1. religion and spirituality
2. christianity
3. catholicism

INSTITUTE
BIBLE
PHILLIPS
SERIES
Text-books for Bibli Schools and Churches
of Efficiency
How
Promote
to
Union
Christian
An
Historical
Handbook
Practical
and
BY
FREDERICK
D.
of Texas
Ex- President
Author
of
M.A., LL.D.
KERSHNER,
"The
Christian
Religion
"Christian
Baptism,"
University
of
Christ,"
etc.
CINCINNATI
The
Standard
PublishingCompany
1916
Copyright,
Publishing
Standard
The
THE
Company
YORK
NEW
LIBRARY
PUBLIC
747646
ASTOR^
TILO"N
S^
LENOX
FOUwOATtONS
19
\7
AND
;
J
j
Lj
CONTENTS
PAGE
FOREWC"lD
5
The
Original
11.
The
Apostasy
27
III.
The
Reformation
43
IV.
Religious
I.
Unity
Conditions
Hundred
V.
The
9
America
in
One
Ago
Years
63
Movement
Restoration
ginning
Be-
Its
"
79
VI.
The
Restoration
Movement
tinued)
(Con97
VII.
VIII.
IX.
The
New
Testament
Hindrances
The
Basis
Unity.
of
117
137
Unity
to
Profitableness
of
United
a
Church
X.
The
157
Forces
Which
Are
Making
for
Unity
XL
XII.
Forces
177
Making
for
Interdenominational
Prospect
Bibliography
A
and
Retrospect
197
(Continued)
Unity
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
"
217
235
FOREWORD
Christian
the
unity
longing
are
after
Could
it.
of
favor
union
of
slanders
"We
the
have
older
of
seen
for
age
with
say
travail
the
of
a
tury
cen-
in
exists
persecutions
the
and
groping
it"
which
people
forget
munions
com-
sentiment
universal
Christ's
well
all
fathers
almost
of
might
they
to-day,
it, praying
of
passion
in
women
Restoration
the
the
and
for
the
observe
ago
reHgious
great
Men
day.
present
the
is
of
prophet,
the
and
souls,
our
and
are
satisfied."
The
and
whatever
and
great
of
of
prayer
cause
of
the
found
its
in
with
author.
an
barest
the
intrinsic
than
rather
That
this
some
even
which
is
which
subject
own.
bled
gar-
volume,
from
possesses
its
the
Only
little
this
was
again,
history.
forward
may
the
measure
it
graces
any
presentation
wish
merit
richness
and
through
in
which
unity
being
now
sketched
are
worth
is
fascinating
and
outlines
pristine
the
and
lost,
instructive
draws
of
story
it
deals,
brief
slight
is
the
I
The
Original Unity
CHAPTER
OUTLINE"
1.
I
Denominationalism
and
Early
the
Church.
2.
The
Words
3.
The
Testimony
4.
The
5.
A
6.
Other
7.
The
8.
Summary
Himself.
Jesus
of
Paul.
of
Organization
of
the
Church.
Church.
Apostolic
Typical
Churches.
Primitive
Unity
of
and
the
Conclusion.
Early
Churches.
Apostolic
I
I.
DenominationaUsm
No
the
and
ar
be
which
vogue
body^
and
has
argument
fact
obvious
single
the
that
New
New
its
members,
Testament
that
a
one
of
said
in
and
staunchest
distinctions
insufficient
make
M
So
Cor.
12:
no
14-28.
the
of
bits
is
this
at
one
denominational
of
ences
differ-
human
frailty,
understanding
or
insufficient
who
The
of
secration."^
con-
editor's.)
defends
nowadays
defend
do
of
pretense
"
fact
time
somewhere
the
of
bodies,
''Denominational
badges
are
ring
refer-
easy
was
a
individuals
patent
what
to
and
separate
of
The
writing
"
of
of
species
fault
Scarcely anybody
Those
figure
somebody's
(Italics
tionalism.
this
Corinth
one
editorial:
signifying always
either
is
exegesis.
recent
a
but
of
journal, representing
the
Paul's
was
of
once
tional
denomina-
Apostle
that
not
can
disappeared.
ministries
congregation,
it
entirely
the
diverse
clearly
so
and
to
appeal
almost
is
one.
apologetics
sectarian
an
"
of
orig-
was
that
type
a
by
that
Christ
of
Testament
was
congregation
to
in
pristine unity
justified
divisions
the
rj.-^^
There
questioned.
in
Church
the
in
emphasized
the
that
doubts
one
i^al
urc
y
UNITY
ORIGINAL
THE
Continent,
9
it, with
claiming
issue
of
Aug.
denomina-
few
its
21,
tions,
excep-
apostolic
1913.
HOW
10
TO
A
character.
puts the
PROMOTE
CHRISTIAN
prominent
matter
Protestant
this wise:
on
propaganda
is not
constructive
conservatism.
radical
^
tr-
Himself
Jesus
It
destructive.
It
the
conserves
is
original
^
The
T
unity
Church
of
did
Christ
of
Words
The
2,
Episcopalian
Christian
*'The
nor
of the Church."
constitution
UNION
i^ot
ir
mto
come
existence
as
an
organization until after
of
the
descent
the Holy Spirit on
the
day of
Pentecost.
None
the less, throughout the ministry
of Jesus, there were
frequent anticipationsof the
external
Church
be.
to
After
Peter's
great confession
at
Caesarea
Philippi,Jesus said, ''Upon this rock [the
truth uttered by Peter] I will build my
church."''
of
Again, in another place, in regard to a matter
he advises his disciplesto tell it to the
discipline,
church.^
Everywhere
suggested
it is
inationaHsm
is
the
idea
unitary. The
is
mentioned
thought of
or
denom-
utterly foreign to the Jesus of the
Gospels.
It
than
is in
in
the
the
Gospel of
John, however,
Synoptics,that
we
find
the
rather
principle
thoroughly developed. The
great
intercessoryprayer* has long been acknowledged
the subject. In
of Jesus upon
to be the final word
he is
be one
as
praying that his disciplesall may
of
unity
with
one
him, the
most
the
ideal
of
Christian
explicitthat there is
The
most
*
'Matt.
"The
vehement
Manifestation
16: 16-18.
and
Father,
"
Matt.
advocate
Unity,"
18: 17.
*
John
Father
with
one
unity is rendered
further
no
of
the
of
by
17.
need
of
so
definition.
denominationalism
Bishop
C.
P.
Anderson.
ORIGINAL
THE
will
scarcely dare
with
has
the
that
argue
the
represent
sects
The
Testimony
3. The
of
^^
he
that
congregations
the
under
the
not
be
their
diverse
and
does
have
discover
carefully to
which
Petrine
he
in
for
fondness
In
respective tenets.
Pauline
a
faction, an
following,
it
the
tendency
"beseeches"
thing," to
a
of
name
finally
and
Christ.^
analyze this situation
to
Apostle
the
factions
certain
solely the
produced
The
condemning
a
claimed
not
be
to
direct
a
denominational
the
upon
their
or
came
which
same
of
planting
have
we
Corinth
at
existence
teachers
Apollonian party,
tones
that
church
the
there
group
and
was
In
individual
way
the
varied
position upon
basing
arose,
will
its character
in
Paul's
of
question.
the
of
assuredly in a position to
acteristic
the subject. It is charauthority upon
with
record
It
most
fortunate
firm
one
was
advocates
with
pioneer
a
circumstances, he
One
Christ
him.
Paul
Church.
familiar
was
As
organization.
a
warring
which
with
^^^^^
^^^
and
Paul
denied
this
unity
Apostle
early
speak
of
Father
the
or
11
separate
sort
same
Father
UNITY
precisely the
did
to
the
eliminate
not
mince
schism.
ditions
con-
same
Christian
various
very
inations.
denomin
matters
In
kindly
but
Corinthians
"to
speak
"divisions"
and
to
be
and
mind
"perfectlyjoined together in the same
in
the
same
judgment." Very emphatically he
and
which
Luther
tone
using the same
argues,
Campbell used centuries later: "Is Christ divided?
1
Cor.
1: 10-17.
12
HOW
Was
TO
Paul
in the
crucified
of
name
In
PROMOTE
his
for
Paul
letter
CHRISTIAN
you?
or
UNION
were
baptized
ye
^
?"
the
church
Ephesus he
ing
emphasizes the same
necessityfor unity,admonishthe Ephesians ''to keep the unity of the Spirit
in the bond
of peace," and
fortifyinghis request
is one
by saying: "There
body, and one
Spirit,
called in one
even
as
hope of your calling;
ye are
God
one
Lord, one
and
faith, one
baptism, one
Father
of
which
for
to
is
is not
scarcely
the Laodiceans
with
the
to
the Galatians
another, take
one
of
another."
be
like-minded
"to
to
heed
*
The
In
beware
to
of
"
and
questions,knowing
the
Titus
divisions."
M
15:5,6.
Cor.
"1
of
servant
is also
Tim.
his
admonished
are
another
may
with
even
the
according
mind
one
Father
is the
same
and
of
our
ing
unceas-
schism.
to
avoid
"foolish
that
they
the
Lord
2
6:5.
is in
Eph.
'2
4:4-6.
Tim.
2:23.
unlearned
'
gender strifes,"
not
strive."
against schism
nothing more
fact
s
do
and
"must
warned
especially
There
1:12.
referring
Timothy is warned
of
"perverse disputings of men
the
corrupt minds,"
and
Romans
Jesus Christ."'
the Pastoral Epistlesthere
condemnation
and
together in love."'
"knit
toward
one
Jesus: that ye
mouth
glorify God,
Lord
pleading
that "if ye bite and devour
that ye be not
consumed
Christ
one
this constant
letters
well, the Apostle exhorts
as
one
Pauline
Colossians
followers that they remain
warns
the
of
one
saturated
unity. Writing
He
at
all." '
us
There
to
Col.
2:2.
s
*
Tit. 3:9.
Gal.
5:15.
and
charb
Rom.
ORIGINAL
THE
conception of
acteristic in Paul's
his ideal of
Christianitythan
perfect unity. Paul was
and
complete
anything but
13
UNITY
denominationalist.
a
The
"church"
word
times in the New
^\^^^^^'
The^
eighty-five
Chu'r
Apos"tolic
ch
4.
cases
word
Christians
eighteen other
general way as referringto
the
the saints, something on
is
There
in
a
for
fundamental
tical
ecclesias-
external
title of
the
under
ever,
is, how-
There
Testament.
"churches"
mentioned
denominations.
separate
findingits realization
"churches"
everywhere.
in
unity,
and
the shackles
from
Thus
at
ideal
one
there
the
same
a
formal
of
no
ical
separate geograph-
in
church
fundamental
is
There
the
by
geographicalcongregations and
Apostles are
freedom
"Church
our
unity presupposed throughout;
the
example,
sense
New
the
of
order
great
no
of
general assembly
a
organization mentioned
"church,"
assembly of
we
In
Universal."
of the 1 14 the
out
usually style a congregation.
in a
it is used
broad,
cases
what
or
In
Testament.
local
a
means
114
occurs
existed
a
entire
time
ecclesiastical
^
organization."
The
constitution
gospel in
heard
open
the
and
message
of
Vedder's
their
Jesus preached
Men
believed
belief
was
and
it.
and
women
They
were
the
made
baptized.
agement
encourtogether for mutual
inspiration,such
gathering consti-
they
and
See
of
given community.
a
confession
Thereafter
apostolic Church
the
follower
A
simple.
very
of
met
"Church
History,"
Vol.
I.,
pp.
24, 25.
HOW
14
tuting
PROMOTE
TO
ccclcsia
an
was
very
was
the
in
there
was
or
first
Apostles
missionary
string the
Supper there
to
first officers mentioned
been
given
Paul,
the
we
elders,
coincided.
words
two
the
to
may
the
hear
of
of
the
Jewish
"overseer"
the
as
With
elders,
the
was
of
meaning
exception
of
zation
exceedingly simple organi-
the
and
who
Later, after
deacons.
of
tour
seven/
the
were
appointed evidently after the manner
The
name
''bishop"or
synagogue.
sometimes
Supper,
worship: prayer/ songs/
like.
Of regular organization
the
have
not
may
which
Lord's
little. The
very
of the
outside
the
Lord's
of
features
exhortations/ and
the
upon
from
Aside
other
were
of
thread
originalecclesia
Its principal feature
structure.
a
UNION
The
observance
regular
meetings.
church.
or
simple
furnished
which
CHRISTIAN
these
officers
Church
appointment, the early
was
practicallywithout any "polity" as that
All
siastical
the
is generally used.
complex eccle-
term
of
machinery
this
their
in
involved
later
simple origin.
^*
^!^^
,.
Apostolic
tains
,
main
of
such
interfere
with
the
not
Acts
^
of
is in
interest of the book
if
have
record
only
2: 42.
both
-.,..,,
mdividual
sions
conver-
new
even
but,
detail
considerable
in
religionand also the history of
congregations. Perhaps
separate
the
growth
Apostles con-
1
Church
the
to
of the
Acts
The
"
grafted upon
was
years
is
case,
historical
vivid
^Eph.
the
5:19.
a
features
pictures of
3
1 Cor.
14: 26.
the
*
the
biographical,
sense
the
the
fact
does
involved.
not
We
religiouslives
Acts
6: 3-6.
of
Paul, but
and
Peter
of
the
flash-lightview
and
Antioch
Ephesus.
named
city
characteristic
fourfold
famous
in Luke's
church
The
its
of
least
at
a
Jerusalem,
in
churches
first-
the
in
The
greatest detail.
in
of
also
have
we
statement,
conversion
the
upon
described
is
15
UNITY
ORIGINAL
THE
activitymay be found
following immediately
thousand
three
the
upon
sted"And
they continued
day of Pentecost:
fastlyin the apostles'doctrine and fellowship,and
in prayers." Here
we
in breaking of bread, and
the
the
substance
in
have
of
germ
the
whole
church
of
"apostles'doctrine" or teaching
involve
dogma or theology, for
had
of Galilee never
fishermen
theology
any
not
philosophers
they were
specialsignificance;
in
any
organization. The
evidently did not
the
the
doubtless
was
mean
in
of
sense
regard
the
to
What
word.
the
body
duties
and
the
did
term
practicalteaching
of
obligations of
life
occupied the attention of Jesus so
extensively in his ministry. Original Christianity
was
every-day affair. It dealt almost entirely
a very
of actual experiwith the duties and relationships
ence:
not
it was
speculative,but practical. The
later,after Greek philosophy
speculativeperiod came
tians
the early ChrisWhen
had permeated the Church.
had
which
"believed
in
the
later
the
New
Christ,"
Testament,
theology
atonement,
on
as
they
of
the
creeds
the
incarnation
"
we
did
read
not
dogmas
and
the
so
often
believe
the
relating to
like.
What
the supreme
Lordship of
they did believe in was
Jesus, the necessityof living as he lived and the
death through him.
of triumphing over
power
16
now
TO
The
PROMOTE
have
of
idea
century
the
in the
as
part of
a
Social
times.
of
the
the
Lord's
the
and
formal
worship,
or
such
features
other
as
find, then, that
organized
the
on
characteristics
First:
with
the
of
or
mental
fundaand
its
to
the
feature
of
of
idea
supplication
cognate
character.
first Christian
Pentecost
of
symptoms,
it the
formal
of
are
izations.
organ-
church
five
embraced
:
It
was
:
It
Second
day
the
of
essential
involving
as
which
twentieth
Christianity.
refers,of course,
carries
was
movement
causes,
an
word
which
early Church,
chief
the
Supper, evidently
We
the
the
early worship.
The
term
"prayers"
ritual
one
to
It conveys
in the
social
was
"breaking of bread"
The
again
great
of
of
decadence
life
to
service
of
one
was
the
but
idea
an
meaning
Jerusalem church, and
entirelyby the later
characteristics
neglect
its
this.
than
preted.
inter-
variously
Christians,
more
forgotten almost
It is coming
was
been
brotherhood,
social
UNION
confine
to
of
much
prevalent
very
tried
offering
weekly
evidently means
the
has
"fellowship"
term
Some
the
CHRISTIAN
composed of baptized believers.*
was
continuously being trained
of
practical duties
this
is
one
Christian
the
of
the
chief
life.
in
mentally,
Fundaof
functions
preaching.
Third:
actual
It had
practice, of
service.
'Acts
2: 41.
an
exalted
human
ideal, carried
brotherhood
and
out
in
social
HOW
18
TO
TROMOTE
Christian
the
CHRISTIAN
UNION
through long
message
teaching by such able instructors
A
Saul/
striking illustration of
found
teaching is
activity of
to
the
of
in
influence
world.
The
dispute
informal
as
augmented
the
labors
its
it for
popular
a
Elsewhere'^
in
little direct
every
have
duplicated the
address
insistence
'Acts
19:
20.
11:26.
church
to
the
which
'Acts
the
at
a
images
of
of
the
the
that
In
God
general
Ephesian
information,
Antioch.
during
11:29.
of
supposing
elders, he
caused
word
Of
prevailed.
for
that it produced
of
sale
characteristics
reason
success.
it had
it is stated
church
we
preaching
the
instructed
with
crowned
and
ending
He
by Paul.
continuously,and
years
mightily"
organization and
"grew
largely
because
uproar
Jerusalem
church.
career
his
was
the
fortunate
was
early
perceptible falling oflf
Diana.*
with
the
evidently
were
tian
Chris-
circumcision, settled
its
of
three
successful,indeed,
the
benevolent
in the
power
over
Ephesus
at
in
to
and
of
influence
church
ministered
have
this
congregation speedily
conference
result
a
nurtured
So
Antiochene
great
through an
brethren,"
his
and
of
especiallyits contribution
find the spirit
Judea.' Here we
of
and
fruit
church,
the
and
Antioch,
The
the
and
going beyond the congregational
reaching out to distant organizations.
first called
Christians
at
disciples were
The
became
Barnabas
as
missionary
continuous
service
and
pale
the
brethren
social
in the
and
but
it
Paul's
we
largely
well
fare-
emphasizes especially
his ministry he
had
"''Acts 15.
*
.\cts
19:
24-36.
"
Acts
ORIGINAL
THE
placed
The
service.
famous
the
last
doctrine"
and
sentence
of
quotation, *Tt
receive"
to
"sound
upon
is
"
is
used
of
element
UNITY
also
his
clinch
social
upon
address
the
"
give than
emphasis upon
blessed
more
to
19
his
to
service.
teristically
Epistle to the Ephesians, after a characPauline
filled with
superb introduction
of practical
have
treasure-house
a
metaphysics, we
understand
the
which
admonitions
to
helps us
In
the
of
kind
which
ideals
Metaphysician
him
to
and
features
of
that
devotes
he
Paul
theologianas
Christianitywere
a
Church.
in the
in vogue
were
was,
so
large part
of
the practical
to
significant
his Epistles
them.
Glimpses
Rome
of
the
and
in
of
given, some
are
churches
other
them
Corinth,
at
at
nating,
quite illumiPhilippi,at
Everywhere
places.
find
we
is
Christian church
a
substantiallythe same
story
of baptized believers, meeting together for
a
group
Supper,
worship, regularly observing the Lord's
of social brotherhood,
keenly alive to the claims
"
receivinginstruction in the principlesof the gospel,
and
organization
maintaining a simply constructed
of
elders
these
common
and
between
up
ecclesiastical
on
carry
seem
Acts
them.^
organization
head, either
^See
to
As
its work.
find a
of
sense
congregations multiply, we
and
brotherhood
a
spiritof co-operation
growing
eleven
deacons
in
ruled
Jerusalem
to
have
11:29;
1
Cor.
or
over
is
by
3;
2
Cor.
central
a
the
Even
Rome.
9:1-10,
great
no
their places with
taken
16;
There
and
others
similar
sages.
pas-
HOW
20
TO
PROMOTE
in discussions
churches
ideals
free groups
reahze
of
the
pertaining to
are
to
CHRISTIAN
the
service
of
weal/
common
and
men
of
ideals
UNION
Christ
ing
striv-
women
especiallyhis
"
and
clinging to the
glorious immortality. There is
"
The
new-born
hope of
a
term
of
polity;no theology, in the real sense
None
spiritof dogmatic compulsion.
;
no
less,these
and
simple, plain
women
in
was
power
their
to
and
the
shorn
his
of
the
Christian
in
the
nor
compulsion present
for
unite
force.
people; the
The
and
power
former
"Acts
that
is
15.
latter
is
form
in
turies
cen-
many
already
that
the
by
of
,
,
,
early churches
sympathetic
of
and
ation,
co-oper-
Christian
there
chains
any
love.
of
a
element
compulsion of
the
save
incapable of
lurks
,
There
one
was
be observed
the
was
brotherhood.
common
Samson
together by the
held
religious monarchy,
of
of
one
voluntary service
not
more
name.
of
unity
was
were
and
'
.
,
They
them,
the brief outline
^
of
of
hold
'^/.y^^*^
suggested, it will
of the
Early Churches
force
external
Church
only
From
^*
Their
world.
disappeared.
power
locks, and
remained
men
strength, as
When, later, the
weakness.
organization,took
their
more
the
Christ-filled
move
spiritof the world, the spiritof
ecclesiastical
the
simplicity;their
said, in their
has
Paul
destined
were
of
groups
siastical
eccle-
no
two
are
love
union
securing
human
internal, spontaneous,
and
to
ways
the
a
other
by
is external, artificial,
any
of
the
latent
personality. The
and
capable of
ORIGINAL
THE
UNITY
21
spiritual
enlistingall of the unseen
The unity of the early Christian
forces of the soul.
churches
the unity of love; it was
was
also, by the
cles,
It wrought mirasame
token, the unity of power.
subdued
the sophistical
monarchies, overthrew
and
securing
of
wisdom
few
the
generations.
The
which
succeeded
the
power
of
of
eliminated
hands
back
of
its note
problem
of
of
in
world
a
organization
unity of love, the binding
dom
compulsion, stifled the free-
destroyed its social message,
high moralityand turned the
the dial of progress
on
The
Church,
form
other
ecclesiastical
the
conquered the
and
ages
for
back
a
millennium.
Christianityto-day
is to
get
Our
unity of the early Church.
pose
purin this chapter has been to outline clearlyjust
what
that early unity really embraced.
The
task
of returning to the pristineideal is comparatively
the
to
the
simple, and
adaptation of
yet it involves
of society,and,
principlesto changed conditions
above
all, to unfortunate
religious inheritances.
that
to the goal, and
Still,there is only one
way
way
the
way
to
Church
return
"
follow
must
have
traced
undenominational
'
early
of
or
The
later.
is to return.
We
C^^l
sooner
brieflythe
character
Church.
From
of the
the
guage
lan-
testimony of Paul
and others, we
have been able to see the essentially
of
unitary character
primitive Christianity.An
analysis of the apostolicorganization discloses the
fact
times
that
Jesus
a
as
well
of
church
possessed
the
as
the
Christ
essential
in
New
Testament
characteristics
of
HOW
22
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
TO
practicalChristian Hving,
worship and the spiritual
emphasis upon
social service, upon
constant
upon
life, and
of
the Lord's
regular observance
elders and deacons.
The
only officers were
hearty and spontaneous co-operation in
upon
Supper.
There
was
of service and
deeds
missionaryactivity.There
unity based upon
the dynamic elements
a
It remains
of
of
UNION
how
freedom
us
to
all of
unloosed
in the human
for
next
which
was
soul.
the
trace
darker
ture
pic-
this ideal Church
existence,
in
and
its
gradually faded out
different
a
place came
it is true, but
wearing the same
name,
fundamentally at variance with the ideal outlined
In sketching this history one
above.
preliminary
Church,
be borne
fact must
in
mind, the fact that the whole
unitary.
