cooperation; The Equator
Principle of Sustainable Development; China’s investments in African agriculture; Growth of
Chinese migration and small and medium enterprises in Africa; Labour relations; Human
Rights; Impact on Governance and Democracy; Money beyond Aid; China’s African Balance
Sheet and the role of Civil Society; Policy Recommendations.
Reference/Reading:
 Moyo, Dambisa, Dead Aid, Allen Lane, Penguin Books, 2009
 Brautigam, Deborah , The Dragon’s Gift, The Real Story of China in Africa, New York:
Oxford University Press, 2009
 A New China-Africa Financial, Investment & Business Partnership: Lessons for the
international aid, investment and trade architecture, a Paper presented at the International
Conference 'China and the World: Crisis Adjustment and Global Prosperity' at the School
of Economics, Beijing University on 17 September, 2010 at
http://www.andrewleunginternationalconsultants.com/files/paper-ona-new-china-africafinancial-investment-business-partnership-4.pdf
Understanding China Businesses in the 21st Century
(1) Cultural Origins & Business Traditions
Confucian Philosophy, Culture Defined, Social Structure, Enculturation, Acculturation,
Causes of Change, Reaction to Other Cultures, Confucianism and Cultural Legacy, Daoism,
Legalism, Buddism and Socialism, Confucian ‘Gentleman’, 4 Levels of Rulers, wu wei,
Leadership, Golden Mean, Chinese Values, Hierarchy, Sustainability of Commerce and Rule
through the Dynasties, Modern Amalgam, Substance and Function, Traditional Concepts,
Early Bankers and Family Businesses, Chinese Diaspora, Family Values, 5 Confucian
Relationships, guanxi, Profit and Non-Profit Priorities, Traditional Beliefs, Intuition,
Consensus, Officialdom and State Influence, guo qing, Globalization and Westernization,
SOEs, Systems and Procedures, Chinese Multinationals
Textbook:

Zhou Linong, China Business- Environment, Momentum, Strategies, Prospect, Prentice
Hall, Prentice Hall, Pearson Education south Asia Pte Ltd, 2006 (Chapters 1 -2 )
Reference/Reading:
 Vanhonacker, Wilfried R, China Casebook, McGraw Hill, 2004
(2) The Dynamics of the State
Opportunities and Risks, Economic and Social Efficiency, Demographics, Political Stability,
Civil Society, Legal, Social, Cultural, Technological, and Environmental Aspects, Common
(Generic), Industry and Company-specific rules and regulations, National Structure and
Machinery of Government, Planned Economy before Open Door Policy, China Now,
Economic Indicators and 11th Five-Year Plan, State Owned Enterprises, Major Roles and
Problems, SOE Reforms since 1986, Metamorphosis of Collective Enterprises and TVEs,
Private Enterprises, Individual Entrepreneurs, Family Businesses and Shareholding
Companies, Relation between Central and Local Governments, The Mountain is High,
Governance and Corruption, Bureaucracy, Professionalization, Meritocracy and Leadership
succession, Harmonious Society and Scientific Development
Textbook:
 Zhou Linong, China Business- Environment, Momentum, Strategies, Prospect, Prentice
Hall, Prentice Hall, Pearson Education south Asia Pte Ltd, 2006 (Chapters 3, 5, 10 )
Reference/Reading:
 Kuhn, Robert Lawrence, How China’s Leaders Think, John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd,
2010
WEEK 4
(3) From Market Reform to the 21st Century
Feeling the Stones, Rural Reform, Industrial and Urban Reform, Decentralization,
Collectives, Private Enterprises, 1979 to the 15th Party Congress, Breakthroughs, Land Use
Rights, FDI, Prices, Southern Tour, Grab the Big, Release the Small, WTO, Rule By Law,
Streamlining Government, Media and Public Opinion, Inflation Battles 1980s and 1992-7,
Asian Financial Crisis, Deflation and 2004 Overheating, Regional Differences and
Disparities, Debate over Tilted Reforms, East, NE, Central and West, PRD, YRD, Business
