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K
How
TO
"~^
/ftu
Make Pictures:
EASY
LESSONS
THE
FOB
AMATEUR
PHOTOGRAPHER.
BY
HENRY
CLAY
PRICE.
COPYRIGHT,
1882,
BY
SCO
VILL
"
"
'
"
1
""
*-
c'
'
.
.
""
"
"
V
t
MANUFACTURING
COMPANY.
PREFACE.
In
the
of
space
has
been
are
be
to
This
desire
for
would
hard
be
the
where
to
of
the
art,
are
a
The
devotees
bankers,
canoeists
yachtsmen,
they
of
awakening
microscopists,
of
the
the
to
photography.
youth,
say
love
due
scientists,
among
ladies,
be
must
amateur
found
the
book
this
of
edition
a
demanded.
popular
great
second
weeks
eight
chants,
mer-
fact
in
it
;
not,
and
and
adherents,
mcrease
it
is
because
of
a
the
great
success
^
which
has
congratulation.
attended
their
efforts,
that
the
author
finds
for
cause
'There
woods,
pathless
the
in
pleasure
is
a
There
is
There
is
on
a
intrudes.
where
society
none
and
deep
the
By
shore,
lonely
the
rapture
in
music
its
roar;
sea,
I
not
From
these
From
all
but
less,
the
love
nature
more.
man
steal
I
which
in
interviews,
our
or
may
To
the
with
mingle
before,
been
have
be,
I
feel
and
universe,
all
What
ne'er
I
can
express,
yet
cannot
conceal."
CHAPTER.
INTRODUCTORY
Seems
"
?
when
i)ictiires
the
From
seem.
This
is,"
nay
"
they
dim
has
likenesses, portraits
perfectly reproduced
indicated
and
The
latest
of
prepared
with
distinguish
l)ath
silver
Gelatine
outdoor
and
them
and
great
used.
the
To
from
plates
scenes,
now
such
as
Yessels
discovered
by
of
real
un-
speak through
face,
and
the
ment
senti-
are
the
ties
beau-
too,
the
is
art
due
gelatine film.
a
called
are
which
This
must
plates
dry plates,"
"
through
pass
the
edge
knowlof
introduction
the
in
to
the
wet.
in
general
for
use
landscapes, houses,
which
with
in
full
under
trains
even
gelatine film,
as
the
amateur
manipulations,
in
These
while
recommendation
the
of
plates
are
they
taking pictures
of
groups
of
people,
subjects.
rapidity
and
advance
coating.
l)e used
all animated
The
rapid
a
did
mirrored.
nature
practically applied
such
which
the
of
scopic
stereo-
Instead
art.
an
Marvelously,
pose.
most
image
made
be
now
tlie sensitiveness
been
be
to
to
realistic
so
faint
expression
the
of
and
has
by
by
fflories
discovery
to
can
made,
the
risen
paid
compliment
first
were
outline,
Daguerre, photography
the
the
was
was
wherever
favor
their
sail, horses
full
under
though
dark
tent, with
forbidding.
have
motion
It
is
were
its
no
is
these
speeding
headway,
all
made
be
can
exposure
an
longer
a
course,
race-
depicted
instantly
hidden,
very
j)latesare
around
been
a
pended.
sus-
mysterious
necessary
for
6
him
of
INTEODtrCTION.
be
to
the
old
were
fingers,
camera,
can
encumbered
with
it.
The
poisonouschemicals
soiled the dress and stained the
process, which
odious.
These, and the dusty,burdensome
be
put with
the relics of the "deacon's
one-hoss
shay."
An
of a tripod,
lens,and camera, dry
equipment consisting
be carried by the
platesand holders,are all that need now
view taker,
weighingso littleas not to be counted burdensome
amateur
to any one.
photographyhas been given
Naturally,
a wonderful
impetusby these improvements,which make it a
pleasantaccomplishment
; and its scope and mission are well
worthy of consideration.
with a camera
As a recreation,
and the
practice
compare
search for good picturesubjects
to archery,
nis,
rowing,lawn tentivating
and other sports. Is it not as pleasant,
and culprofitable,
? To saunter
throughgreen fields or by the river side
with the eye alert for picturesque
is
to select what
panoramas,
ing,
ever
worthy to be producedand treasured,
comparing,criticisand admiring,
will be found to be no mean
and
diversion,
will educate
any
one
to look with
for the beautiful in nature.
and
there will not
The
be
keener
eye and greaterzest
arating,
exercise I commend
is exhil-
the
dangerfrom over-exertion
in some
to be found
sports. Besides the givingof health,
adventures sure
there are studies made, perhapsunconsciously,
to be met
with,and the results of the sport to bring home.
Our
of as great beautyas any other,
country presents scenes
that all can
offer. Torrid,temperate, or
with the diversity
all are
There is
and mountains
ours.
hills,
frigid
; plains,
scope enough for the amateur.
has already
the camera
As an aid to the work of the artist,
national fame
scape
landwho have won
been promoted by some
as
of the "old
painters.Do they disdain the methods
This is a time
in their art ? Not
masters
by any means.
vation
for progression,
and art will not sulk and frown upon an innothat helpsout in its tasks and givesa standard to judge
and shading.
of outline,
the correctness
perspective,
of pictures
in adding to the number
artist
The camera,
an
can
produce,will not detract from the merit of the produc"
"
i
INTRODUCTION.
The
tions.
poses for him
in his ideal. The
glorified
artist'smodel
as
liness
pattern of love-
a
lines of
beauty are
the study be repeated.
times must
lesson of a day: many
not
a
disdain all helps; and
that can
Rare is the memory
to the artist a portfolio,
therefore I commend
containingnot
alone crude sketches with colors faultily
limned,but also with
mated
such as landscapes,
groups of aniproductions,
photographic
ing
marine
views,as the fancyinclines. Combinobjects,
of these finished suggestions,
relaxation with the gathering
to be
for
work
a
whole
in the studio could in
season
short time be
a
"
obtained.
At
the time
views
of
and when
outfit,
photographic
satchel packedwith reminders
to
transferred
be
of
student
to
art find
he
of
a
gleaning
portable
with
it will be
returns
of
luxuriance
tropical
If the novice
canvas.
and
it hard to delineate nature, or
let them be wise and
real,
made
by the servitor camera.
their fancies
with those
his easel
took with
He
Amazon.
alongthe
and
artist is journeying
an
writing,
a
dure
ver-
fled
the bafto make
their pictures
compare
By its use copiesof
and brought
of the old world can be made
paintings
to be companionsof the studio.
home
of objectdrawing could well be supplemented
The teaching
by days in the field with this docile instniment, and as the
result botanical specimenswould receive better representation
who
are
There
are
on
many
appreciation.
paper, and more
of art : artists they would
connoisseurs
be,but cannot, as not
the
to them
the pencilwill do their bidding. Commend
even
what
which will treasure
they longed to be able to
camera,
the
rare
represent.
is the
Poor
with
mementoes
prove what
What
traveler in
for himself
more
and
fitting,
efforts and
is noticeable in the
what
power of
of the young
!
those
keep the
No
the memory
of home
to the adornment
Within
and
also to
and
he saw,
collection of views ?
laudable
foreignlands
In
can
who
he
docs not
return
loves,in part
scenes
alive in
tell the
to
ory.
mem-
story like
a
can
equalthem.
description
how
much
has been added
greaterpart this is duo
to the
designof the ladies. This improvement
dwellingsof nearlyall,whether of high
8
INTRODUCTION.
outfit can
be so
photographic
made by the gentler
carried about,and pictures
so
easily
readily
of aidingdecorative work
will be sure
to be
sex, this means
used by them.
Cheap printsand emde crayon work must be
views,
put away in garretsand be superseded
by photographed
in distant
made
of the old hillside homestead,pictures
scenes
reminders
of the summer
ful
or
countries,
holidays.Set in tasteframes adorningthe walls,or bound
between
covers, the
claim to ownershipwould
l)e a double one, that of creation
Oil paintingsof rare
merit would
not
be
and possession.
for both.
supplanted.There is room
Does
student want
for satisfying
a
pleasure? Let him try
researches
in the practical
of
the camera.
It will aid him
what
not?
and also
botany, entomology,mineralogy,and
for the better
prepare him, hj the stimulation of exercise,
of the specimens capstudy of each. By representations
tured,
low
or
Now
degree.
that
a
"
he
can
learned
more
thrown
The
away
results with his instructors,
or
men
compare
scholar's time will not
A
than himself.
be
if he in this
result of liis discoveries
them
in
a
has returned with
story or
in his books.
would
be
can
pictures
on
to
A
obstacles of
a
could
How
what
much
be transferred to
white screen,
to
give
the
others ; but how
he make
it
can
lecture ? It is a simple task if he
thus have
he
travel
to
of
pictures
bound
onlyhealth.
courts
manner
explorerovercomes
real to
"
These
may be
works
better Bayard Taylor's
seen.
illustrated them
magic lantern
holdingthe
the center
he has
keen
!
is
same
slides and thrown
attention of
of China
Or the
an
audience.
supplementing
his reportto the home
reproducedfrom his
secretaryby scenes
dailyexperienceamong the pagans, showing their wretched
heathen deities,
and the awakened
condition sei-ving
desire for
refinement
of livingas the result of the Gospel'smission.
a
will not tell as much
few of such
as
a
Pages of description
sake,the use of an
pictures.To the exile for Christianity's
amateur
viewingoutfit will be a welcome addition to the privileges
he enjoys.
find use for the camera
The farmer
the progto display
can
ress
of cultivation in his fields. It will not be an expensive
missionaryin
now
\f
INTRODUCTION.
and
luxury;
should
why
think he will find
his life be all work
greatersatisfaction
his toil longenough to
analyzethat
if he
and
I
play?
no
look up from
him
surrounds
and
which
can
his efforts.
rewards
Utilityis
in the
spiritof
the
times,and
our
friend,the
joinwith it. The practical
part it is destined
beginningto be foreseen.
playis now
To-daythe best magazinesand weeklies have this instrument
their
artist on the spot." Faithful and good illustrations
would
camera,
to
"
as
will be the result for the
will
productionsof imagination
for papers,
or
in mercantile
almost
pocketcamera
hide
some
in shame.
business,
may,
of the old
ents
Correspondat
times,find
a
givea finishto descriptions.
all topographical
records are now
modest friend has noiselessly
formed
per-
invaluable to
Government
suiweys
completebecause
more
which
future,beside
and
our
its part.
The
of the merchant
wares
manufacturer
or
can
henceforth
and price
cheaplyillustrated in catalogues
lists. In order not to be outdone,the example of some
of the
of these branches of industry
must
be
leadingrepresentatives
be better and
This
followed.
To
is not
regularduty
to
worker
more
chimerical/
midst
the
The
din
of
is
camera
toil
"
now
signed
as-
this silent
!
show
a
house,a
bit of real
or
horses,
estate,cattle,
a
pile
or
machinery; any new design
pieceof mechanism
of furniture,
hangings,carpets,or ten thousand other objects,
when
other methods
would
be
by a picturerepresentation,
is a happy subterfuge.
quiteexpensiveor unavailable,
with a neatlyan'angedcollection of exteriors
Architects,
the more
and interiors,
are
inspired.Their patrons would be
than theyusuextensive number
aided in selection by a more
ally
of detail in the
showing more
have,especially
by pictures
separatepartsthat make up dwellings.In the drawingup of
of
logs;
a
in those drawn
specifications,
up by any craft
or, in fact,
or
ample illustrations would make the language
profession,
with less verbiage.
used more
explicit
to ascertain
It is a wise rule adoptedby insurance companies,
the risk is to be
of the goods on which
not onlythe nature
their
10
INTEODUOTIOX.
assumed,
but
make
such
to
association
and
alistracts of
One
surroundings.
quick
pro2:)erty,
verify
to
camera
the
to
and
see
apply
conclusions
his
The
offered.
risks
hired
man
an
cerning
con-
appointed
and
appraise property for a savings bank
With
the trust deeds
followed
his example.
of real,
filed away
his representations
title are
to
out
sent
loan
securities.
speculativeand visionary,
not
recreation
That
nay,
it is
pleasure tlie
These
not
have
earliest
them,
will
as
a
the
outgrow
play
to
used
In
to
of
hurry
toil ?
respitefrom
is destined
camera
used
what
to
;
tate
agi-
youth.
rationale
the
sensible
a
language
they
purpose
be
Pictures
thought unuttered,
universal
the
given
are
some
capacities,
of.
dreamed
express
afford,should
its service
to its varied
thought
yet been
the
been
up
will
suggestionsof
many
of
current
nation
vigorously
is
pen
denied
part,
as
sesthetic.
an
as
the
country is not
in this
needed
more
preached for, and
shall be taken
What
well
is
fiubject. The
the
of
pocket
a
tlic
of
desirability
the
ao"ent
of
surveys
idea, adopted
of
that
also
of
the
can
serve,
theme
of
a
and
pen
what
most
they
How
lead
which
the
were
world.
and
of
to
the
may
symbols
have
ever
to
make
pleasure they
eloquent.
How
Make
TO
Pictures.
CHAPTER
I.
DESCRIPTION
It
has
leave
to
doubt
;
I
of
In
not
through
such
and
really
is
the
known
shall
for
chance
any
edge
knowl-
and
experience
other
or
will
be
such
me
to
be
to
the
use
I
chapters
nor
of
the
to
apparatus
and
many
all
parts
I
as
am
reliable
"
what
learned
having
of
good
a
and
not
to
I
equipment
is warranted
the
by experience
by
a
get what
ask
every
"
house
of
be
may
known
cheaper,
worthless.
various
made,
which
The
first
taste.
"
necessity,
veracity,
the
are
actual
due
these
at,
or
articles
taking j^ictures the
prints
In
mentioned
"
purchase
to
through
of
hence
use,
and
so.
amateur
the
line
instract
to
be
must
guessed
described
the
In
be
to
the
importance,
but
writer
photography,
amateur
venture,
here
selecting
standing
the
attained
been
nothing
with
perfectly
of
explicit language.
shall
familiar
of
beyond
but
outfit
an
lessons
but
simple
try
fortune
has
that
success
of
the
in
pupils
the
been
APPAKATUS.
OF
all
that
need
negative
of
stages
are
development,
mounted
operation
be
is first secured.
done
that
at
once.
of
and
producing
The
other
passes
then
card-board
upon
"
This
to
the
the
suit
tive
nega-
operations
12
now
are
The
TO
MAKE
PICTUKES.
to the pleasure
and convenience
subject
accompanyingillustration shows all that
carried
about, and
the
of the amateur.
is needed
comfort
to be
and
ease
with wliich it is done.
In
the
holders, the
and
camera
tripodtop,and
hiddev
mwe
to ths art.
compactlystowed
are
case
There
book.
note
that does
them
In
lens,
focusingcloth,
the other hand
tripod neatly folded
used in this shapeas
may
he
pertain
not
is
a
graspeda
which
be
may
ing
helperwhen climb-
up,
a
possiblyas a means
obtrusive dogs in wayside
steep ascents,or
of defense
from
orchards.
By
attitude of the
veterans, who
beloved
time
art.
been
sleepwith
A
If
Less than
that
with
now
seen
would
detained
Hendrick
Good
careless,
easy
by
a
year
twenty years'
Hudson's
ago
his old-
averi'ed that
be
Apparatus
a
the
figurejustshown, I present one of the old
toiled along,heavilyladen,to practice
his
luggage,it
he had
with
of contrast
way
it was
crew.
Outfit.
"
announced
good outfit,
every article of it
of a camera, with
warranted,consisting
accomjianyingdoul)le dry plateholder,
for making pictures
4x5
inches,a single
a
achromatic
in which
case
lens,a carrying
to stow away and transportthe camera,
would
plateholders and lens,and a tripod,
for
priceastonished every
althoughthe outfits of this kind
"
be sold
$10.00.
The
the
henceforth
use
one,
were
photographers
especially,
for
designedparticularly
of amateurs.