Christianity
up to this point was
of freedom,
The
one
unity,as we have seen, was
the less unity. When
the Church
but it was
none
passed from
democracy to despotism it used this
all efforts looking
of unity to suppress
rallying-cry
It condemned
the regaining of freedom.
toward
of schism, forgetting
in unsparing terms
the curse
could
the fact that only through schism
the early
be regained. From
freedom
a
genuine unity based
passed to a false unity
freedom, the Church
upon
based
compulsion. To regain the true unity,
upon
it was
first necessary to destroy the false type which
genius
of
masqueraded
of
the
in
its
Reformation.
the
unity
based
is the
task
name.
With
This
the
was
the
Reformation
function
pleted,
com-
a
genuine
problem is to secure
the newly gained freedom.
This
upon
of Christianityto-day.
next
But
have
we
chapter
the
in
up
grew
the
of
The
inasmuch
which
from,"
the
made
stifled
the
in
up
of
event,
passed
away,
ecclesiasticism.
such
a
The
original.
accretions
which
they
which
organism
any
of
was
and
the
in
same
Christianity.
its
rather
upon
the
Church,
character
apostasy
little
place
was
by
little
The
tianity
Chris-
primitive
came
to
as
covered.
"
at
was,
process
early
one,
"standing
or
building
the
the
styling
primitive
a
was
being
the
to
from
obscure
largely
Roman
it
however,
completely
what
related
falling
building,
''falling"
a
early
appropriate
rather
a
the
of
fond
precisely
sense
a
result,
means
it
as
another
than
of
is
far
so
is
tion
co-opera-
what
is
This
next
despotism
church
free
were
it
as
the
days.
name
Our
ecclesiastical
of
place
23
trifle.
a
an
reformers
apostasy.
In
how
apostolic
Protestant
least
anticipated
tell
must
UNITY
ORIGINAL
THE
the
rule
24
HOW
TO
PROMOTE
CHRISTIAN
UNION
Questions
1. What
is
the
?
denominationahsm
his
had
What
2.
toward
attitude
present-day
Jesus
to
say
unity of
the
about
Church?
3. Give
Paul's
testimony
to
the
of
value
Church
unity.
4. Define
the
New
the
"church"
word
it is
as
in
used
Testament.
5. Sketch
the
constitution
of
the
apostolic
Church.
6. Give
fourfold
the
characteristic
of
the
salem
Jeru-
church.
7. What
Church
toward
8. State
Christian
the
church
9. Outline
10.
What
12.
of
attitude
New
the
ment
Testa-
dogma?
five characteristics
which
the
first
possessed.
the
can
11. What
Church
the
was
work
you
about
of
say
the
of
church
the
Antioch.
at
Ephesian
ecclesiasticism
in
church?
the
early
the
unity
?
Outline
clearly the
of
character
possessed by the early Church.
13. What
is
the
vital
problem
of
Christianity
to-day ?
14.
Give
a
brief
summary
of
Chapter I.
OUTLINE"
1. The
CHAPTER
Evolution
2.
The
Trend
3.
The
Influx
II
Tyranny.
of
Monarchical
toward
Foreign
of
and
ment.
Govern-
Pagan
Conceptions.
Influence
4.
The
5.
Alexandrianism.
6.
Oriental
and
Greek
of
Distinctively
Influences.
7.
Ecclesiastical
8.
Summary
Ambition.
and
Conclusion.
26
Culture.
Sacerdotal
ligious
Re-
II
THE
the
In
preceding
of
history
APOSTASY
the
in
possessed
of
of
the
but
unknown,
of
structure
the
birth
and
the
only
allotted
pages
outstanding
history
is
these
twin
demons
of
their
appearance
earlier
of
this
features
both
a
instructive
and
I.
Evolution
of
"
organizations.
congregation,
the
of
,
.
^,
^^"^
were,
as
less, the
the
"
orpfan-
^i
.-
Christian
elders
and
and
and
have
we
hands
up
absolute
"presbyter,"
their
and
churches
economy
of
as
it
deacons
their
offices
character.
The
"bishop"
27
are
democratic
seen,
government,
made
members,
an
few
interesting.
earliest
^^
The
in
was
The
that
so
the
the
discerned
long
a
in
Tyranny
existed,
of
.
"
The
the
story
is
None
easily
are
The
traced
volume.
were
centuries,
be
can
The
_
of
In
mar
tyranny
score
it
tion
destruc-
and
years.
the
mental
funda-
two
tyranny
outline
to
the
and
half
faintest
how
seen
schism
the
over
have
freedom.
development
covering
one,
We
and
make
to
were
fair
later
of
unity
both
apostolic days
the
character
manner
characteristics
traced
and
Christ.
marvelous
a
have
we
organization
Church
primitive
chapter
so
the
far
as
of
members
of
was
free
in
Avords
used
the
tians.
Chris-
selected
were
were
any
no
by
sense
"elder,"
in
the
or
letter
HOW
28
CHRISTIAN
UNION
Philippiansinterchangeably and
the
to
PROMOTE
TO
preciselythe same.
the bishop of a
was
denominated
shows
record
their
significance
Of any singleofficer
congregation the early
After
nothing.
^
time, however,
a
bishops in certain congregations came
the leader, after the fashion of
to be regarded as
the modern
garded
re"ruling elder," and the others were
subordinate."
Still later the ruling bishop
as
exercise
of a
central
to
thority
aucongregation came
of congregations,and
later
a
over
group
of
one
the
still he
congregations
of
a
his
extended
of
of
group
evolution
entire
an
provinces.
the
was
dominion
province
The
and
finally
in
last stage
establishment
the
include
to
of
the
the
Papacy,
all the churches
claiming,as it did, lordship over
and provinces of Christendom.
This is a very brief
succinct
and
required
outline
centuries
of
development. The preeminent
shaping this development
in
in number:
two
were
its
for
influences
which
historical process
an
First:
The
universal
trend
monarchical
toward
government.
The
Second:
admixture
of
foreign and
pagan
conceptions of religionwith Christian.
Strange to say, the historyof
2.
The
ward
Trend
To-
Monarchical
^-^-j nrovernment
f
^^^ phenomenon
.
Government
usually presents
.
of
r
i
freedom
ing
pass-
into absolutism, and, in many
again emerging
cases,
1
to
the
See,
for
church
"Religions
an
at
admirable
Corinth
of Authority
into
a
new
analysis of this whole
freedom.
process,
as
The
relating
I., Chapter IV., of Sabatier's
especially. Book
and
the Religion of the Spirit."
THE
early Greek
APOSTASY
communities
in their government.
the
in
presented
known.
led
had
passed
bring
about
the
the
the
advent
the
disappeared and
From
this time
the
in
For
"divine
faith
of
the
land.'
the
It
hold
to
its
only
should
harlots
and
in
the
both
sort
any
monarchy
was
The
economy.
comforting
view.
same
Observe
and
Cromwell
lived
the
"History
of
to
were
refer
to
of
2
of
See
any
as
all
this
belief
city
ernmental
gov-
the mother
of
but only
iniquity,'
Revelation,
other
the
first Christian
and, seated
pass,
treatment
England."
hardly
The
state.
of the
government
imperial Rome
Macaulay's
can
that the
the incarnation
centuries
"Babylon"
that
with
unconsciouslypattern after
denounced
^
the
izenshi
citintelligent
death-blow, but Cromwell
natural
writers
few
up
divine
it
the
ideals of
a
the
England,
as
Reformation.
was
Church
began.
accepted article of
an
believed
found
the doctrine
after
absolutism
nation
was
of
order
kings themselves
gave
republic
People put
they
established
convenient
lic.
repub-
a
days of the Reformation
principle was
practically
supreme.
king because
the
ceding
pre-
the
pretty universally by the
of
nation
a
been
Caesars
reign of
right of kings"
held
as
centuries
had
the
libertyloving a
so
democracy
until the
monarchical
Even
of
has
recurring cycles could
the birth of Christ, Rome
With
most
world
of
Greece
freedom.
new
the
career
decadence
before
a
her
absolutism.
away
typicalexample,
a
democracy the
pure
Later
as
of
climax
monarchical
to
largely democratic
were
Athens,
strikingexample of
ever
29
than
in
in
places
numerous
chapters
Rome.
Rome
17
and
18.
HOW
30
TO
PROMOTE
the monarchy
itself,
imitate
CHRISTIAN
the Church
of
the
empire of
Rome
captured Rome;
This
almost
favor
thus
the
was
no
also
An
of
rival and
to
Church
The
captured
the
the
Church.
civil
by
surprising. Men
with
rules
and
customs
was
Caesars.
is not
familiar.
most
are
the
the
imitation
servile
religiousauthorities
UNION
imperialistin
the
rally
natu-
which
they
civil matters
naturallyenough to be an imperialistin
idea
religiousrealm as well. The monarchical
to be
omnipresent in the civil world; it came
less omnipresent in the ecclesiastical world.
The
came
pope
than
nothing more
was
is
It
Influx
3. The
of
should
^g
V,
.
T^
Religious
Pagan
Conceptions
T
for the purest
n-
Unaffected
.
Ideals
which
environment
best
there
affects
the
is
an
religiousemperor.
difficult,perhaps
very
almost
say impossible,
a
are
,
.
to
remain
-.
by its surroundmgs.
always tempered by the
surrounds
At
them.
the
filtration which
unconscious
original Impulse.
this truism
influence
The
Church
very
soon
plified
exem-
tory.
beginning of its hisOne
needs
only study carefully the two
Epistles to the Corinthians, or the earlier chapters
of the Apocalypse, to find strikingillustrations of
how
modified
cumstanc
even
by cirapostolicteaching was
of
blood.
In the
location
very
and
differences
alike, but
it
did
race
and
Greeks, Jews and
transformed
Christianity
Barbarians
of
not
annihilate
their
As
the new
and
customs.
hereditarypeculiarities
subject to
religionspread far and wide it became
When
Conadaptations and modifications.
many
stantine gave
it the imperial sanction the situation
Whole
worse.
grew
Jupiter or Pan
allegiance from
trouble to distinguish
taking much
tian
the old and the new
deity. Chris-
Jesus, without
greatly between
to
festivals
Easter,
and
names,
pagan
formalities essentially
pagan.
rites and
with
mythology.
given
even
were
came
resurrection, for example, be-
the
festival of
The
people obediently
of
groups
their
transferred
observed
31
APOSTASY
THE
Norse
from
directlyborrowed
Christmas, while retaining the
name
a
tian
Chris-
partook largely,in the manner
celebration, of the old yuletide festivities
nomenclature,
of
its
it
which
poets did
Christian
displaced.
hesitate
not
mingle mythology with the gospel after an
astonishing fashion.'
and uneducated
uncouth
the more
ants
peasAmong
of the Roman
ity
provinces this pseudo-Christian-
to
teaching
readily interpretedChristian
Hell
was
of
known
changed ; ideas
tenacity. The
existed
many
Dante,
of
Michael
in
the
Comedy,"
"Divine
descriptions
Angelo,
Sistine
permeated
are
in
has
his
enormous
had
they
Fields
the
took
Names
was
their
of
place of
are
easily
cling with
stubborn
idolatry which
of
their
all contributed
religion known
universal
new
iar.
famil-
Heaven
lives.
associations
symbols
more
were
Elysian
myriad forms
Roman
Empire
the
in the
his
of the
and
the
to
quota
1
in
their
Virgin Mary
or
Cybele.
Diana
or
they
and
understand, for
all
version
The
ancestors.
which
to
easy
Tartarus
only another
Vesta
with
forms
the
under
file
and
rank
The
forms.
various
assumed
Vergil
with
as
Chapel, depicts Christ
companion,
a
mythological
picture of
and
as
"The
Charon
and
istics.
character-
Last
side
ment,"
Judg-
by side.
HOW
22
TO
PROMOTE
Christianity. Of
destroyed the
but
the
4.
of
Greek
n
i^^^ence
the
the
"
which
and
powerful
most
t.
t.
1
j
helped
Culture
idolatry,
helped
pagan
modified
t
modified
reHgion
of
religion.
Perhaps
-
UNION
new
likewise
new
Influence
The
forms
old
forms
destroy the
to
the
course
and
old
CHRISTIAN
j-r
modify
^
to
Greek
original Christianitywas
in origin. At the time of Christ, Greek
thought,no
less than
Roman
When
the
law, ruled the world.
and
religion reached
up
not only the uneducated
new
sway
also
the
refined
value
of
the
new
there
was
but
and
under
brought
and
its
peasant element,
cultured
society of the
day, it was
brought face to face with a new
lem.
probScholars who
recognized the significanceand
the old.
also
Hence
arose
during the
first three
started
last books
which
fuse
the
or
and
of
pages
Greek
church
A.
centuries
into
New
our
widely
most
Christian
and
ideas
known
nearly captured,
A
deeply influenced, the Church.
characterized
history
an
it
^
and
as
''the
Another
clash
Testament
and
to
attempt
in
the
a
"
end
late writer^ has
and
writer' has
Especially the Gospel of John
3
the
mingling of
seen
systems of thought
pagan
scale and
through the lapse of
enormous
centuries."
These
D.
.
on
sies
here-
Gnosticism
was
which
Christian
in
substance
quite early,certainlybefore
enter
earliest and
movement
that
so-called
numerous
four
believe
written.^
were
The
truth
besprinkle the
movements
Canon
much
not
which
unwilling to
were
j)j.^ Workman,
"Christian
and
the
Thought
well
Revelation.
to
the
said
2
.
.
of
w,
Reformation."
K.
the
ing.
Flem-
34
HOW
TO
andria.
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
Clement
had
UNION
eclectic mind
an
which
synthesize all preceding philosophy
is on
form
of Christianity. He
record
strove
the
to
under
said:
but
having
into it, as
from
all sides."
"The
into
a
of
way
is
one:
flow
perennial river, streams
Much
of
Clement's
catholic
broad
Truth
but
work
viewpoint
the
none
his
in the interest of Greek
basis of
the
Of
after him, it has been
a
passion "to
Church
the
transfer
to
every
term
almost
Eleusinian
Origen,
the
pupil
of
middle
the
mystical and
everything in
in
other
no
A.
the
and
space
about
died
D.,
thought,
was
foundly
proread
and
into
Greek
theories
the
incarnation
Church,
^
like them."
others
almost
covered
dis-
were
and
historical
and
a
the
facts
mystical allegories.
as
all sides Greek
into
the
the
with
associated
was
century
Bible.
of
Plotinus
have
we
practiceof
Clement, who
atonement,
presented
Of
on
the
dogmas
were
almost
philosophical meaning
the
original
said that it became
Greek
by
the
others
and
of
measurably
many
which
third
influenced
of
and
the faith and
mysteries
the
culture
him,
well
ration,
admi-
our
influence
his
and
command
must
modified
Church.
valuable
was
less
as
influence
of
Neo-Platonism
speak. Suflice it to say that
tered
philosophy and Greek religionfilto
of
Christianity.
In the course
of centuries these influences produced
profound changes In the originalconstitution and
teachings of the Church.
^
in
Inge,
the
"Christian
original
Mysticism,"
Christianity," Chapter
analysis in the
same
structure
III.
chapter.
See
quoted
also
in
Fleming's
Fleming's
own
"Mysticism
admirable
THE
APOSTASY
The
6. Oriental
and
35
Oriental
religions,
espeand
Persian
Egyptian,
Christianity coequally
^iallythe
^"^^'^^
Sac^rdo^JarilTflu^^^^
^^^^ invasion
Greek
of
ture.
cul-
ences
In
days of the Caesars,
the worship of Isis and other Egyptian deities was
metropolis, and
widely prevalent in the Roman
of
the
by
the
Nile
the Tiber.
The
many
of
the
basis
of
rites and
the
the
had
which
ceremonies
the
transplanted to
were
Persian
the
of
sect
doctrine
of
nated
origishores
dualism
Alanichees,
was
which
to
time
Augustine himself at one
yielded obedience.
in all probability
The
mysteries of Isis and Horus
helped to influence the later ritualism of Catholic
ligions
Christianity.Just what influence the Oriental reexerted
a
matter
of
the
view
One
of
to
the
upon
dispute,but
that
the
of
Church
is still
Rome
incline
the latest authorities
influence
least
at
was
siderable.
con-
which
both
strikingcontributions
and
to Catholicism
Jewish forces made
pagan
may
be found
in the development of the priesthood and
the distinction between
clergy and laity. The New
to say, knows
no
Testament, it is scarcelynecessary
distinct body of men
denominated
as
clergy. Every
Christian
and the early
was
regarded as a priest,'
Christian
ministers
Clement
clerics.
first writer
the
from
^
der's
the
the
See
1
outline
of
Rome
refer
to
but
clergy,"
Pet.
in
2:5,
his
in
were
and
after
many
"Handbook
of
sense
the
to
the
laity as
his time
similar
Church
passages.
been
distinct
idea
the
History,"
term
have
appears
to
other
of
no
devel-
'Note
Chapter
VedII.
HOW
36
TO
PROMOTE
have
to
Along
with
been
the
of
almost
clerical
of
many
of
Greek
the
of the
ceremonies
be
worshiped, and
was
formulated.
Lord's
the
the
to
Supper
mystical
form
of
changed.
of
of
a
Christ
time
into
went
the
Instead
New
"
of
the
Testament
five others'
of
number
Affusion
of
the
the communion
was
mass
ordinances
the
and
baptism,
the
and
were
instead
use
up
manner
ordinances
Supper,
last
the
baptism
The
transubstantiation,or
to
came
added, making
were
into
came
images,
saints
two
"
seven.
administration
in
nothing
the composite
say
ritual of
elaborate
and
ornate,
conglomerate. Even
new
administering these
in the
to
representationsof the
pictures and
known
Egyptian,
forms
Jewish, rites and
lishment
estab-
simple worship
rich and
became
and
century
the
came
The
ritual.
of the early Christians
third
universally prevalent.
conception
elaborate
an
UNION
by the close of the
oped rapidly,and
seems
CHRISTIAN
also
of immersion
and
the
trine
doc-
physical presence
taught.
was
observed
less
After
frequently,
and, still later, by the
laity in only "one kind" ;
that is, the priest partook of the wine
while
the
others
tasted only the bread.
To
the
enumerate
in the original apostolic system of
changes made
of the thousand
Christianityin the course
years
of the New
Testament
would
following the era
The
writer
believe it
does not
require a volume.
the Latin
exaggeration to say that between
any
the
Christianityof the later Middle
Ages and
of the Acts of the Apostles there is as
Christianity
Confirmation,
penance,
orders,
marriage
and
extreme
unction.
THE
APOSTASY
37
much
difference
which
of
Christianityand
any
it came
to displace. May
early Church
world
also
.
of
success
chief
the
know
places
that
the
the
culture
and
great
exercise
ones
shall it not
great
be
among
of
in the
wrangled
put
were
feet.
than
to
accounted
but
you:
a
told
to
whosoever
servant
the
have
would
are
cross,
and
"Ye
:
rule
over
and
their
But
so
will be
soever
who-
and
of
all."
his
question of precedence
'
lowers
foland
by their Master
History records
the
of
Jesus
again
minister:
your
shadow
over
shame
ambition.
them;
lordshipover
them.
authority upon
shall be
very
accompaniment
Kingdom, they
are
,
temptation
Zebedee
will be the chiefest,shall be
Even
.
this temptation
sons
among
you,
,
natural
unvarying
of
in his
.
Greek
of temporal
two
exercise
of
the
the
they which
Gentiles
the
world;
and
recognized the danger
again. When
heathen
ideas
the demon
"
again, the
say
,
came
be
to
we
monarchical
of
influx
mysticism,
seems
religious cults
influ-
the
which
the
itive
prim-
early Church.
A^ong with the subtle
^
ences
Ambition
between
the
,
,
7. Ecclesiastical
Oriental
the
conquered
conquered
.
"
originallyexisted
as
no
more
washing their
strikingphenomenon
of
Papal ecclesiasticism in the
face of Jesus' teaching concerning humility. The
in the height of his power,
not
pope,
only claimed
"exercise
to
lordship,"but to possess the absolute
The
authority of a universal monarch.
arrogance
of
*
arrogance
the
medieval
Mark
10:
42-44.
clergy
is
almost
inconceivable.
HOW
38
TO
PROMOTE
Henry IV.,
the
CHRISTIAN
UNION
of
Germany, upon
being
threatened
with
excommunicatoin, "was
compelled
for the pope's pardon.
He
made
to sue
a
journey
of winter, and
found
the Alps in the dead
across
at
Canossa, where, after a long and
Gregory VH.
he was
absolved."
The
humiliatingpride
penance,
emperor
'
of
like
men
in
even
Vatican
country
a
imperial Rome
was
demanded
was
as
hierarchy which arose
Empire. When
the
the
upon
thinks
one
the proud
beneath
their
is conscious
of
with
paradoxical
a
fulsome
of
to
the
be
strangest and
We
who
of
sensation
an
umrnary
of
(jgnce
trampled
Christ, he
impossible
spirit of
from
the
that
seen
would
the
deca-
^
-^
began by the
tyrannicalorganization modeled
of
all the
primitive Christianity
Conclusion
ideals
his
inexplicable.
most
have
tween
be-
feet of
describe.
seem
ern
West-
contrast
the
name
the
unlike
the
Nothing more
be imagined. Of
primitive Christianitycan
contradictions
in the history of religionthis
to
the
such
the
ecclesiastics
feet in the
from
ecclesiastical
ashes
washed
verbial
pro-
days of
the
of
be
the
in
by
lowly Jesus, who
followers, and
kings
Caesar
served
ever
to
came
far removed
so
No
England.
as
adulation
Beaufort
and
Wolsey
the
In
times.
apostolic
the
customs,
.
.
mstitution
after
further
external
the
of
a
political
fallingaway
influences,
of Greek
philosophy, are of
especiallythe tenets
notable significance.Oriental mysticism contributed
its share toward
the production of a conglomerate
"
the
Vedder,
emperor's
Chapter
penance,
VI.
see
For
any
the
standard
disgusting details
history of the period.
somewhat
of
APOSTASY
THE
39
with
these
features, the
Christianity. Combined
the
beset
natural
possession of
passions which
whether
fostered
pohtical or ecclesiastical,
power,
an
absolutely foreign to the spiritand
arrogance
of
teachings
of
violated
the
unity
of
unity
a
which
tyranny
freedom
Church
and
tion
constitu-
and
spirit of
a
blood
Such
absolutism.
from
ordinances
iron,
with
along
arose,
Externally,the
unity
a
"
the
fundamental
Galilean.
the
Hence
changes in
the Church,
numerous
of
Christ.
proclaimed by
preserved its
of
chains
and
however, further
was,
of schisms.
goal of Jesus than the worst
from
further
the
Developing further and
away
ideals of her Master, there remained
only one hope
of
the
salvation
the
through
the
to
a
which
revolution
rubbish
originalform
revolution
and
a
"
could
bitter warfare.
atheism.
human
spiritwas
how
or
an
strong the
placed upon
it, they
Religioustyranny means
freedom
driven
fetters
the
face of the earth.