Environment in the Western Region, Macro-Regional Models, Mega Economic Circles,
Bohai Region, Pan PRD + 2, Container Port Network, Sea-Land Integrated Logistics, New
Silk Road, Growth of Transitional Economy to 2020, A Country of Paradox, The Blind Man
and the Elephant, Poverty Reduction, Inequalities, Labour Movement, Social Challenges,
Aging Profile, Internal and External Dynamics and Challenges, Major Trends, China in the
21st century, China Joins the Capitalist Club, 10 Mega-Trends of China in the coming
decades
Textbook:

Zhou Linong, China Business- Environment, Momentum, Strategies, Prospect, Prentice
Hall, Prentice Hall, Pearson Education south Asia Pte Ltd, 2006 (Chapters 4, 6, 8, 20 )
Reference/Reading:
 Tse, Edward, The China Strategy, Harnessing the Power of the World’s Fastest-Growing
Economy, Basic Books, New York, 2010
(4) Foreign Trade & Foreign Direct Investment
Historic growth of foreign trade, International Circulation on a Grand Scale, WTO, Foreign
Exchange Control and the RMB, Convertibility under Current Account, Build-up of Foreign
Currency Reserve, US Treasuries, Low Interest Rates, Global Credit Crunch, Types of
International Trade, Main Trading Partner Countries, Custom and Taxes, SEZs, Open Cities
and Municipalities, Export Processing Zones, Bonded Areas, Quotas, Licences and Permits,
FX Controls, State Monopolies, Export Credits, Export Rebates, Tariffs, Custom Clearance,
Transfer Pricing, FDI Categories, Trends and Evaluation, Preferential Treatment, JVs, Pros
and Cons, EJVs and WFOEs, JV Procedures, Letter of Intent, Feasibility, Contract, JV
Critical Factors, Technical, Financial, Policy, Key Success Factors, Potential Pitfalls,
Adaptation and Evolution, Performance of MNCs in China, FDI Market Penetration by
Sectors, Competition, Branding, Product Cycles, Distribution Channels, Foreign Rivals,
Kodak v Fuji
Textbook:
 Zhou Linong,, China Business- Environment, Momentum, Strategies, Prospect, Prentice
Hall, Prentice Hall, Pearson Education south Asia Pte Ltd, 2006 (Chapters 9, 12, 13, 14)
(5) Financial systems, Consumer market & Business Strategies
RMB Long march to Convertibility, PBOC, the Big Four, Non-State Commercial Banks,
City Commercial Banks, Foreign Banks, State Dominance in Borrowing, Cleaning Up NonPerforming Loans, Consumer Lending, Foreign Banks, Bubbles, Stock Market, Types of
Shares, Listing, De-listing, QFII, QDII, Policy Market, Financial Reform, China Joining the
Capitalist Club, Consumer Market, Urbanization, Retail Sales, Social Groupings, Rise of the
Chinese Consumers, Consumption Patterns, Major Trends, Consumer Goods Ownership data,
Latest Consumer Trends, Advertising, Market Research, Retail and Wholesale, Management
Consulting, Market Entry Strategies, Hewitt Packard, Haier, Hainan Airline, Electrolux
Textbook:
 Zhou Linong,, China Business- Environment, Momentum, Strategies, Prospect, Prentice
Hall, Prentice Hall, Pearson Education south Asia Pte Ltd, 2006 (Chapters 7, 11, 17)
Reference/Reading:
 Roll, Martin, Asian Brand Strategy, Palgrave Macmillan, 2006
 Sull, Donald N, Made in China, What Western Managers Can Learn from Trail-brazing
Chinese Entrepreneurs, Harvard Business School Press, 2005
 Doctoroff, Tom, Billions – Selling to the New Chinese Consumer, Palgrave Macmillan,
2005
(6) Understanding how to do business in China
Confucius Relationships, Hierarchy of Closeness, Culture, guanxi and Personal Rapport,
Sincerity, Trust, Holistic View in Negotiations and Contract Fulfilment, Respect for
Authority, Age & Face, Harmony and the Golden Mean, Still Water, Tall Trees, Holy Dragon
and Smart Rabbits, The Art of Opposites, Body Language and Context, The Art of
Negotiation, Ownership, Family Business, Hybrid Ownership and Hidden Stakeholders.