Think," said they,
"
of
serviceable lens alone
procuringa
for tliatsum,"
Worthless
toys have been offered for
a
which
trifle,
wOl
not
DESCKIPTION
take
a
; but
picture
OF
13
APPAKATUS.
all these lenses
guaranteed.Since
are
the
I have seen,
cheap outfits,
in the busy cityof Waterbury,pileupon
pile
of lens tubes bearingthe name
"Waterbury"
of them nickel-plated
and
one
as a brand,every
broughtinto use and
perfectin finish. When
tested by experts,these lenses have proved to
of somethingmore
than beauty.
be possessed
introduction
of the
Waterburylenses has ever been
short of what
sent back to the maker
as falling
it is guaranteed
to do, and therefore I givethis
mention.
part of the outfit particular
when one has discovered the object
Naturally,
that he is desirous of phoor chosen the scene
tographing,
the caiTyingcase
is set down, and
then follows the undoing and setting
ujd of the
is to be placedand
tripodon which the camera
fastened. Figure1 representsthe top and one
of the three legsof a common
tripod.First,
Not
one
of the
the part D
brass band
of each
T' will
is undoubled
allow,and
the
two
the
legis turned,
and rigid.
straight
on
makes
Fig. 1.
the
as
button
which
The
far
as
it
of the
upper
forming a leg have
outer
side which
in the
E
ears
tripodtop ;
loose end
holes
slide
on
to the
brace B
piece C
the
oppositestick,
like
When
as
Fie.o
the
catch them
set up
shown
the
leg face
in
Figure
3
the
on
two
held
out.
put up the other
manner
and
legs,
have
to
on
pins
into the
piecesare sprung apart and
to the pins.
Remember
the
on
E^ belongingto the
and by pusliing
the
of the
slot in the
three sticks
to
the
on
brass
In
two
top.
tripodwill appear
figure2.
shows
a
camera
and
14
HOW
lens. When
tripodtop,pass
screw
A
camera.
use
few
the
frame,and
PICTURES.
Take
it
of the
turns
if the
the
will bind
screw
hook
lens is in the
body
or
"
the
out
for
"
is white
wood, and
else in imitation of
it into
screw
like the
viz.
sizes,
camera
one
shown
present made
in
in two
4x5
takingpictures
inches in dimensions.
5x8
The
fast
camera
at F.
at
and
and
"
3 are
figure
Fig. 3.
the
the front of the
on
flange
Cameras
In
the
on
of the camera,
take it
of the carryingcase
if
there
shown
as
or
camera
B^ holdingthe ground-glass
stowed
black
the
off,set
pictured
up throughthe hole in the tripod
it into the brass plateon the under side of the
out
constructed
TI is kept,as
tripodscrew
screw
tripod. Release
to the
the
into the bed.
here,screwed
top, and
in
not
MAKE
TO
material
of which
the exteriors
they are
stained either
are
mahogany.
able.
are
neat, good and serviceevery respect these cameras
So it is with the rest of the outfit. The juryat the
American
Institute
examined
them
in connection
with
the
of excellence covers
and their award
showy apparatus,
both grades. (Extractfrom the judge's
report at the Institute
concerningthe apparatusjustdescribed : Nothing superior
he found anyivhere. For the attention given to
to it can
in
to the young, especially
outfits
for amateurs^ their benefit
more
'"'"
art studies and a better appreciation
ofencouraging
beauties;for this,as well as the whole
of natures
medal
be
that a
recommend
we
of stiperiority
exhibit,
awarded,'"'
etc.,etc.)
Many an amateur makes a beginningwith one of the cheap
and, having achieved success, chooses somethingfiner
outfits,
and higherpriced.
the direction
Some
there
awakened
of
who
have
but
little time for
than
expend more
photographyis a luringart,and
they will
amateur
are
not
care
to
for the gems
of the
camera
a
small
the
maker's
and
recreation,
; but
sum
desire is easily
skill.
prideconcerningthe equipment used,and
A
ing
feel-
emulation
DESCRIPTION
similar to
finished
that which
is
yachts,
has
or
culture,
leisure,
led to the construction
be
to
sure
15
APPARATUS.
OF
wealth.
aroused
Such
the
among
tastes and
of
superbly
patrons of
fancies may
be
gratified.
Description
of
the
Finest
Apparatus,
The
"
maxim, alwaysget the best,certainly
appliesto cameras.
the outset they cost more, but less in the end, because
wise
At
the best
satisfies.
Spanishmahogany,
their constniction.
in French
finished
This wood
is chosen
is
polish,
it wears
as
because
chiefly
it will resist the effects of moisture
any other.
camera
to
A
be
dampness,cannot
climate
moist
do
another.
to
that has
work
The
its movements
seams
in
a
of
longerthan
resistance
passingfrom
common
become
in
well,and
of
projDerty
while
made
camera
well ; while
contracts, and
the
depended upon
and
regionswells,
not
not
used
wood
one
in
a
and
clogged,
country the wood
dry,warm
throughwhich lightpenetrates,
on
a gelatine
plate. The result is
which will be duly
a term
fogging,"
open,
effect
working its baneful
what is commonly called
"
defined.
I will suppose the amateur
to have purchased
a superbfirst
and feel sure
that he will not he disappointed
in
outfit,
quality
it.
The
board
formingpart
camera
that
of the
has
providedwith
a
front
be moved
can
the amount
One
of it is
two
up or down, for the purpose of regulating
of sky and foreground
taken in the picture.
front boards
lens screwed
buttoningon
the
to
the 5x8
size
flangeon its face,which
combination
is used when
the full size of the ground
a picture
is desired.
This front may be shifted by a lateral movement,
glass
which is of service when the box is clamped by its side
and an
to the tripod,
uprightpictureis to be made, as of
church sj)ires
tall towers.
or
The second front board has on its finished side two flanges,
to be brought
upon which are screwed a pairof matched lenses,
into use when stereoscopic
taken ; a diaphragmor
are
pictures
of equal size will be
divider is set up so that two pictures
made on a 5 x 8 gelatine
plate.
camera
a
to
16
HOW
A
feature
made
of
tilt out
to
the
best
from
PICTURES.
MAKE
TO
the
is that
cameras
backs
are
by figure4,
in photographic
This is known
swing back."
parlanceas a
the
top,
shown
as
"
Tlie set
is turned
screw
the brass
upon
the
to
camera
down
guideon top of
cline
regulatethe in-
of the back.
Stillanother
worthy of notice is,
that the ground glassframe is
that,instead of takingit off when the
feature
Fi**'^-
hingedat the bottom,so
plateholder is in use, the
the frame
down
is swung
catch at the
toj^is drawn
to the bed
on
and
aside,
of the camera,
as
trated
illus-
5.
by figure
Hinges are also put
over
againstthe back
when
camera
the
on
bed, allowingit to
be
doubled
the
of
the latter is to
be
j^acked. In focusingthe brass
guideson the bed keep the back
and front of the camera
parallel
to each
drawn
the
cam
j)atent
cameras
for
other ; when
the back is
of
out far enough,a turn
as
fastens it.
I have
justdescribed
plates
4x5, 5x8,
Neat
and
and
Fig, 5.
Such
are
in three
sizes,
viz,,
6^ x 8^ inches.
canvas-covered
durable
made
with
satchels,
telescopic
carried the
the finest outfits. In them
are
accompany
ing
lens or lenses,
dry plateholders,focusingcloth,focuscamera,
and tripodtop.
glass,
covers,
carrying
cases, but a
shoulder strap can
be fastened to them, and theymay be carried
after the fashion set by Engat the side of the amateur
lish
of these canvas
4 x 5
tourists. One
a
cases, containing
and one
double
camera
holder,is eightinches long,the same
The
height,and five and one-half inches broad.
weight
of all is but three and one-half pounds. A 5 x 8 camera,
double holder,and canvas
weigh five and threecase, together
measures
eight and one-half
quarter pounds, and the case
Leather
handles
are
attached
to
these
18
TO
HOW
MAKE
PICTURES.
stripof brass,about
the diameter
three times
of the lens in
length,
and wide
enoughto prevent light
passingthroughthe tube.
The
piece of brass A has a
square
about
hole
in
cut
its center,
equal to the diameter of
the largest
aperture of the tube,
leavinga plainsurface both above
and
below
the
hole, the
lower
off the light
fore
beportionshutting
and the upper after
exposing,
exposure.
In the barrel
cut
behind
(just
both
on
or
tube C
the
a
stopopening),
underneath
top and
slot is
the
throughthis slot the above
described drop will readily
fall,
tirely
beingpreventedfrom passingenthroughby a small knob F"
tube ;
Fia.
On
side of the tul)e
the under
the upper end.
button Z" is placed,
by which,
placedat
7.
a
drop is held in position
(thebottom of drop resting
the lower porthe same),
on
tion
of the drop stopping
off the light; the part
the
with
and
tube.
the
the
square
blank
upper
hole,
portion,
the
above
projecting
When
is thrown
this button
to
one
the
side,
and it will
drop is released,
naturallyfall by gravitation,
and
an
exposure
the time
to
equal
would
take
curs
oc-
it
the
the hole in the
lengthof
dropto pass
Fro
8.
DE8CKIPTION
19
APPARATUS.
OF
opening in the lens. The upper portionof the drop
shuts off the light.If the exposure is requiredto be
falling
still more
rapid,a rubber band E, placedaround the tube and
F on
the knob
stretched up and over
top of the drop,or a
weight attached to the eye at the bottom of the drop will
the
accelerate its action
and
shorten
If you wish
this lens will meet
lettering,
the exposure.
or
painting,
engraving,
the requirements.
the use
of the
and stereo work I recommend
For landscape
shown by figview lenses,
make
of the wide-angle
American
ure
and
favorite lenses are
These
9.
achromatic,
perfectly
rectilinear / they embrace
an
absolutely
hundred
degrees,
angle of fullyone
and are the most
rapidwide-anglelenses
to copy
a
made.
phragms,
diawith revolving
supplied
the openings of which
are
fig. o.
^yhere
lenses,
adaptedto the focal lengthof their respective
the full aperture may
be
only a limited field is required,
nition
used,while with the stops of smaller diameter perfectdefithe margin of the plate. In selecting
is obtained
to
the shorter focused
lenses
lenses of this description,
are
adapted for street and other views in confined
especially
They
are
situations.
For
found
generalpurposes
most
to take
a
pairof
useful to the amateur, and
stereoscopic
pictures.To
of these
five inch back
view
focus will be
so if he
especially
aid amateurs
intends
in the selection
I append the following
table,
lenses,
showing
"svith a
heightof image producedon the focusingglass,
feet high,at a distance of
few sizes,
by an objecttwenty-five
feet.
fifty
the
CHAPTER
FILLING
Before
filled
be
will
with
if
hence,
to
starting
be
secure
As
is
should
is
than
done
for
the
develop
he
case
that
this
operation
The
of
with
either
should
be
closed
the
satisfied ;
both
as
!
great
done
will
not
admitted
ruby
length
plates, or
himself
before
of
vihite
placed
light
in
the
and
believe
the
stuff
the
chinks
stop
out
not
be
may
glass,
or
the
holders
than
ruby
leaving
an
amateur
time,
and
his
ruby
the
your
is gone
has,
while
whicli
to
In
this
a
number
of
in
which
holders.
room
afterward
or
light.
must
be
film
barred
the
to
the
plates.
l)y light shining through
paper
over
white
glass;
rest
neath,
under-
but
the
there
out, and
welcome
on
not
through
outside,
faithfully attended
darkness,
do
dark,
Look
liave
you
Overhead,
crannies.
the
developed,
After
be
to
room
reporter
a
sensitive
without
from
white
black
securing
from
fillingthe
italicised.
and
inquisitor who
injure
holders.
starting with
holder,
door
of
the
gelatine jjlates.
and
an
govern
in
sufiiciently
refill
to
ennjjhasized
there
of
room
a
must
before
that
occurs
it
thinks
all other
mind
and
return,
amateur
plates into
of
must
two,
the
the
where
in
frequently
effectually. Having
duty
fact
this
darkening
everywhere,
keyhole
closet
or
considerable
exclusion
plates are
room
provide
filled
holders
If
liolders
hold
before
holder.
sensitive
It
them
taken
be
putting
exposed
must
of
in
a
a
chance
no
away,
Some
picture imj^ressions,he
bear
supplies.
single
two
in
excluded,
home
from
pictures, the plate
to
are
a
HOLDKRS.
PLATK
take
to
fill but
essential
be
of
base
to
accordingly
it
light
out
views
two
more
himself
THK
gelatine plates.
but
best
II.
but
it
the
can
is
l)e
tive
impera-
light which
This
a
can
pane
the
more
be
of
FILLIXO
21
HOLDERS.
preferable
lightis that which is diffused from
for this purpose
ruby lanterns designedespecially
(seefigure
10),and I will suppose you are
providedwith one.*
and
common
of the
one
PLATE
THE
Put
it and
lightin
a
i-ubyrays
close it up.
Only
forth.
Kow, take a
shot
are
cut
platesand carefully
packageof gelatine
in which
they
wrapper
away the original
Do
this
such
the
maker.
in
are
put up by
a
as
way
to leave the brand
of the box.
cover
box,lift out
off the
Take
the
or
label
the
lid
telescopic
undo
packageinside,
the other j^aper ^vrapj^er,and you have
with one
side sensitized,which
to the glassplates,
I-IG. 10.
come
packed with
Take
out
a
now
were
them.
between
tissue paper
the
on
shown
jjlate,
handlingit as
in
11,which
figure
is
sensitive surface very
proper way, and dust off its glossy
gently with a camel's-hair brush. Tliis is done to guard
the
of dust being
of any speck or particle
againstthe possibility
make
the presence of which M'ould eventually
its surface,
on
defect in the finished picture.
a spot or
It would
not
sides of the
If you
the
to
dust off both
plate.
ing
detect the surface hav-
cannot
the
hold
amiss
be
otherwise,
coatingof gelatine
the
and
plate between
you
will then
you
side has been coated.
niby lantern,and
which
careful
to
camel's-hair
perceive
Be
brush
away
from
Fig. 11.
the
keep everythingbut
the
surface
the
of
gelatine
plate.
holders,
hand,one of the double j)late
12, and pullout the slide 0, layingit to
by figure
A, pictured
of the outer grooves of the holder placea
side. In one
one
Take
*
than
up, with the left
dry plate lantern
Another
the
Without
one
here
question,
than
portabl";
has
illustrated,but
it is the best
the other.
one
just been
introduced,
with
far greater
made
for home
expensive
more
illuminating power.
purposes,
but
it is less
22
TO
HOW
PICTTJKES.
MAKE
its sensitive side
facingout. Figure13
representsthe end of a holder,and the shaded portiondepicts
of
while the dark lines denote the position
the sensitive plate,
the sensitive surface during the time it is goingto the scene
of action,when
it is exposed to white lightto receive the
to the placewhere
image,and while it returns trophy-laden
That is anticipating,
the victoryis to be commemorated.
just
with
gelatineplate,
as
the amateur
will be wont
to do.
l-HJ
hjii
Fig.
Take
an
12.
Fig.
13.
another
up
expert, and
handle it now
like
or
rather,
plate,
gelatine
place it in the remaining unfilled outside
Be sure
to have the sensitive side face
groove of the holder.
Insert the slide O in the central groove
outward.
of the
indicated
in
figure12,and push it clear in to the
stopper. If the springson this piececatch on the edgesof
the plates,
bring a slightpressure to bear on them with the
holder,as
and
thumb
permit the
stoppei-."
and
trouble
called
of
forefinger
"
the left
slide to
hand, which
be
forced
will
the
remove
in to its hilt
or
so-
figure12)^re pushed
of the slide C is to keep lightfrom
in also. The
purpose
passingthrough from one plateto the other duringthe time
the firstplateis going throughthe operation
commonly called
takingthe picture."Foggingis thus againavoided.
and each has its own
Back to back the platesare placed,
what
for seeingthe lightand treasuring
is
time appointed
in
Another
mission of the slide C is to keep the plates
seen.
When
all of the
its surface.
of the springs
focus by means
on
slides are pushed in as far as they were
designedto go, the
It should not onlybe
holder rh-^uld be absolutely
light-tight.
See if the slides B
"
B
(thusdenoted
in
FILLING
when
SO
the
it
of
than
But
to
of
a
the
will
Give
After
so
There
to
photographer
duplicated
in
prime
a
all
at
none
in
out
order
development,
B
slides
B
to
or
drawn
only
under
the
the
his
the
are
used
if
or,
It
each
study
of
figure
the
the
1.
figure
2.
holder
plate
Number
light.