Luther
the
great
unity
his
and
of
the
freedom.
world
brave
succeeding chapter.
may
of
Without
in
men
owes
companions.
be
the
and
much
The
the
have
end
from
to
the
Martin
story of
destroyed the tyrannical
for a
must, however, remain
which
Church
which
free.
some
hearts
The
schism
be
to
day fall apart.
ultimatelyeither religious
must
atheistical
from
universal
ultimate
created
Reformation, Christianitymust
been
centuries
the
from
matter
back
Such
early Church.
but mean
not
division, schism
Nevertheless, it constituted the
of
escape
No
go
of
accretions
and
only possible
The
should
40
HOW
PROMOTE
TO
CHRISTIAN
UNION
Questions
1. What
is meant
by the apostasy?
the
of
2. Sketch
3. What
evolution
pre-eminentinfluences
two
tianity.
Chris-
in
tyranny
were
ent
pres-
in this evolution?
4. Outline
the
the
in
government
5. What
general
foreign
toward
trend
Christian
elements
chical
monar-
era.
entered
into
Papal
?
Christianity
6. Sketch
influence of
the
the Christian
culture
upon
religion.
7. What
is meant
8. How
did
by Alexandrianism
Oriental
embodied
as
Greek
aflfect Christianity
influences
the
in
Church
?
of
Middle
the
Ages?
9. What
ordinances
changes
made
were
in
the
original
?
10. What
ambitions
of
can
you
say
the medieval
11. Illustrate the
of
ecclesiastical
the
Church?
Papal
of the Middle
arrogance
Ages.
12. What
ambition
in the
13. How
did
attitude
the
was
Jesus toward
of
Church?
the
decadence
of
tianity
primitive Chris-
begin?
14. In what
the
Middle
the Church
was
united
during
Ages?
15. What
of
sense
can
this form
you
of
say
in
union?
regard
to
the
ability
desir-
CHAPTER
OUTLINE"
1. The
Its
Church
Before
the
Reformation-
Church
Before
the
Reformation-
Doctrines.
2.
Its
III
The
Morals.
3.
The
Dawn
4.
Mistakes
5.
ZWINGLE.
6.
Calvin.
7.
The
English
8.
The
Weakness
9.
Later
of
of
the
Early
the
The
11.
Summary
Reformers.
Reformation.
of
Protestantism.
Movements.
"Protesting"
10.
Reformation.
Baptists.
and
Conclusion.
42
Ill
REFORMATION
THE
I.
Church
The
fore
mation
Its
"
Doctrines
before
just
contrary,
seems
of
something
of
evolution
religion
assumes
outline
of
refers
asked
to
they
are
of
believe
by
there
Christ, the
at
Son
modifications
was
is
anything
Peter
expanded
acts
Csesarea
the
and
43
the
polity
than
them.
upon
simplicity
in
creed
he
that
the
Philippi,
living
of
the
was
great
truth
that
Jesus
Through
God.
this
are
the
to
Christian
additions
until
Creed
ceremonies
or
was
record
no
more
of
a
to
triple
people
imposed
Church
early
the
"
polity.
and
is
the
applies
which
the
became
man
a
days,
confessed
the
aspect
perform,
indicate
complexity
it
as
theories
to
It
naturally
and
which
government
When
to
to
this
threefold
or
the
on
should
we
Doctrine
a
a
tianity
Chris-
was,
comes
ordinance
dogmas
creed
apostolic
various
also
was
Latin
in
which
order
doctrine.
required
The
itself.
point,
believe, ordinance
of
scheme
is the
in
creed,
the
to
this
by
unintelligible.
and
character
the
First
assumed.
at
early
intelligible organization.
Reformation
the
that,
Apostles,
represented
complex
very
proper
asked
Church
the
founded
as
and
simple
y^j-y
The
his
and
Jesus
that
seen
Church,
Christian
Refor-
the
have
^^
Be-
simple
the
fession
con-
Church
HOW
44
PROMOTE
TO
filled many
CHRISTIAN
if not
pages,
Metaphysical theories
Trinity,dogmas of the
and
the
almost
the creedal
of
the
accepted
damned.
infallibly
intellect,and no
except
burn
to
Let
and
it suffice
and
the
the
ment,
atone-
say
these
things
all of
would
be
allowed
the
man
was
given the individual
these speculationsor else
was
fires of
of
a
freedom
all of
prove
article
unless
choice
the
it all,another
believed,
creedal
to
cap
that
No
swallow
eternallyin
volume
To
and
these
a
the
stated
were
of
nature
incarnation
volume.
speculationsas to purgatory,
dead
and
the like,went
into
statement.
creed
the
to
as
entire
an
endless
of
state
indeed
UNION
the
inferno.
would
statements
small
that
from
profitto
the
To
capitulate
re-
require
reader.
simple sentence
lordship of
supreme
a
affirminga living faith in the
small
had
out
a
Jesus, the Church
library
spun
of medieval
theology, and demanded
unhesitating
acceptance of its bulky speculations.
On
the side of ordinance
the change was
even
Testament
knows
more
pronounced. The New
only
two
ordinances, the initial rite of baptism and the
of the Lord's
Supper. Baptism
perpetual sacrament
of a penitent
in water
the immersion
meant
a
believer, while the Lord's
Supper was
simple
service consisting of breaking the loaf and
taking
parof the cup after thanksgiving,and apparently
the central feature of the weekly meetobserved
ings
as
of the disciples.
The
Church,
of
evolution, had
in
the
place
of
in the
course
of
a
thousand
years
sacraments
brought forth seven
Let
the two
pristineordinances.
THE
for
note
us
REFORMATION
what
moment
a
45
these
sacraments
seven
were.
First,
in
the
The
order
usually given,
however,
name,
about
was
tism.
bap-
came
all
that
the
appertainedto
sion,
originalrite. Instead of immeraffusion
or
sprinklinghad been introduced,
and instead of the subject being a penitent believer,
the ordinance
to
was
chieflyadministered
scious
unconinfants.
Abstract
theological concepts
entered into the subject. It was
held that by some
the rite had
the
to
magical means
remove
power
taint of "originalsin," and
that therefore
even
a
helplessbabe who had not received this mysterious
immunity would
languish forever in the flames of
remorseless
a
perdition.
The
into
admit
had
"sacrament"
second
been
was
"
minister
ad-
intended
to
by bishops only, and was
full church
those
who
membership
baptized in infancy. There
is, of
hint
no
course,
confirmation
"
of
such
procedure
a
in
the
New
Testament.
The
as
eucharist
the Lord's
it
as
to
Supper.
was
become
what
was
the
In
its character
different from
so
entirelynew
week,
a
an
of
early Church
the
and
knew
istration
admin-
early ordinance
ceremony.
Instead
Christians
were
partaking once
at Easter.
a
required to celebrate once
year
of being a simple memorial, intended
to
"
the
taught
became
the
same
that
Christian
the
wafer
the actual
to
when
flesh of
miraculous
life of
a
service, it
only
stead
Inulate
stimwas
blessed
by the priest
Jesus, while the wine by
power
was
converted
into
46
HOW
TO
his
blood.
This
by
result
of
dogma,
made
was
stantiation,
behef
of
the
accept this
all, for
elaborate
and
Church's
As
a
deprived
of
fear
of
The
eucharist
their
unknown
ritual
usually styled
Christians
tured
cruelly tor-
were
alive because
the
refused
they
to
impossibledoctrine.
fourth
The
after
of Christ.
an
burned
and
transub-
in 1215.
Council
at
of
Thousands
with
wine
with
doctrine
soon
apostolic Church,
mass.
of
Lateran
of the blood
celebrated
the
the
it, the laitywere
spillingsome
to
UNION
definite part of the
a
the Fourth
partaking
was
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
sacrament
the
it also
confession, carrying
was
of
doctrine
This
penance.
sisted
con-
making oral confession of sins to a priest,
for them
who
was
empowered to grant absolution
fit. The
and
to impose such
"penance" as he saw
abuses of this system became
flagrantand notorious
in medieval
practice.
in
The
fifth
sacrament
of
setting apart
It
office.
and
sort
a
by
the
was
"
officer
ecclesiastical
an
performed
was
and
official,
orders
"
bishop
a
supposed to convey
supernaturalefficacyas
for
his
higher
or
divine
was
of
official
grace
regards religious
duties.
Matrimony was
be performed by
other marriage was
The
seventh
unction.
point
idea
no
death
that
such
last
the
in
after
a
the
as
a
priest,and
sacrament
had
any
invalid.
was
extreme
at
anointing a person
specifiedritual, with
process
spiritto
It could
sacrament.
save
regarded
and
a
sixth
one
It consisted
of
wafting
the
special powers
delightsof paradise.
the
the
in
THE
of
Five
in the
tioned
were
the
above
47
remain
sacraments
apostoHc records, and
transformed
so
the
unmen-
other
two
become
ent
differpractically
Scarcely a single vestige of the
of Christ remained
in the sphere
ordinances.
originalChurch
of
REFORMATION
to
as
ordinance.
the
In
of
less
a
polity there was
no
notable
transformation.
The
original polity was
of freedom, with the simplest possibleorganone
ization.
In the place of the primitivecongregations
there arose
a
complex and composite hierarchy with
a
matter
monarch
supreme
the
"
pope
at
"
the
of
summit
have
We
of
already spoken of the arrogance
this organization. Anything more
from
removed
and
the apostolicsimplicity
its
humilitythan were
pretensionscan
scarcelybe imagined.
Radical
the changes
as
were
all.
a.
The
Church
Be-
j^ ^he field of
doctrine
from
the
"
mation
apostolic ideal, the
T^
Its
"
Morals
morals
was
It
this fact, rather
was
question,which
Luther might never
doctrinal
he
had
own
the
eyes
Of
the
visited
not
Ages
Dark
even
in
scandalous
of
and
the
his movement
of
Church
than
the Reformation.
witnessed
behavior
the
noticeable.
more
reallystarted
have begun
Rome
decline
moral
decline
'
'"
with
his
the
clergy."
during the
it is
impossibleto speak with exaggeration.
With
the laws of the hierarchy forbidding
marriage, and denouncing immorality in the clergy,
the strange spectacleof a pope'
the age witnessed
*
See
Taine's
2
4
"History
Alexander
of
V'l.
English Literature," chapter
on
the
naissance.
Re-
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
TO
HOW
48
UNION
earth
vicegerent of heaven
upon
placing his illegitimateprogeny'
openlypositions of
the
"
in
"
high authority,and resorting to assassination and
his enemies.
Religion said,
intrigue to overthrow
shalt
"Thou
the
kill,"and
not
poisoned his
said, "Thou
religiousfirmament
Church
banquet. The
in the
a
the
steal," and
shalt
at
not
Church
The
adultery," and
commit
shalt not
again, "Thou
said
enemies
appropriated
and
convenience.
his
it suited
whenever
pillaged
pope
executive
supreme
hierarchy openly paraded their
such
these, to
as
illegitimateoffspring. Actions
thinking mind, simply give the lie to all
any
of
heads
the
religion. It
the
of the
that many
wonder
no
was
most
fore-
organization of the
figures in the Church
substantiallyatheists,who did not always
day were
take the trouble to wear
a
disguise. It is said of
he
this period' that
of
openly argued
a
pope
against the immortality of the soul, and remarked
another
upon
^
of
Certain
that
which
evil beast
"an
than
occasion
the
conscience
man
arms
clergy, we
let
us
conform
licentious
to
and
no
more
self."
against himtold, had a
are
church, "Come,
to
they went
The
the popular superstition."*
of saying when
way
is
of
character
immoral
the
of
monks
of
the pages
gathered from
litterateurs
Boccaccio^ and
Masuccio,^ contemporary
in no sense
who
religiousantagonists,but who,
were
doubt, give a fair picture of the times.
no
those
1
days
Caesar
and
Renaissance."
^
"Novellino."
be
may
Lucrezia
*
Borgia.
Luther
as
-
Leo
quoted
X.
^
gee
by Taine.
Taine,
^
"xhe
"The
tian
Chris-
Decameron."
50
HOW
the
interest
of
the
gain
to
for moral
independence
The
idea
that
save
the
soul, Luther
pagan
doctrine
a
to
man
had
he
gone
to
appeared
to
the
people
his
the
as
of
the
Mistakes
the
Early
rites
Luther
could
a
was
For
and
the
to
cause
Scriptures
first time,
the
enabled
were
haps
Per-
the
to
of
For
all about
read
to
for
note
as
a
the
type of
the
selves
them-
Bible
and
for the
formers
the
Christianity
put into the hands
was
the
of
excesses
the great internal
saved
the
ing
house-cleana
even
portion
Papal See.
The
of
Re-
of
doom
universal
large. Only
at
The
them.
of the counter-Reformation
4.
and
the
discrepanciesbetween
the religiousforms
Christ and
of
when
people
Europe
intellectual.
tremendous
early Reformers
of
for
blasphemous.
of
tongue
own
Church
sealed
was
of
translation
whole
a
originalChurch
which
they saw
Roman
battle
a
Christian.
sense
no
vernacular.
in their
Bible
as
was
clearly enough
saw
contribution
German
the
well
little short
him
religion was
into
It
ceremonies
in
and
the chief
of
freedom.
and
flagrantlyimmoral, and then, because
religious
through certain mechanical
into the celestial paradise,
be ushered
be
formulas,
of tyranny
as
external
such,
the chains
burst
air of
upper
As
great birth-struggleof
the
of
was
UNION
conscience.
individual
the
only a part
humanity seeking to
it
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
TO
ers
and
mistakes
themselves
apparent.
of
were
Luther
Reform-
the
numerous
was
a
man
scholarshipand of an exceedingly
violent and
pugnacious disposition. His lack of
his bulldog obstinacy nearly
statesmanship and
of
rather
limited
REFORAIATION
THE
51
beginning. Had
been
wiUing to have displayed a fraction of
by Zwingle, when
spiritmanifested
generous
his
wrecked
latter,with
antagonist
the
eucharist
have
is
man
were
his
boldly
in
errors,
his
and
will
in
have
striven
search
name
noblest
who
the
the
free
to
Switzerland
the
of
souls
respects, than
the
by
it
cause
destined
as
name
^At
the
New
leaders
of
the
even
battle
of the
of
fol-
was
out
throughIn
Zwingle,
he
lead.
far
a
than
Zwingle
ideal, in
many
stopped short
of
he
polity, particularly,
the apostolic
to
get back
of
to
blow
work
to
was
his
humanity justly reveres
sacred
elect in religious
history.
live, and
one
brightest
Christendom.
a
severe
untimely death' was
reform.
Nevertheless, his
of
to
1,1
other
Testament
matters
impossible
His
model.
his
all
sweet-spirited reformer
Luther, but
In
goal.
found
the
example
breadth
and
the
nearer
out
men.
Wittenberg apostle, took
came
struck
galaxy of reformers
have
religious libertyand
saintly Huldreich
scholarly
more
tion
salva-
brilliant
and
the
other
the
the
,11
length
him
forever
remain
faults,
all
with
lowed
the
great
no
Above
owes
,
Zwingle
5.
to
over
Luther's
were
Luther's
.
"
hand
religion. He
for truth, and,
for
battled
to
world
Christian
the
of
as
greater.
agencies, the
human
the
debate
differently.But
even
the
religious history might
perfect,and, great
virtues
his
far
written
been
his
memorable
Marburg,
at
offered
eyes,
the
after
he
very
his
in
tears
his
the
at
cause
Cappel,
Oct.
11, 1531.
HOW
52
TO
PROMOTE
CHRISTIAN
UNION
distinmost
Perhaps the
^
tion
guished figure in the Reformaafter Luther
Born
in the
was
John Calvin.
littletown
of Noyon in Picardy in 1509, he received
a
thorough education in the universities of Orleans
,
6. ^Calvin
-
.
-
and
Paris, where
vocation
of
seductive
know
,
he
law, but
later
allurements
the
of
monumental
Basel
in
1536.
We
the
do
his
he
was
1532.
year
to-day
not
to
that
"Institutes,"was
It remains
the
more
led
was
himself
says
about
the
work,
he
for
the
to
theology.
he
r
himself
turned
which
by
processes
t.
,
prepared
religiousposition,but
"suddenly converted"
at
",
His
published
"the
as
most
remarkable
theologicaltreatise ever
published by
of twenty-seven,"' and
a
man
at once
young
gave
him
well-deserved
cratic
autoreputation. Calvin
was
and
degree
of
the
His
age.
religiousand
a
the
His
condemnation
influence
in
vices
and
remain
as
basis
to
the
^Vedder.
ing, he
was
inapplicable.
=
not
a
in
more
blot
a
than
ways
at
its founder,
still a
deep, though
Reformation
Burned
his
upon
was
history,and his teachings are
religiousworld.
gave
of
execution
one
the
founder
succeeding generations. As
Huguenot faith* he profoundly influenced
Calvinism
small
no
intellectual,
distinctly
theology of election exerted
temper
cold-blooded
baneful
shared
intellectual
forever
must
his memory.
his
in
part
Servetus'
and
of temper, and
severe
the
but
stern
in
the
sense
the
French
in the
and
gloomy,
which
27, 1553.
broader
of
power
movements
stake, Oct.
upon
s
fol-
Strictly speak-
the
term
is not
THE
53
REFORMATION
EssentiallyAugustinian, and in a sense
teacher stopped
Pauline, the theology of the Geneva
thinker and phishort of the apostolicgoal. As
a
losophe
lowed.
had
Calvin
verities
heavily
and
it
back
the
him.
upon
a
was
Christ's
of
and
possessed,
great
one,
ecclesiasticism
of
the
Of
English
The
7.
r^
r
Reformation
from
all.
Its
Germany
and
at
the
form, however,
of
corrupt
have
we
it
as
Catholicism.
m
was
partook
to
The
to
borrowed
was
Protestantism.
clung
Eng-
scarcely time
basis
and
in
i
,
it
the
teaching of Calvin
in any
analysis of
iv
Geneva,
outward
minds
Reformation
the
of
part,
world.
doctrinal
characteristics
inheritance
with
.
essential
old
The
"
origm,
his
men's
than
land, semi-pohtical
.
speak
vital
,
,
..
weighed
contributed
bringing
tical
prac-
Luther
scholasticism
in
Rome.
always be reckoned
religioushistory of
must
which
teaching
more
the
upon
grasp
spell of
Still,he
something
to
the
not
much
of
In
of
the
its
the
hierarchical
and
accompanying unity of church
revolution
state, remained, despite the fundamental
in theology and
To
this day Anglicanism
doctrine.
claims
to be neither Catholic
nor
Protestant, and its
by
professors fondly hope to reunite the Church
idea, with
its
drawing both wings to what they consider to be
middle
ground.
of
the
Protestantism
Along with the state
forms
of independency
various
English Church
grew
up
of these
in religion. The
notable
most
forms was
comprehended in the Puritan movements
exemplified in the commanding
figure of Oliver
HOW
54
TO
Cromwell.
America
PROMOTE
Puritanism
even
warring
life of
with
In
destined
was
the older
factions
nation
greater
Knox
as
and
whole.
a
The
success.
northern
the
than
lost its
In
kingdom,
influence
to
it had
it
country
grip
enced
influ-
split
soon
the
upon
Scotland
it met
fiery figure of
appealed powerfully to
the
of
the
UNION
pronouncedly
more
England.
into
CHRISTIAN
the
and
stern
the
John
temper
intellectual
of
type
Geneva
theology was
especiallyattractive
to the most
profoundly speculativerace of thinkers,
with
two
has
one
or
exceptions, the world
ever
known.
To
this day, the Scotchman
usually does
his religiousthinkingin terms
of Geneva
Basel.
or
The
touched
never
the
heart
temperamentally, the
from
their
helped
the
for
Reformation,
adherents
remained
to
widen
of
the
of
Irish
island
some
reason
Ireland.
people
this chasm
ancient
Racially and
widely separated
are
neighbors.
Political
and
faith.
other,
or
No
to
prejudices
solidify
nation
has
than has
completely loyal to Rome
Erin.
The
British isles thus presented, and
still
present, the widest divergence in religion. England
is fundamentally Anglican, Scotland
adheres
as
a
whole
to
Presbyterianism,and Ireland alone remains
true
more
to
the
Roman
Catholic
The
8. The
Weakness
^^^
^^^^^
^^^
Protestantism
own
movement
freedom, it has
traditions.
leaven
Protestantism
of
^^^^^^
^^
^^^^
^^j^j^j^
borders.
for
Essentiallya
independence and
again and again witnessed its own
mental
unity shattered by the application of its fundaProtestants
continued
to
principle. New
REFORMATION
THE
protest against the
as
it has
protestation. So
ancestral
embodied
no
55
than
more
the
far
negative idea
of
has never
opposing existing evils,Protestantism
able to offer the world
been
anything like the
universalityof
always consisted
The
of abuses, but
of
in its lack
demands
world
of
has
weakness
constructive
power.
only a negative correction
positiveand universal message
not
also
a
The
construction.
is to
Its
Catholicism.
provide
of
task
such
a
the
tantism
Protes-
newer
constructive
message.
long-dreamed-of reunion of
Christendom.
The
constructive
appeal of Rome,
with
its dogmatic absolutism, belongs to the past.
The
be based
unifying evangel of the future must
the heritageof freedom
gained by the mighty
upon
It
and
Zwingle and Calvin.
struggle of Luther
must
not
content
itself,however, with a mere
form
reit will
With
of
must
existingin an ancient organism.
further
than
this, or it will fail in
abuses
go
that it has
awakening
9. Later
.
"
historyof
The
mission.
shows
the
come
awakened
lies the
ing" Movements
,
"
.
m
e^ive
,
the
of
to
Protestantism.
,
^1
the
even
.
history
its
religiousdevelopment
this fact,and in this
religioushope of the
It would
require a
"Protest-
,,
later
It
^
of
Only
a
,
the
few
future.
volume
u
barest
,
later
of
to
4-r
outlme
^
,
,
ments
developthe
more
prominent can be touched upon in this brief study.
Of these,perhaps the most
the new
was
significant
of Anglicanism fostered
awakening in the bosom
by the Wesleys and George Whitfield.
in the little parish of
born
John Wesley was
His
father, the Rev.
Epworth, June 28, 1703.
HOW
56
PROMOTE
TO
Samuel
was
of
a
Wesley,
England and
CHRISTIAN
UNION
clergyman of the Church
of exemplary piety. His
a
man
mother, Susanna
of remarkable
a
woman
Wesley, was
sent
abilityand religiousinsight. John was
Oxford
to
along with his brother Charles, some
five years younger
than himself, and while in college
his
''methodical"
other
devotional
began
with
give
its well-known
The
essence
reaction
of
from
the
eaten
church
new
in
or
no
of
the
within
restoration
organizing
of
New
was
Church
of
His
old
revitalize the
to
Luther
originallyintended
hierarchy. The result in
The
new
wine
could
and, willinglyor
no,
to
be
not
the
both
of
them
buried
were
was
in the
Roman
the
old
as
same.
bottles,
church
new
organization
the last,
Even
to
the ancestral
faith,
into existence.
perforce sprang
the Wesleys, however, clung to
and
church, much
cases
kept
tament
Tes-
always
England.
revitalize the
both
a
at
himself
was
its
Church.
Christianity.Wesley
opposed to separation from the
idea
in
well-nigh
EngHsh
attempt
an
sense
had
movement
a
direct
a
consisted
which
therefore
and
later movement.
revolt
formalism
out
was
movement,
a
Wesley's
the
his
to
name
heart
Methodism
study of the Bible, along
practices, which
helped to
in their
surplicesas
testimony that they died in the communion
of the Anglican Church.
The
fervor of the new
apostleswas
evangelistic
universal
to
perhaps their greatest contribution
a
silent
Christendom.
been
of
touched
Every
and
evangelism.