From JV to WFOE, Local Knowledge, guanxi and Supply Chains, National Champions,
Dragons and Little Dragons, IPR, Quick Profits
Textbook:
 Zhou Linong,, China Business- Environment, Momentum, Strategies, Prospect, Prentice
Hall, Prentice Hall, Pearson Education south Asia Pte Ltd, 2006 (Chapter 15)
Reference/Reading:
 Fernandaez, Juan Antonio & Liu, Shengjun, China CEO – A Case Guide for Business
Leaders in China, John Wiley and Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2007
WEEK 5
(7)Applying Sun Tzu, The Art of War – An Introduction
Analysis 計篇
Spirit, Time, Place, Command, Logistics. Victory is to know your opponent as much as you
should know yourself. McDonald’s, Toyota, Mengnui
Waging War 作戰篇
Victory demands speedy conclusion and appropriating the opponent’s resources in-situ
Northern Rock, Warren Buffet, Danone v Wahaha
Planning an Offensive 謀攻篇
To win without battles. The Weakest Link AFGA ,M & As
Positioning 形篇
First ensure that you cannot be defeated, that the odds for victory are on your side and don’t
wage any war whose victory is not within your grasp. Lenovo 联想 – how to build a global
brand
Momentum 勢篇
Concentrate on your opponent’s weakest point, capture a momentum favorable to yourself
but disadvantageous to your opponent. Selfringes, Jimmy Oliver, Bill Zanker with Donald
Trump
Inducing Weaknesses and Strengths 虛實篇
Seize the initiative to induce the opponent into circumstances of relative weakness. Aim to
dictate the opponent’s move. The essence of victory is like water flowing through obstacles in
a terrain. Nanjing Automobile’s purchase of MG Rover , Global Financial and Economic
Crisis
Armed Conflict 軍爭篇
A circuitous route can sometimes be more effective. Take advantage of the ebb and flow of
fighting spirits.Harvey Nichols, Kikkoman
Adaptability 九變篇
Don’t follow the book all the time. There are passages it’s best not to cross, enemies it’s best
not to attack, cities it’s best not to take, areas where it’s best not to compete, and orders it’s
best not to obey. Do not hope that your enemy will not attack, but create circumstances where
your enemy will become unable to attack. Betty’s Café Tea Rooms in Yorkshire v Patisserie
Valerie
On the March 行軍篇
Avoid a swampy or treacherous terrain. See through the opponent. Read between the lines.