1
plates
and
arch
time
put
to
physiognomy,
the
to
out
undone
the
there
sion,
seclu-
light.
!
Learn
that
light,
lantern
Away
bounds.
cover,
of
out
come
the
of
idiHe
enemy,
conquer.
horizon
of
replace
box,
is
several
choose,
so
you
their
sighing
upper
twice.
from
door
behold
the
see
card-board
what
sun.
to
the
have
you
gelatine
elsewhere.
study
when
the
on
stamped
position
same
if
observe
is
chance
a
plates
you
in
side
remaining
open
worlds
and
the
will
holder
plate
blessing
are
them,
the
the
throw
the
sjDoiled
them
away
a
so
have
there's
"
is
taken
be
for
ready
you
figures
2
the
put
great
only
and
its
in
these
be
rewrap
hide
plates
By
and
and
package,
Better
should
pin
number
filling
them,
C
or
holder
overdo
and
screw
about
use.
holder
good
worth.
holder,
holder.
Remember
in
A
and
so,
exposure.
the
Invert
the
in
an
is
slide
gelatine
ones
during
There
remain
to
liolder.
sterling
23
HOLDERS.
ought
it
of
the
the
fresh
side
cheap
recui',
remove
out
a
PLATE
one.
to
jjlace
Imt
outfit
an
poor
a
sold,
with
rub"
factor
is
THE
be
like
is
back
the
nothing
CHAPTER
III.
TAKING
With
the
this,by
shine
that
sure
the
the
Govern
legs
of
the
of
of
offset
which
The
its
There
as
to
binds
thumb
it to
lean
be
may
the
doing
to
from
in
this
be
If
is
the
camera
from
the
to
position.
the
far
again
fastened
sides
of
picture.
loosening
swung
cline
in-
camera
upright
will
so
by
When
a
the
the
sj^irit
you
just given,
rule
have
to
tion
posi-
true
downward
vertical
a
round
camera
ing
adjust-
or
the
when
the
side,
one
out
with
carry
or
not
swung
the
in
"
will
never
camera,
times
other.
tripod.
until
screw
sunlight
about
to
glass to
the
or
picture
camera.
are
command
the
glass frame
well
variation
ground
side
one
the
angle upward
a
the
the
determine
eye
size.
small
the
spreading
lower
to
be
horizon
camera
the
screw
enough,
turn
tightly
to
support.
From
of
out
the
carrying
focusing cloth,
the
gather
thrust
Do
The
which
on
when
it would
a
swing
ground
the
at
of
tlie
is level.
camera
your
emphasize
me
which
with
that
tripod, and
and
tripod
take
to
so
side
one
camera
pocket
the
either
the
the
pointed
plane
Let
at
the
camera,
vest
be
may
of
cannot
you
level
top of
which
selected
yourself accordingly
the
If
the
up
PICTURE.
from
be
or
rear,
set
you
"
should
way,
from
front
chosen
position
the
THE
the
it
tightly
it
its
at
other
some
or
the
over
top
the
Under
sides.
of
receptacle pull
the
hood
and
camera,
thus
formed
head.
your
not
throw
case
cover
object
enters
ground
the
of
lens
the
through
with
hood
the
glass,which
the
is to
lens
acts
cloth.
shut
out
r.r.d +hrows
like
a
light excepting
a
reversed
semi-transpare:'!t
that
picture
mirror.
26
HOW
sensitive
plateshould
get the best results
TO
MAKE
receive
PICTURES.
lightthroughthe
lens in order to
the film.
on
Suppose,for illustration,
your subjectto be a landscape,
made
and a pond
the atmosphere
up of sky, trees,houses,
and the sun
clear,
brightly
shining. The sky will be photothe film very quickly,
the pond not
on
grajDlied
quite as
the impression
of the brightcolored houses will follow
rapidly,
the darlc green foliage.
next, and lastly
"
You
and
have
in
stop of
a
these
use
lens of six inch
quarter inch opening. (Do
a
words,for
lens when
achromatic
an
you
will
or
ascertain
may
purchaseone.)
focus,
be alarmed
not
such
back
at
pointsabout
a
The
gelatine
platesin use we
will suppose to be what are called rapid,
hence you decide upon
fifteen seconds' exposure, as denoted by
Uncap
your watch.
the lens by a quickmovement, but do not jar the camera, and
the allotted time has passedrecap the lens,replace
as
soon
as
the watch
in your jjocket,
and push in the dark slide. Very
soon
an
you
amateur
can
learn to mark
oft'seconds
without
havinpf
verifythe count by a timekeeper.
A littlepractice
of countingoff the flight
of seconds,
when
there is nothing else to do, will enable you to become
expert.
Take out your j)encil
and note book, and make
the following
the befitting
record of observations :
as
to
Such
notations
in
the notes, and from
to be
exposure
again,the notes
others.
made
by men
photography. They
are
them
deduce
given
under
enable
them
So, amateur
friend,do
who
have
had
perience
ex-
make
frequentreference to
calculations of the lengthof
similar
to
not
circumstances.
compare
observations
forgetyour
Then,
with
book ; at
numbers
of the
note
least you will be driven to it to find out the
that have been exposed,
and to thus avoid
plates
again.
years of
using them
THE
TAKLNO
Tlie
plate holder
indeed
the
or
the
amateur
!
blue
and
a
dock
plate
number
be
the
on
calculate
how
The
the
to
the
long
sky casting
reflected
light, action
than
the
in
seconds'
the
on
note
its
two
of
hidden
you
the
the
the
of
story
anchor,
is
the
the
and
fact
must
and
about
figure
the
dark
lens
again,
giving
back
the
water
film
will
be
therefore
count
'Tis
well
''''''''''
carrying
era.
cam-
!
return
the
case.
Have
it
lay
^^q)
and
capture,
ten
upon
the
nearest
?
one
rapid
more
decide
slide
slide,and
the
treat!
a
substitute
to
inverted,
the
right
dark
trophies, to
start
be
dark
lens,
the
Replace
tell
book
and
and
with
off.
sensitive
the
Uncap
recap.
and
out
got hold
you
camera.
and
with
Draw
exposure.
Have
direct,
view,
to
at
This
uncapping
be
the
on
battle
view
boats
sea,
remember
should
cap
down
former
Also
Before
right.
marine
finish.
a
should
side.
if
give
picture impression,
a
holder
uppermost
facing
slides
it
arms,"
ground glass,recall
the
on
the
so
;
of
has
1
the
right focus,
place
"shoulder
fine
a
picture
the
form,
compact
and
and
case,
distant.
of
in
again
far
expanse
the
its most
tripod
broad
holder
used
the
is
give
carrying
carried
diversity,here
to
the
into
be
not
scene
secured
plate
folded
pitch
to
in
put
may
have
you
be
the
sky,
be
camera
of
way
small
When
not
be
expects
by
the
that
outiit
surrendering
Ah
the
now
and
tripod
another
2
whole
the
can
27
PICTUEE.
onds
sec-
holder,
your
it
where
took
place.
this
By
bear;"
little
certain
you
did
appetite
that
promptly
perchance
time
not
did
you
tliis
day
you
will
at
think
you
that
have
go
least.
home
are
hungry
luncheon
before
and
enough
would
starting,but
see
that
be
now
dinner
"eat
to
needed,
you
is
a
so
are
served
CHAPTEK
IV.
DEVELOPMENT
It
the
is
essential
not
shall
gelatine plate
week.
The
amateur
Dry plates have
home
the
or
Arctic
used
been
after
Africa
months
day
the
in
Regions
in
or
matter.
and
and
of
with
order
same
convenience
the
miles,
in
next
once,
his
in
have
They
thousand
six
over
at
suit
exposed
been
operation
follow
can
England.
in
the
that
PLATE.
THE
OK
oped
devel-
brought
travel, to
be
developed.
For
the
five-inch
set
of
chemicals,
say
a
acid
c.
p.,
of
also
are
plate
iron,
scales
accessories
neutral
probably
will
Into
stored.
oxalate
the
is
be
phuric
sul-
pound
one
and
soda,
shown
as
right
Fig.
of
15.
the
strike
please
hand
opened
holder
so
in
the
that
the
against the fingers of
from
the
dry
of
door
all white
stuffed
the
light
The
out.
by ruby light.
central
grasp
(slide
septum
which
holder,
a
the
with
left
hand
figure 15, and, holding
to
end,
on
go
C, figure 12)
latter
again
and
dry plates
taken
are
and
now
out
the
plates,the
shut,
can
Take
and
of
of
and,
;
ounce
one
potash,
room
or
barred, thrust,
xeance
down
weights
where
kept
exposed
is
room
end
accessories
glass graduate,
hyposulphite
closet
this
containing
holders
other
and
potassium,
pound
one
four-ounce
one
bromide
list of
alum.
pound
These
trays,
pound
one
following
Japanese
ounce
one
protosulphate
one
vulcanite
Two
requisite :
are
the
manipulation
above
within
tilt
an
forward
of
the
raise
the
inch
or
gelatine plates will
the
right hand.
the
slide
Figure
15
DEVELOPMENT
illustratesthis also.
OF
The
THE
29
PLATE.
plateis taken
iipjjerniost
out
of the
of the right
holder,beinggraspedby the thumb and forefinger
11, and then the holder is so inclined
hand,as shown in figure
that the other
The
into
holder
can
to this!
Look
l:eepthe
tray,and
Put
into its former
Lower
be set aside.
now
\Tilcanite
a
slide back
platewill
the slide C
the
place.
gelatine
plate
sensitive side
uppermost.
into the holder.
back
or glass
pitcher
pour clean water into the trayuntil
filled. Leave the platein this cold water
bath,and mix your developersolution as
in apfollows : With
a
graduatedglass,
pearance
like figure
out
two
16,measure
of oxalate of potashsolution,
which
ounces
is made
formula :
by the following
solve
Wate7\ twenty o^inces, into which disneutral oxalate p)otash
fiveounces
and
twenty grainsof hromide of potassium.
a
If tliesolution does
not
This
tumbler
into it
follows
as
solution will
:
with
Water,twenty ounces,
dissolved
acid
therein.
fiveounces
To
this add
keep well.
of iron solution into the two
few rotations of the tumbler
down,
that the
surface
and
pour
the
Should
will mix
off the water
handled.
When
air bubbles
will displace
them.
finger
in the
the
ounce
quai*ter
water
form,
the
the
potash. A
Set the tumbler
tray,using care
out, and
from
Bring
the
the two.
slide
not
developingsolution
any
Pour
of oxalate of
ounces
does
gelatine])late
is not
off,pour
of
of protosulphate
phuric
twenty drops "f sul-
c.
jK
solution will also
This
tray.
a
Fig. 16.
nitely.
keep indefiPour
the solution from
tlie graduatedglassinto a
Einse out the graduate,
and pour
kept for this use.
of iron solution preprotosulphate
one-quarterounce
pared
so.
iron
it is half
blue litmus
turn
paper red, then add enough drops of
saturated solution of oxalic acid to make
it do
From
has
also that its
been
tumbler
slighttouch
niby lantern
a
drained
into the
of the
close to
30
the
the
HOW
side
of
the
of
action
MAKE
TO
pan
(see figure
the
developer
PICTTJBES.
17),
that
so
you
the
upon
of
sign
that
plate
into
few
a
solution
its
Along
sky
is
the
be
Allow
the
and
into
the
renew
which
milky
a
image
it
with
the
wash
with
is
tenned
if
the
and
picture
to
remain
whiteness
flow
and
under
away,
clean
the
raising
well
as
water,
fixing
begins
fade
to
fresh,
fresh
outline
appear,
plate
seems
tumbler,
the
Replace
may
order
gelatine
of
is
details
general
would
the
Soon
the
and
the
as
jjrepare
plate.
ounce
Shake
the
a
the
the
to
then
that
these
upper
for
with
turn
gray
the
so
such
"
features.
until
in
color,
developer
to
the
plate.
that
the
water
side
the
the
dows,
win-
developer
on
plate
streak
foliage
pour
water
new
the
dark
building
possessed
in
bler
tum-
impatience.
a
lastly
of
Watch
indicates
of
veloper
deand
the
pour
tray.
edge
which
appears,
developing.
and
what
17.
quarter
restrain
but
plate,
Fig.
the
into
the
tumbler,
and
the
and
flow
the
times,
give
exposure,
solution.
iron
place,
not
case,
another
it add
the
an
the
being
back
to
did
the
no
taking
you
long
too
If
shows
time,
change
a
consider
such
short
a
note
film.
gelatine
after
latter,
better
may
of
next
it ;
again
process,
CHxVPTER
Y.
FIXING
PouK
into
the
of
follows
as
soda
The
Never
has
contained
film
or
this
hidden
be
taking
Then
a
out
take
sink
Keep
has
noted
be
in
the
view,
the
plate, to
out
light will
outside
of
raising
allow
be
the
film
a
gentle
stream
not
permit
Do
would
After
be
and
of
If
a
warning:
a
than
sulphite
hypo-
a
of
the
not
now
darkened
the
The
to
fingers to
flow
touch
the
fixing solution
all
the
of
the
with
finger
patches remain,
thus
Patches
must
little
additional
harm
sitive
sen-
until
back
the
plate
have
solution,
the
solution
white
they
have
to
sure
this
it
lies,handling
the
from
any
that
sure
plate.
water
in
disappeared
side.
so
be
plate
solution
from
plate
the
it
it in
place
Again
by
lower
the
plate
the
to
other
any
where
tray
tray.
up.
will
the
the
Every particle of hyposulphite
from
is
of hyjposul-
ounces
point
tray for
from
second
side
White
to
which
preparing
four
here
must
illustrated, and
the
examining
the
with
latter
plate
whiteness
milky
replace
sulphite
hypo-
therein.
caution
been
in
"
for
the
solution.
the
as
plate
fill it of
half
to
formula
ounces,
this
soda
Remove
and
of
use
of
the
solution, the
dissolved
finger
just
traj enough
twenty-fcmr
soda
of
1^^
unused
PLATE.
:
Water,
"phite
THE
before
time
all
disappeared.
wash
and
it
it,so
artistically
it
be
can
oughly.
thor-
carried
room.
of
washing
over
the
should
soda
be
removed
by permitting
is done
each
side
film, as
thus
of
the
the
plate.
negative
marred.
carefully
and
completely
cleansing
the
plate, rinse
out
32
it half full of the alum
developing
tray and pour
to
which is mixed according
the
Water, twenty
hold in
ounces,
solution,
or, in
film
the plate,
I'lCTUKES.
MAKE
TO
HOW
the formula
and
other
solution,
hei-e:
presented
all the alum
it will take and
^'"saturated solution.''''
words, a
side up, into the new
bath,and
it to remain there five minutes, while you cleanse your
from any adheringsoda solution.
Place
permit
hands
platefrom the tray,wash it for a few seconds,
of hours.
and set it up to dry,which
a number
may require
thus melt the
Do not use heat to dry the plate,
as
you would
about or off the plate.
to run
the gelatine
film,and so cause
Castles in Spain,"
would resemble
Then your picture
nothing
tion.
more
dependingon the power of imaginadefined,
everything
for
I present in figureIS a very convenient
receptacle
holding gelatineplateswhen
which
is called a negadrying,
tive
in this,
Set the plate
rack.
Remove
the
"
or
where
while
drying.
Plate
be
Fig.
18.
solution back into the
it into the
dark
room
number
2
put through the
can
course
now
of
development and fixing,and
Before
rack.
into the negative
doing this,however, that is,
2, empty the tray containingthe
handling plate number
alum
it will not be disturbed
wash
bottle,
the
tray out,and carry
of the
away the contents
pleaserinse out also. If the ruby
; also throw
tumbler,which
developing
banish
it. Once
more
relight
extinguished,
merate
the closet. Briefiy
all white lightfrom
permit me to enu2 is to pass through. 1st,take
what
platenumber
the plateout of the holder.