Protestant
vitalized
People
are
by
communion
the Methodistic
drawn
together
has
spirit
more
HOW
58
TO
PROMOTE
CHRISTIAN
We
"'
have
UNION
traced
CollSision^'''^
^'^^^ revolution
Catholic
what
is known
have
shown
of
as
how
the
the
world
Protestant
this movement
have
genuine New
rapidly outlined
features
Reformation.
unity
that
of
the
the
new
in
the
which
Roman
precipitated
Reformation.
We
inevitable
was
apostasy of the prevalent type of
from
We
briefly the
of
the
We
internal
the
Christianity.
salient and
shown
had
ligion
re-
istic
character-
important attempts
more
have
Church
Testament
cause
be-
to
unity
be
how
the
shattered
based
upon
at
external
in
order
freedom
Christendom
united
under
an
was
might be born.
imposing ecclesiasticism foreign to the whole spirit
and
teaching of Jesus. This ecclesiasticism,with
had to
its accompanying corruption and
arrogance,
be any
there could
be broken
hope that
up before
Church
could
the real unity of the New
Testament
There
be restored.
was
a
tearing apart
necessary
which
was
obliged to precede the putting together
of the shattered
fragments. It is the question of
the
this putting together which
is now
crying
this all-important
With
problem of the Christian world.
in detail in the
subjectwe shall deal more
shall see
follow.
We
that
to
are
chapters which
the process can not be a mechanical
piecing of fragments,
and
but must
embody the creation of a new
lute
ideal unity based upon
return
a
complete and absoof apostolictimes.
estantism
Protto the pristine
norm
forms
In its various
prepared the way
for
But
this return.
something of the original
error
remained
after
every
new
reformation
of
Complete
Protestantism.
order
by
process
is
yet
to
it
which
of
The
subject-matter
be
return
conceived
be
may
of
beginning
our
realized.
next
now
the
story
chapter.
apostolic
The
and
achieved,
must
the
to
and
achievement,
for
59
REFORMATION
THE
is
claim
steps
in
indeed
our
constitutes
tion.
atten-
the
HOW
60
TO
PROMOTE
CHRISTIAN
UNION
Questions
1. What
it
is the
threefold
aspect of doctrine
as
appliesto religion?
2. What
was
3. How
was
Middle
this
of the
creed
apostolicChurch?
changed during
the
Ages?
4. What
of
the creed
changes
made
were
the ordinance
in
baptism?
5. What
the
by
meant
was
of
sacrament
firmation
con-
?
6.
Interpretthe
Catholic
sixth?
The
9. What
Middle
of
was
the
13. What
New
of
Middle
chief
of
cause
mistakes
the
ments"
"sacra-
Testament?
made
during
of
morals
the
Ages?
Protestant
the
Catholic
polity was
say
the
the
Roman
in the
you
of
did
12. What
to
found
can
11. How
Luther
the
change
Ages?
Church
Catholic
of
many
10. What
fifth sacrament?
seventh?
to be
are
the
by
meant
was
8. How
the
of the Roman
sacrament
Church.
7. What
The
fourth
Reformation
begin?
made
by
contribution
religion?
made
were
by
the
early
reformers?
14. Sketch
the
15. Sketch
the life and
16. Outline
17. What
work
and
career
work
of
brieflythe English
has been
the
of
Zwingle.
Calvin.
Reformation.
specialweakness
of Protestantism
?
18. Outline
the movement
of the
Wesleys.
IV
Religious Conditions
Hundred
in America
Years
61
Ago
One
OUTLINE"
1.
Early
CHAPTER
Religious
2.
The
Revolution
3.
The
Revival
IV
History.
the
and
Movements
Age
of
of
cism.
Skepti-
Wesley
and
Whitfield.
4.
Creedal
5.
Denominational
6.
Summary
Autocil\cy.
Formalism.
from
''Declaration
the
62
and
dress."
Ad-
IV
AGO
YEARS
HUNDRED
America
I.
Early
Religious
discovered
was
catholic
ONE
AMERICA
IN
CONDITIONS
RELIGIOUS
by
rediscovered
and
a
by
a
History
,
,
band
of
landing
of
New
of
with
their
them
in
multitudinous
almost
Island,
in
Catholics
Quakers
religious
bodies
persecute
and
defame
history, the
with
the
Continental
persecuted
Catholic
colony,
the
persecuted
had
no
to
sooner
hang,
5
maim
America.
to
of
Puritans
and
was
to
torture
63
those
ginia.
Vir-
various
right
in
to
cumstance
cir-
religious
roles
changed
The
only
Roman
the
first
one
to
settlers, while
its
England
America
in
strange
a
unparalleled
freedom
escaped
By
persecutors
in
terians
Presby-
these
mutual
other.
Maryland,
religious
proclaim
each
altogether
not
their
was
in
Pennsylvania,
in
only thing in which
agreed
were
York,
Episcopalians
and
ditions
tra-
Baptists
New
Jersey,
and
There
variety.
in
the
brought
faiths
Massachusetts,
in
Maryland
About
colonies
seaboard
Zwinglians
New
in
promptings
real
religious
the
shores
desolate
numerous
Atlantic
ancestral
Congregationalists
Rhode
The
the
dotted
first
the
existence.
soon
the
on
began
England
With
Puritans.
^
i
-.tt-
.
^
of
"Mayflower"
the
national
which
.
and
than
whose
Holland
they began
reHgious
HOW
64
TO
differed
convictions
The
the
of
Colonial
is to
duty
period
seemed
have
of
wildest
sort
been
distasteful
a
No
them.
anything
how
with
them,
inasmuch
as
adherents
perdition by
his
when
that
assurance
of
Those
elsewhere.
every
he
period did not
the contemplation
Revolution
the
and
Age
,'
c,
had
the
for
satisfaction
damnation
they
from
derived
themselves.
of national
the dawning
.
.
and
r
of
semmation
for
the
^,
the
freedom
of
of
dominant
French
in
came
rapacity and
ccclcsiasticism
reactions
,.
to
were
atheism
.
non-rehgious
^
the
characterized
France,
dis-
rapid
,
.
which
infidelity.The
outburst
the
people
many
eternal
than
to
Christendom
greater
independence,
ideas
for
ing
comfort-
the
in
Skepticism
the
camp
en-
of
'
movement
pearly
stirring and
whether
of
anticipationof paradise
The
felt
would
the
derive
With
2.
the
enter
not
infalliblydoomed
was
of their religiousopponents
the
sect
religious body
this
from
separate
man
It is doubtful
own.
those
with
did
were
every
problem
earth
would
to
wanted
The
differingconvictions
all of
stimulatingdays
save
alone
have
days
sect.
each
the
occurred
ever
on
must
as
it would
get along in heaven
would
anathema
gates, while
"
other
soil
virgin
settlers
those
during
was
its
it
with
whose
religious unity
had
any
those
till the
Probably
presence
disturb
that
of
own.
occupied
horny-handed
vision
their
upon
and
idea
dream.
do
they
whose
land
religioussect
to
from
much
so
incumbent
the
to
was
the
clear
UNION
respects
some
forest, that any
the
of
in
necessities
material
first
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
a
new
corruption
responsible
and
kindred
HOW
66
dians
TO
who
Massachusetts
quoted
in the
the
minds
your
Great
the
preach
There
to
the
hereafter."
of
to
right
the
promptly replied: "Brother,
but
one
is but
differ
as
religion was
have
given
religionwhich
a
it teaches
receive, to
love
been
have
place.
Those
find
it does
less
disposed
again
of
what
'Declaration
We
preaching
them
good,
cheat
to
you
and
Address,"
Great
people
we
you
this
are
we
If
see
we
honest, and
will then
'
concluding
in
little to
them.
paragraphs.
;
We
told
are
has
said."
also,
united.
be
a
we
your
favors
all the
them
do
we
forefathers
our
upon
ple
peo-
we,
;
neighbors,
makes
Spirit.
told
are
We
is
there
all agree,
not
to
your
white
you
will wait
Indians,
have
the
do
Indian
Brother,
to
to
happy
that
that
white
our
are
them.
effect your
the
to
people
with
and
religion.
about
preaching
acquainted
what
another
one
quarrel
never
for
thankful
be
to
us
given
was
ship
wor-
Ghrist.
be
say
We
lighten
en-
if you
not
forefathers
your
"I
and
Jesus
Why
things.
to
will
and
do
book?
the
these
understand
serve
it?
about
read
all
can
you
not
much
so
Son
to
understand
religion,why
one
his
to
You
and
"to
sagacious
we
book.
a
worship
to
way
If there
in
Thomas
how
you
can
you
as
admirably:
God,
serve
which
written
his
way,
of
missionary,
instruct
to
way
To
religionis
Address
the
gospel
one
the
embrace
not
and
them,
convert
situation
said
from
missionary
to
and
whole
UNION
a
Spirit agreeably
you
is but
sent
was
brethren,"
come,
Grain,
"Declaration
Campbell," puts
am
Mr.
Rev.
the
to
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
consider
HUNDRED
ONE
We
Revival
3. The
of
have
Q^^
jg^
67
referred
already
the
to
t"i.iefly
Movements
AGO
YEARS
origin
^f
of
Method-
^j^.^^ elements
^^^
and
Wesley
^^
Whitfield
^^^
remarkable
its
was
success
charity. In his early
complained bitterlyof the
catholic
ministry, John Wesley
He
side.
every
writes
he
which
sectarianism
hidebound
thus
of
encountered
on
reception while
his
preaching tour in Scotland :
"I preached at Ormiston
to
a
large and
ister's
deeply serious congregation. I dined at the minspeed.
Godsensible man
who
a
heartilybade me
on
a
...
"
But
he
him
informed
soon
changed
his mind.
that
he
received
had
a
letter from
dreadful
were
assuring him that we
Lady H
should
countenance
no
heretics,to whom
the children of
It is a pity. Should
not
the
devil to
do
his
work
own
H
Lord
be
given.
God
leave
^
?"
cable
peculiarlyappliinquiry was
to his own
age and not altogetherinapplicable
Great Britain, Wesley and Whitfield
to-day. From
notable success
to America.
came
Perhaps their most
States. Everywhere
achieved
in the United
was
they preached to large congregations, and their
Wesley's pungent
burning
selfishness
smug
of
served
the
religiousmovements
indebted
*
to
Wesley's
180.
these
which
in
"The
shatter
was
were
revivals.
Way
to
Union"
the
Even
stirred
Whitfield.
followed
Methodistic
Journal, quoted
to
churches.
orthodox
the
calculatingBenjamin Franklin
extraordinary eloquence of
the
p.
largely
messages
all
The
largely
Not
by
by
the
Morton,
68
HOW
least
TO
PROMOTE
contribution
feeling among
hymnology.
churches
as
the
of
Wesley
Christians
Previous
modern
devoted
a
charitable
more
introduction
time
the
of
orthodox
eschewed
hymns.
Wesley
greatest hymn-writers of
the
he
but
world,
UNION
his
his
to
of
one
to
was
had
rule
a
only
not
was
CHRISTIAN
also
was
of
one
the
of
singing. He astonished
staid
the
Presbyterians of the College Church,
Glasgow, by giving out hymns for the congregation
looked
with
to sing. At first the innovation
on
was
its way
into the hearts
made
suspicion,but it soon
most
of
the
the
Few
things have helped to break
exclusiveness
religious formality and
people.
ice
of
than
more
advocates
the
of
evangelistichymns
the
worth
Ep
reformer.
Another
incalculable
the
was
bond
and
this
the
the
on
and
and
adhered
to
the
less
united
an
occasion
his
sermons.
a
devoted
While
the
agreement
wrote
two
upon
together
blessed
were
to
of
the doctrine
Whitfield
were
was
believed
and
taught
field,
Whit-
Calvinist,
predestination
able
never
these
points,they
harmony and
in
with
abundant
upon
a
to
none
their
success.
memorable
:
quite plain. There
predestination and against it.
"The
for
constantly in
other hand, was
worked
Wesley
He
will
freedom
firmly to
labors
himself
Wesley
theology.
the
election.
come
in
of
unity
theologies in a
different
purpose.
of
was
cause
of
absolute
conviction
which
the
promoting
Arminian
pronounced
in
in
value
IMethodIsm
fact that it united
common
a
of
feature
case
is
are
God
bigots both
is
sending
HUNDRED
ONE
a
receive
those
to
message
make
namely,
think
his
was
the
as
with
sir, be
for
the
as
the
their
what
will
own
suffered
are
you
another.
do
But
men
when
not;
can
mind."
one
the
temper
'Life
taken
to
controversy
the
me,
is of
similar
a
69
of
Wesley:
Luther,' and
to
the last part of
that
in
disputing with
others, who, in all probability,
Lord
Jesus, notwithstanding they
him
in other
points. Let this,
differ.
we
judge
you
of
Only
up
think
not
with
God
love
be
to
to
ever
the
on
you
I pray
I may
more
I
hope it will
God, provoke me
us;
blessing of
please, I do
you
lists of
v/herein
will
caution
a
by
much
I of
much
and
equally loved
might differ
me;
and
his honor
to
so
Zwinglians
dear
time
lately read
it in nowise
life
a
in
wrote
*'I have
for
both
us
Whitfield
who
God
is come,
AGO
side, but neither
one
from
it, unless
time
either
on
opinion. Therefore,
to be of one
opinion
his
YEARS
it
enter
points
that the
and
you
to
more
learn
man's
approbation, but that of my
Lord
and Master, Jesus Christ."
in a
Wesley and Whitfield, it is true, did finally
to
desire
no
drift apart, and
measure
life-work
yet the
influence
of
their
decidedly unifying, and their ability
sink differences of opinion in their anxiety to
to
to be a higher goal
accomplish what both conceded
a
was
was
wonderful
much-needed
and
object-lesson
for Christendom.
The
America
among
work
laid
of
the
Christians
scarcely did
more
the
founders
foundation
of
all
than
of
for
Methodism
a
better
denominations,
touch
the
and
surface.
in
feeling
yet it
The
HOW
70
churches
orthodox
afterward
of
went
on
fittingthat we
and ground
causes
It is
little further
a
pursue
they
as
and
Campbells,
other.
each
gloriouslyhating
should
the
Methodists
the
out
cast
out
cast
UNION
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
TO
the
this hatred.
In
3. Creedal
Autoc-
mandays, when
are
everywhere at
these
creeds
^^^^
a
racy
discount, it is difficult
they occupied
position which
religiouslife of eighteenth-centuryAmerica.
the
only when
read
we
maintain
unity
the
plausiblepretense
of
human
have
no,
in
believe
we
stances
in-
many
have
they at
Confessedly, demonstrably,
in the several parties
even
intention; but
end?
the
not;
purity has always been
the compilers and abettors
and
sincere
their
they
faintly
even
can
we
and
of
systems,
all answered
that
It is
situation.
appreciate the
"To
Address"
and
"Declaration
the
in
memorable
like the
document
a
stand
under-
to
not
less
strictlyadopted them; much
of her
Instead
the catholic professing body.
to
catholic
constitutional
unity and purity, what does
logue
the Church
present us with, at this day, but a cataeach
sectarian
of sects and
binding
systems
which
have
most
"
its
respective party, by
engagements,
continue
to
What
world
the
a
....
Christian
The
and
creedal
always
"
unity
drawn
"Declaration
p.
126
and
with
Address,"
end
solemn
of
these
the
for
*
of
statements
up
substitute
sorry
love."
the
it is to
as
and
sacred
most
the
as
church
idea
quoted
of
in
history
unifying
"Historical
were
their
ments,"
Docu-
YEARS
HUNDRED
ONE
71
AGO
burst
fully
truthpractice,as the "Declaration"
divisive.
always proven
asserts, they have
be imprisoned w^ithin the
not
thought can
shell of older speculation. It will always
is precisely
This
and
the wineskins
escape.
what
it has
In
adherents.
Human
outworn
The
creedal
pronouncement
in
another
into
mind
had
sect
the
church
the
enter
articles
of
articles
of
meant
It
strait-jacket.
a
its
with
patience
no
To
sect.
trated
amply illuseighteenth-
more
never
Each
had
faith, and
was
religioushistory of
the
America.
century
men's
bind
to
tory.
religioushisthinking by
stage of
every
attempt
than
your
in
done
to
put
there
is true
variety of jackets,but they
break.
all equally guaranteed not
to bend
or
were
Moreover, if you put on one, your action separated
was
you
infinite
almost
an
forever
from
The
^.
,
tional
,."
T,
had
who
those
Formalism
,
.
this
others.
on
religion which
widely prevalent at
ideal
most
was
put
of
,
-
,
,
time
largely
was
,.
.
formalistic.
specificrites, and these
placed upon
rites were
regarded as essentials. The doctrine of
communions.
infant
damnation
prevailed in most
jected
subAccording to this view, unless a child was
to
a
specificrite of the Church, it was
Stress
was
lost, in the
forever
The
external
of
event
fortunate
Not
was
taint
only
Catholic
of
this
Church,
belief
but
practicallyuniversal
dying
however,
ceremony,
"original sin"
recipient from the
called
its
it
and
was
removed
also
faith of current
infancy.
the
so-
transferred
inferno
universal
in
to
in
a
the
part
its
paradise.
Roman
of
the
Protestantism.
HOW
n
belief
The
led
the
to
was
time.
The
founders
regarded
severe
condemnation.
appeal
for
no
that
that
that
so
we
happy
ministers
there
must
and
was
of
worthy
with
tically
prac-
an
end
might
leave
united
and
ministers
to
hide
they rather
Church.
can
irritate and
not
We
from
Summary
accurate
picture
"Declaration
and
Have
they
to
his
the
Address"
the
possible to
find
such
Address,"
times
p.
13.
a
afford
any
are
so
people?
?"
as
is
dency
ten-
honorabl
dis-
Do
'
already quoted
have
for
the
even
us,
Campbell,
of
here; that
sins that
Pensively from
is it
else
hearts
our
produce them
^^^^^" ^"^
tiotan?Address"
nowhere
in
divisions
our
hurtful
and
all unite
must
what
gratification,
of
the multitude
Gk)d,
our
divisions
people?
or
it; there
find
What
meantime,
to
nor
blessing behind
a
sider
con-
grave;
We
could
we
the
beyond
short-lived
our
in
end!
an
God
to
to
lies
to
but
people would
divisions
no
are
come
Would
to
6.
procedure
charity met
and
which
utility,in the
either
tians
Chris-
to
Campbell's fervent
universal
world
divisions
put
ment
move-
response.
''Oh
to
table
Such
the
synagogue"
the
Lord's
Thomas
more
a
of
heretical
extremely
as
Restoration
out
all denominations.
of
churches
later
the
open
together,
commune
most
the
of
they threw
there!
of
reHgion
formalistic
to
practically''cast
of
in
refusal
widespread
were
because
efficacyof
in the
characteristic
which
UNION
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
TO
ex-
great "DeclaThomas
of
that
reason
a
vivid
given
in
and
this
74
HOW
dom
TO
do
PROMOTE
in those
many
of
of
broken
with
that
evil
world
"
nance
ordi-
great
does
things interfere
Christians,
amongst
essential
so
in
pensation
dis-
of
the
in
divided
so
;
is
the
sadly, also,
state
another, which
comfort,
that
How
love.
confused
and
enjoy
Supper,
spiritualintercourse
edification
UNION
circumstances
Lord's
and
and
with
one
the
unity
this
CHRISTIAN
midst
of
their
to
present
a
sentiment,
and,
of
living at such distances, that but few of
the
same
opinion or
conveniently and
party can
frequentlyassemble for religiouspurposes, or enjoy
course,
a
due
even
to
frequency of
where
things are
settled
relaxed
ministerial
in
a
churches, how
better
is the
the influence
under
of
a
And
attentions.
state
with
respect
of
discipline
party spirit;many
due
strictness,lest
tone
being afraid to exercise it with
their people should
leave them, and, under
the cloak
of some
spurious pretense, find refuge in the bosom
of another
to be told, so
party; while, lamentable
is the
visions
diChurch, with those accursed
corrupt
that
there
find admission
in
Thus,
of
into
great
a
the
due
evil
yet
divine
dread
base
so
measure,
from
the
Church
preservation of which,
comfort, glory
the
few
and
usefulness
result
remains,
of
to
not
as
professing party or other.
is that Scripturalpurity
some
banished
communion
upon
but
are
of
a
our
very
of
much
God
of
;
her
plete
depends. To comwoeful
divisions,one
awful
nature:
the
displeasure justly provoked with this sad
holds
withperversion of the gospel of peace, the Lord
his
from
his gracious influential
presence
ordinances; and not un frequentlygives up the con-
ONE
tentious
to
authors
fall
the
the
mouths
of
and
thus
the
efficacious
to
and
multitudes
become
the
and
of
of
only
thing
promote
and
of
good
Jesus,
is
of
fall
dupes
an
of
the
easy
almost
or
visits
of
Eli.
while
another,
fall
or
the
hardened,
are
religion;
heaven,
under
the
secure
even
weak
the
blaspheme
man,
prey-
a
Meantime,
profane
to
with
Thus
grieved,
are
divinely
itual
spir-
present
the
gospel
to
unheard-of
of
gospel
while
contempt;
to
prey
them
one
God.
reduced
discord
religious
another,
and
75
devour
opened
deprived
observed,
house
parties
all
infidels
eternal
blessed
;
judgment
graceless
the
been
the
bite
of
religious
stumble,
the
did
one
righteous
truly
scandals
consumed
are
of
abettors
Christians
professing
to
and
he
as
AGO
YEARS
grievous
into
judgments,
they
HUNDRED
ministry,
as
seducers,
and
delusions."
has
so
76
HOW
TROMOTE
TO
CHRISTIAN
UNION
Questions
1.
Sketch
2.
What
the
can
American
America.
American
in
of
say
you
of
union
of
history
the
churches
Colonial
skepticism
period?
the
during
Revolution?
Outline
4.
Indians
the
to
5.
the
6.
Christians
in
the
at
regard
Why
did
8.
How
did
of
9.
10.
the
the
Seneca
Wesley's
movement
attitude
of
of
creeds
the
of
question
the
of
the
denominational
Protestant
nineteenth
tury
cen-
creed?
fail
time
formalism
to
unify?
affect
the
in
the
union?
Sketch
"Declaration
the
of
union?
beginning
to
7.
question
the
was
John
of
question
What
chiefs
missionary.
did
influence
upon
the
of
reply
Massachusetts
a
What
have
which
of
problem
What
3.
attitude
the
was
the
toward
rehgious
early
Campbell's
Thomas
and
What
Christians
can
views
Address."
you
of
say
this
of
age
the
felt
hatred
toward
and
each
jealousy
other?
V
The
Restoration
Movement
77
"
Its
ginning
Be-
OUTLINE"
1. Moral
CHAPTER
Condition
Religious
2.
Practical
3.
The
Cane
4.
The
Springfield
5.
The
Springfield
6.
The
7.
Final
of
Last
Ridge
V
Country.
the
Conditions
Revival.
Presbytery.
Will
Testament
and
of
the
Presbytery.
Witnesses'
Career
Address.
Stone
of
78
and
His
panions.
Com-
RESTORATION
THE
MOVEMENT"
ITS
BE-
GINNING
I.