Danone & Wahaha
Terrain 地形篇
The outcome of war is determined by mastery of the terrain and comparative interplay of
strengths and weaknesses. CocaCola and PepsiCola
Nine Areas of Battle Psychology 九地篇
To overcome a superior force, attack its most unprepared and its most critical. In extremis,
burning the boat stiffens the morale. Colonel Sanders KFC, Walt Disney
Attacking with Fire 火攻篇
Choosing the right timing is essential for a fair wind. Nothing is more dangerous than
capturing a city without being able to hold on to the gain. Hostile Take-overs
Espionage 用間篇
Mastery of critical information and intelligence is crucial. Commercial espionage, IPR v
Innovation
Reference/Reading:
 Kaufman, Stephen E, Sun Tzu, The Art of War, the definitive interpretation, Tuttle
Publishing, 1996
 Krause, Donald G, The Art of War for Executives, The Berkley Publishing Group, 1995
 Gagliardi, Gary, Sun Tzu’s The Art of War plus The Art of Starting a Business,
Clearbridge Publishing, 1999
 Michaelson, Gerald A & Steven W, Sun Tzu Strategies for Selling, McGraw-Hill, 2004
 Goldenberg, David I ,The Art of War 3: Cannons of Commerce, 1st Books Library, 2002
 Wing, R. L., The Art of Strategy – A New Translation, Broadway Books,2000
(8) Global Financial and Economic Crisis: Responses, Risks and Opportunities
A thorough understanding of the causes, impact, consequences of and China’s responses to
the global financial and economic crisis as well as the resulting business risks and
opportunities
Reference/Reading:
 Rajan, Raghuram G, Fault Lines, How Hidden Fractures Still Threaten the World
Economy, Princeton University Press, 2010
 Krugman, Paul, The Return of Depression Economics and the Crisis of 2008, Allen Lane,
December 2008
 Financial World, Grumpy Old Bankers: Wisdom from Crises Past, Centre for the Study of
Financial Innovation (CSFI), March 2009
 China and the Global Financial and Economic Crisis: Risks, Responses and
Opportunities – a powerpoint presentation at an Open Forum of the Sun Yat-sen
University Business School, China on 22 May, 2009 at
http://www.andrewleunginternationalconsultants.com/chinawatch/2009/05/china-and-theglobal-financial-and-ecoomiccrisis-risks-responses-and-opportunities.html
 The China Dimension of the Global Credit Crunch – a peer-reviewed Paper presented at
an international conference at Fudan University in April, 2009 at
http://www.andrewleunginternationalconsultants.com/publications/2009/03/the-chinadimension-of-the- global-creditcrunch.html
(9) China’s quiet Green Revolution and economic and industrial sustainability
Reference/Reading:
 CHINA HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2009/10, April, 2010 - commissioned by
UNDP China and coordinated by Renmin University of China at
http://www.andrewleunginternationalconsultants.com/files/renmin-university-undp--china---towards-a-low-carbon-economy-2009-10.pdf
 Age of Scarcity – China at the Doorstep to a Low-Carbon Future, a research note at
http://www.andrewleunginternationalconsultants.com/files/age-of-scarcity---china-at-thedoorstep-to-survival-in-a-low-carbon-future-2.pdf
 China’s Sustainable Industrial Development, Fudan University Conference, April 2009
(Paper and power-point presentation) at
http://www.andrewleunginternationalconsultants.com/publications
 China’s Green Revolution, a power-point presentation at Windsor Castle, United
Kingdom, March 2009 at
http://www.andrewleunginternationalconsultants.com/publications/2009/03/chinas-greenrevolution.html
(10) China’s Renaissance in the 21st century
Understanding the Mega-trends transforming China and the world in the coming decades
Reference/Reading:
 Magnus, George, Uprising – Will Emerging Markets Shape or Shake the World Economy?
, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2011
 A Changing China Beyond the Global Financial and Economic Crisis – a presentation at
the Istanbul Forum, Turkey, May 2009 at
http://www.andrewleunginternationalconsultants.com/chinawatch/
 Eisenman, Joshua, et al., China and the Developing World: Beijing’s Strategy for the 21st
Century, M.E. Sharpe, 2007
WEEK 6
Special Presentation: How China is Perceived by the World and How such Perceptions may
be Improved - a presentation on Western Representation of China at the International
Communication Association Conference 2011 in Boston, Massachusetts on 27 May, 2011
http://www.andrewleunginternationalconsultants.com/files/boston-ica-conference---westernrepresentation-of-china.pdf