2d, placeit in the developing
it. 3d, pour off the water, and replace
pan, and pour water on
wash and fix the
it with the mixed
developingsolution. 4tli,
plate. 5th,wash and placethe platein the solution of alum.
and set it in the negativerack to
6th,againwash the plate,
is that the gelatine
dry. The presumptionin this summary
platewas giventhe proper lengthof exposure.
lantern has been
34
HOW
MAKE
TO
loweringthat end of the
permitsthe developerto flow
and
rnbber tube
a
the
the
is placedwith
inside,
Alter
the
over
When
into it.
has gone on sufficiently,
remove
While
in the fixing
solution.
with
PICTURES.
tray,which
the
development
it,and placeit
there,a funnel,
wash
plate,
platerests
in the neck
its small end
of
the stock bottle.
Take
in it,
tion
and pour the soluup the tray with the developer
into the filterlined funnel,whence
it will percolate
down
into the
stock
the funnel
remove
With
over
to
after
add
a
a
and
bottle you
at any time,and
use
quarter of
been
that to
each
bromide
of
an
this,
solution^
may have a developing
tlie developer
be used over
can
before
of
ounce
developedwith
of the
ounce
potassiumbe
and in the
ounces,
impurities.After
its
tion
again. The oil is poured on the surface of the solukeep air away from it,and prevent precipitation.
If,
does not seem
to act with energy,
while,the develojier
have
plates
as
of
cork the bottle.
stock
the
readyfor
and
bottle cleared
the
If many
this solution,
I should advise
solution
kind of
bottle mix
a
the oil
This
is the
on
top, then three
one
be
to
used
grainsof
remainingtwo
compounded, viz.,oxalate
with
solution.
Label this bottle
added.
same
iron
of
a
Old
veloper^
De-
developer
potash,twenty-four
of the iron solution.
ounces
next
fresh
"
in
developingyour
plates.
You
for
ask,perhaps,
method
negativethat is
weak, but has good detail. The manipulationshould proceed
in this manner
: After
developerhas brought out
your regular
the detail,
showing a lack in strength,
pour the developerback
then flood the platewith some
into its bottle,
of the old developer
of potassium. In this
the extra
bromide
.containing
will acquire
strengtli.
way the negative
From
this
but
the
amateur
a
to tone
up
a
chemical manipulation
description,
may
the processes are not really
Rather
so.
along,tryingto discover wliat
grope
seem
plicated,
com-
than have
will
bring
will lead to error, I have endeavored
to mark
if the amateur
hesitates and
out each step to be taken.
Still,
success
wavers,
and what
not
his
trusting
own
he
to manipulatea plate,
ability
FIXING
can
and
do
have
the
the
also
way.
and
have
done.
toning,
printing,
If
To
this.
recommend
not
done
development
arise,
doubts
believe
in
your
35
PLATE.
THE
by
and
"go
consult
ability
a
professional
of
mounting
it
alone"
with
to
is
some
do
what
photographer,
the
the
one
other
picture.
true
of
can
Ameri-
ence,
experiamateurs
I
YI.
CHAPTER
We
left
the
follows
in
next
for
sold
in
before
the
the
leave
is to
plan
negative
dried
thoroughly
this
next
that
purpose)
should
be
do
to
not
preserve
much
use
indication
of
Grasp
the
the
and, taking
which
can
much
that
illustrates
plate
so
vary
heat
;
jjlate by
in
hand
right
protect
varnish
the
over
be
must
My
and
(prepared
film
It
dry.
to
the
on
nega-
31.
So
it.
only just
the
warm
sufficient
to
plate slightly ;
give
the
plate
left
hand
in
an
warmth.
shown
manner
and
put
night
over
of
coating
a
FiG.
tive
rack
it
attempted.
is
process
the
in
and
rack, drying,
the
negative
order
NEGATIVE.
THE
TABNISHING
up,
the
the
act
the
Have
21.
of
varnish
the
over
will
pouring
will
inclination,
and
the
on
off
of
out
flow
send
to
at
film
the
the
surface
run
the
from
cork
enough
pour
varnish
with
corner
the
spread
the
that
figure
remove
it
be
the
side
plate
the
the
to
With
up.
bottle
of
varnish^
make
a
plate, but
edge.
the
varnish.
the
upper
the
varnish
to
pool"
not
so
Figure
21
Incline
right
the
hand
the
the
ner,
cor-
upper
left hand
and
corner,
to
finally
of
these
then around
to the
the
on
When
reached
hand
should
be
will,of
hand,
course,
plate
right
the
corner,
the
has
lower
the
It
corner.
by
varnish.
varnish
the
held
corner
is to
evenly with
over
righthand
object
the lower
movements
the film
coat
THE
that the
be surmised
37
NEGATIVE.
VARNISHING
placed as
bottle
cated
indi-
by figure22, so that
will catch the surplus
it
Graduallythe
varnish.
distant
corner
bottle is raised
the
excess
from
so
the
of varnish will
22.
Fig.
that all
off the
run
accelerate which
to
plate,
rockingmotion
give the platea slight
and fro from
to
right
to left.
As
cork
paper
soon
as
it,and
to
the varnish
draw
run
the
off,remove
bottle,
plateover a bit of
the
dropsclingingto the edge. Warm
plateto dry the varnish,usingonly
it to dry with
sufficient heat to cause
glossybrilliancy.
Set aside the varnished
negative
the lower
wipe off any
to
ceases
corner
for
and
a
of the
few hours
then
to
cool and
it will be
frame.
printing
have
negatives
there
varnished,
ready for
the
number
of
When
been
are
harden,
a
developedand
two
methods
of
them
from the dust and
preserving
made of
them in envelopes
from scratches. One is by putting
sold
which
are
stout paper, and called
preservers,"
negative
is
to correspond
to different sized negatives.Another
way
shown
in figure
in boxes like the one
by placingthe negatives
23.
These are called
negativeboxes,"and are constructed
into the
which latter are slipped
to hold twenty-four
negatives,
and thus kept from rubbing.
grooves at the two sides,
Fig. 23.
"
"
CHAPTEK
PRINTING
In
other
words,
For
negative.
a
chloride
of
chloride
fair
lime,
and
cut
size
of
four
how
the
allow
not
the
Put
paper.
which
should
Figure
is that
24
the
the
out
The
the
the
its
printing
smooth.
on
of
glass negative
the
and
side
Note
the
frame,
the
is up,
frame.
light.
frame,
the
and
negative
it
that
in
whole
the
pressure
The
conceal
in
paj^er
half
of
back-board
also
the
a
piece
to
placing
of
tive.
nega-
by
the
frame
so
sensitized
back-board
in
underneath
paper
the
harmed
printing
the
out.
off the
dust
be
the
place
springs by sliding
underneath.
of
ope,
envel-
Sensitized
one
do
side
large
a
and
with
Replace
down.
using gentle
box
not
may
upon
pieces,
glossy
in
the
up.
take
frame
cutter, and
use.
frame
opened
and
the
glossy
Fasten
the
of
Put
side
with
paper,
half
inside
weak
printing
a
and
outside
film
a
for
pieces
paper
paper
wanted
negative,
sixteen
or
a
print
slieet
paper
shallow
is
to
into
sensitive
sensitive
a
This
each
paper
ivory
an
ounce
one
soda.
from
each
the
of
in
in
of
other
operation.
same
touch
until
unfastened
Unfasten
Use
pieces
only
in
are
size.
place
handled
back-board
that
the
dark
be
Dust
in
of
want
you
soda,
of
Lottie
a
commencing
sensitized
There
please place
and
dry
of
fingers to
your
Before
amount
inches
of
acetate
from
paper
j^aper,
hyposulphite
pictures
negative.
five
by
pound
chemicals.
proper
the
pound
on
porcelain trays,
two
sensitized
ready
some
many
needed
are
purpose
one
NEGATIVE.
positive picture
a
quarter
a
of
proportion
THE
producing
tliis
gold,
of
determine
a
FBOM
j)rinting frame,
one
VII.
ends
avoid
of
under
is
the
tons
but-
breaking
the
the
sensitized
l-KOM
PKINTINO
in tlie frame
paper
printingframe,
the
and
sill,
must
when
the
let
into
the
in
all closed
up,
the
Occasionally remove
back
be done
light fall
to
room
than
the
is
a
the
the
to
light. Carry the
window, lay it upon
the
the
print.
of the
front
window,
Loosen
one
frame.
stepping
of
the
24.
springs,raise one half of the back to
back the
in figure 24, bend
shown
as
how
subdued
from
the
Fig.
a
upon
frame
examine
39
NEGATIVE.
TUB
a
perpendicularposition,
sensitized
paper,
and
see
When
the print looks darker
printingis getting on.
it from
picture to appear, remove
you wish the finished
from
and place it away
the light; a drawer
frame
or
a box
good receptacle. Put another piece of sensitized paper in
the
frame
desired
cautions
and
continue
number
will not
of
as
before, until
printsfrom
come
amiss
this
at
this
you
have
secured
the
negative. The following
point. Never
drop your
negativesinto the printingframe, but rather lower them in
gently.
Some
negativesmay require continuouslythe full benefit of
the
sun's rays
the printingframe, but the greater number
on
subdued
do better in a more
light. Never
permit anything to
while
throw
on
a reflection
printingwith it.
your frame
When
light.
examining the print,always do so in a weak
and do not
in putting in the paper,
Use
scratch the negacare
tive.
CHAPTEE
YTII.
V
TONING
Although
the
the
is
solution
Into
follows
as
and
seven
chloride
grains
grains
solution
hours
is
before
always
the
should
After
guess-work.
off
it
pour
and
of
number
while
soak
you
Take
into
the
and
agitate
The
in
the
finished
the
is
bath
place
Do
dred
hun-
saturated
a
made
twenty-four
it will
the
keep,
into
water
not
too
get
fresh.
This
last
change
the
toning
toning
solution
be
bath
the
according
water,
repeated
a
prints
to
the
permit
dow,
win-
a
requiring
in
should
of
Toning
near
awhile
and
one
prints.
distinctly without
see
soaked
tray, add
iyi order
tray
just
mixed
into
commence
it
to
off
drained
now
down
this,
clean
have
the
at
porcelain
solution
them
to
prints
with
stock
unused
water
of
fifteen
the
to
lowing
fol-
:
the
of
to
toning
three
it
to
solution
Pour
light.
light
the
and
add
be
should
this
weak
a
prepare
formula
stock
dissolve
drops
seven
stock
a
into
and
renew
times,
the
water
then
which
wanted.
suflEicient
have
but
in
of
and
soda
Being
when
done
be
naturally
hefore jproceeding
preparing
sodmm,
solution
porcelain trays,
will
yon
lime.
of
using.
ready
for
ounces
and
of
a
solutions
fixing
formula
of gold
have
operation,
next
one-half
acetate
now
THEM.
FIXING
:
chloride
of
You
The
prints.
the
and
toning
AND
PRINTS,
is
toning
prepare
make
THE
face
with
one-half
to
mix
the
it
prints,
downward,
the
leisurely
turn
of
water
loell.
they
and
at
one
fingers.
to
it
p"our
ounces
seven
them
ounce,
a
time,
When
them
placed
are
you
over,
and
ing
press-
have
this
reversal
this
or
PRINTS,
THE
TONING
in
solution,
presumed to
be
order
to
toned
secure
they remain in
The printsare
examination
by
and by
be clear,
tones.
even
41
THEM.
while
continue
should
turningover
FIXING
AND
when,
sufficiently
on
found to
the whites are
light,
the
have a purpletint. Remove
reflected lightthe pictures
printsfrom the toning solution (which preserve for future
use)and wash them well in clear water, using the now empty
transmitted
dish for the purpose.
ounces
of water put
se^en
Label
the
and sodium.
of gold solution.
of
French
ounces
of the chloride of
azotate
one-half
and one-half
grainschloride of gold
the mixture chloride
bottle containing
Combine
ounce
French
with
made
Avery simpletoningbath may be
and chloride of gold and sodium.
six
azotate, to
Into
gold solution.
with
of water
ounces
which
and
seven
add
Thus
one-half
and
one
the
one
toningbath
is made.
Fiocing
the
printsin
the
the
Prints,
"
Pour
bath,which
fixing
off and
this water
is thus made
of sod^ifour ounces., coniraon
Ilyposulphite
sal soda {washingsoda)one-half
ounce, and
up
salt
water
place
:
one
ou7ice,
thirty-two
ounces.
Prepare this solution the day before it is to he used, or
solution
in the fixing
to ninetydegrees. Put the prints
warm
to remain
(Thisshould be used but for one
twenty minutes.
wash
them thoroughly
lot of prints.)After fixingthe prints,
and well,and then hang them up to dry. As stated before,it
of soda
is necessary to have all trace of the hyposulpliite
ing
from the prints.This is accomplished
removed
by long washthis
In the photographic
galleries
running water.
in all cases
not
which would
washing is continued all night,
in
be convenient
Some
for the amateur.
five years ago Mr. H. J.
Newton,
a
well-known
teur,
ama-
community a simpleand
broughtbefore the photographic
of soda from the
of removing the hyposulphite
effectual means
to wit : First prepare a stock solution
with far less washing,
prints
of
of acetate of lead in sixteen ounces
two
ounces
by dissolving
After the prints
water.
are
fixed,wash them in three or four
42
HOW
of
changes
sliort
a
clear
of
Add
in
minutes
for
then
;
and
water,
this
add
two
them
wash
which
be
can
This
dry.
to
done
There
is
several
in
the
suit
to
another
the
^^J)l\i6
on
process^''
and
drawings,
manuscripts,
Place
negative
it
the
lay
After
from
and
three
examine
from
the
the
on
fifteen
white
will
paper.
weak
not
back,
front
printing,
paper,
of
side
The
and
as
it.
will
after
in
print
or
have
of
it
this
is
a
until
a
the
clear
paper
washed.
Lamp
for
frame
to
distinctly
of
blue
should
the
to
for
water
whites
permanent
upon
sunlight
is
lie
or
:
down.
frame
image
of
;
up
the
pan
follows
as
in
take
the
as
is called
side
the
receive
a
mottoes,
side
printing
to
soon
the
handling
until
out
It
colored
Occasionally
place
you
the
ready
producing
is
film
paper,
clear
are
reproducing
manipulation
carry
thirty minutes,
to
for
jDrinting frame,
minutes.
ten
light
hurt
The
the
the
cleai-, when
are
very
to
used
etc.
in
the
turn
is much
ten
taste.
simple.
very
to
of
they
method
is
ferro.-prussiate
in
fastening
window,
seen
of
piece
a
which
2:)aper,
phace
five
"
positiv^e picture
ance.
appear-
changes
ended,
lend
and
up,
from
there
four
above
niilkj
a
clears
them
change
out
the
water
solution
leaving
up
of
the
eacli
measure
ounces
the
in
remain
to
change
give
and
Prints.
tlieni
last
until
remove
mounting,
-Blue
acid
solution,
hang
nCTURES.
the
will
addition
acetic
prints
in
wliich
to
This
solution.
the
While
water,
]V[AKE
allowing
water,
time.
quarts
TO
the
ture
pic-
print
done
in
on
a
gaslight
CHAPTEE
TRIMMING
Prints
tliem, and
knife
cutting along
the
the
form
best
the
print
Lay
the
on
penknife
for
this
the
prints, my
making
doctrine
the
light
of
and
so
thus
piled
will
The
will
not
JPrints,
is to
dampen
it
be
too
paste
spoil
your
on
Drain
all of
off
the
I
take
Then
put
the
each
negatives,
as
it
it makes
trimming
it lies flat.
until
well
top of
until
continue
up.
Then
immersion.)
glass ;
through
light of -glass,at
a
as
a
one.
"When
"
water
prints, as
by figure 25,
uneven
clean.
is
it in
total
p-ie,
or
the
that
of
rough
a
immerse
realize
you
of
one
illustrated
not
that
sure
and
knife
trimmers
plan
of
the
a
is
Jtfounting
glass forms,
use
sharp
a
than
edge,
cut
is to
sharp
very
the
around
purpose
straight
clean
with
Better
method
a
over
light
adjust
all
cut
edges.
thick
it
and
with
straight edge
ruler
a
selected.
a
glass, over
time, by laying
a
seen
portion
be
may
PBINTS.
by shifting
the
print
be
can
and
the
at
scientific
more
picture
glass form,
MOUNTING
one
through them,
of
AND
trimmed,
; but
the
as
be
can
IX.
place
another
have
them
surplus
print
this
rately,
sepatime
accept the
must
it face
time
same
(By
the
down
upon
print facing down,
been
water
so
dampened
that
the
and
prints
wet.
used
for
prints.
mounting
Do
not
must
forget
be
this
sweet.