Condi-
Moral
tion
of
the
Qf
Country
morality.
in
1798
issued
Europe
threaten
Scenes
of
the
the
destruction
of
and
world,
and
principles
infidelity, which
in
The
profligacy
morals
have
advanced
to
our
luxury,
6
declension
with
in
and
ful
fear-
religious
for
an
a
the
abounding
to
atheism
corruption
of
a
proportionate
progress
religion.
injustice, intemperance,
79
and
of
tends
instances
and
ilar
sim-
contempt
religion,
many
itself.
and
impiety
with
fellow-citizens,
our
among
of
institutions
and
laws
practice
religion.
pain
dereliction
general
prevailing
and
visible
a
in
convulsed
have
with
perceive
We
apprehension
lowing
fol-
unexampled
threatened
is
country
concomitants.
of
the
and
bloodshed
nations
modern
our
influx
convulsions
morals
to
and
devastation
history
the
Assembly
containing
and
innovations
"Formidable
in
decadence
General
letter
the
situation:
the
of
new
alarming
an
general
a
epitome
the
Presbyterian
The
of
prevalent
with
combined
of
condition
close
divisions
sketch
hasty
a
the
at
infidelity, produced
in
drawn
religious
The
century.
world,
French
in
^j^g
America
eighteenth
Christian
have
We
the
Profaneness,
lewdness,
and
public
pride,
every
TO'
HOW
80
PROMOTE
UNION
CHRISTIAN
species of debauchery
and
loose
indulgence,greatly
abound."
historians
Contemporary
the
than
York
New
that
it
was
a
the
best
difficult matter
a
he
drunkards,
that
drink
man
same
at
far
so
or
addicted
their
usefulness
stated
that
which
he
the
of
the
either
of
use
at
present
were
a
among
up
were
aged ministers
two
of
strong
This
impaired."
was
was
visits
D.D., quotes
who
to
a
One
history
"reckon
could
any,
record
on
pastoral
the
for
ministers
acquaintances forty
his
make
Dorchester,
said that
who
minister
statement
to
1820
year
intoxicated.
becoming
Daniel
Rev.
the
as
to
authorities
known
period, the
late
left the
has
day without
for
As
laity.
pastor
when
days
regularly drank
if
the clergy was
little,
when
intoxication,and
the
were
churches
Christian
of
members
better
These
overdrawn.
not
was
testifythat this picture
nation
ordi-
an
literally
drunk.^
practicallyunknown.
was
carousing
were
than
any
upon
wright, the
on
respect for the
times
these
During
record
more
other
famous
his
Day
Gambling, drinking and
Sunday
widely prevalent on
of
day
the
needs
of
only
Cart-
Peter
week.
evangelist,has
backwoods
impression
people. One
the
Lord's
the
moral
read
his
left
condition
of
stirringwords
These
were
gravity of the situation.
also the days when
the Kentucky Legislature moved
to
dispense with the services of the chaplain, and
to
realize
the
the motion
1
See
B.
carried
B.
by
a
Tyler's "History
substantial
of
the
majority.
Disciples
of
Christ,"
Chap.
I.
HOW
82
Mr.
TO
Beecher
of
the
further
Tom
in
him."
the
he
1810
year
met
never
bore
similar
when
they
read
barn
educated
be
The
unbeliever.
these
Tom
Bishop Meade, we
in Virginia made
to
UNION
school, "when
the
an
him
that
says
Paine
flax
dressed
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
either
eminent
testimony.
the
the
boys
Paine
the
days
who
and
told, as
are
lieved
be-
late
as
that
statement
without
man
young
a
were
pecting
ex-
skepticor an out-and-out
Kent,
jurist,Chancellor
educated
people
universally,in all ranks and professions,skepticism
the rule and
was
positive faith the exception. So
of
the tide that, in cultured
Boston, men
strong was
standing,something after the fashion of Nicodemus,
went
of
not
the community
Boston,
which
church
to
in order
had
Congregational
Among
the
incur
to
at
often
large.
the
been
ridicule
and
selves
them-
disdain
It is said that in 1800
center
retained
movement,
disguised
and
core
only
one
of
the
church
bigotry and divisions of
had brought religionto a serious
Protestant
sects
A
somewhat
and
amusing
alarming condition.
is
far this bigotry extended
illustration of how
lows
folas
given in Tyler's"History of the Disciples,"
loyalto
the
old
faith.
The
:
"President
and
Practices
Wayland,
of
the
in 'Notes
on
Baptists,'says
the
Principles
that
in
the
tellige
insettled in an
early part of his ministry he was
community in the goodly commonwealth
In his church
of Massachusetts.
was
a
gentleman
in the doctrines of the denominat
intelligent
had
of a Baptist minister, who
the son
interestingfamily, but devoted to worldliness.
reputed
an
to
be
RESTORATION
THE
Dr.
Wayland
speak
expressed
the
to
his
to
and
sons
piety;
of
were
Wayland
they
were
his
own
in
the
he
the
the
subject
of
time;
and
sonal
per-
if
they
as
Dr.
make
probably
He
would
conversation
would
sonal
per-
speak
to
one
elect, God
good
non-elect, such
suggested
no
the
to
objected!
wished
on
desire
a
subject of
father
of
83
father
on
the
daughters
if
them
convert
this
To
pastor that
the
the
to
people
young
religion.
assured
MOVEMENT
them
^
hypocrites."
It
is little wonder
in
that
Dr.
Dorchester
should
his
States"
that
"Christianityin the United
"the
most
pious people in the beginning of the
States entertained
present century [1800] in the United
say
faith
a
unlike
so
Christians
minds
on
our
as
the
their
religion which
belief of
present
almost
to
as
that
the
the
create
religionwas
we
impression
the
not
have, and
now
gelical
evan-
same
in which
believe."
we
These
were,
the
moreover,
when
days
majority
a
of
professingChristians opposed the introduction of
Sunday schools, Bible societies and missions on the
ground that these things conflicted with the sovereignty
of
God
the
and
doctrine
The
R
V*
See
this
We
the
definite
the
New
Tyler's "History
excellent
manual
recommend
subject of
the
move-
restoration
Testament
furnishingthe only possible basis
^
to
the
of
1
of
as
election.
beginning
for
nient
Ride-
of
which
of
for
its
the
perusal
it treats.
Disciples,"
other
p.
information
to
all who
6.
for
We
contained
are
further
Church,
Christian
are
in
indebted
this
ter.
chap-
interested
in
84
TO
HOW
unity, must
Ridge revival
be
Stone
born
was
near
December
24, 1772.
infancyof
his son,
moved
River
to
in
and
the
from
fairly dated
of Barton
UNION
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
Port
in 1779
Maryland,
during the
Tobacco,
father
His
Warren
Barton
Stone.
W.
died
the
Cane
great
mother
widowed
the Dan
Virginia,near
his early boyhood
PittsylvaniaCounty. From
Stone
the
was
backwoods
an
of
omnivorous
and
reader
a
student
pired
exceptionalpromise and ability. At first he asbecome
to
a
lawyer. During his college
his
turned
converted
and
however, he was
career,
the first he had
attention to the ministry. From
terian
scruples about the rigid theology of the Presbyhe
belonged, and these
Church, to which
ceived
Finally he rescruples delayed his ordination.
after a short ministry
a license to preach, and
of
Virginia and North Carolina he made his way in
In the
into Kentucky.
1796 through the wilderness
call to preach for the
fall of 1798 he received
a
Cane
churches
at
Concord, Bourbon
Ridge and
in
County.
On
July 2, 1801, he
Virginia,and upon
Campbell, of
that he would
Ridge announced
Thursday or Friday before the
This
meeting,
August, 1801.
Elizabeth
married
his return
begin
third
known
a
to
the
revival
Lord's
as
Cane
Day
the
in
Cane
of the most
extraordinary
one
Ridge revival, was
servative
Conin the early religious history of America.
at thirty
estimates
placed the attendance
The
thousand.
days and
assembly lasted for seven
seven
nights,and was
only discontinued because of
titude.
mula
of furnishing food for so vast
the difficulty
five preachers spoke at the same
Four
or
RESTORATION
THE
time
parts of
different
in
the
preachers united in
himself, in his account
engaged in singing
Baptist and
Presbyterian
proclaiming the gospel. Stone
of the revival,says: *'We all
the
same
preached the same
converts," he adds,
songs,
all united
things."
all
of
without
encampment
Methodist,
confusion.
prayer,
85
MOVEMENT
''will be
"The
known
in
ber
num-
only
in
eternity."
The
The
result
Rev.
Archibald
soon
of
this
revival
was
salutary.
most
George A. Baxter, D.D., in a letter to Dr.
tucky
Alexander, describing a visit to Kenthe following
after the revival, uses
language :
"On
informed
by settlers on the
that the character
of Kentucky travelers was
road
remarkable
as
entirelychanged, and that they were
for sobriety as
solutene
for disthey had formerly been
and
immorality ; and, indeed, I found
the most
moral
Kentucky, to appearances,
place I
A
had
ever
seen.
profane expression was
hardly
A religious
heard.
seemed
to pervade the
awe
ever
Upon the whole, I think the revival in
country.
Kentucky the most
extraordinary that has ever
visited the Church
of Christ, and, all things considered,
it was
stances
peculiarlyadapted to the circummy
way
of
the
I
was
country
into
which
it
came.
fidelity
In-
the
on
triumphant, and religionwas
expiring. Something extraordinaryseemed
the attention of a giddy people
to arrest
that Christianity
was
ready to conclude
and
This revival has
futurity a delusion.
was
point of
necessary
who
a
were
fable
done
it.
It has
confounded
and
infidelity,
brought
HOW
86
TO
numbers
beyond
'
Other
_
_,
4. The
PROMOTE
.
^
CHRISTIAN
calculation
writers
under
bear
,^
.
^u
"^r
^^^^^
.
it
r-
^^^
question by
to
which
Stone
preached
"The
of
Son
the
to
believe
in him
required us
sufficient
called
the
church
the doctrines
what
to
whole
be
cepted.
ac-
; that the
gospel
to
by
in his Son
in
Word
his
that
us;
and
they
means
be
never
and
believe
the
was
"
that
was
would
means
us
world
condition
on
until believed
evidence
if attended
the
"
men
this
this end
to
world
save
salvation ; that
God
of
acter
char-
was
testimony may
own
1
says:
loved
his
would
Stone's
it
members
to
the
doctrine preached by
distinguishing
God
sent
orthodox
"
Ridge revival,
produced
belonged. As
were,
He
that
the
t^-j
^^"^
long before
not
was
preaching which
in
sions."
impres-
similar
Presbytery
the
serious
testimony.
Notwithstanding the good ef-
Springfield
of
UNION
fectual
ef-
obeyed; that
and
had
given
produce faith,
to
sinners
capable of
are
understanding and believingthis testimony,and of
acting upon it by coming to the Saviour and obeying
him;
that
from
the
Holy
the
Spirit or
him
be
may
obtained
salvation
and
Spirit. We
sinners
lieve
beto
urged upon
and
receive salvation; that in vain they
now
looked
for the Spirit to be given them
while they
in unbelief; that they must
remained
believe before
was
as
or
ever
salvation
willingto
would
required, or
was
*
save
them
be; that
now
given;
as
he
that
God
ever
was
previous qualification
no
necessary,
Tyler's "History of the
be
would
in
Disciples,"
pp.
order
17, 18.
to
believe
in
and
Jesus
this
their divine
was
him
come
to
and
that
first
began
things
now
these
to
sleep
a
first time
the
for
see
responsiblebeings, and
were
in him
and
for
ready. When
things the people
from
just awakening
seemed
sinners,
were
beHeve
to
were
preach
to
as
They
warrant
they
salvation; that Jesus died
for
all
if
that
him;
to
come
87
MOVEMENT
RESTORATION
THE
that
of
we
peared
ap-
ages.
that
refusal
a
all
they
to
use
^
the
a
damning sin."
appointed was
of preaching, thoroughly orthodox
sort
means
This
almost
type from
extreme
1801.
It
Ridge
preachers
cited
for
not
was
doctrines
others
"
was
contrary
banded
the
condemned
was
to
in the
the
and
"Confession
together
was
The
for
of
result
ing
preachFaith."
Robert
John Dunlavy,
David
Purviance
with
heresies, and
same
themselves
McNemar
presbytery.
John Thompson,
Stone
was
Richard
named
that he
Marshall, B. W.
involved
to-day,
trial before
of the trial
Five
heresy of an
in
the prevailing point of view
of the Cane
long before one
community
any
in
in
"
were
McNemar
organization
known
the SpringfieldPresbytery. They
soon
as
after set forth their position in an
historic document
"The
bytery."
known
as
Apology of SpringfieldPresThis
"Apology" took advanced
ground
It declared
especiallyupon the question of creeds.
unequivocally in favor of abandoning all human
creeds
affirmed that the
tests of fellowship,and
as
Bible
alone
proof,
was
"profitablefor doctrine, for refor correction, for instruction
in righteous"Autobiography
of Barton
W.
a
new
Stone," Chap. VII.
HOW
88
TO
ness."
PROMOTE
Moreover,
alone, "the
furnished
the
by
of
man
CHRISTIAN
God
UNION
Bible,
be
may
and
all
could
had
unto
discovered
accepted
Their
that
be
not
the
name
in
the
found
their
as
of
of
change of organization. This was
June, 1804, through a remarkable
which
was
document
it is worth
and
synopsis of
Last
and
of
Will
the
field Pre
of
Thomas
Ridge
"
humor
quite
of
of
county
of
knowing
bodies
of
every
and
soundness
that
to
once
such
it
is
die:
body
this
is
pause
a
brief,
advanced
the
ideas
"
^'
t^
It
union.
"
is
good-natured
diflferent from
immortal
the
document
It
begins as follows:
Springfield,sittingat Cane
Bourbon,
being, through a
than ordinary bodily
more
gracious Providence, in
health, growing in health
perfect
the
ration
"Decla-
itself
vein of
in
Presbytery
of
permeated through-
written
seriousness
in the
and
,.
Campbell.
"The
the
to
Christian
^eg^^"^i"""r-t,
tej.y
in
known
while
^^j^j^^j^^ j^^g^
q^^^
Springsby-
tremendous
"Will"
compact,
Testament
a
its contents.
The
5. The
tice.
prac-
accomplished
revolutionaryas
as
Address,"
brief
a
they
faith and
Last Will and Testament
history as 'The
Springfield Presbytery." In its own
way
for
its
tion
organiza-
to
and
ence
exist-
before
the
Bible,
rule
only
in
standard, therefore, demanded
own
pronouncement
oughly
thor-
perfect, and
good works."
The
Springfield Presbytery remained
not
only a short time. It was
long
members
Bible
the
and
composure
size
daily; and
of
mind
;
in
but
appointed for all delegated
and
considering that the life
is very
uncertain, do
make
and
TO
HOW
90
having
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
one
book, than
the
lightof the
having
UNION
to
many
be
into
cast
hell."
In
tide
against denominationalism
article, written, it will
hundred
years
settingso
now
strongly
be
final
the
everywhere,
remembered,
strangely prophetic.
that all our
sister bodies
zvill,
sounds
ago,
"Item, Finally we
their Bibles
read
fate there
it is too
see
carefully,that they may
for death
determined, and prepare
late."
These
Witnesses*
6. The
.
a
over
their
before
forward-looking words.
Will
the "Last
to
Appended
are
and j
t-
"
^j"
lestament
^
"
i,
is
,,
bnei
a
x
i.
i.
state-
Address
by
ment
which
we
is
constrained
are
forth
sets
admirable
so
the
ideal
in
When
great
these
the
will
words
literature of
the
from
quote
of
Christian
final
the
story of
substance
to
absolutely epoch-making
reunion
stand
of
way
in
page
of
out
spirit that
and
it at
unity
the
explanation,
large.
in
a
history of
is
the
written
divided
pre-eminent
It
manner
tianity.
Chrisin
the
Church,
in
the
ages:
they [the witnesses to the
Will
the
divisions
and
"Last
Testament"] viewed
and
cipally
professing Christians, prinparty spiritamong
and
creeds
owing to the adoption of human
united
of
While
forms
they were
government.
under
of a Presbytery, they endeavored
the form
all
cultivate
to
a
unity with
spirit of love and
Christians ; but
found
it extremely difficult to
the idea that they themselves
a
were
party
suppress
"With
*
The
deep
"Witnesses'
concern
Address.
RESTORATION
THE
proportionto
their
and
were
view
them
in the
they undertook
with
to
entitled 'Observations
the world
which
will
At
inations;
denom-
before
those
Government,'
beautiful
the
see
ousies
Jeal-
parties,to
their last meeting
the press
a
piece
Church
on
in
various
for
prepare
other
laid
the
light.
same
ministry.
of
temptation was
a
connected
who
minds
the
in
the
in
success
excited
were
91
difficuUy increased
The
others.
separate from
MOVEMENT
in
simplicityof
church
ventions
ingovernment, stript of human
and
lordly traditions. As they proceeded
found
of that subject,they soon
in the investigation
neither precept nor
that there was
example in the
Christian
modern
they
continued
then
stood, they
of
have
a
the
which
foundation
which
of
Christ
while
they
of
the
himself
is
However
gone
out
under
the
name
self-constituted body. Therefore,
principleof
preciouscause
love
a
to
Christians
of every
name,
and
from
the
Jesus,and dying sinners who are
the Lord
by the existence of sects and
the Church, they have
cheerfully consented
kept from
parties in
of
retire from
parties"sink
die the
off
were
in
semblies,
As-
just, therefore,
church government might have been,
of
they would
to
connection
corner-stone.
their views
sanction
the
in
Prophets,
Apostles and
chief
they concluded, that
Hence
etc.
"
as
Sessions, Presbyteries,
Synods, General
Church
the
confederacies
such
for
Testament
New
out
death."
"Historic
of
the din and
the view
'
Documents,"
pp.
24,
25.
fury of conflicting
of fleshlyminds
and
HOW
92
TO
PROMOTE
CHRISTIAN
Few
of
7. Final
Stone
C^eer
His
who
men
^j^^ ^-^-^^
^^
it when
catches
the
them
These
two
.
moment
able
are
in
its
Of
embrace.
"Last
true
to
and
their
ideal
immersion
the
as
himself
reacted
baptism,
only
and
recantation
heresies, much
the
Inquisitionof
recantation.
Shaker
history
Marshall,
Stone
a
strength
in
to
and
returned
to
the
resistless
Stone.
made
the
joined
the
Their
it.
to
the
on
their
to
their
basis
of
followers
throw
their
started
where
else-
the
apostles
outshine
in
fashion
fold.
current
Gentle
open
Thompson,
They lived to see
mighty host, and still later
Warren
he
true
union
an
the
left
remained
Christian
of
orthodox
to
the orthodox
Purviance
in
form
Dunlavy
afterward
and
others,
belief
a
times, and
end.
David
the
after
by the Campbells. Among
religious freedom, few
names
Barton
Of
alone.
into
and
practicallyunknown.
universal
Bible
number
is
and
plea of
older
who
the
to
presbytery required
McNemar
community
six
Testament,"
returned
His
his
reaction
Testament
Presbyterianism.
of
of
leader,
New
.
faithful
the
Will
Stone, the
were
,
remain
to
follower.
Purviance, his youngest
Marshall, after converting Stone
the
at
their
in
slow, enervating tug
signed the immortal
remained
only two
like
ideal
,
exalted
^^^^^
lives
later
caught
splendid
^
,
of
have
and
Companions
to
UNION
temper,
that
of
of
fervent
spirit,catholic in sympathy, with a far-seeing
of his own
intellect,altogether beyond the sweep
of the peculiarly sublime
day, he stands out as one
union.
figures in the great quest for Christian
RESTORATION
THE
He
realized,
life
shall
life
for
no
less
my
than
infinitely
world-wide
the
shall
sake
to
and
larger
Christian
to
will
"Whosoever
will
find
it,"
apply
The
lose
life
its
of
union.
have
"Whosoever
individuals.
willing
93
leaders
religious
words
it,"
lose
was
the
few
as
that
realized,
MOVEMENT
the
great
and
lose
movement
his
churches
to
it
his
save
Springfield
life,
ever
has
bytery
Presfound
for
HOW
94
TO
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
UNION
Questions
the
1. Sketch
America
at
the
What
2.
moral
of
close
situation
3. What
and
religious
the
eighteenth century.
prevailed
authors
were
attitude
was
of
condition
in
the
colleges?
read
widely
most
by the
?
people
4.
What
of
religion
5.
How
the
on
the
did
part
the
toward
common
of
Cane
people
of
Ridge
revival
tion
ques-
all classes?
come
?
about
6.
Sketch
7.
What
life of
the
the
was
B.
Stone.
W.
of
result
the
Cane
Ridge
revival?
8.
the
Sketch
of
organization
the
Springfield
Presbytery.
9.
to
did
How
the
Springfield Presbytery
come
end?
an
10.
Give
the
substance
of
the
"Last
Will
and
Testament."
Will
11.
Summarize
12.
What
and
13.
W.
*'
Witnesses'
of
became
the
Address."
signers of
the
*'Last
Testament"?
What
Stone
the
the
was
upon
the
special influence
movement
for
of
Christian
Barton
union?
VI
The
Restoration
Movement
(Continued)
95
OUTLINE"
1. The
Campbells.
2.
The
Declaration
3.
The
Campbells
4.
Union
5. The
6.
Final
7. Union
8.
Later
CHAPTER
Sermon
on
with
Progress
Baptism.
and
the
Break
Address.
and
with
VI
Baptists.
Law.
the
with
the
Stone
and
of
the
96
Baptists.
His
Followers.
Restoration
ment.
Move-
now
98
TO
PROMOTE
listened
"I
in
the
to
UNION
CHRISTIAN
father
your
in
for
city, pleading
General
our
union
a
bly
Assem-
between
the
Burghers and Anti-Burghers. But, sir, while in
him.'*
opinion he outargued them, they outvoted
my
In 1807 Thomas
and
to America
Campbell came
in
settled
employment
Chartiers
as
minister
a
in
the
incurred
church.
own
the
presbytery
he
which
to
guilty. He
appealed
North
America, and,
notable
made
sentence
less, the
from
relations
this
time
rupture.
open
arrived
from
Alexander
at
of
age,
years
own
12, 1788.
became
In
the
this time
having
The
a
young
his
major training having
the
great
Scottish
Upon
espoused
became
arrival
his
his
of
father
the
cause
chief
Alexander
withdrew
in
the
the
church
his
point of
Alexander
son
of
1809.
twenty-two
over
Ireland, September
educated,
well
man
w^as
been
received
in
one
of
gow.
University of Glasly
warmAmerica, Alexander
schools
arriving
of
None
autumn
little
born
been
of
Synod
the
to
the
was
found
was
and
his
meantime,
in
his
before
tried
presbytery.
strained
Scotland
in
relieved
was
himself
between
munions
com-
Supper
was
his
hearing of his case
eloquent defense, the
he
his
by
other
Associate
a
and
administered
censure
the
after
reversed
of
Lord's
he
of
some
belonged, and
to
his
by
was
members
this offense
For
Presbytery of
preaching in this
displeasureof
parishionersby invitingthe
to
partake of the
obtained
soon
the
While
Pittsburgh.
near
he
section
He
Pennsylvania.
western
in
the
"
of
his
lieutenant.
Campbell
from
the
father
and
at
after
Not
long
in
America,
Presbytery
once
of
he
the
and
Char-
RESTORATION
THE
MOVEMENT
99
association of Christians,
organized a new
bytery.
somewhat
analogous to Stone's Springfield PresThe
new
styled "The
organization was
Association
of Washington, Pennsylvania."