Reference/Reading : Assmann, H.D., Chan, Th.M.H, & Filseck, K Moser v, (eds.),
Perceptions and Images of China, Nomos, 2008
Special presentation: Age of Scarcity – China at the Doorstep to a Low-Carbon Future, A
Keynote Speech to be given at the Low-Carbon Earth Summit in Dalian, China in October
2011
Visiting Professor 客座教授
Andrew K.P.Leung, SBS, FRSA
梁建邦
香港银紫荆勋衔, 英国皇家人文工商学院荣授院士
International and Independent China Specialist 国际中国顾问
Email: [email protected]
Positions
Chairman and CEO, Andrew Leung International Consultants Limited (Founded in London)
Gerson Lehrman Group (Global Experts) Council Member
International Expert, Reuters Insight Community of Experts, Thompson Reuters
Brain Trust Member, The Evian Group (global think-tank), Lausanne, Switzerland
China Futures Fellow, Berkshire Publishing Group, Massachusettes, USA
Distinguished Contributor, Asymmetric Threats Contingency Alliance (ATCA) (global thinktank)
Elected Member, Royal Society for Asian Affairs
Senior Consultant, MEC International
Global Commercial Agent, Changsha City, China
Visiting Professor, London Metropolitan University Business School
Visiting Professor, Sun Yat-sen University Business School, China (2005-10)
(The following until 19 May 2010, on permanent relocation back to Hong Kong)
Founding Chairman, China Group, Institute of Directors City Branch, London, UK
Vice Chairman, 48 Group Club, UK
China Group Leader, Elected Fellow on Executive Committee of Royal Society for the
Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (RSA), London Region
Governing Council Member, King’s College London, UK
Advisory Board Member, China Policy Institute, Nottingham University, UK
Included in UK's Who's Who since 2002
Awarded the Silver Bauhinia Star (SBS) in the July 2005 Hong Kong Honours List
梁建邦国际顾问公司主席 (伦敦创立现时香港注册)
格尔森雷曼集团全球专家理事会成员
汤姆森路透集团投资咨询机构国际专家团专家
瑞士洛桑环球智库 Evian Group 智嚢团成员
美国麻省宝库山出版集团特邀中国未来学专家
环球智库ATCA特邀成员
英国皇家亚洲学会当选会员
中东国际顾问公司 (MEC) 高级顾问
中国长沙市商务局全球商务代埋
英国伦敦城市大学商学院客座教授
中国中山大学商学院客座教授 (2005-10)
(下列直到 2010年5月19日永久搬迁回香港)
英国董事商会伦敦金融城分会中国组创组主席
英国48家集团会副主席
英国皇家人文工商学院伦敦区中国组召集人
英国伦敦英皇大学董事
英国诺丁咸大学中国政策研究中心董事
2002开始获纳入英国全国 Who’s Who 名人录
2005年获香港特别行政区政府荣授银紫荆勋衔
Andrew is a prominent international China specialist with 40 years of experience in many
senior government positions in Hong Kong, including commerce, industry, banking, finance
and overseas diplomatic representation. He oversaw the migration and transformation of
Hong Kong's industries into the Pearl River Delta, now the Factory of the World. During a
mid-career sabbatical, Andrew helped set up Standard Chartered Asia Ltd, the bank's first
merchant banking subsidiary in Hong Kong. He was twice sponsored by the U.S.
Government for month-long visits across the US, including a month-long visit in 1990 to
brief Chairmen and CEOs of Fortune 50 multinationals on China beyond Tiananmen Square.
In London, he was invited to brief the Duke of York and a former Lord Mayor of London
prior to their respective maiden official visits to China.
Andrew's last position was Hong Kong’s chief official representative for the United Kingdom
and 14 EU and non-EU countries, including Russia, Switzerland and Norway. He is now
Chairman of Andrew Leung International Consultants Limited, which was first established
and based in London. Since Andrew's permanent relocation back to Hong Kong on 19 May
2010, the company has now been re-incorporated in Hong Kong
Andrew has spoken on numerous business and international forums on China and has
provided high-level China briefings to many companies, corporations and government
authorities. These include Baring Asset Management; Cazenove; F & C; Merrill Lynch;
Royal Bank of Scotland; HSBC;The Economist; Chatham House; the Institute of Economic
Affairs; the Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies (RUSI);The
Evian Group, Switzerland; the Royal Society for Asian Affairs; the Commonwealth Business
Council; Wilton Park; Asia House; the Chairman's Club; the D-Group; the East Asia
Institute, Peterhouse College, Cambridge University; the Asian Studies Centre, St Anthony's
College, Oxford University; Oxford Analytica; London School of Economics; the School of
Oriental and African Studies; Warwick University; Reading University; Lancaster
University; University College Dublin; Open University; McCombs School of Business,
University of Texas at Austin; the China Economic Association (Europe) and Fudan
University, China.