Sour
fact, and
you
paste
will
4A
HOW
not, after
of
use,
as
it keepswell and
essential to
(when
Parlor
choice view.
some
in
not
bristle brush
bottle
use)to keep
a
"
pasteis the
out
inch brush
two
fadingand staining
best for
an
is alwaysreadyfor service.
that the
see
about the
to lament
while,have
a
PICTURES.
MAKE
TO
amateur's
It is only
it is corked
jarcontaining
With
this paste keep a
dust.
is best
as
a
largesurface can
or
"
spread over with paste in a short time,and it will do the
work evenly.
After
wetting the brush and squeezingout the water,
dip it in the paste,and apply this to the upper surface
ward
the pile,
back of the top printon
passingthe brush backor
See that
until an even
and forward
coatingis put on.
With a knife blade liftone corner
the edgesare not neglected.
of the left
and thumb
the finger
of this print,
grasp it with
time take
; at the same
hand, and raise it off the other prints
that the
hold of the lower edgesand turn it in such a manner
printwill be suspended paste side down between the two
Now
hands.
bring it over to the card-board or mount, and
Gently lower the center of the
poise it over the middle.
push one edge,and
print down to the mount, and carefully
be
then
the
to the
other,down
pieceof
paper on
rub with the hand
the
print,and, commencing
toward
all air from
to press out
Place
card-board surface.
one
end
and
beneath the
smoothlypastedon, laythe
wash
mounting prints,
then
at
toward
print. If
clean
a
the center,
other,
the
to be
it appears
ished
you have finand cleanse the brush.
off the glass
mount
aside.
After
to dry.
separately
Let me
point,before I forgetit,a handy
down
for mounting,or, in other words, rolling
your
appliance
of
round
It
consists
a
printsafter they have been pasted.
which a pieceof rubber tubing has been
turned stick,
over
the surface and to tit tightly.Six inches
to cover
drawn
would be a convenient lengthfor the stick and tubing. Put
Please
a
set the mounts
up
suggest at this
inch
three-quarter
stick.
Bend
a
in
screw
piece of
stout
the center
wire in
a
of each
half
end
of the
and
circle,
then
will go into the rings
their heads.
Passingthe screw
thus made
as far as
up to the
heads,throughthese two ends,and turningthem into tlieends
twist
the
two
ends
so
that the
screws
AND
TRIMMING
of
the
down
MOUNTING
will have
stick,
you
the printsafter they are
Should
handy implement
a
laid
fiat and
for
rolling
the mount.
on
a picture
you desire to mount
material
paper, the followingspecial
arise when
the occasion
on
or
very thin card-board
should be used if you would
on
45
PRINTS.
have
the
when
prints,
dry,lay
be free from
puckers:
No. 1 gelatine
Take
of Nelson's
four ounces i water, sixteen
Allow
the gelatine
to
ounces.
soak in the
then
for ten
water
set
the
utes,
min-
bottle
taining
con-
to make
it in hot water
gelatinedissolve,after
the
which
add
one
and
then
made
five
With
alcohol.
there
of
ounce
cerine,
glyof
ounces
paste thus
the
will be
trouble
no
mounting printsaccord-,,
ing to the previousdirections
in this chapter. This paste requires
warming (by settingthe bottle
the mounted
Whether
printsshall be
about
is left to the taste
As
neat
arrangement
an
consists
pictures,
backs,so
of the
that from
of
a
six
as
Fig. 26.
in hot
framed
water)before
or
put in
a
use.
folio,
port-
amateur.
I have
ever
seen
with
made
pair of covers
to twenty-fourpictures
may
for
holding
expanding
be inserted
Figure26 represents the cover, with perforations
the spreading claspsof the paper
in the back, throughwhich
fastener bind the whole
together.The picturesare mounted
in
one
cover.
in the usual
proper
as
width
way,
are
stripsof linen or strong paper of the
pasted on one edge, through holes in which,
and
just intimated, paper
fasteners
are
inserted.
These
can
easilybe put in or taken out. The whole arrangement is simple
and will be comprehended at a glance. For binding together
or
views, a series or set of landscapes,
photographsof any
kind, they are very serviceable.
X.
CHAPTER
TO
ITEMS
In
keep
summer
the
washing
In
it
IN
solutions
your
keep
cool
solutions
your
from
crystallization a]3pear
shows
MIND.
; also
cold
use
in
water
gelatine plates.
winter
Should
BORNE
BE
failure
a
freezing.
thoroughly
to
a
negative
wash
the
any
other
on
after
it is
dry,
before
negative
drying.
Do
not
hold
will
the
be
wash
the
All
from
This
is
trays
and
so
IIijjpo.,
pan
than
purpose
that
to
there
using
handling
another
the
j)late.
fixing solution,
of
soda
of
hyposulphite
the
negative
washed
thoroughly
out
must
of
the
important.
should
measures
washed
be
after
out
ing
develop-
plate.
Should
it will
add
iron
the
cause
Never
fail
If
resulting
avoided,
to
from
and
at
the
apj)earance.
varnished
water
this
stoppage
spots in the
plate
clear
follow
a
do
not
the
oxalate
form.
to
Always
the
reverse
order,
or
ensue.
pour
you
into
precipitate
and
oxalate,
will
trouble
same
solution
iron
yellow
a
the
to
much
too
pour
you
solution
A
the
after
the
hyposulphite
each
the
before
and
removal
film.
Label
hands
your
solution,
have
for
pan
mistake.
no
After
fixing
solution.
hypo,
Always
soda
the
use
same
in
the
j^late before
oping.
devel-
direction, disagreeable markings,
the
flow
air
time
negative,
before
over
will
it
is
be
of
the
bubbles,
will
developer,
which
be
parent
trans-
cause
prevented.
thoroughly
dry
has
a
milky
XI.
CHAPTER
the
Although
*
in
devotees
amateur
an
and
appliances
have
this
recreation
among
art, when
due
the
to
that
To
shown
sex
resist
the
maximum
abroad,
of
"tyrant
"
will
man
of
consisting
4
a
be
5
camera,
to
the
gentler
combine
well
as
taken
be
as
by
up
The
perception.
about
carry
pocket outfit,
a
dry plate holder,
accompanying
and
three
but
complete
tripod, weighing
extension
an
x
needed
not
tained
ob-
describe.
may
to
artistic
quick
and
refinement
of
be
environment
Here,
destined
is
The
sex.
to
can
page,
credit
now
the
with
fascination?
photography
can
henceforth
which
and
grace
fair
about
am
following
tlie
on
I
quered
con-
much
the
better,
pleasant
accomplishment
an
amateur
ladies
and
illustration
the
in
is
photography
amateur
and
which
by perfected appliances
If
of
or
been
not
therefore
makers
science
a
have
it
and
achieved,
they
mastered
surrounding
picture
popularizing
for
now
have
praiseworthy,
pioneer
results
same
until
ripe
them.
is
by genius,
is
been
not
time
ladies, the
the
among
ful
skill-
and
conspicuous
some
way
difficulties
the
has
beautiful
art
LADIES.
FOR
PHOTOGRAPHY
three-quarter pounds.
No.
Figure
Such
are
cameras
This
inches.
with
of
front,
depicts
in
made
recently
so
the
when
that
camera,
it
and
is
they
or
pains
with
compactness.
be
swung
out
were
4
"
the
to
may
drawn
The
sizes, viz.,
two
out
and
to
the
button
to
resulting apparatus
up.
5x8
provided
and
camera,
down
on
bellows
and
5
is
the
folded
expended
x
camera
of
frame
either
folded
when
camera
patented pocket
ingenuity
little
pocket
a
pieces hinged
brass
movable,
side
27
to
upon
the
extended.
camera
No
utility
combine
looks
the
so
simple
PHOTOGKAPHY
that
but
trived
tempted to exclaim,"Any one conld have conthat."
pocket cameras,
Many have tried to make
in reality.
not
liave succeeded only in name,
is
rnc
pactly,
pocketcamera, when folded up cominches thick,
and three-quarter
is but one
cupies.
is not more
ordinarybook ocspace than an
This
4x5
which
No
is needed
case
])ut such
a
latter
hand
:;
made
might be
especially
so
to be used
as
sex
27.
edly
will undoubt-
in one
pocket,and the plate
away
It would be quiterecherche for the ladies
for this purpose
time
same
the sterner
Fig.
it
camera
holders in another.
use
take
it in and
stow
to
beingof
aforesaid
The
about.
to
49
LADIES.
FOR
for
a
bag. The
very handsome,and at the
cloth.
focusing
satchel or velvet
for a patent
application
which permit
with lazytong levers^
been made, is provided
for focusing,
to be swung
out
front to be drawn
up or
Another
has
the
new
; there
down
pocketcamera,
for which
freedom
is also considerable
of motion
to one
of camera
is made of mahogany,
style
of a purplish
belic^ws are
finished in the finest style. The
the
mahogany and
hue, wonderfully harmonizing with
the front
The flangeon
brass-work of the camera.
polished
to permit
as
board has a thread cut inside in such a manner
and thus to
the lens,when not in use, to be screwed on inside,
lenses are
American
be neatlystowed away in the camera.
side
or
the other.
Either
with
pocketcameras.
are
singlediy plate
Accompanying the pocket cameras
which well deserve mention.
Figure28 illustrates one
holders,
of them.
Upon the stopper to the slide a catch is
the best to
use
in connection
set which
holder.
of the
eye on the frame
of the initiited amateur.
the pleasure
hooks
At
into
an
The
out.
be unset, and the slide drawn
the catch may
beted
movable back of this incomparable
plateholder has rab-
and
which slide under grooves in the edge of the frame,
edges,
springat the top of the plateholder holds the back in
Fig. 28.
a
place.
Another
springon
surface of the back
the under
platein focus,and also serves
has,by upward pressure of
to
the
throw
hands
out
on
keeps the
the back
its outer
after it
surface,
50
HOW
been
out
moved
from
TO
MAKE
PICTURES
enough to allow
the edge of the
far
under
the
rabbeted
holder.
and
will
in the studio
M'ork.
ly
tripod,devised especialwith pocket outfits,
use
for
is not
holder
use
for outdoor
The
slide
This
alike for
serve
edge to
intended
pocket,unless it be
by peopleof
of
the
Chinese
those sessed
posthe stature
giant ; but,
when
its
drawn
up,
and
heightbut
in
put in any
be
to
extension
it is
legs
are
quite compact,
feet nine
two
inches.
figure29. The
button on each legof the tripod
thus
may be turned at pleasure,
or lengthening
them,
shortening
cline
and givingwith celerity
any infor the camera
needed
by
Glance
Fig.
29.
at
Such
very easy method.
of it ? In
the necessity
Where's
a
tripoddoes
flash it
can
detached
in
them.
be
and
Because
men
not
unjoint.
gotten ready for
there is
no
part
to
a
be
lost.
these
business
There
use, and
a
and holders
pocket cameras
for pleasureexcursions
or
need
be
no
quarrelas
to who
are
so
compact,
will make
shall possess
use
of
such
cameras.
gentlemen alike or togethermight share in their
of the amateur
afi'ord. Some
and the pleasurethey may
use
forming will do a gracefulact
photographic societies now
by invitingladies to their membership. This latter will seem
and without
like a dissertation,
questionit is.
Kather
to you,
reader, should be assigned the duty of
for the art, and winning to it votaries
arousing enthusiasm
Ladies
fair and
and
gentle.
XII.
CHAPTER
INFORMATION.
USEFUL
Plates
sometimes
is
called
of
the
and
wash
the
How
do
weak
of
and
solution
where
the
treating
stage
any
recalcitrant
of
alum,
left
you
often
soda
of
at
solution
point
hyposulphite
solutions,
warm
the
from
proceed
solution
strong
so
and
plate,
saturated
a
This
edge.
the
remove
surface
its
over
the
at
itself
show
it
immediately
manipulation,
plate
A
Should
^'frilling?''
pucker
to
commence
off.
ing;
frill-
causes
with
negative
a
acids.
of
plates, if
Over-exposed
have
foggy
a
controlled
properly
not
and
appearance,
the
in
make
they
veloping,
de-
weak
prints.
If
the
lack
the
in
grooves
of
of
edge
"When
fogging
shadows
its
under-exposed
is
plate
a
then
the
by
from
comes
developing.
in
care
protected
were
clear,
remain
holder,
which
plates,
the
clear,
are
but
weak.
which
Negatives
things
two
ounces
of
water
be
this
of
soon
the
before
weeks
as
the
of
as
a
to
number
free
silver
in
negative.
developing,
possible after
the
in
of
prints
taking
the
the
are
red
turn
paper
plates
better
view.
may
plan
of
one
soda
making
sensitized
Exposed
but
the
by
will
show
solution
of
they
otherwise
or
go
fix
soda
ounce
one
rule
to
of
hyposulphite
safe
a
time
long
a
About
which
from
film
gelatine
is
varnished,
combination
some
weak.
too
Negatives
must
the
either
:
or
strono;
require
is
too
to
six
this
tion.
solu-
required
from
the
with
be
is
a
kept
to
do
52
HOW
Should
TO
MAKE
PICTUKES.
accident be
it may
exposedto light,
sibly
posbe recovered
for service in the following
manner
: In
of water
dissolve twenty grainsbichromate
two
of
ounces
potash. Into this solution lay the light-struck
platefor five
minutes
At the
of course^ this is done in the darlc room.
of the time,it is taken out of the solution and
expiration
washed
in several changes of fresh water, and set up to dry
by ruby light. "When dry the plateis readyto be placedin a
plateholder and exposed. If not to be used,pack the plate
away where concealed from light.
When
is exposedin the camera,
and you are certain
a plate
that the result is not good,as, for instance,
in takinga group
of which
of the figures
one
or
more
moved, put the plate
of treatment
and it
throughthe mild course
justdescribed,
for use
second time,with a more
a
cessful
sucmay be rejuvenated
a
plateby
"
result.
Mistakes
in
timingan
exposure
If the
err.
photographer
may
with certainty,
have the error
as the former
under-exposure,
Too much
over
the
film,after
solution
If the
densityin
:
six
ounces
^
is to be
can
the side of
over-
be controlled
washed
be
with
made
rather than
in
be reduced
; chloride
a
professional
cannot
the
opment.
devel-
by flowing
ing
water, the follow-
one
of iron.,
drachm.
the tion
proporbrief periodwash
the negative
only a slightone,
greater. After
The
many.
calculation
negativecan
it has been
Water
reduction
of water
a
on
are
make
then wash
more,
fixingsolution once
the hypo.,and set the negativeup to drj-.
it well to remove
Should only small portionsof the negativerequire
reducing,
after which,with care, apply the reducer to
wash the plate,
the parts requiring
it with a soft brush,and then wash the
plateand put it in the fixingsolution.
Densityin a negative
may be increased in this way : After the
detail is broughtout with the oxalate developer
you are using,
the platethe old oxalate developer
pour it ofi^and flow over
of
three grainsto the ounce
mentioned
on
page 34,containing
bromide
of potassium. If after this treatment
you still lack
fix the platein a solution made
the density
up as
you require,
and
it in
})lace
the
54
HOW
tion
PICTURES.
them, and developuntil
Mix
ounce.
one
MAKE
TO
tlie detail in the
highlylightedportionshows quiteplainly.The result should
be a fine positive
pictureor transparency,which is fixed,
washed, and dried,and then is ready to be put in a nickelplatedframe with a groundglassat the back,and hung where
to adorn a window.
the lightshines throughit probably
"
Slides,
Lantern
Magic
"
To
make
justdescribed
these
slides,
proceed
for
parencies,
making transtoo
observingcare, however, not to get the positive
dense,or, in other words,so opaque that lightshiningthrough
it will not throw out all the details in the picture.In short,
in order to
should be weak, but its details perfect,
tho positive
in
make
a
a
similar
to that
manner
fine lantern slide.