Christian
It was
no
part of the Campbells' idea to organize
church.
new
a
Nothing, indeed, could have been
more
foreign to the union ideas of Thomas
cially,
espeanother
than
to add
body to the already too
In organizing the
of Christendom.
sects
numerous
Association"
the
"Christian
only thought of its
founders
labor "as a society for the proto
was
motion
of Christian
under
union
the auspices and
with the approval of the Presbyterian Church, and
tion."
denominaavoid
the organization of a new
thus
ized
this point Dr. Richardson, the authorOn
ever,
Campbell, says, howbiographer of Alexander
admission
into
obtain
that "the
society must
be
some
regularly organized religious body, or
resolve
itself compelled to change its attitude and
tiers and
'
itself
into
which
Thomas
avoid.
It
overlook
would
a
terms
course,
A
^
the
on
have
2
desired
particularly
of
dread
ultimate
the
religiousbody that caused
absurdity of expecting that
him,
and
proposed.
its bosom
the
For
those
destruction
been
movement
Tyler.
alternative
an
"
new
receive
into
bent
this very
the
the
on
Campbell
was
of
church
independent
an
"Memoirs
of
society he
a
party
who
him
any
to
mation
forto
sect
represented,
to
have
mitted
ad-
avowedly
partyism would, of
were
*
perfectlysuicidal."
having as its ideal the
of
Alexander
Campbell,"
Vol.
destruction
I., p. 330.
HOW
100
of
TO
PROMOTE
CHRISTIAN
denominationalism
could
by a denomination.
either
however, seemed
denomination
of
both
alternatives
the
former
the
and
tion
.
the
cepted
ac-
a
ing
exist-
an
new
To
one.
Campbells
were
they undoubtedly
two
the
to
ferred
pre-
latter.
Shortly after the Christian Association was
organized, Thomas
"
,
accepted by
create
of
opposed, though
be
be
course,
practical situation,
else to
or
these
not, of
The
to
UNION
,,
^
Address
_
,
,
,,
Campbell
of
statement
title of
the
production
of
the
the
has
position
and
"Declaration
broad-minded
of
Address."
and
In
literature it would
or
it under
published
movement.
be
,
elaborate
an
hard
the
to
composition.
This
Charta
styled the Magna
well
been
Restoration
Christian
irenic
his
,
prepared
of
annals
find
It
a
more
takes
its
truly epoch-making documents
of Christian
of religioushistory. Every student
laration
should
union
by reading the "Decbegin his work
notable
and
Address."
Perhaps the most
thing about it is the spiritof Christian charity
is not a touch
which
it breathes throughout. There
of the good-humored
of the controversial,none
even
irony of Stone and his companions. The Campbells
place
as
were
too
one
quick by
and
in
the
serious
the
for
levity. They
were
cut
to
the
dissensions
of
tians,
professing Chris-
only anxious
to
heal
bitter
were
visible
the
body
of
Christ.
We
can
the
not,
wounds
in
the
that
disposal,quote at length from
"Declaration," but feel it absolutely essential
of
should
least give a brief summary
at
we
the
propositionsregarding
limited
the
space
at
our
belief which
it contains.
RESTORATION
THE
These
first is
in the
so
propositionsare
that
significant
of
language
one,
thirteen
in number.
it must
be
the Church
That
intentionallyand
essentially,
consistingof all those in every
faith
The
entire
quoted
Christ
in
and
Christ
of
is
their
101
the author.
"Proposition 1.
earth
MOVEMENT
upon
constitutionally
place that profess
obedience
to
him
in
things according to the Scriptures, and that
manifest
the same
by their tempers and conduct,
be truly and
and
of none
else can
else; as none
properly called Christians."
This first article should be given a place in the
highest category of those
uninspired expressions
Vi^hich have
for Christian
helped to pave the way
immortal
of
the
union.
Like
utterances
Stone,
all
these
idealism.
No
been
ever
touch
words
the
better
given,
highest
definition
the
has
nor
of
Christian
in
level
Christian
a
of
ideal
has
Christian
received
full-orbed
terse
more
or
unity ever
expression.
Proposition II. acknowledges the necessity for
sists
separate local organizations of Christians, but inthat there
"ought
divisions
among
walk
by
same
thing; and
the
same
the
same
mind
rule
The
of
that
faith
III.
no
schisms
or
itable
unchar-
"ought all to
and
rule, to mind
speak the
be perfectlyjoined together in
was
Christians
or
be
them."
in the
and
Proposition
declared
to
to
They
judgment."
epoch-making in
same
should
practice save
of the
concluding terms
anything to be admitted, as
be
the
bound
word
statement,
of
divine
that
"Nor
by
of
it
no
God.
ought
obligation,in
their
PROMOTE
TO
HOW
102
constitution
Church
what
is expressly
Lord
Jesus
and
Christ
approved precedent," when
*'Then, sir, you
and
baptism
to
seems
me,
Christian
after
a
make
of
If
and
and
the purpose
latter alone
of
book
the
It declares
the New.
of the
the constitution
contain
the
pose
pur-
that
New
received
into the
or
be made
a
is not
old
or
human
the
creeds
VI.
Proposition
Christian
theology,
that
binding
such
this
power
material
intended
Proposition
is
should
for
VII.
the
not
and
such
consciences
therefore
Church
continues
This
Testament."
invalidityof
as
binding upon
tradition
the
Christians,
among
acknowledges
value
upon
New
the
as
proposition asserted
or
communion
of
term
as
faith
"nothing ought to
worship of the Church,
that
declares
be
No
cept
pre-
express
Scriptures and
Testament
of
value
Proposition V.
claims
it
which,
Church.
Testament
that
infant
between
distinguishes
IV.
of the Old
value
up
it."
abandon
Proposition
found
not
latter,
Campbell replied,
the testimony we
must
therein, we
and
law
an
any
Thomas
the
"To
appeal.
course
in
example
express
pause:
produce
to
the
for
practices
not
can
you
Scriptures."
our
the
other
some
an
or
abandon
must
father
by his
reply from
and
give
read
elicited the prompt
Alexander
but
management,
enjoined by the authority of our
the New
his apostles upon
and
terms
or
by
; either in express
Church
Testament
UNION
CHRISTIAN
Church
dition
tra-
Christians.
value
of
inference,
but
the
give
it
as
to
of
Christians.
go
into
a
fession
con-
universal.
the
thought
sug-
RESTORATION
THE
103
MOVEMENT
gested in V. and VI., and elaborates it further by
the
to
impossibilityof highly
calling attention
being understood
by the
speculativedogmas ever
of the Church, even
of the adherents
bulk
though
A
creed which
doctrinallycorrect.
be understood
can
by scholars alone is not the
for
Church
the
creed
true
universal, for ''the
the beginning did, and ever
from
Church
sist
will,conbe
should
they
little children
of
and
well
as
men,
young
as
fathers."
Proposition VIII.
should
but
only
Christ
a
and
states
that
at
membership,
of
faith in Jesus
simple confession
an
expressed willingness to accept his
their
God,
of the
should
same
should
Christ
consider
statement
of
beautiful
that
partialquotation.
manifest
"in
their
tempers
each
other
as
profession
should
of
least
of
followers
fession
pro-
for church
be demanded
lordship in all things.
Proposition IX. is a beautiful
of all Christians, so
brotherhood
deserves
elaborate
no
love
family
each
and
other
It says
the
and
the
it
that
all
realityof
conduct,
the
as
precious saints
brethren, children
Father, temples of the
same
of the same
Spirit,members
body, subjects of the
divine love, bought
same
grace, objects of the same
the same
with
of the same
price, and joint-heirs
inheritance."
Proposition X. is an equally forcible statement
of the sin and
follyof Christian divisions,claiming
that they are
antichristian and
anti"antiscriptural,
natural."
Proposition
XL
claims
that
a
neglect
of
the
HOW
104
TO
will of
revealed
of
PROMOTE
God,
that
have
for
taken
ever
preach
observed
Church
that
exhibited
The
the
the
God."
of
the
of
work
command
and
divine
the
in
be
the
division
to
without
or
^
B^"^'^
dress"
to
the
consideration
attention
them
rubbish
it, and
toward
"Declaration
divine
no
expedients
occasion
as
mands,
de-
contention
any
and
to
of
ages,
it
on
desired
Address,"
purpose
for
way
fundamental
first
a
Christians, by
among
truths,
principles,clearing
by removing
fencing
the
the
Ad-
and
its
that
prepare
their
before
is
These
stated
calling
"directingtheir
there
time
of
promotion
"Declaration
Scriptural unity
to
full
Church.*
in the
permanent
See
primitive
opinions
the
produce
never
was
upon
human
case.
The
"
the
proposition grants
last
time
should
^
blocks
should
Testament,
of
the
from
altered
and
way
of
New
those
save
ordinances
expedients for
Church, where
governing
d
binding
manner
the
in
thirteenth
human
*
divisions
and
membership
as
wdiatsoever
liberty to
the
is
men,
of men."
inventions
or
of
Church
the
defines
"after
additions
may
in
assumption
part
corruptions
doctrines
no
revealed, and
any
the
the
solely dependent upon the acceptance of
adherence
the
to
Scriptures; that ministers
should
be
with
on
place
XII.
UNION
as
and
thus
the
"all
Proposition
Church
combined
authority
unwarranted
responsible
CHRISTIAN
which
each
the
has
stumbling-
side, that
object they
Centennial
thrown
been
edition.
may
in
vancing
adnot
106
HOW
TO
PROMOTE
from
widely
more
drew
naturally
CHRISTIAN
their
them
Presbyterian associates,but
closer
the
to
Campbell especiallywas
preacher
a
and
the
in
Church
with
as
gations,
congre-
mutually
of this situation
Run
ander
Alex-
demand
great
feelings were
outcome
Brush
Baptists.
neighboring Baptist
fraternal
The
of
the
among
UNION
was
the
pressed.
ex-
union
a
Baptist
stone
Red-
Association.
When
__
.
.
4. Union
with
,
vt
it
some
serious
these
difficulties
to
creedal
points
Faith"
hope
of
to
effect the
and
"a
however,
creeds
who
"in
some
'
to
their
their
the
that
was
with
his
of
or
one
less, the
the
pacific
brethren
the
"Declaration
gave
ten
pression,
explicit ex-
of
pages
independence
determination
was
consummated,
was
Church
eight
Church
deeply the idea
especiallywilling
the union
Run
of
Association
Run
few
author
1
were
chief
exchanging
lamented
the
there
The
None
so
Peace
Before
Brush
and
another.
church,"
the
dimensions,"
by
seemed
.
fession
Philadelphia "Con-
much
of
Address."
the
"
gain
union.
that
Redstone
Brush
new
the motto
the
first made
were
way.
the
for
Campbell,
founding
the
and
"
difference
of
in
creed
to
bondage
Thomas
always
human
a
not
union
n
^
recognized
that
was
x-
Baptists
was
difficulties
of
could
-n
xi
^^'
Baptists
adhered
for
overtures
the
of
large
human
preach
to
the
Scriptures alone.
The
Baptists,on
satisfied with
Millennial
the
Harbinger,
their
side,
arranc^ement.
Series
III., Vol.
not
were
Their
V.,
p.
346.
altogether
dissatisfac-
RESTORATION
THE
reached
tion
before
culmination
Cross
The
5.
""^
Sermon
on
^1
,.
,
r
invited
Originally
doubts
provided
for
his
a
Elder
Cox
I
the law
the
No
Pritchard
the
much
things around
subject. The
learned
thus
I
and
the tent
us,
and
result
of
the
see
much
understand
during
it.
The
the
overzealous
preachers, and
was
my
than
Elder
two
out
lady suddenly
in the
confusion
Into the
went
was,
a
line
dispensation
called
all seemed
we
;
long afterward) the
council
to
and
impulse
clear
This
way
second
the
a
old
the
on
proceeded.
engaged
draw
Christ.
created
not
At
me.
having
the
speak
to
resulted
"Not
says:
to
I got
into
which
gospel,the
preachers
I could
composed
became
situation
and
had
up
sick, and
audience.
got
came
of
three
taken
Closes
of
because
warning to
bell's
Campprogram.
the
induced
the
sooner
peculiar.
Campbell was
without
upon
the
was
mon
ser-
orthodoxy. The substitute
suddenly ill,however, and
preceded
and
new,
theme.
or
of
famous
program
almost
upon
the occasion
between
the
interesting. He
I asked
command,
subject at
and
took
attending
somewhat
and
discourse.
a
him
account
graphic
of
his
to
original place
own
is
from
as
called
was
take
styled,
r
this
speak, Mr.
to
switched
afterward
he
is
it
"
^1
of
were
certain
Campbell's
circumstances
delivery
L
th
the
upon
meeting of the regular Baptist Association
Creek, Virginia, 1816.
a
The
107
delivery of Alexander
the
on
Law," as
the
''Sermon
famous
at
historic
an
of
occasion
MOVEMENT
Finally,they
congregation
to forget the
of
merits
interval
elder
proposed
to
the
(as
I
called
them
HOW
108
to
have
by
a
said
:
'Elder
from
can
say,
annunciation,
we
would
Mr.
the
I
stand, repudiating
of
doctrine; but
such
make
to
the
yet prepared
Bible
we
were
One
not
am
not
people
sacrifice ourselves
an
and
not
Campbell'."
The
law
of
text
the
It
for 1846.
I. We
the
to
portions of
similar
outline
shall endeavor
attach
to
first written
was
The
II. Point
out
and
grace
published in
and
originalnotes,
are
but
1:17:
John
was
sermon
given by Moses,
was
by Jesus Christ."
from
up
what
''the laiif' in
phrase
came
the
binger
Har-
follows:
as
ascertain
to
truth
Millennial
the
is
"The
the
Scriptures.
those
things which
the
ideas
we
this
and
law
could
law
failed
accomplish.
not
accomplish
defects
from
In
of
the
the
these
has
God
remedied
those
tive
rela-
law.
last
place,
premises
deduce
such
conclusions
obviously
must
as
themselves
present
why the
reason
objects.
these
Illustrate how
IV.
V.
the
Demonstrate
III.
to
be
or
I
thing
one
the
Pritchard,
it be
whether
say
before
Baptist doctrine.*
'not
as
UNION
condemned
declaration
formal
elders
CHRISTIAN
forthwith
me
discourse
my
to
PROMOTE
TO
to
every
and
sarily
neces-
unbiased
and
mind.*
reflecting
is
There
would
not
be
everywhere,
scarcely anything in the
at
its sentiments
"
"Historical
churches
accepted to-day by orthodox
but
Documents,"
the
time
were
pp.
224,
the
discourse
little short
225.
which
sermon
was
of
livered,
de-
revolu-
RESTORATION
THE
Mr.
tionary.
Campbell,
himself
put
MOVEMENT
with
ness,
far-sighted-
unusual
line
in
109
the
with
progressive
has
become
interpretationof the Scriptures which
such a commonplace in later religiousthinking.He
historical conception of the
pleaded for a proper
of the Bible, and
denied
the
origin and purpose
universallyaccepted impression that all
possessed equal authority for
parts of the volume
Christians, for all future time.
absurd
but
"Sermon
The
Break
6. Final
".i_
.1-
with
the
-D
.'
made
was
j.u
j
,
by
was
great effort
a
'Sermon
on
the
of
brand
old
I
men,
by
added
that
this
sermon
years'
war
with
some
Association.
have
He
advocated
persecuted
further
"a
treat
that
me
as
did
is
some
the
not
so
Baptistsare
*
'
have
"Introduction
Millennial
of
the world
to
Harbinger,
did
he
that day, which
would
or
also
account
Baptist association
now
the part of two
the
1846.
on
the
the
in
the
he
not
seven
might
never
been
not
He
discourse.
think
there
that
continent
Redstone
evidence
a
was
would
Association
to
stationaryas
my
a
He
Redstone
if he had
this
a
three
*
of
that
by
majority."
him
members
my
denomination
But
involved
said
that
said
heresy.'
decided
a
.
its author.
proved
not
the
the Reformation
on
said
had
'damnable
saved
was
"
im-
same
part that this self-
from
great stretch of charity on
-
trial of
Campbell
my
Law'
excommunication
public
under
the
on
,
and
later,Mr.
Writing thirty years
"it
.^,
Baptists
Law"
ofr
j
s^round
the
.
peachment
the
on
mind
few
of
that
of them
believe."'
Sermon,"
Millennial
Harbinger,
1846.
HOW
110
TO
The
thus
war
Association
for
continued
expelled
were
CHRISTIAN
of
several
the
the
Redstone
and
years,
ended
They
Campbells.
the
from
UNION
in
inaugurated
withdrawal
the
in
PROMOTE
Baptist Church
never
from
nor
Baptist association.
any
became
the
Redstone
In
1827
Finally,however, the
unpleasant that they withdrew
so
and
this
from
the
entered
Mahoning Association.
adjourned sine die, the
association
majority having
ation
situ-
reached
the
conclusion
there
that
for such
Scriptural warrant
organization of
churches.
Alexander
opposed
Campbell himself was
the question
he did not
consider
to the action, as
is
no
involving anything
Willingly or otherwise, he
one
this
time
launched
on
miraculously
almost
Stone
successful
His
Stone,
the
began
union.
1
In
of
their
Both
the two
work
as
There
were
all
leaders
ardent
accepted
the
slightdifference
in
the
after
a
bell
Campin
coalesced
a
points of
particulars
few
the
advocates
Both
same.
of
Christian
the
Scriptures, and
Scriptures alone, as the only rule of
as
practice. Both believed in immersion
Christian
tolerant
were
baptism. Both
in ihcir views
religious subjects.
upon
a
Barton
between
essential
were
t^
by
1832,
movements
in
,
Kentucky
^"
two
Lexington, Kentucky.
minor
divergence, but
ideals
Reformation
the
..^
.
prolonged correspondence
and
the
of
the
traced
already
Stone.
W.
somewhat
and
"
^^^""
Followers
from
colaborers
career.
have
prorrress
'
expediency.
independent
an
upon
with
and
his
and
We
7. Union
than
more
nomenclature
faith
the
and
There
which
and
act
of
broad
was
they
THE
had
MOVEMENT
severally adopted.
adhered
only.
both
to
the
followers
of
''Christian,"and
name
Stone
"Christian"
Campbell preferred the term
''Disciple,"
he regarded it as
because
thoroughly Scriptural
also because
difference
This
The
111
Mr.
and
of
RESTORATION
was,
it gave
however,
less offense
different
parts of
the
waive
united
country,
indiscriminately.Neither
others.
the most,
at
They mutually agreed to
and to this day their
name,
to
the
use
Stone
insignificant.
the question
followers, in
titles
two
Campbell used
with
denominational
name
a
reference, and
any
with
this understanding the question became
one
of comparative indifference.
As
Mr.
Tyler puts
friends
the situation : "The
of Stone
did not
join
Alexander
did the
Campbell as their leader, nor
brethren of Campbell join B. W. Stone, but all,having
taken Jesus as their leader, became
one
body
Stoneites nor
not
Campbellites,but simply and only
of Christ, saints,brethren, children
Christians,disciples
of God.
And
why may not similar results be
between
other
brought about
peoples?"
John
"Raccoon
Smith, familiarlyknown
as
John," put
the situation this way:
"Let us then, my
brethren,
be no
longer Campbellitesor Stoneites,New
Lights
Old
or
Lights, or any other kind of Lights, but
let us
all come
the Bible, and
the Bible
to
to
in the world
that can
alone, as the only book
the
This
need."
has
been
give us
light we
the position of those who
there united ever
were
nor
"
'
""
since.
*
John
"History
Smith,"
8
of
the
Disciples of
by Williams,
p, 454.
Chjist,"
p.
74.
'
"Life
of
Elder
HOW
112
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
TO
From
8.
Progress
Later
of
^"
j^^^^^.^
"
"
fol-
Stone
and
Campbell
"
^i
i
r
movement
The
rapidity.
everywhere,
both
little to
a
chord
only
for
writer
as
the
and
to
basis
the
for
widespread
ceptance.
ac-
Alexander
contributed
orator,
of the
success
tians
Chris-
in
possible
commanded
union
return
a
j
nary
extraordi-
extraordinary ability of
The
Campbell,
-^
"""^."
Christian
for
appeal
the
wdiich
one
was
the
as
with
responsive
a
and
apostolic Church
union
^i
grew
sentiment
found
which
one
not
the
^^'^
J"'"'^^'*"'""" f^"""^*^''
Movement
was
when
time
Restora-
the
tion
the
UNION
After
movement.
Baptist,]\Ir. Campbell finally
Millennial
Harbinger, a monthly
founding- the Christian
the
originated
his influence.
enormously increased
journal which
Great colleges sprang
up, missionary societies were
propaganda instituted.
organized and a world-wide
with bitter hostility
At first the new
movement
met
everywhere, all sorts of opprobrious epithetswere
to
it and
applied
in
different
and
grew,
continues
far
by
its
inationalism, which
the
in
hold
upon
sects
and
ultimate
of
arc
the
of
days
was
of
still it lived
?^Iore
its
of
and
ant
import-
progress
has
principlesamong
the
immediate
religiousbodies
orthodox
but
persecutionwere
to-day.
grow
own
dissemination
the
been
than
places,
to
of
forms
various
attached
Denom-
Christendom.
openly defended
the Campbells, has
where
every-
lost
its
of all
Christians
religiousworld.
longed, for
long, as Camj-)bell
partiesnow
the
Christian
age
is for
all in its favor.
union.
The
union, and
The
the
crccdal
sentiment
dominant
signs
of
of
jx^sition
the
times
Thomas
HOW
114
TO
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
UNION
Questions
1. Sketch
the
of
time
the
his
life of
Thomas
Campbell
coming to America.
the
early career
2. Sketch
of
to
up
Alexander
Campbell.
3. What
by the "Christian
Washington, Pennsylvania"?
of
4. Under
what
5. Sketch
which
ration
"Decla-
the
different
propositions
it contained.
the
was
of
purpose
the
"Declaration
Address"?
and
7. Sketch
Brush
the
and
led
Thomas
character
and
organization
of
Church.
Run
8. What
the
to
immersion
of
Alexander
Campbell?
9. What
effect of
the
was
their
action
come
to
in this
?
matter
10.
the
the
was
prepared?
briefly
6. Wliat
the
circumstances
Address"
and
tion
Associa-
meant
was
How
did
the
Campbells
unite
with
Baptists?
11.
State
"Sermon
12.
13.
Sketch
followers
14.
the
the
Give
which
under
the
preached.
was
further
relations
of
the
bells
Camp-
Baptists.
the
with
State
Law"
the
on
with
circumstances
the
history of
those
the
of
the
union
of
Campbell's
Stone.
further
progress
of
the
united
movement.
15.
How
has
this movement
Christianityin general?
affected
Protestant
VII
The
New
Testament
115
Basis
of
Unity
OUTLINE"
1. Christian
2.
The
Function
3.
Creed.
4.
Ordinance.
CHAPTER
Character
the
of
the
5. Polity.
116
VII
First
Church.
Essential.
VII
THE
NEW
Christian
I.
Char-
Our
First
the
acter
BASIS
TESTAMENT
almost
far
thus
study
UNITY
OF
has
been
We
historical.
entirely
ssentia
j^^^^
the
the
Church,
Protestant
of
the
restoring
that
at
the
the
of
subject
such
as
solely
the
as
little to
Gospels
these
alone.
the
But
about
does
he
16:
life.
17-19;
18:
its
importance
as
the
had
a
His
117
duction
pro-
himself
had
twice
in
word,^
and
both
of
writings
of
great
deal
teaching
15-17.
itself.