Andrew is a regular Sponsored Speaker at many international conferences across the world
including an Economist China Conference at the German Foreign Affairs Institute in Berlin,
the World Money Show and the World Hi-Tech Forum in London, the East West Institute in
Brussels, the Forum Istanbul, Turkey, the Aljazeera Forum in Doha, Qatar, and an African
Banking and Financial Institutions Seminar in Accra, Ghana.
Andrew appears regularly on live TV interviews on China with 'BBC (including BBC World,
Newsnight, BBC New York and an appearance at Breakfast With Frost), CNBC Europe,
Bloomberg, Sky, CNN, NBC, Aljazeera (English Channel), PressTV, Russia Today (RT),
and Times of India (TV). His speaking profile can be found on CNBC (Executive Vision) at
http://www.cnbc.com/id/39747269, City Speakers International at
http://www.cityspeakersinternational.co.uk/speakers/speaker_andrew_leung.php and China
Speakers Bureau at http://www.china-speakers-bureau.com/profiles/1405379.html
Many of Andrew's internationally published articles, commentaries, presentations, and
interviews can be accessed on his website www.andrewleunginternationalconsultants.com
Andrew provided advisory consultancy to McCreight and Company Inc, USA, a leading
international corporate strategy implementation firm, on Lenovo’s cultural integration with
IBM. He was Editor-at-large for MEC International for a substantial international
consultancy on China's energies, including geopolitical, economic, security, financial and
climate change implications. He made a presentation on this at a Windsor Energy Group
international conference at St George's House, Windsor Castle, to an audience of leading
energy experts including senior corporate executives, academics, and the Executive Director
of the International Energy Agency.
Andrew is a a Gerson Lehrman Group (global experts) Council Member and is a registered
Reuters Insight expert with Thomas Reuters for services worldwide.
Andrew is elected as a Member of the Royal Society for Asian Affairs. He is on the Brain
Trust of The Evian Group, a think-tank founded at the IMD, Lausanne, Switzerland. He has
been appoined as a BAO China Futures Fellow (one of the firsts) by the Berkshire Publishing
Group, Massachusettes, USA. He is also a Distinguished Contributor on China with the
Asymmetric Threats Contingency Alliance (ATCA), an influential global think-tank.
Until his permanent relocation back to Hong Kong on 19 May, 2010, Andrew was a Vice
Chairman of the China-influential 48 Group Club of the United Kingdom with historical links
with the Chinese leadership. He was the Founding Chairman of the China Interest Group of
the UK’s Institute of Directors City Branch. He led a China Group of the Royal Society for
the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (RSA) London Region, as a Fellow
elected to its Executive Committee. He sat on the Governing Council of King's College
London and on the Advisory Board of the China Policy Institute at Nottingham University.
Andrew was a Visiting Professor with the Sun Yat-sen University Business School in China
(2005-10) and remains a Visiting Professor with the London Metropolitan University
Business School. He is also an officially appointed Global Commercial Agent for Changsha
City, China.
Andrew has graduate qualifications from the University of London, postgraduate
qualifications from Cambridge University, PMD from the Harvard Business School, and
Solicitors’ qualifying examination certificate from the Law Society, London.
Andrew has been included in UK’s Who’s Who since 2002. He was awarded the Silver
Bauhinia Star (SBS) in the July 2005 Hong Kong Honours List.
Andrew speaks Cantonese and Putonghua, writes Chinese calligraphy, and paints classical
Chinese paintings. His other hobbies include tennis, swimming, jogging, travelling, singing,
reading and appreciation of fine foods, wines and arts.
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