Fogging,as defined by Lake Price,"is an
which obliterates the forms,
opaque film coveringa negative,
in whatever
them from being clearly
distinguislied
j)reventing
Sutton writes thus
Thomas
be viewed."
direction they may
the entire
is thrown
over
concerningit : Wlien a precipitate
in the
to obscure
so
as
plateby the action of the developer,
deepestshadows the transparency of the glasswhen looked
It may
of fog are
it is fog." The
causes
many.
through,
the sensitive plate.
result from white light
on
falling
is defective development.
Another
cause
in the developer.
of soda getting
Another, hyposulphite
Or chemicals put on the platefrom the hands,which were
Fogging,
"
"
washed.
not
tryingto force tlie development of an under-exposed
plate.
Not proj^erly
modifyingthe developerfor an over-exposed
plate.
Using an alkaline sampleof oxalate of potash.
Or
exposingplatesin an old holder having free silver
Or
about
it.
When
the
troubled
edges which
holder
are
and if
plate,
fog,examine the gelatine
by tlie rabbeted edge of the
protected
as
to the development,
fault is chargeable
with
were
the
clear,
the
55
INFOR^rATION.
USEFUL
and tlie developer
not
evidentlyover-exposed
If the fog is all over
the plate,
modified to meet tlie case.
it
from
from white lights,
alkaline oxalate,
an
may have come
the development.
and forcing
from under-ex]30sure
platewas
WEIGHTS
MEASUEES.
AND
APOTHECARIES'
MEASURE.
SOLID
Grains
20
1
ScrnjDle
3
=
1
Drachm
3
^=
1
Ounce
1
Pound
=
Scruples
3
8 Drachms
Ounces
12
WEIGHT.
=
=
=
3
^
lb
=
FLUID.
Minims
GO
S Drachms
and
above
are
are
advances
amateur
doubt,read
up in
1
=
3
Gallon.
usuallyadoptedin formulas,
the
used in the foregoingchapters.As
in the picture
making art,he will,without
which
a course
not
canliterature,
photographic
those
weights are
what
Ounce
3
1 Pint.
=
8 Pints
The
1
=
Ounces
20
1 Fluid Drachm
=
be too hiffhlv commended.
He
will also be inclined
fact that to the
much
for progress
and
to
experimenta
amateur
inventive
little. It is an
disputed
un-
owes
fullyas
photography
skill as to the professional
photographer.
Photography in England is indebted,during many
years
past,for improvements and discoveries almost wholly to the
amateur's researches and experiments.It is safe to assert
that the amateur
the water
In
in the
in this
country will rival his brother
across
displayof ingenuity.
tryingdifferent formulas,many
of which
are
written
by
56
HOW
standard
the French
tables will
save
MAKE
TO
of
weights and
considerable
a
PICTURES.
the
following
bother,and
figuring,
measures,
of
amount
failure.
French
JTluid
Measures,
The
"
cubic
centimeter,
usuallyrej)resented
by c. c," is the unit of the
for liquids.It contains nearly
measurement
seventeen
"
of
water
of this
; in
it contains
reality
quantityof water is one
other
the
drachms
relation
same
for
or
fluids,
The
"
Conversion
Although a
is
one
hence,in
the
to
The
weight
be
for solids and
drachms
our
the
lowing
grain. The folfor photoaccurate
sufficiently
the minim
as
table will prove
tographic
purposes
as
minims.
minims
Hence
it will be
gramme.
bear to each
and the gramme
that the cubic centimeter
seen
16.896
French
and
the
:
of French
gramme
which
can
is
into
equal to
never
table
following
be
English
15.4346
used
it is assumed
Weight.
the decimal
grains,
by photographers
;
to be 15| grains,
which
is the
nearest
57
INFORMATION.
USEFUL
approachthat
can
be made
Measuring
with
a
Glass
Graduate,
of the center
3
designatethe
right hand
2,4, 6, 8.
acter
two
represent ounces, and
The
same.
3
side of the
These
is used
ounces
2 at
figure
and
so
shown
4
the
by
ounces.
the
the left
on
also does the
sliort lines between
lines,
1, 2, 3,4, represent half
ounce
^
line
On
"
as
glassyou will find lines and figures
graduated
1, 2, 3 and
diagramon next page. The figures
mark
practical
:
accuracy
hand
to
On
the
the
lower
line you will find the figures
represent drachms ; and the mark or char-
to
six
left hand
center
denote
drachms.
Example : To
graduateto the
drachms,fillthe
side,
pour this out
into the vessel
measure
line with
designed
58
HOW
for
6
the
six
the
on
solution,
right
the
two
ounces
drachms.
tlien
hand
just
fill
side
the
;
measured,
PICTURES.
MAKE
TO
this
graduate
is
which
six
to
the
line
drachms.
gives
you
with
Add
two
figure
this
ounces
to
and
CHAPTEK
XIII.
IXSTAXTAJiEOLS
Considerable
the
It
time.
"When
made
of
lightning
the
babies
is
the
enough
of
lure
may
gelatine
use
on
requisite is
with
or
that
drop,
a
else
that
bright
much
and
be
lens
Suppose
drop
in
soon
the
glides by,
If
will
Secure
and
boat
obtain
possible, focus
be
in
the
passing
focus
by
the
all
that
looms
it
the
this
the
ten
the
point
be
to
the
Your
in
up
^vill
be
object
where
method,
or
as
be
a
is
photographed
the
use
neous
instanta-
is
suddenly
and
where
from
for
this
as
picture
by using
or
p.m.
distance,
remote
the
should
;
camera.
away
focus
18
lens
two
toward
camera
provided
the
ambition
the
larly
regusecond
page
to
and
a.m.
object
approximate
an
The
on
on
sary
neces-
are
be
picture
toward
possess.
far
upon
fitted
first calls into
point
an
These
described
be
side
the
how
It is
should
and
taneous
instan-
securing
all ?
at
camera
between
the
Not
taking
steamboat
the
Judge
pass.
on
you
tripod
the
on
See
for
photographic goods.
for
time
and
of
ways.
sensitiveness.
shutters
lens
when
awakened
plant
a
pictures
photography,
appliances
figure 8,
chosen
passing
on
in
used
preferred.
a
the
great
dealers
brightly illuminated
hold
instantlyarrested.
complicated.
the
seized
objects distinctly,with
very
hy
other
one.
every
the
taking
amateur
animated
j)latesof
day
into
one
instantaneous
one,
to
pliotograj^hy at
interests
many
that
shown
as
in
infer
the
The
camera.
is
hand
in
and
any
picturing
pictures are
kept
that
it
applied
of motion
amateur
to
instantaneous
subject
a
children,
to
appearance
The
is
process,
restless
thought
very
about
practicable the photographer eagerly
and
It
lieard
is
present
PHOTOGRAPHY.
it will
you
as
it
distance.
the
is to
your
you
steamboat
be
own
taken.
judg-
60
HOW
If the
ment.
drop
TO
MAKE
is not
PICTURES.
alreadyin
the
lens
hold it up by a turn of the button underneath
a holder fOx'the ground glass.
As
the
slide
is
steamboat
the
separating
now
sensitive
the lens.
hand,draw
at
near
put it in,and
platefrom
out
the camera,
the
stitute
Sub-
dark
and
layit
on
top of the latter. Stand behind the camera, graspingthe
cord attached to the button holdingup the instantaneous drop.
Keep cool as an old hunter,glanceyour eyes over the top of
the camera, and when
the boat arrives at a pointdirectly
in
the line that the lens pointsto, pull the cord.
As the opening
in the drop passes throughthe lens the light
flashesthrough
the apertureto the gelatine
and the image is impressed
plate,
there. Is there any other demonstration
needed of the rapidity
with which
vous,
lighttravels ? The amateur
may have been nerand have pulledthe cord too soon.
Instead of the whole
he finds but the forward half of it when
the picture
steamboat,
is broughtout ; or, on the other hand, only the stern and the
wake of the boat may be caught.
be more
cannot
Sport,like shootingat birds in their flight,
and exhilarating.
If the amateur
shoots
at a steamboat
exciting
with his camera
and hits a barge,he will succeed better
upon the next trial. The fall of the instantaneous drop by the
law of gravitation
will do for the flrst attempt. After a time
the amateur
will scheme
and contrive,
by the use of an elastic
band
the top of the drop or by some
other device,to
over
"
"
shorten
The
exposure.
to one-thousandtli
the
one-tenth
to
that of turfmen
in
full sail is a favorite
The
amateur.
beautyand
perfectly.
The
onlycautions
much
but
than
relates to
for
a
the
fractional
for the
a
to reduce
second
have
the time
less is similar
and
their
from
racers
excel all
dashingalong throughthe waves
accomplishmentof the full-fledged
life of the yachtmay be portayed
I have
to
first in instantaneous
at
advice
part of
to
striving
previousrecords of time.
Shootingyachtsthat are
under
ambition
give are,
work
a
second.
ordinaryplates. My
not
attempt
too
pieceof
gelatine
platesexposed
; and
developmentof
part of
do
the
More
plan
other
care
is to mix
is needed
a
fresh
62
HOW
Development.
water
ounces
B.
Two
64- X
8^ plate,to
dish.
Flow
The
image
plate.
attain
full
brought
The
often
till the
horses
in
while
method
each
5
a
for
8
x
the
gentle motion
if
or
oping
develthe
over
correctlyexposed, will
Allow
seconds.
in the
detail
ment
develop-
deepest shadows
that
last
deck
of
is well
this
was
J.
Traill
Taylor,
out
Long Island Sound, he "shot"
yachts skimming along in an
Boston
Bay, in a little steamer
the temptation to point
his
lens
could
did
not
not
resisted,
be
allurement.
It
was
of
so
no
he
use
and
at
to
that
to
fasten
graphic
photo-
deserve
mention.
pleasureretreat
a
the
picturesof
like
about
at
on
Again,
course.
tossed
been
Some
veteran
secured
opposite
race
has
unnecessary.
well-known
plying
steamer
the
accomplished
the
of
taking
to
around
speeding
were
repetition is
summer
a
introductory chapter
which
journalist,Mr.
the
the
they
by
described
achievements
From
a
and,
appears
made
was
pictures of
so
solution
ounce
out.
Allusion
track.
one
Mix
developer by
soon
and
thirteen
to
equal parts of
of each will be ample for
just before laying plate in
mixed
the
A.
density in sixty to ninety
proceed
to
solution
"ounces
be
P.
solution
ounce
water.
ounces
developing.
PICTURES.
one
ounce
one
;
twelve
to
Add
"
MAKE
TO
a
on
shell,
cockle-
passing boats
some
try
to
the
camera
the
withstand
on
to
the
supplied
required,and these were
legswere
under
Placing the camera
by the photographic litterateur.
he touched
the trigger,
at the right moment
releasing
one
arm,
the instantaneous
drop, lightflashed through the lens and fixed
animated
marine
the sensitive plate the impression of an
upon
who
could
view.
not
appreciatesuch sport. In
Pity the man
called
be
his journalistic
to
capacity,Mr. Taylor may
upon
shots
made
record
skillful instantaneous
who,
by men
many
tripod ;
after
better
sea
reading this, will
wonderful
than
his.
strive
to
outdo
him
with
feats
more
XIY.
CHAPTEE
PICTURES.
STEREOSCOPIC
Jlotv
used
make
to
lenses
this
a
liolder, have
and
center,
the
upon
screwed
is
If the
flat when
appear
the
in
the
or
stand
to
seem
and
distant
any
still
this
made
upon
about
them.
If
the
After
matched.
the
is
will
have
focusing, put
for
the
the
the
and
plate
well
as
of
seeming
lenses
holder
a
tree,
actuality
use
up
as
pictures
ground
in
not
included
be
the
will
will
stump
upon
the
view
Stereo,
most
seen
that
the
near
answer.
a
hillside,and
should
glass a
for
subject
range,
shnibbery,
proof
a
view
partition,called
distant
a
There
pictures
two
the
requisites
stereoscope,
ground
object
principle
exactly alike, it
are
the
Some
view.
remote
the
to
the
in
mount.
on
the
selecting the
included
the
reflected
image
more
from
out
matched
central
points
through
seen
8-incli
x
through
of
are
the
in
camera
object
near
no
Such
5
a
division
pair
camera
place.
needed
is
stereoscopic view.
in
The
"
slioiilcl take
a
that
sure
is fastened
discernment
there
board
flanges.
Make
division,
Some
Them.
upright
an
front
the
into
special service.
stereo,
Mount
and
stereoscopic pictm'es
tlie
in
plate
Make
to
glass
are
well
in
place
of
the
of
ground glass.
As
should
lenses
on
keep
the
slide
and,
cloth
will
a
enter
proper
the
that
success
the
at
fallingover
tightly drawn
over
on
apertures
length
of
to
cloth
in
exposure,
the
quickly.
lenses
drop
lenses,and
out
the
Do
two
focusing
the
Now,
camera.
the
the
cover
Pull
them.
top of the
focusing
the
the
it
exposure
time, place
same
camera,
usual, lay
Raise
readiness.
After
as
to
made
be
top of the
cloth
light
essential
is
it
this
dark
all is in
so
that
simultaneously.
focusing
cloth
64
HOW
the lenses and
over
ChapterIV.
in
not
to
get one
for
TO
PICTURES.
MAKE
the dark slide. Follow directions
replace
but use
care
the developmentof the plate,
intense than the other ; in short,
treated the same
as any
other,until it
side of it more
negativeshould be
Take
a
from.
a
is readyto be printed
pieceof ground glass,
and upon it draw with a
than the stereo, negative,
triflelarger
in
lead pencilthe diagramshown
the
30.
figure
The
the lines E
D
from
the
of both
Fig. 30.
very
"
desirable size of
and the
should
C
be
base
each
between
distance
perpendicular
3|- inches,and
line to the
crown
arches,3|^inches.
proportionsmake
commonly called
pictures,
These
stereo
of
the
the
artisticy
film side
negative,
half
that the right-hand
so
glass
Lay
the
up, upon
will come
the marked
over
the
ground
right-hand
in the best porTake
thereon,and vice versa.
tion
penciled
that
the
the
With
move
care
of the sul:"ject.
negativeso
in both halves ; also
line A B will pass throughsimilar objects
CD
pass through
adjustthe negativeto have the perpendicular
a
sharpdefined lines or objectsin the righthalf. With
scratch on the negative,
using a straightpointedinstrument
edgedruler,the line A Z",also the line E. Shift the negative
C D will intersect pointsor objects
that the peiiJendicular
so
time
At the same
to those in the other half.
corresponding
coincide with, or be directly
the scratched base line must
above, the line A B on the ground glass.Now, scratch the
will l)e readyfor printing.
left-hand line E^ and the negative
and the
will show a black base line,
made
All of the prints
the printsface downward, and
Turn
two outside ones, E E.
half mark with a pencilthe
the back of the right-hand
upon
Now,
the left-hand picturethe letter R.
letter Z, and on
to have the face upward. It is to be hoped
the prints
reverse
3|-inches wide by 3|
that you have available a glassform
inches high,with an arch top. Set down this form upon each
that the lower edge will be on the line A
so
printalternately,
form
PICrTUKES.