Only
Church.
the
in
exists
the
is
the
of
in
end
an
Jesus
the
use
Christian
the
Church
the
is
scrutiny.
organization
never
occur
Jesus
consummated.
recognition
a
an
of
which
upon
of
character.
say
Christian
iMatt.
as
purpose
instances
is
cuss
dis-
be
discussion
and
Christian
basis
by
seems
to
pause
careful
most
Church
and
It
but
essential
means
Church.
may
one,
any
first
a
of
our
the
the
goal
very
large
a
approaching
that
The
is
unity
logical
Christians
all
Christian
should
we
the
detail
demand
to
religion,
fact
point
this
at
The
In
original apostolic
greater
union
for
and
beginnings
the
and
movement
the
ecclesiasticism,
Papal
Reformation,
progress
proper
of
rise
of
pristine unity
the
traced
to
in
Matthew
say
its
about
entirety
HOW
118
dealt
TO
of
and
purity.'
regarding
the
Above
tremendous
who
he
Practical
all
else, he
the
stainlessness
purity
and
feature
of
his
all.
upon
of
his
the
perfection
Even
Jews,
of
be
this
is
dared
"For
peach
im-
not
life.'' Pilate
at
his
Everywhere the moral
Jesus is the outstanding
of
heaven.
Paul's
kingdom of
but righteousnessand
Spirit." A late writer
the
^
much
of
peace
and
internal
rather
than
*
says
very
in
the
stated:
and
meat
joy
terms
ideal,but
spiritualand
is not
and
these
definition is well
God
to
God
Church
indicated
are
formal.
or
the
it is the
which
had
Doubtless
identified with
done
characteristics
external
the
the
often
when
of
power
fault in him.
no
Kingdom
may
tion.
atten-
made
Gospels.
The
Teacher, it is true,
supreme
occasion, of the Kingdom
say, upon
the
his
character
challenged
of
of
era
instructions
most
of
new
and
taught by
sinlessness
him, when
the
maxims
impression
trial found
with
life occupy
hated
UNION
character-building.In
begins by contrasting the
ceremonies
good
The
example.
with
discourse
forms
moral
a
CHRISTIAN
fundamentally
his greatest
era
PROMOTE
drink;
the
accurately:
Holy
"This
of the Church.
the first note
morality of Jesus was
lieved
beThe
Church
had
was
composed of those who
in him, were
regenerated by him, and, by the
indwelling of
him."
the
be well
of the
Horton.
Spirit,were
growing
like
'
It may
1
Holy
See
Matt.
^
"The
5:21-37.
brieflyanalyze the salient
moral
teachings of Jesus in
to
"
John
Early Church,"
8:46.
p.
106.
=
Rom.
14:17.
*
Rev.
acteristic
charorder
R.
F.
BASIS
that the Christian
The
in
first note
gospel
new
perfectlyclear.
become
ideal may
the
119
UNITY
OF
of
that
was
sonal
per-
ruler
rich
was
righteousness. The
young
and the
told first of all to obey the commandments,
were
directlydesignated/ In
more
important ones
the moral
the Mount
the Sermon
teaching of
on
is directlyemphasized and
Commandments
the Ten
the first essential in
Clean
reiterated.
living was
it had
been in that
all the preaching of Jesus, as
of John the Baptist, before
of the prophets and
The
chief features of the ideal of personal
him.
as
promulgated by the Master, were
righteousness,
of his whole
first of all humility,the corner-stone
such cardinal virtues
ethical teaching." Later came
perance,
chastity,temkindness, honesty,good citizenship,
as
all was
and
truthfulness
industry. Over
devotion
to
duty unsurpassed in the
a
supreme
thought or action." The ethics
history of human
of Jesus remain
unequaled in all the teaching of
the ages.*
The
moral
was
not,
goal of the great Teacher
however, confined to personal purity alone. Perhaps
in Its social
to be found
strikingnote was
before
never
as
emphasis. To-day we are realizing,
of this
the significance
since the apostolicage itself,
message.^ Jesus taught, as no other teacher ever
brotherhood.
value of human
taught it,the supreme
and
Love
(as love realized in actual experience)
its most
iMark
2
10:19.
Mark
9: 35, 36.
analysis of the ideal of personal righteousness
of
Christ,"
Professor
Part
II., Chap.
Rauschenbusch,
"Christianizing
the
Social
I.
^
See
books
"Christianity and
Order,"
and
*
3john4:34.
see
a
the author's
like
the
countless
For
the
two
Social
others.
complete
"Religion
volumes
Crisis"
of
and
HOW
120
TO
service
his
PROMOTE
the
were
He
gospel.
of
teachers
CHRISTIAN
UNION
pre-eminentlyoutstanding notes
the most
was
the
world.
others, and
the
social of
His
all the
joy
greatest
highest places
in
great
to
was
in his
Kingdom
for those who
reserved
were
were
willing to do
the same.^
This
element
of service
led, in the
early Church, to the finest spiritof brotherhood.
serve
As
historian'' expresses
it: *Tn
antiquityit [the
Christian
miraculous.
brotherhood] seemed
By it
the world
It
recognized the disciplesof Christ.
was
an
amazing and distinctive quality. In the
literature of the first age, especiallyin the early
for man
apologies,it is this divine love of man
which
is pressed as
the evidence
of
Christianity.
one
Christians
cared
would
for
die
and
sacrificed
another.
one
for
another,
one
Christians
loved
men
their enemies."''
even
Another
characteristic of
his proclamation of
was
for
and
Nazareth
Isaiah
the
he took
which
intellectual
paid less
to
proclaims
the prison"
Roman
and
This
moral.
attention
any
In
race.
other
Catholic
to
his
for
first
ing
teachvidual
indi-
the
at
sermon
the fine passage
from
other
things the
and
the bursting of the
freedom
to be physical,
was
Christendom
has
perhaps
among
the Christian
feature
Church
ethical
freedom
for his text
"opening of
captive'schains.*
than
Christ's
of
Christ's
not
was
ideal of
freedom
teaching.
indifferent
to
The
the
social ideal of
to
that
of
iMark
*Luke
4:
at least,not
Jesus, and, theoretically
personal righteousness,but the ideal of
10:40-45.
18.
2
Horton.
a
"The
Early
Church,"
p.
133.
HOW
122
ion
TO
PROMOTE
CHRISTIAN
UNION
performing of rites and ceremonies,
and were
scrupulouslyexact in their care to observe
these formalities.
Jesus, on the other hand, taught
that the mechanical
performance of religiousrites
for the soul
that it was
possessed no significance
as
a
mere
"
the
not
inside
outside
and
"
that of his
of
irony
of
the
that
cup
mattered, but
his
teaching clashed
constantly
contemporaries/ It seems
a
strange
that
the
with
sort
Church
the
calling itself after Jesus'
should many
times in later history have gone
name
to his opponents
this very question. Between
over
on
Christian
and
ceremonialism
Jewish ceremonialism
there
is not
could
not
with
his
followers
with
however,
on
the
of
the
Protestant
of
social
freedom
Jesus
to
to
character.
in different
that
say
ages,
but
substantial
usually show
age
few
Protestants
the
Christianityof a man
eousness
great ideals of personal rightservice
outlined
as
constitutes
and
in
of
this
intellectual
chapter.
and
There
recognitionof goodness as the
Christianityon the part of all people,
spontaneous
a
last word
*
the
what
vary
exception to
embodied
moral
same
It is safe
take
who
If
iota.
monialism
amalgamate Christian ceresame
teaching. Fundamentally,
at one
churches, at least, are
ideals sometimes
harmony.
the
the
ideals of the
would
an
of character-building
the goal
significance
as
Church.
Fundamentally, too, they are at
Ethical
the
of
to
in their definition of
one
is
difference
amalgamate the Pharisaical ceremonialism
own
teaching, it is surely too much
his
expect
the
See
New
Mark
in
7
Testament.
and
the
Sabbath-day
controversies
so
numerous
in
BASIS
and
good
a
effort
his
on
who
indeed
will not
Greek
the
of
test
usually
we
Christian.
If
The
partisan
Christian
to
his,^we
that
the
Paul
ultimate
have
man
of
it be
Apostle
life the
good
any
none
much
found, whether
the
informed
are
homage
Protestant.
or
without
hidebound
a
be
possession of
a
is
it may
123
detected
gladly pay
spiritof Christ, he is
then
He
part.
own
wherever
goodness
Catholic,
makes
is
man
UNITY
OF
the
not
told, and
are
the
of
presence
by its fruits love, joy, peace, longsuffering,gentleness, goodness, faith, meekness,
temperance.'^
known
Spiritis
As
Horton
goodness
goodness,
to
is the
maintained
be
faith and
Church
the
like him
Church
from
day
to
a
another
of
power
to
the
tuted
instiorganizationwas
goodness to help men
an
"
and
As
day.
to
end
an
no
practically
possesses
Church;
^
Christ
like
be
to
women
the
saving
Christian
develop
to
of
note
fore,
there-
by teaching,by discipline,
depends on it."
Church, then, as
The
"Goodness,
by 'provoking one
prayer,
works,' because
good
and
the idea:
expresses
true
a
by
"
value
more
grow
in
itself,the
and
may
be
Whenever
the Church
productive of infinite harm.
loses its capacity to develop and
foster individual
social morality, it has outlived
and
its usefulness
and
must
has
led
church
universe
iRom.
disappear.
It is
governments
to
organization.
The
is the
8:9.
2
kirk
Gal.
5:22,
sound
foster
best
with
23.
a
a
s
"The
instinct
which
religion and
police force
godly
minister
Early Church,"
in
and
p.
124.
the
the
a
HOW
124
TO
faithful
to
PROMOTE
intended
was
morahty, and, despite repeated
failures,it has, in the main, been
Recognizing the
the
Church
the
end,
the
organization
we
come
Church
of
Christ
^^^
^*
in
idea
involved
question of
a
first
as
analysis
be
to
noticed
analyze the
to
word
become
is
basis
thing
"church"
plex
com-
is
the
belief
of
standard
is, the
always precedes voluntary
thought
of
not
detailed
more
the
to
are
and
means
attempting
in
function
itself.
creed; that
who
those
the
as
to
now
and
place
proper
The
the
church
its mission.
to
for
UNION
of
and
perversions
of
The
congregation.
be the bulwark
true
CHRISTIAN
Thought
action, and
intelligent
members.
or
therefore
the
first
to
be
considered.
In
sketch
our
attention
the
to
who
those
was
the
of
As
the
Son
of
God
and
that
any
New
we
^
a
basis
of
Jesus
Saviour.^
and
There
is
for
evidence
no
used
was
membership
church
or
proved
ap-
in
the
age.
have
16:31;
Lord
statement
seen
in
our
history,departures from
have
universally led to
Acts
This
members.
it is
creedal
Testament
As
of
demanded
perhaps best expressed in
the Christ, the
of Peter, 'Thou
art
other
as
their
as
living God."
the
its
called
we
simple acknowledgment
a
confession
Son
become
to
single formula
a
early Church
the
primitive confession
wished
confession
as
of
also
Rom.
10:9,
rapid
this
resume
church
simple apostoliccreed
divisions.
10.
of
"
Matt.
The
16:16.
idea
has
BASIS
been
always
has
result
The
for
for the most
are
is
UNITY
125
but the
unify by clearer definition,
and
divide.
to
always to exclude
this result is simple enough. Creeds
ology
Thepart theologicalstatements.
to
been
reason
OF
of
thought,and thought is essentially
the thought of a past
progressive. Hence
matter
a
becomes
age
and
outworn
succeeding.
necessityfor
For
who
to
adhere
this
creedal
the
intolerable
reason
revision
dogmatic
is such
There
creed.
of
perfectlyhas
that
Peter
be
never
and
this
Less
than
this,one
More
has
the
about
develop
ever
the
not
that
plished
accom-
there
accept
believe
this,one
from
confession
it
may
can
be
Jesus as their
guide. This,
apostolicconfession
can
allows
lives
Christianity
order
only
originalapostolic
their ideal and
than
the
that
those
The
which
one
to
must
as
alone, the
all.
at
order
Saviour,
and
part of
and
been
as
In
outgrown.
at all,men
Christianity
Lord
be
age
constant
standards.
breadth
long
as
the
the
on
possibleuniversal creed must
for thought to expand
room
The
to age.
only creed
age
this
have
we
the
to
and
need
demands.
be
not
a
tian
Chris-
believe
in
of
Jesus.
Human
creeds have clearlyproven
divisive. The
Church
it knew
was
one
originallywhen
only the
divine creed.
Surely the only rational and certain
basis for creedal harmony is to return
to the apostolic
to
wear
order.
prevent
a
The
man
an
theology he
Arminian, a
he
accepts
name
acceptance
of
this creed
from
accepting and
pleases. He may
sacramentarian
Jesus with
his whole
or
does
not
ever
believingwhatbe
a
a
Calvinist
liberal,but
heart
as
or
if
his Lord
126
HOW
and
Saviour, he
TO
PROMOTE
is
else
Perhaps
Creeds,
are
is it
and
in
of
It is
Christians.
ministers
them
very
and
out
existence
of
"wear
and
Nicene
which
would
apostolicconfession
is
faith
churches
without
making any
kept strictlyfor
are
to, and
ideas
of
Protestant
many
the
is
ministers
almost
are
pret
inter-
peculiar fact
a
that
driven
never
by controversy.
disused
is, become
out" ; that
dogmas
the real standard
liberally.It
religiouscustoms
the
to
of the Master.
adhere
to
ground.
creeds
received
are
to-day, members
other profession. The
creeds
the
where
no-
there
interpretation
these
more
In
is
and
common
Apostles'
that this
noteworthy
and
becoming more
in
or
Here
creed,
assent
strained
followers
sincere
with
would
so-called
both
of
find
to,
be.
may
matter
yet without
passages
he
possible to
the
in
exclude
the
Christians
most
contained
else
in
ground
common
in addition
Christian
a
whatever
despite of,
UNION
CHRISTIAN
simply
They
and
unneces-
hence
and
disappear. Dogmatic creeds are
rapidly pursuing this pathway to-day, and thus the
is being opened for the acceptance
road
of that
broad
primitive and apostolicconfession which can
alone
world.
The
Federal
unify the Christian
sary,
Council
of
as
the
constituent
"Jesus
What
the
standard
churches.
of
the
divine
to
come
in
America
churches
Lord
recognizesas
for churches
soon
Christ
of
members
their
as
Council
Christian, must
required
Churches
the
which
individuals
be
who
the
nize
recog-
and
Saviour."
only
necessary
accept in order
to
cepts
ac-
to
only
make
be
styled
standard
up
the
BASIS
only possiblecreedal
The
Christendom
therefore
may
of Peter"
should
Hades
not
^^^
in the
creed.
can
thought
action
to
be
is
detect
no
of
regard
to
there
Protestants
and
observed
The
baptism
the
is
two
actions
most
divisions upon
nance
ordi-
What
one
must
as
number
scrutmy
severe
of
form
per-
Protestant
Testament,
of the Lord's
Supper
perpetually
by
one
in the New
substantial
Lord's
the mat-
regards the
as
and
accept baptism
the
deed.
generaldefinition
also
gates of
belief, so
or
fession
con-
Christian is embodied
a
The
than
more
the
deals with
and
unit
a
the
the Church
of ordinance.
Christian ordinances.
the ordinances
In
^f
the head
Christianityto-day
of
creed
united
a
in
which
upon
formal
What
under
come
found
As
with
do
to
believe in order
must
for
against which
prevail.
4. Ordinance
has
basis
be
that rock
127
built and
be
to
was
UNITY
OF
Supper.
these
nances
ordiAll
agreement.
the
as
nance
initiatoryordithe
rite
to
be
Christians.
questionof baptism have
accentuated by partisanstrife,or they might
been
long since have disappeared. Fundamentally there
is agreement now
the two
chiefly disputed
upon
points"the subjectsand actions of the ordinance.
As
the subjects,
all Christians are
to
agreed that
adults coming into the Church
should be baptized,
Christians disagree in regard to the acceptance
some
of infants, but there is common
ground for the
find
it is easy
to
baptism of adults. Moreover,
direct Scripturalauthority for adult baptism: it
find the same
is not
to
authorityfor infant
easy
the
position here
baptism.
Our
argument
upon
that
All
tians
of
the
any
itself.
question
all Chris-'
that
the
in
ground
common
upon
demand
not
show
is to
do
to
stand
to-day
does
merits
the
care
we
UNION
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
TO
HOW
128
subjects of baptism, that common
ground being the recognition of the necessity for
demand
churches
be
adults
to
baptized. Some
of
matter
the
this, but
than
more
therefore
positioncommon
a
exceptions, will
baptism. Some
thus
have
Supper
In
of
matter
there
it
observe
affusion;
the
is
mon
com-
it in
Christians.
the
same
way,
tially
Substan-
variation.
Sunday,
every
some
Some
the
use
ritual.
the same
practice much
the time and
frequency of
some
of
points
and
elements
the
of
few
presents
Protestant
divergence among
all partake
same
Obviously
estant
Prot-
the
is immersion."
here
Lord's
The
in
and
accepts immersion
alone.
of
act
accept af"usion.
positionsoccupied
One
ground
the
as
also
will
Christians
accepts immersion
one
immersion
accept
two
world.
dom.
Christen-
Protestant
to
baptism presents a similar
practically no
Christians, with
All
situation.
less ; it is
demands
of
action
The
We
church
no
vance
obser-
churches
monthly,
some
quarterly. Here, however, there is also common
If the
table be
Sunday,
spread every
ground.
the
As
do
so.
those who
prefer to abstain may
of brotherhood,
of the spirit
embodiment
significant
eucharist
the
feature
1
1.
See
and
of
the
VII.
appears
to
have
worship
of
the
the
author's
work
entitled
been
the
early Church.
"Christian
central
The
Baptism," Chaps.
V.,
of
head
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
TO
HOW
130
remains
there
ordinance;
UNION
the
third, the
question of polity.
In
this is the
to
world
byterian
hard
congregational. All three
the Scriptures,and
based
upon
definite common
ground in
be
find
to
"
the
and
least to
have
we
point of view of Christian union.
three
politiesin operation in the
to-day the episcopalian,the pres-
are
Christian
which
subjectwith
the
from
deal
that
acknowledged
be
must
difficult
most
There
at
respects it
many
Doubtless
bias
of the
it is very
personal
subject,and
into
enters
hard
any
to
claim
it is
them.
discussion
self
rid one's
One
thing
personal or ancestral element.
reasonably clear, and that is the fact that
seems
universal
whatever
ultimately become
polity may
be a polity which
in the Christian
world, it must
of
the
guarantees freedom
days of tyranny
are
individual
the
to
over
in either
The
Christian.
church
state.
or
is
increasingly
is becoming
this trend
toward
democracy, and
The
three polities
stronger as the years pass on.
cal
represent the monarchical, oligarchijust mentioned
of
trend
The
modern
It is hard
large
be
that
saying
solved
to
how
see
the
of
the
schism
by
the
the Christian
tively.
respecworld
trend
ideal.
democratic
of
government.
of the Reformation
monarchical
was
in
necessitated
despotism
assumed
tirely
en-
the
the
line with
The
is
This
Congregationalismhas
problem, but it is saying that
such, is
at
any
modern
congregationalideal, as
historical
government
ultimatelybrought together under
form
some
save
not
can
of
ideals
democratic
and
government
original
as
much
by
the
BASIS
Rome
of
Church
the
When
it
lords
of
the
over
Israel of
the
and
to
with
no
will
and
not
individual
is
definite statement
a
is also
definite
a
The
not
in
that
of
of
the
the
apostolic age
personal acquaintance
possession of
of their
lord
to
first selection
church
of
Jerusalem, the
the personnel of
"^
exercised
have
to
churches
which
influence
authority of
of
a
in the New
Acts
6:
3.
he
2
Rom.
12:
to
1; 2
There
Even
because
were
Jesus
and
powers,
brethren.
chosen.^
founded,
never
sumed
pre-
When
the
in
of
the
disciples
Paul
pears
ap-
authorityover
it
but
abilityand
that he
the
was
not
for Peter, there
10: 1, 2.
of
because
made
was
those
show
Christian
freedom.
body
Cor.
There
nances.
apostolic ordi-
whole
and
in
is
early churches
is perfectly evident
considerable
despot.^ As
Testament
with
officers
new
the
is
there
down
laid
"
they
their
over
strangely
individual
miraculous
at
selected
the
it
freedom
that
true
of
possessed the largest measure
the Apostles, pre-eminent as
their
no
the
less,it
the
be
can
coincides
of
statement
None
history
regard to polity.
the apostoliccreed.
government
clear.
so
of
in
Christian.
history
with
schism
guarantee
"
Testament
and
number
be
There
It is
apostolicrecords.
command
no
positive statement
New
whole
warning
the
the
ation.
consider-
haughty
must
point.
does
of
testimony
other
any
Christ, the
this
the
131
becomes
of
which
autonomy
The
by
there
at
union
Christian
was
Christianity. The
unmistakable
is
UNITY
Church
body
elect, then
the
it
as
OF
is
ruled
the
thority
au-
nothing
in any
132
HOW
TO
the
over
way
PROMOTE
CHRISTIAN
primitive Church.
Jerusalem he does not
the commanding
voice/
of
the
the
history
been
the
forgot this
little grew
decadence
an
ideal
ideal
of
Any
form
must
the
to-day
voice
on
of
free
the
New
should
have
When
the
ideal, and
absolutism, the
as
have
we
days
already
little
of
seen,
religion involves
which
government
her
the
dom.
free-
destroys this
fatal to
not
Christianityin the long
possible to unite Christians
be
does
dividua
not
polity which
guarantee inliberty. The
testimony of history, the
Scripture and the experience of presentany
day politicalinstitutions
The
at
possessed
even
freedom.
Testament
Christian
of
prove
It would
run.
council
hand.
at
Fundamentally,
moral
complete
New
into
were
have
primitive Christians
such
permitted
Church
by
most
that
the
Considering-the prevalence
idea in the political
world, it is
extraordinary facts of religious
monarchical
of
one
In
to
seem
UNION
and
somewhat
Testament
"
at
are
one
on
this
point.
loosely organized polity of
the simple authority of the
remains
the most
as
congregational brotherhood
for the problem
satisfactoryand hopeful solution
of polity. It is interesting to
Luther
that
note
himself
had
The
most
caught this point of view.
eminent
self
church
historian of the present day, hima
Lutheran, says: 'Tn spite of the high esteem
in which
Luther
had
always held civic authority
and
the state, his original intention
to
struct
reconwas
the Church
the simple basis of govemon
"
"
Acts
15: 13, 22.
BASIS
congregation.
the
by
ment
congregational
equality."
is
to
Christian
the
on
and
the
greatest
union
"Essays
part
perplexing
the
will
on
the
of
signs
all
of
of
problem
conscientious
Gospel,"
p.
the
turn
re-
point
tolic
apos-
Christians.
polity
hindrance
disappear.
Social
to
times
the
simplicity
of
dency
ten-
Among
disposition
no
later
the
democracy.
primitive
the
to
done,
solved
iHarnack,
and
by
out
churches
is
The
government
be
there
monarchy.
return
is
a
and
fraternity
borne
toward
churches
to
been
monarchical
in
increasingly
democratic
this
of
fellowship
liberty,
has
vision
Even
history.
a
visions
^
Luther's
to
had
upon
Christian
of
UX
He
founded
life
principles
on
UNITY
OF
51.
If
will
HOW
134
TO
PROMOTE
CHRISTIAN
UNION
Questions
1. What
is the
first essential of
the
Christian
?
religion
2. What
is
function
the
of
the
Church
in
?
Christianity
3. What
God"
and
is meant
of
of
"Kingdom
4. Give
brief
a
the
by
"Kingdom
terms
of
heaven"?
outline
of
the
moral
teachings
Jesus.