STEREOSCOPIC
B^
a
and
side
one
is
trimmer
the
commendation
the
prints on
have
the
yourself of
the
the
face
of
the
will
copy
on
to
the
of
the
operation
Indeed,
imagine
is in
The
to
Always
cut
one
marked
L
the
right side,
good
by
the
the
able
mov-
In
is laid
dotted
lines
not
effect
on
lettering
on
prevent
is to make
after
this
chapter
experience.
is
will
be
The
stated
pronounced
why
reasons
enable
to
the
results.
of
that
all
think
that
precedes, and
he
has
mastered
fortifyingby experience
the
I
do
not
all there
teachings
book.
is
puqjose
furnish
a
to
enable
stepping
profound
will
be
made
the
stone
amateur
by
which
to
meet
books
with
more
success,
technical
and
intelligible
interestingto
Yery few, I think, wiU
non-professional photographer.
of this ti'uly
satisfied ^vith the rudiments
fascinating art.
and
you
view.
the
will
paper
enough
but
will
one
any
If
fine tissue
on
that
so
corner,
; also
with
of tissue paper
"
of
is true
same
card
stamp
print
can
negative
in
men
given,
photography
of this
and
that
it has
one.
by
secure
the
oi
son
Robin-
pictures.
hand
or
onion-skin
or
the
place shown
in the
contained
been
to
amateur
knife
that
of the
localityof
or
one
part of the
slower
quite elementary
not
print
any
a
in
on
center
so, you
picture
tissue
instiiiction
have
the
the
li
below
and
do
to
negative
Thin
printing
the
in
meet
negative, this piece
the
the
The
desirable
so
marked
printing press
a
of
name
figure30.
form.
card, put
one
above
choose
printing from
The
edges
two
the
on
the
side, and
tyjje,and
paper
prints
equal margin
avail
can
sharp
light of glass.
a
the
an
it is
because
a
photographers everywhere.
of
left-hand
have
and
the
closelyaround
cut
suggested
mounting
the
on
With
E.
lines
of the
one
trimmer
Robinson
In
on
g5
the
be
CHAPTEK
PHOTOGRAPHY
The
Granted
that
in
entomological and
and
aided
recorder, so
though
itself mnst
to
be
branches
many
by the
speak.
addition
As
I
am
of
of
in
study
a
camera
American
his observations.
that
Photographing
by
the
The
the
aid
research
and
as
microscopy
of
microscope
has
and
elaborate
making
used, that of
process
involved
the
sunlight,
terest
in-
a
but
l)e
reporter
novice,
a
said
this
on
Times
and
er.
with
applied chieflyto
greater
pathological,
interest,I will quote what is
gro\\-ing
of the
the July numl)er
Photographie
Photograph
him
enable
to
and
awakened,
with
subjectin
been
nietliod
convenient
correctlyreproduce tlie result of
it follows
this is now
practicable,
microscopy
wonderfully
a
MICROSCOPE.
THE
WITH
microscopistneeds
easilyand
to
XY.
collodion
for scientific
in connection
complished
ac-
and
magazines.
with
expensive heliostat to
produce a steady illumination,for with any less powerful light
would
tlie exposure
necessarilyIje so prolonged that the coating
Now
all this is
useless.
of the plate would
dry and become
im2)rovements in photography
changed, for with the modern
of
the
introduction
of gelatinedry plates,
which
the result
are
of
the
as
microscopic objects becomes
photographing
easy of
and
accomplishment as tlie photographing of the beautiful
fore
outfits. I thereis with the popular amateur
visible in nature
how
it can
be done
briefly,
yet fully,to describe
propose
of an
scopist,
inexpensive outfit. The scientist and microby means
of spending hours
in making
ings,
instead
imperfect drawaided
lucida,may in a few minutes, with
by the camera
the assistance of photography,produce a more
perfect representation
of a minute
of
object than it is possiblefor the hand
Not
with
the eye.
to do, working conjointly
man
only can an
formed
for
of
be
illustraa microscopic object
enlarged image
to
tration,but professorsin collegeswill find it a ready means
which
size
from
of
suitable
be
made
a
produce negatives
may
exhibition
for
classes
slides
to
lantern
transparenciesor magic
or
the
public.
procurement
of
l)een
costlyapparatus,
illustrations
wet
hitherto
an
rHOTOGRAPHY
The
necessary
The
Scovill
WITH
THE
for
requisites
those
]VnCEOSCOPE.
67
in possession
of a microscope
made for
are
a suitable artificial
camera
a half -plate
light,
this purpose, gelatine
and chemicals for developdry plates,
ment.
promptnessto
their usual
the art-science of
of a size to use
Manufacturing
Company have,with
meet
any new
constructed a
photography,
known
what are
has devised and
the addition of
as
and real want
suitable camera
the half and
m
quarter plates.The writer
lantern for dry plate
by
use, which
with
the
furnishes
for
a condenser
a
light use
that when
is
such
and
its
convenience
microscope,
arranged
patenteda
Fig,
the
furnishes
with
31.
(asshown in figure31) it
a
clear,
strong lightfor photographmg,and then a
red or non-actinic hghttor developing
the exposedplates,
out
withIf made use
any changebut a half reversalof the lantern.
the
of in
from which
all white light
is excluded
daytime,a room
microscopeand
should
camera
selected ; but if used at night,
in most
as
it would be,the operations
cases
may be all performed in the
midst of a familygroup for their interest and amusement, and
to impartto them
knowledgeof the minute life or organisms
be
microscopealone can reveal.
equi]3Having providedyourselfwith a photomicroscopic
of
in
multum
lantern
and
a
condenser,
ment, consisting
parvo
B
Scovill half -plate
some
a
4c^x 5^
Keystone plates,
camera,
also some
A plates,
for
to make
'S^x 4:^size,
negatives,
size,
the
to
and
set up
transparencies, necessary chemicals,proceed
inch thick,
about
the apparatus. First,procure a board one
of the world
which
the
triflewider than
the camera.
Screw
the under side in order to keep the upper STirface
battens on
flatand free from warping,tack on the sides a thin stripof
haK
inch above the surface,
it to project
an
wood, allowing
four feet in
lengthand
a
68
THE
WITH
PHOTOGRAPHY
MICK08C0PE.
that camera,
microscopeand lantern can all be kept m
it will be necessary in arrangingthe
line. To be successful,
apparatusfor the first time to do so with care, so that it can at
without a waste of time.
any future time be put in position
table or bench
a
Place the baseboard on
any flat surface
make four wooden
wedges,placethem under the sides near the
80
"
"
level proceedto level the surface both in
spirit
its width and length.Now, on the left hand end of the board
scope,
micro; in the middle of the board placethe
placethe camera
ters
with the tube set horizontally
; see if the eyepiececen-
end, and
with
a
If it does not and is lower,
the center of the camera.
ter
or raise it till its cenplacea thin iDoard under the microscope
then
and
to the center of the camera,
proceed
corresponds
it in
the
level
on
to test the tube of the microscopeby placing
be made so by
the direction of its length
; if not level it must
with
any
suitable
is found
that
means
to
center
baseboard, a readymeans
scope
be apphedto it. If the microthe
it rests on
with the camera
as
at any future
it in position
of placing
can
future
where
it stands and thus save
time is to mark
exactly
calculations. Adjustthe lantern so that the diaphragmof the
of the
condenser centers with and is in line with the objective
scope
the tube of the microthen finally,
by connecting
microscope,
is a
which
of
end
the
at
of the camera,
witli the cone
the apparatusis readyfor use.
cloth,
I have somewhat
minutelydescribed the firstarrangementof
of a proper adjustmentat
because neglect
the various parts,
sleeve of rubber
scribed,
beginningmight result in failure. When arrangedas defor future guidance,
of each marked
and the position
at any future
and quickly
these parts are
put together
easily
the
time, and the baseboard
I
use
and
can
port.
placedon any convenient supfour
as
against
jarring,
guards
be
recommend
rubber balls placedin the sunken
31.
blocks of wood, as shown in figure
hard
center
of four small
the reservoir
the lamp,after filling
all beingready,
light
head
than two-thirds full with good
lightoil :
not more
the top, let it burn a few minutes,
trim the wick square on
but not too high flame. Turn
the wick for a bright
then adjust
the lamp by the button underneath so that the reflectorthrows
at the
screen
the door without the porcelain
the
Now,
through
light
little and
the burner
a
to
view of the flame is presented
turn it so that a perspective
just
and microscope
tinewith the camera
; adthe eye when
on
a
the reflectorso that the center of reflection coincides with
left side of the lantern ; then
the center
of the white
unscrew
partof
be done by
can
(this
of lantern)
; then place
the flame
back
removingthe sliding
temporarily
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTORY
CHAPTER.
PAGS
its
Photography,
Amateur
and
scope
uses,
of
the
Apparatus,
and
cheapest
the
Plate
Holders
the
in
Darkened
the
f.nest,
11
-
-
20
...
.
the
Taking
HI.
Picture,
..........34
IV.
CHAPTER
of
Deveionment
Plates,
Gelatine
-.--..-28
V.
CHAPTER
Plates
Gelatine
a
Stock
;
ii'.so
treating
Bottle,
Developing
CHAPTER
the
Varnishing
Negative,
from
the
Negative,
on
Over-exposure,
and
ing
describ-
..-...-31
VI.
.-.-36
--...
CHAPTER
Printing
also
Room,
CHAPTER
Fixing
5
.
H.
CHAPTER
Filling
.
-
I.
CHAPTER
Description
-
-
VII.
-38
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER
VIII.
PAGK
Fixing
and
Toning^
Prints
Prints,
Blue
"
how
CHAPTER
and
Trimming
Borne
be
to
in
for
-.-.-..-46
Mind,
XI.
48
Ladies,
---------
CHAPTER
Useful
treating
Information,
how
describing
Slides
;
also
varied
on
make
to
topics.
how
Lantern
Magic
Measures,
51
-
XIV.
to
make
and
63
them,
mount
-
with
the
-
Xin.
CHAPTER
Phoiograpliy
and
them;
....-..-59
Photography,
Pictures,
among
and
Weights
of
CHAPTER
Stereoscopic
Fogging
Transparencies
Tables
giving
XII.
CHAPTER
Instantaneous
-
X.
CHAPTER
Photography
-
...-.--43
CHAPTER
Items
40
them,
IX.
Prints,
Mounting
make
to
.
.
XV.
Microscopej
66
.
.
.
_
_
-
-
DIRECTORY
OK
THE
in |}l)otograiiI|
1||atci
Jcalcrs
be
in the preceding pages may
enumerated
this
in
obtained
Directory
from any of the parties named
ManCelebrated
Scovill
{American
Co.'s
Apparatus,
Optical
board,
ufacturing Co.'s Goods, A. M. Collins,Son ^- Co.'s pure Cardat
a
nd
sold
are
manufacturers' pricesby any
etc.),
of them.
All articles
NEW
C.
H.
34
HEADaUAETEES
PHOTOGEAPHIC
ENGLAND
Sl
CODMAN
BBOMFIELD
OUTFITS,
Plates
Frames,
(all makes),
Grant
shown
freely
answered.
and all questions
gladly
CHEMICALS,
Price
List
Examine
"
SUPPLIES
AND
OUTFITS
Coods.
CO.,
FOR
Photographers.
Amateur
Agency
in
United
the
"'Amateurs
319
States
DARLOT
AND
VOIGTLANDER
Which
and
FRENCH
BENJAMIN
Sole
BOSTON.
Call
Free.
PHOTOGRAPHIC
PAPERS,
"c., ".C.
STBEET,
BBOMFIELD
and
AND
FRAMES
PRINTING
13
foi^
PHOTOGRAPHERS.
BOOKS,
Catalogue
3upplies
and
AMATEUR
PLATES,
Brown,
"
Outfits
Goods
"c.
Pictures,
GUARANTEED.
SATISFACTION
DRY
CO.,
BOSTON.
ST.,
^Ml^TEUE
Dry
!
will find
superior to
Washington
1
for
the
LENSES,
all others.
Street, Boston
"
WE
Prices.
various
AX
and.
Ob-emiosLls
-A.1SO,
OF
ASSORTMENT
AN
HAVE
-A. ooessories.
GIVEN.
INSTRUCTION
"
KELLOGG
BUTLER,
SUPPLIES,
AUT
St.,
Main
263
J".
j^isriDFLE^w
s:m:itk[.
STOCK
PHOTOGRAPHIC
R.
PROVIDENCE,
We
keep
a
full line of
low
PLA.TE
DRY
as
any
CHARGE
the
to
which
we
are
selling
as
Boston.
Trade.
FOR
EQUIPMENTS
4z
or
YOUR
SOLICITED.
ORDERS
THE
AMATEUR.
HENDRICKS,
FRANCIS
]Sro.
I.
and PHOTOGRAPHERS.
BOXING.
FOR
COMPLETE
York
New
Pertaining
Everything
NO
in
House
for AMATEURS
OUTFITS
DEPOT,
MATERIALS,
PHOTOGRAPHIC
Conn.
Hartford,
East
Street,
Fayette
N.
Syracuse,
"
Y.
IN
DEALER
MATERIALS,
PHOTOGRAPHIC
and Chemicals,
Frames and Mats,
Apparatus
Over
72
State
Estimates for
Street,
Wet
Outfits,
or
Rochester,
1^. Y.
Dry,promptlyfumislied.
HOOD
WILSON,
JlAl'E
AND
DRY
WET
AND
ALL
Instructions
L\
ROOM
825
NEEDED.
Plates
USE
OF
OUR
STRKET,
ARCH
PRICE
OUTFITS,
MATERLA.LS
FOR
LISTS
PHILADELPHIA.
FREE.
L. Wilson,
912 8"c914 Chestnut
Street,
IPHILADELPHIA,
Editor and Publisher of the
"C
'Sj.
"Philadelphia
Photographer."
J".
BOOKS.
J="J3J'
"]MANUFACTURINa
OUTFITS
ALL
AND
MICROSCOPES
"
^"
Philadelphia,
FOR
AMATEURS,
ACCESSORIES,
by
Photo.-MirrograpJiy
for
|"-
OPTICIANS,
Street,
Chestnut
PHOTOGRAPHIC
Apparatus
Stereo. Views.
PHOTOGRAPHIC
PUBLISHER
[
PA.
Slides and
1016
Developed.
CUSTOMERS.
FURNISHED
Edward
Lantern
CO.
STOCK
BLATE
Griven.
DARK
No.
AL^'AVS
"
Lamplight.
Outfitsat List Prices.
All the Scovill Company's
Wolf
"
821
Bllbert
FREK.
LISTS
PRICE
ILI..TJSrR.A.1^H:D
Cheyney,
St., Philadelphia,
Dealers
[Requisi
1^ all Kindsof Photographic
OUTFITS.
AMATEUR
And
to
all Specialties
Necessary
3
Dry
Plate
Photography.
CARBUTT'S
Varnish.
ISTesative
Keystone
sale
I.ANTEKN,
PAKVO
IN
MULTUM
For
PLATES,
DKY
KEYSTONE
by all Dealers
and
CUJESTNVI
628
A.
SON
COLLINS,
M.
J. CAR
BUTT,
ST., PHITjADM1,PBIA.
Mannfactnrer,
the
CO.,
"
OF
MANUFACTUUKKS
CARD-BOARD,
PHOTOGRAPHIC
i"xm:E3.
Philadelphia,Pa.
Street,
527 Arch
NYCE,
W.
ARTHUR
Street,
Baltimoi'e
W.
119
MD.
BALTIMORE,
I
have
any
I will sell
Call and
all
as
see
cheap
me
as
and
of
styles
OyTFITS,
ATEUR
RELBABLE
which
and
"-;-"::
the makers
(the Scovill Manufacturing
attention.
will
receive
3'ou
LISTS
PRICE
DESCRIPTIVE
pany).
Com-
FREE.
CO.,
OHIO,
CINCINNATI,
ANJJ
OHIO,
COLUMBUS,
Prompt
and
Attention
Careful
4
to
Orders.
OF
MANUFACTURERS
"
76
78
COMPANY,
PLATE
DRY
CRYSTAL
IND.
INDIANAPOLIS,
ORDER
OUR
PLATES
FROM
Street,
York
Neiv
West
DEALER.
STOCK
PHOTO.
ANY
Complete
in the West of A. M.
"Assortment
Most
Son " Co.'s Card Stock,American
Collins,
for the Amateur.
Co.'sApparatus,
Supplies
'optical
Every"^
!^thingpertaining
on hand
to the Art Photographic
constantly
*^
^
.
at
Pricesthat cannot be beaten
and
forPrice List,
C.
N.
us
give
THAYER
46,48"
for
THE
DRY
OHIOAQO
2228
Or
to
DOUGLASS,
229
Gavton
Heney
and
CO-
the Most
them
be
may
sent
Popular,
BE.
TO
OUGHT
to
" MANUFACTURING
PLATE
INDIANA
Dealers
trialorder.
a
"
are
THEY
Orders
Send
one.
50 Jackson St.
The Beetle Dry Plates
BECAUSE
by any
AVE.,
CHICAGO,
Materials.
Photo.
in
TIIOMI'SON
231
State
CO.,
"
CO.,
Street,
^^T~I "1 f^i^
a. Douglass.
G. Thompson.
MERCHANTS
CY(^
IN
ofPliotoEra
totheArt-Sciencj
lw]\\\ii
Fertainiii
attfiition and
special
g ml nitons instructions
6
given to amateurs
and
professionals.
non-
c.
IT.
Now
mcE
the spacious
Warerooms
occupies
CHICAGO,
And
offers
ILL.,
in
everything
Photographers^
DRY
PLATE
OUTFITS
MAKES
OF
OF
EVERY
DRY
of
hne
Supplies^
DESCRIPTION,
PLATES,
invited
verybodyis cordially
11
the
AT
to call and
Grrand.
AND
BOTTOM
ALL
STANDARD
PRICES.
send
PRICE
for
LISTS.
^venne,
WIS.
MILWAUKEE,
DEALER
IN
Mat^ria^
#ft""togra^ftia
OF
EVERY
DESCRIPTION.
JAMES
SMITH
H.
Sells
DESCRIPTION
PHOTOGRAPHIC
GOODSofevery
MANUFACTURERS'
AT
jSend
Pr,ice
I^istof
Dex^ot, 26
South
foi\
PRICES.
Fifth Street,
ILL.
G^QUINCY,
J.
C.
^3
SOMERVILLE,
St. I(Otii^,
}lo.
1009 Olive Sti'eet,
DEALEK
Ec^uipments.
Amateur
IN
ALL
GOODS
Photographer
RKqCIRED
and
BY
THE
Amateur.
HI-Z-j^TT,
Ji^.
T3:.
Successor
to
"
"
GATCHEL
IN
DEALER
HYATT,
"
MERCHANDISEbvV DESCRIPTION
PHOTOGRAPHIC
411
No.
North
OUTFITS
AMATEUR
The
the
"Photo.
Art, and
our
News,"
new
Street, St. Louis,
Fourth
A
SPECIALTY.
information
containing valuable
free
catalogue, mailed
illustrated
Mo.
for
both
old
and
in
young
application. Send
on
on
your
names.
CDBdJ^Tl
IFOSS,
i"r tlje
^matijtti;
ju|iplits
iJlldtdiniiiiljei;*'
|}t"f^5"i
jr
841 JVfig^ioii
gtt'eet,
NearU.S.MiDt,
Sail
Cal.
Francisco,
g|0titgfafMt lt||"i$ltt
JOHN
San
DALL,
H.
Francisco,
-
Cal,
WOODARD,GURKE " GO.,
Cor. f^ii'^t
kr,dSldei'gt^.,
PORTLAND,
-
OREGON
IN
ESTABLISHED
1870.
anil ^mci;iran
^itttcs
^Jljotaf
^Ijr
|}[}ot0firapljif
419
"l-
421
BI1003IE
YORK.
NEW
THE
ORGAN
$2.00
OF BOTH
per
STREET,
" PROFESSIONAL
AMATEUR
PHOTOGRAPHER.
Single
annum.
GUSTAV
E.
25c.
PELLNITZ,
Street, New
Centre
249
Copies,
York,
Goods
Photographic
FOR
THE
Amateui;and ProfessionalPhotographer.
DEUTSCHES
AND
BARGAINS
GESCHAFT.
IN
ESTABLISHED
EXCHANGES.
1802.
Scovill Manufacturing
Co.,
Street,
419 " 421 Broome
Inquire of
any
for information
will
he
of the
Dealers
concerning
freely given;
YORK.
NEW
W. Irving Adams, Agt.
also
in
named
Amateur
Catalogues
this
Directory
Photography
and
and
Circulars
it
taining
per-
to
Am.
Op. Co.'s Apparatus, A.
Card Stock, and
M. Collins. Son " Co.'s
Scovill's Amateur
Outfits.
THE
SCOVILL
i
Portable
DryPlate
Outfits
FOR
Old
AMATEURS.
'T'HE
introduction
and
first met
Plates
Dry
and
be easily carried
by
demand
a
for
the
to
lightand
demand
That
about.
pact
com-
cipated
anti-
we
especiallydesigned
of apparatus
the introduction
them
impetus given by
the
Photography, created
that could
apparatus
for the
of
of Amateur
cause
StyleEquipment.
New
styleEquipnent.
of amateurs.
use
"
When
announced
we
and
Carrying Case,
Outfit
an
good Lens,
a
it is destined
began, and
to
comprising
for $10,
a
raphy
Photog-
Amateur
in
era
new
a
henceforth
be
Camera, Holder, Tripod,
popular and cultivating
a
recreation.
The
used
"can
Cameras
and
make
we
approved by
with
compare
and
by
what
is
has
by
won
copied after
it.
not
toys
mere
they have
"
this
See
finish.
It is in
Be not
wide-spreadreputation.
that your
bears
apparatus
apparatus
all parts of the
in
use
been
in
Factor}',
Optical Co.'s
American
our
elegance of
merit
by
are
photographers. Certainly no
eminent
that made
durability,
accuracy
globe, and
for amateurs
deceived
the brand
of
our
factory.
The
Nk
of white
The
202
wood,
and
finished
improvements
and
;
style,there
Every
stained
76
with
Cameras
Outfit
highestexcellence
of the
made
Ultra
Plus
they are
accurate
in imitation
204
Cameras
fine
French
and
a
;
nothing made
article enumerated
mahogany,
made
"c.
or
tures
produce pic-
respect, and
have
Spanish
all the
For compactness,
hogany,
ma-
latest
portability
them.
our
are
ebonizcd.
of selected
Catalogue has
10
to
in every
polish. They
equal to
in this
of
are
swing back, foldingbed,
is
warranted
are
guarantee.
NE
PLUS
ULTRA
APPARATUS
OUTFITS,
AllArliiies
ofwliicli
Acciiralt'
inEvery
arc Warraiiled
Respect.
OUTFIT
View
A
4
X
Camera
with
A, price $10 00, comprises
rubber
1
1
"
1
Carrying
Waterbury"
View
Camera,
Achromatic
Nickel
for
making
1
1
Carr\ing Case.
1
Camer.\
This
Lens.
2
for
00, comprises
for
taking 5x8
inch
pictures,with
also
Plated
Lens.
C, price $18 50, camprises
making
5x8
Camera
full size
Plated
same
OUTFIT
View
also
B, price SI
styleas A Camera
Patent
Double
Dry Plate Holder,
Folding Tripod.
Nickel
"Waterbury" Achromatic
1
the
rigid platform,
Case.
OUTFIT
A
and
pictures,with
Patent
Double
Dry Plate Holder,
Folding Tripod.
1
A
bellows
.")inch
is constructed
of the plate(5 x 8
inch
so
as
pictures.
to
make
either
a
Cabinet
Picture
on
inches),or by substitutingthe extra front
(supplied with the outfit)and using the pair of le-nses of shorter focus, it
is admirably adapted for taking stereoscopicnegatives,also by the same
rangement
arsmall pictures, 4x5
inches each, of dissimilar
two
objects can
be made
in this outfit are
the one
also
on
plate. Included
1 Patent
Double
Dry Plate Holder.
1 Large "Waterbury"
Nickel
Plated
Lens.
Achromatic
1 Pair
Matched
Achromatic
"Waterbury"
Stereoscopic Lenses.
1 Folding Tripod.
1 Carring Case.
"
.
OUTFIT
1 View
Camera
1 Patent
1
1
1
D, price$13 50, comprises
making 64 x 84
Dry Plate Holder,
for
Double
"Waterbury" Achromatic
Folding Tripod.
Carrying Case.
inch
Nickel
Plated
EQUIPMENT
Consisting
of Apparatus
Outfit
1 Scovill Focusing Cloth.
4x5
1 dozen
Dry Plates.
Complete
of Apparatus
1 Scovill
1 dozen
A, with
1 W.
1 Scovill
1 dozen
A.
Lantern.
Ruby
Outfit
B-B.
B, with
1 W.
Outfit
Focusing Cloth.
Drj' Plates.
Complete for
L
A.
field service, Price,
EaUIPMENT
Consisting
L
for field service, Price, $12 25.
Focusing Cloth.
5x8
Dry Plates.
Complete for
of Apparatus
Lens.
A-A.
EaUIPMENT
Consisting
pictures, with
also
C, with
1 W.
Ruby Lantern,
$15 00.
C-C.
L
A.
Ruby
Lantern.
5x8
field service. Price,
11
$21 50.
s
JTlIRE \J HEMICILS
COTILL'S
ACCESSORIES,
AND
We
offer for
with
use
either N.
P. U.
Outfit "A,"
a wooden
202, the followinggoods packed securelyin
2
1
1
1
1
1
4x5
4 oz.
Graduate,
5 in. jap.Scales and Weights,
Bromide
Ammonium,
lb. Neutral
Oxalate
Potash,
oz.
"
Protosulphate Iron,
Hyposulphate Soda,
"
For
Pans
P. U.
COMPLETE,
Outfits
goods
same
Plates
and
N.
with
use
suppl)-the
with
for the 4x5
P.
"B"
the
and
COMPLETE,
.$7.50.
Outfit
and Mounting4x5
Printing
Blue Print Pictures,
1 Glass
Form
(fortrimming prints).
1 Robinson's
StraightTrimmer.
i Pint Jar Parlor Paste.
1 1 inch Paste Brush.
Paper.
Price
A. O. Co. Outfit 203,
the substitution
of 5 x 8
and
Paper
Printing Frame.
Pan.
1 4i x 54 S. P. C. Vulcanite
3 dozen
4x55.
siate
P. C. Ferro.-Prussheets
"C,"
exception of
14x5
2 dozen
$0.50.
Ferro.-Prussiate
C.
For
"
size.
PRICE,
S.
6i
x
Sh Card
Outfits
:
"
PRICE,
we
A. O. Co.
1 lb. Alum,
1 oz. Sulphuric Acid,
1 bottle Varnish,
1 doz. 4 x5 Dry Plates,
1 Scovill Note
Book,
1
Focusing Cloth,
1 W. I. A. Ruby Lantern.
Japanned Pans,
set
1
or
case
-board.
complete,$2 80.
packed in
Securely
Ferro-PrussiatePaperOutfitfor
a
Paper Box.
and Mounting
5x8
Printing
Blue Print Pictures.
above, but with Printing Frame, Vulcanite
Card-board
adapted to 5 x 8 Pictures.
Price complete,
$3 50. Securelypacked in a Paper Box.
This
liay,
Outfit is like
Ferro.-Prussiate
the
one
Paper, and
t"^^^~^^^
s"
Sensitized
Albumen
p.
and Mounting
PaperOutfitfor Printing,
Toning,
Fixing
4x5
14x5
15x7
1 5i
Pictures.
Printing Frame.
Porcelain
Pan Deep.
X 4i S. P. C. Vulcanite
Tray.
bumen
Al2 dozen 5x 8 S. P. C. Sensitized
Paper.
1 bottle French
)
for
Azotate,
"
1
Chlor. Gold, 7i gr. f toning.
1 2 Ounce
Graduate.
Price
c.
complete,$i
75.
1 lb. Hj'posulphate of Soda.
2 dozen
sheets 6^ x 8^ Card-board
with Gilt Form.
Paste.
1 ^ Pint Jar Parlor
1 1| inch Bristle Brush.
1 Glass
Form
(fortrimming prints).
1 Robinson's
Straight Trimmer.
packed in
Securely
12
a
Paper Box.
American
Optical Company's
ApparatusOutfits.
This
in
is manufactured
apparatus
New
York
City under
diate
imme-
our
men,
personal supervision; and, as we employ only highly skilled workselected
but
the
choicest
do
tate
hesiand use
not
we
materials,
nothing
that the products of our
to assert
factoryare unequaled in durability,
of workmanship, and
excellence
styleof finish. This fact is now
freely
in
this
conceded
not
only
country but throughout Great Britain, Germany,
Australia, and
South
America.
OUTFIT
202,
No.
CONSISTS
Mahogany
A
OO,
price $27
OF
Camera
for taking pictures 4 .\ o inches, with
Body, single swing, hinged bed, and brass guides. It has
for adjustingthe sky and foreground,with
Double
Dry Plate Holder ; also,
Carrj'ingCase.
Extension
Tripod.
Polishkd
Folding Bellows
front
a shifting
1 Patent
1 Canvas
1 Scovill
No.
OUTFIT
203,
CONSISTS
A
Mahogany
Folding
price
$41
00,
OF
in the
C.'VMKra, fullydescribed
Optical
American
as the '76 Camera
(seeillustration. )
Company's Catalogue, and well known
also for stereoscopic
It is adapted for taking 5 x 8 inch pictures, and
views"
togetherwith
1 Patent Double
Dry Plate Holder, also
1 Canvas
Carrying Case.
1 Scovill Extension
Tripod.
OUTFIT
204,
No.
of
consists
A
64
Folding
8i inch
X
Mahogany
Camera
.$50.00,
price
of
finest
finish
style and
for
taking
pictures,with
1 Double
Dry Plate Holder, with
I Canvas
Carrying Case.
1 Scovill Extension
Tripod.
We
Lens
or
recommend
Lenses
Cameras
Pocket
Cameras,
the
selected
for
and
purchase
from
the
list on
Artist
Photo-Micrography,
made
to
use
the
order.
14
with
next
or
the
above
outfits
of
page.
Detective
Cameras,
and
a
MORRlSON^S
Wide
AngleView
-
PATENTED
MAY
Lenses.
1872.
21,
^
Q
PI
"'
^.
nmfc
II
CO
m
liif'i iiii
Q
0
[:
PI
z
w
p]
CL
These
t_
Lenses
^
ommend
for
them
an
absolutely rectilinear ; they embrace
lenses made.
the most
rapid widt'-angle
are
[j] fullylOU degrees, and
use
are
angle
We
of
rec-
the foregoing outfits.
with
I"
50
PI
w
PRICE
OF
MORRISON'S
WIDE-ANGLE
LENSES.
^
J^
2
No.
1, J diam.
No.
2, 1
3, 1
4, 1
No.
J
tj
Price.
No.
of lens, 4
.x 4 in.
4x5"
"
plates,
"
"
"
*
'"
44
X
7^
"
5"
X
8
"
8 in.
equiv. focus, each, $35
?,\
"
"
"
4i
"
"
"
oi
"
"
"
25
25
25
00
00
PI
nrj
^
00
pi
00
Q
H
"
0
r
""
h
o
MorrlsoiVs
d
Rapid
Stereoscopic
INSTANTANEOUS
FOR
VIEWS
OR
LAWN
Lenses
^
^
GROUPS
[-1 Are entirelydifferent in many
particularsfrom any other lenses in the
C/3 marlcet.
Thej- are li inches focus and 1^ inch in diameter, and of course
W
in matched
be obtained
can
pairs,if desired.
By using a set of diaphragms
W
for
5x8
views.
are
adapted
malting
provided they
A
novel
and
ingenious
drop
principleas
^
provided, passing "-}
0
a central
stop, by which
to
made, sharp all over
i
m
W
each, $40 00
PRICE
2
is also
instantaneous
W
through the brasswork, on the same
rC absolutelyinstantaneous views, 4x5
inches, may be
f-" the very edges, without being diaphragmed down.
"-
^
Jlj
^
*
n
"
"Peerlfss"
OnirtActlnj
Leases,
Stereoscopic
'^
OR
PI
i4
VIEWS.
S
also furnish the following,either singleor in pairs:
Lenses
are
especiallydesigned for StereoscopicPhotography, and
well for interiors or exteriors.
constructed
that they will work
so
work.
adapted for instantaneous
They are particularly
We
The
2
"~j
PORTRAITURE
FOR
0
O
Q
are
can
Diameter
of
Lenses,
l^ inch
;
length,8i inches.
substitutingthe front combination,
focal
By removing the back lens and
focal length of 5A inches is obtained.
They are supplied with six Waterhouse
Price, per pair
Imitation
Dallmeyer
ALL
Lenses
STYLES
for
diaphragms
Landscapes.
OF
LENSES
in
morocco
Price, per pair
TO
ORDER.
C
y)
fi)
a
case.
$25
r:
^
00
$17 00
THE
Amateur
Photographic
By J. TRAILL
TAYLOR.
o
CD
C/3
CD
0
S=i
CD
o
o
"
CD
1/1
t3
CJI
o
o
"
"-I
f-t
CD
C+1/2
A
BOOK
REFERENCE
OF
FOR
YOUNG
^ttTzer
THE
PHOTOGRAPHER,
JPrqfessiorictl
MFC.
SCOVILL
^19
or
"
421
ArrLCLteuur.
CO.,
Broome
NEW
16
Street,
YOBK.