5. Outline
carefully the
of
ideal
personal
righteousness.
6. What
did
emphasis
Jesus lay
upon
the
ment
ele-
to
the
of service?
7. What
of
ideal
freedom?
8. How
the
did
the
reverse
Christianitygive
does
place
Church
of
the
Middle
Ages
teaching of Jesus?
9. What
relation
morality?
10. Analyze
does
the
Church
carefully the
sustain
to
Christ's
creed
of
creeds
divisive?
Church.
11. In
what
12. What
in
regard
13. Define
14.
the
How
union
of
regard
about
the
is the
to
human
testimony of
the Federal
cil
Coun-
"ordinance."
the
question of
ordinance
affected
Christendom?
ground
common
to
Lord's
16. What
are
creeds?
has
15. What
with
sense
the
ordinance
do
of
Christians
baptism?
Supper?
is meant
by "polity"?
possess
What
VIII
Hindrances
to
135
Unity
OUTLINE"
CHAPTER
1.
Introduction.
2.
Ignorance
of
3.
Inherited
Prejudices.
4.
National
5.
Polemical
6.
Party
and
VIII
Beliefs
the
Racial
of
Other
Divisions.
Bitterness.
Organization
al
Denomination-
and
Pride.
7. Moneyed
Interests.
8.
Personal
Ambition.
9.
Lack
of
Study
10.
Lack
of
Prayer.
n.
Conscientious
of
the
Scriptures.
Convictions.
136
munions.
Com-
HOW
138
CHRISTIAN
characteristic
universal
religionas
well
to
as
be
stated
which
Ignorance
the
Beliefs
wish
we
of
is
astonishing how
Christians
of
and
,
of
denommations^-
Most
read
their
make
no
eachi
of
is
an
of Chinese
and
every
to break
suspicion.
to
discover
by
others
and
in the
and
disappear.
prejudiceis
The
it down
prevalent in
penalty
minds,
for
both
of
the
The
in increased
the
with
this
tility
hos-
the
wherever
finest
would
and
ignorance
individuals
To
selves
them-
believe
with
it its
and
own
written
remedy for this
knowledge, the
mind, the honest
appropriate truth
is met
large in
distorted
perspective, the
dispositionsof so many
embittered
professing Christians.
open
information
Christendom
Christianityat large.
cling to a falsehood always carries
punishment. That punishment is
found
religious
Were
visited upon
and
the
people to honestly try
understand
the positions occupied
of the bitterness
religiousworld, much
discord
narrow
and
newspapers,
and
be
churches,
and
colored
usually inaccurate
by
is a
extraordinary degree. There
wall built around
each denomination,
attempt
and
sively
exclu-
go
own
honestly understand
their neighbors. What
sort
crabbed
them
effort to
they secure
prejudice to
One
r
know
of
denominational
own
positions of
the
parties
i
their
to
of
little
different
"
,
^^^her.
Communions
is to
mention
to
,
Q
the
Christian
follows:
as
It
2.
UNION
applies to the
everything else.
first hindrance
The
may
PROMOTE
TO
desire
it may
be
contributions
to
situation
exercise
and
secure
discovered.
to
a
better
HINDRANCES
139
UNITY
TO
is now
Christians
understanding among
Episcopal Unity
by the Protestant
being made
tributing
disIt is engaged in publishing and
Foundation.
mutual
lutely
throughout Christendom, brief and absoof the positionsoccupied
impartial statements
These
communions.
by different Christian
thus
have
summaries
brief
fulfilled all of
far
requirements which characterize
inquiry,and have been of
to
the
of
cause
Restoration
could
movement
tific
genuinely scien-
a
service
incalculable
union.
Christian
the
The
study
have
not
of
been
the
more
thing is
fairlyor accuratelypresented,and the same
of the analysisof the doctrines and positionsof
true
studies will
Other
the Methodist
Episcopal Church.
doubtless
at
become
their
It
appear
large will
familiar
time
from
have
an
the
with
opportunityto read and
real positionsoccupied by
religiousneighbors.
be
would
profitableif
journalsof
could
Christendom
tians
Chris-
thus
time, and
to
denominational
the
versally
uni-
more
a
secure
sizing
point of view, and, instead of emphadifferences, occasionallymagnify points of
broad
harmony and
thing is
truth
The
and
will
agreement.
for
make
everybody
^^^
and
^^^
get
it is
Next
Prej-
to
it is
defeat
to
only way
obscuring it, so that
3. Inherited
any
when
its way
its characteristic
In
event,
the
the
facts.
at
it is
tial
essen-
The
known.
once
it
by covering
impossible to
over
nize
recog-
genuine features.
to ignorance the great^^ ^^^^^ .^ prejudice. Es-
udices
.".,.,
peciallyis
prejudice is
a
matter
of
this the
1
case
inheritance
when
and
t
the
long-
140
HOW
TO
standing
in
the
PROMOTE
tradition.
bone
Such
of
UNION
impressions become
it were,
as
Most
remove.
CHRISTIAN
and
are
fearfullyhard
people
are
where
they
their fathers occupied
religiouslybecause
there was
position. Some
a
years
ago
studies
the
to
are
same
of
series
published under the general caption, *'Why
I Am
a
Methodist," "Why
a
Baptist,"etc.
I Am
One
bred
of the
writers
of
the
dozen
or
churches
more
represented began his article by frankly acknowledging
that
he
one
of
ancestral
the
parents
of
value
of
an
of
success
upon
of
the
fact
truth
analysis,must
or
failure, in
Nowhere
is
religion.
Had
this
their ancestral
our
that
examine
about
that
mind
fathers
New
had
to
no
It becomes, therefore,
he
and
should
an
seek
open
it
than
fathers
followed
upon
evidence
the
come
independent
noticeable
own
still be
must
believed.
our
ideals.
prejudice,the
speaking,would
brought
more
evidence
perfectly
in
Every man,
infallibility.
be judged for himself.
His
and
time
eternity,depends
and
unbiased
an
of
constantly appearing,
prime importance
with
to
own
it is
result,it
have
may
are
his convictions
of
of
count
dis-
we
instruction
but
"
to
ever
truth
of their
guarantee
last
fathers
our
nothing
is
would
the
to
otherwise
examination
open
what
say
did
Neither
obedience
religiousor
"
revelations
the
inheritances.
that if progress
from
he
cause
religiouslybehis parents had occupied the same
position.
would
undervalue
the significance
and worth
No
clear
where
belonged
heart.
is
in
blindly
Ages, religiously
As their willingness
Dark
us.
its
upon
Reformation,
for
so
our
own
merits
willingness
HINDRANCES
to
the
do
the
thing
same
brighterday
of
prayer
unto
will in
the courage
and
make
to
What
4. National
^
.
,
Racial
and
.
to
"
"
T^"
.
The
be:
found
having
it my
"
i-
1
it,the
!"
own
prejudice
"
1
"
1
is
j-
1
the group.
to
in
mdividual, racial prejudice
Divisions
IS
union.
ancestral
"
.1.
the
usher
''Lord, give
receptiveheart, the v^ill-
the truth, and,
seek
141
Christian
should
the
mind,
UNITY
4arge measure
universal
Christian
every
ingness to
grace
of
the open
me
TO
There
great
are
have
which
mentally
fundabeen
based
religious schisms
take
on
races
provincialism. Different
naturally to different types of thought and action.
mind
Latin
has its own
The
prejudices,and the
Anglo-Saxon
mind
not
probable that
can
ever
be
has
its
antipathies. It is
prejudicesand antipathies
these
entirely. It
overcome
period of fusion before
Jew and Gentile,African
to
divest themselves
own
of
will take
Occidental
and
long
Oriental,
and
American, will
their temperamental
a
be
able
religious
its
prejudices. Nevertheless, Christianity makes
appeal as a universal religion. In its early progress
it broke
inveterate
than
first battle
racial
racial and
down
and
are
with
was
clung to
stubbornly than
the
and
the
Jew
same
the
those
the
of
religious,
ever
national
which
Jew,
the wall
Barbarian, the
stubborn
no
nation
demarcation
children
it leveled
way
more
to-day. Its
prejudices,both
and
lines of
the
far
exist
inherited
the
ancestral
have
barriers
of
Abraham.
between
the
has
more
In
Greek
versal
antipathyof uniclass distinctions of society and
with
sex,
truly marvelous
proclamation: "There is neither
nor
Greek, there
is
neither
bond
nor
free,
142
HOW
TO
PROMOTE
there is neither
in Christ
male
Jesus."
early Church
Our
racial
and
need
love to break
them
freedom
those
for
one
only
the solvent
of Christian
down.
Christianity
provides full
diversities of taste
and
training
characterize the different peoples of the earth.
These
diversities
religion."They
stand
in
the
It is
would
are
be
to
the
is, upon
least.
One
for
serious
that where
action
Christian
racial
to
and
ress.
prog-
differences
"
must
reach
is
because
where
there
the
conclusion
there
is
is
much
brushed
^^^
1
allowed
naturally the greatest problem
foreign field they are in reality
difficulties will be
"
be
of
foreign field. Where
prejudices will prove
religion,minor
but
for
common
"
this
the
on
harmony
essential
so
noteworthy
seem
reason
that
our
however,
never,
of
way
enrich
even
may
must
which
purpose
the
same
national
They
that
all
are
picture of a
the spirit of the early
results will flow to-day.
mountable.
insurnot
prejudices are
Where
prevails,the
which
for ye
presented the
brotherhood.
Church
female:
nor
UNION
'
The
great
CHRISTIAN
that
the
more
tianity
Chris-
there
is little
serious
stacles,
ob-
religion,even
away.
polemical bitterness
of
T3'
Christian
leaders
would
seem
terncss
be
rank
file of
and
get quite so
about
1
Church
in
Gal.
3
:
28.
Union,"
prime
Christendom
bitter about
religion. The
uttered
a
the
=
See
any
meanest
history of
"The
Christian
Place
Union
factor
to
in
keeping the
People never
apart.
other thing as they do
things that have been
debate
of Provincialism
have
been
in Any
Quarterly, October,
1913.
Scheme
ex-
of
HINDRANCES
TO
UNITY
143
pressed by theologians. Moreover, these mean
Even
and
Luther
things have been usually untrue.
Zwingle could not debate without the former flying
into a passion and using harsh language. Had
that
the historyof Protestantism
debate ended differently,
would
have been vastly different. Calvin could not
with Servetus, and therefore countenanced, at
argue
least,his being burned at the stake. The historyof
to
religiouspersecution from the Inquisitiondown
the
present
of
essence
is filled with
time
polemical
hatred.
it all is that there
about
is not
the
double-distilled
The
thing
tenance
slightestcounstrange
the
for any such procedure in the life or
of Christ.
The
latter,it is true, did use
language
severe
The
the
full
he knew
denunciation
of his
extortioners
people
Apostle Paul
his
in
of
day,
different
had
but
of
he
ing
teach-
pretty
the
critical
hypoematized
anath-
never
religiousconvictions.
high temper and doubtless
of polemical fire,and yet
Jewish modicum
how
to differ with a brother in a brotherly
a
way.
It is not
the fact of
referringhere, it
in which
wind
the
of
bends
doctrine
of
essence
should
not
differ.
we
which
differ,but
differ in
Polemical
may
a
we
10
we
are
be
said ; it is rather the way
For that flabbiness of disposition
hither
and
have
thither
small
before
every
It is of
respect.
religiousindependence that men
there is no reason
why they should
Christianlike way.
warfare,
eventuallybrings its
for
difference to which
it to
own
conquer
of
the
ungracious type,
condemnation.
in the
possible
It is im-
end, but
its in-
144
HOW
fluence
to
TO
while
is destructive
that
note
in the
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
evil is
this
it lasts.
becoming
A
religiousworld.
Campbell write
Thomas
UNION
hundred
the
It is
rarer
and
rarer
years
ago,
when
"Declaration
of
the
nothing too maliciouslyunfair
antagonist to say about another.
for
it
the
was
order
usual
was
of the
of
Restoration
persecution.
and
slanderous
The
To
does
argue
does
not
even,
does
When
not
slander
to
is
Christendom
religious
early history
one
purged
in
this sort
To
To
to
or
this
of
tions,
sec-
culated
cir-
regard
battle.
to
mean
excommunicate.
mean
There
day, in certain
prejudiced statements
are
not
to
mean
day.
this
to
by ostensiblyreligiouspeople
religiousopponents.
their
dress,"
Ad-
and
is filled with
movement
Even
gratifying
to
differ
criticize,
misrepresent.
unchristianly
of union
will be
at
polemical attitude, the dawn
hand.
It is noteworthy that the Restoration
ment
movebegan with the most gentle attitude imaginable
all Christians.
toward
statement
Thomas
and
the
Let
any
the ''Declaration
who
one
doubts
this
Address"
again.
acters
of the most
one
pacificcharCampbell was
and
in religioushistory. Slander
sentation
misrepreonly helped the Campbells in their work,
read
in the
of
cause
these
end
ultimate
vices
and
will not
Christian
seriouslyretard
union.
organization of separate
and
the
denominations
feelings
of loyalty and
pride which natuThe
6.
Party
Organi"
.
.
nominational
p^ide
making
the
"'
"'
rally cluster
have
played
problem
of
*
i
around
Christian
no
such
small
union
,
part
a
,"
bodies
in
difficult
HOW
146
TO
of
sweep
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
Christianityshould
UNION
have
made
little
so
tain
appeal to them.
to-day, in cerOccasionallyeven
provincialsections as a rule, voices are raised
in defense
of the denomination
as
opposed to the
Church
are
universal, but such voices
becoming
and
rarer
of
the
At
rarer.
Council
Federal
the most
the
occupied
denomination
present,
and
who
has
I
and
through, but
and
nothing
when
more."
the
Church
of
denominational
I
is
I
here
am
deep
am
for his
earnestness:
through
Christian,
a
I
own
a
am
conception of loyaltyto
gradually taking the place
loyalty
Wherever
in
this is not
spiritstands
in the way
Milton
from
is
his
in
has
This
universal
there
honor
with
home
at
am
who
man
a
of
one
ago,
lifelongrecord
a
loyalty,said
^'Brethren,when
wherever
of
representatives
two
or
year
highest place
denominational
churches.
a
members
venerable
of
meeting
a
the
true
of
Greed
union.
the
Mammon
and,
will be
rule,
a
as
anything seriouslywrong
Church, the slimy hand
national
denomi-
of Christian
styled
heaven,
Protestant
most
in
the
discovered
serve
Jesus declared flatlythat *'yecannot
and
and
voted
deGod
much
of his life was
mammon,"
to showing the danger and
follyof trusting
in riches.
The
Apostle Paul, in his first letter to
of all evil,
a root
Timothy, stylesthe love of money
at
work.
while
the
Apostle James inveighsvigorously against
in the Church.
the dangerous influence of money
These
not
aggerated.
exwarnings of the olden times were
The
one
thing that is probably keeping
HINDRANCES
Christians
TO
in America
apart to-day
else is business
started
the
clerical
as
Reformation.
well
who
have
in
through
Tetzel
"Big
business"
has
side.
"
"
its
tions
Denomina-
become
plants falls into
both a personal and
keeping them up. The
these
this situation
result from
must
interests
invest
wealthy. They
in publishing-houses and
nominati
strictlydeplants of various kinds. The management
funds
of
thing
any-
Peter's
its commercial
at
and
grow
church
St.
than
more
Business
interests.
for
collectingmoney
147
UNITY
the
hands
of
people
denominational
a
which
consequences
are
foresee.
to
easy
terest
in-
It is almost
morally impossible,for the average man,
at least,to dissociate his personal interests combined
with the feelingof denominational
loyaltywhich has
been probably stronglydeveloped in him, from what
he
conceives
be
to
advocates
of
clustered
around
of
bureaus
feel
would
his
Hence
duty.
denominationalism
the
the
to
are
publishing-houses
various
aggrieved
churches.
if
they
strongest
and
central
These
were
told
brethren
loyaltyhas a basis similar to
feared for his
Demetrius
of Ephesus, who
Christ prevailed over
Diana, and yet there
similar
their
that
denominational
a
found
be
that of
craft
is
present in it. It has
element
if
tainly
cer-
been
denied
far as
so
we
openly asserted, and never
know, that great publishing interests helped to break
Endeavor
up the unanimity of the Christian
ganda
propain years
gone
and
there
would
doubtless
by.
the
be
With
the
coming
of
some
and
in vested interests,
collapseof
Christian
necessary
nominat
de-
union
ments
readjust-
yet the fear that there
HOW
148
would
be any
create
could
market
a
result
their
for
would, of
union
who
be
wares
by playing
to
destroy this fictitious
world
of such
result
upon
tian
Chris-
their adherents.
course,
a
those
would
market, but surely the Christian
better ofif as
The
absolutelygroundless.
prejudicein
party bias and
UNION
CHRISTIAN
real loss is
that
loss
only
PROMOTE
TO
would
finitel
in-
be
destruction.
obtains
in many
complex machinery which
Protestant
denominations
might disappear with the
loss
cause
coming of Christian unity. This would
of positionto some.
The opportunitiesfor effective
service would
be multiplied,
however, and no soldier
The
the
under
needed
old
the
under
The
personal amundoubtedly helped to
^^^
j^..^^
i:
retard
often
been
^,
,
.
.
.
Christian
present
unconsciously,but
it
life that
its
has
and
universal
so
been
been
done
the
crying curse
has
been
The
churchmen
have
the
while
of
by
the
be
ambitions
harm
has
tory
his-
examples of its deleterious
and
jealousiesof great
havoc
far
in
less
the
past, and
prevalent to-day,
nominati
negligiblequantity. If all desink personal ambitions
leaders could
of sight,the glad day of union
out
means
near
much
Christianity. It
hierarchies,and church
wrought
sin is doubtless
sort
every
would
of
no
of
unavoidable.
of
cause
filled with
influence.
it is
the
to
,
less
Doubt-
union.
persistentin human
is well-nigh
in the Church
presence
Much
partisanstrife results from it,and
is
un-
of
element
bition
it has
services
his
new.
Am-
8. Personal
find
could
regime
a
at
hand.
greatest among
When
the
we
Twelve
recall that
possessed
two
this
HINDRANCES
ambition, and
false
Master, only
realize
can
ingrained
how
positionpresents.
the
desire
for
the situation
realization
of
is
of
Passion,
God,
we
fuller
a
religion,and
a
all
of
unworthiness
the
their
by
temptation which
The
only remedy
of
mission
real
the
his
with
walk
closer
a
consciousness
deeper
is the
it
for
before
while
149
UNITY
rebuked
were
short
a
for
TO
vaingloryand pride. It is worthy of note,
the optimisticside, that Christendom
to-day preon
sents
of
numerous
examples in every denomination
who
men
are
willingto sacrifice all thoughts of self
of
in the higher glory of service to the Kingdom
These
God.
numerous
men
are
becoming more
their influence is helping to swell
year, and
every
the tide in favor of Christian unity.
and
Consistent
earnest
study
9-^f^"^^'"^y of the Bible almost invariably
human
of
the
Scriptures
,
,
leads
It
union.
Christian
,
to
thus
was
Campbells caught
and
the
and
it is thus
catch
to
solution
that
the
men
same
.
,
decided
a
that
women
vision.
for the present divisions
for
passion
Stone
Barton
subject,
their vision of the
and
r
.
,
ing
to-day are comThe
only possible
in
Christendom,
as
Campbell clearlysaw, is to go back to the
the original
and
restore
primitiveapostolicmodel
catholic and
Now, this Church
apostolicChurch.
be apprehended save
tures,
not
can
through the Scripwith
the Bible means
that un familiarity
so
unfamiliaritynot only with the desire of Christ for
Thomas
union
on
the
with
be
secured
and
part of
the
his
only
maintained.
followers, but
by
means
One
which
of the
also
union
most
familiarity
uncan
hope-
150
HOW
TO
PROMOTE
CHRISTIAN
ful indications
for the
in Bible
which
study
to-day.
In
the older
future
exists
UNION
is the renewed
interest
in Christendom
everywhere
times
formatio
people got their religiousinchisms,
largely at second-hand
^through cateand the like. Nowadays
tracts
polemical treatises,
"
they go direct to the Bible for it, and the
results are
more
infinitely
salutaryfrom the point of
view
of Christian
unity. It is hard to understand
how
read
a
man
can
John 17 understandingly and
then
work
"That
they
adapted
enthusiasm
up
all may
touch
to
Careful
reading
by
the
in
the
of
the
of
the
Church
how
which
Christian
an
in the
divisions
such
divisions
Paul's
famous
were
Corinthian
the
denominationaHsm.
appeal peculiarly
of the genuine Christian.
Scriptures tends also to
Apostles.
schisms
peace
of
shows
and
age,
one'' is
the heart
disclose the germs
to
be
for
beginning
church
tolic
aposgarded
re-
were
reference
to
the
rend
find apt illustration
to-day. A thoughtful and
devout
Christian reading such passages
but
not
can
feel impressed with the wrong
of Church
divisions,
and
can
them
not
world
but
experience an
to
see
disappear.
The
union.
Bible
is the
Its earnest
would
soon
intercessoryprayer
best
text-book
tians
intelligent
study by all Chrisbring about the reaHzation of the
of
our
finallyas
Praver
Lord.
a
No
Union
is
a
Christian
on
and
Christian
way.
desire
earnest
matter
of
union
result
will
of
"unions"
not
come
cussion.
logicaldiscome
that
of sympathy, of
feeling,
HINDRANCES
was
UNITY
true
a
151
Episcopal Foundation
Christians
everywhere to
all
upon
humble
Prayer helps to
when
in tune
voice
God
this world
union
learn
to
he
as
pray
can
prayer
which
and
be
first
and
above
and
time
the
through
grace
speaking
of
in
the
sense.
will enable
to
us
brazen
of
the universal
sink
little prejudices
our
have
^"^
^^^^""
,
,
^^^'^^
by opponents
advisedly,for we
God.
the
left to
first
this
larger Church
of
Kingdom
.
Convictions
done
petty
clangor of
prayed for
Christ
desires in the interest of the
We
have
out
his followers
place, and when
prayed, union will come.
Only
we
ever
hope to possess that
Conscientious
IT.
drive
to
union.
low
with
of
soul,
it called
for
pray
by
personal jealousies. It puts us
the Infinite,and
helps us to hear the
and
ambitions
the
sounded
note
Protestant
the
to
It
affection.
genuine
TO
.
last the
"
usually put
^^
of
union.
have
always
We
lieved
be-
that if the
for disunion can
unworthy reasons
be eliminated, the worthy ones
will be seen
to have
One
disappeared also.
ground for believing this
consists
in the fact that Protestants
have
usually
divided, and splitup into fragments,over
questions
of trivial importance.
The
question of baptism may
serve
as
a
venient
conillustration.
It is frequentlyasserted
that
divergent views with regard to baptism constitute
the chief reasons
for keeping Christians
apart. A
analysisof the facts will show how mistaken
cursory
is this impression. Paedobaptistchurches
far
as
are
from
them
each
are
other
from
as
the
individual
communions
Baptistchurches.
On
among
the other
152
HOW
hand,
TO
PROMOTE
churches
Baptist
themselves
among
CHRISTIAN
as
widely separated
paedobaptist. In the
are
as
the
are
South, frequentlyimmersionist
fraternal
than
relations
churches
their
have
more
psedobaptistbrethren
ing
Noththey have with their Baptist brethren.
is clearer, therefore, than
the fact that conscientious
views
the
each
be
with
UNION
Church
other,
body
The
baptism
are
what
not
is dividing
to-day. So long as Baptistsfight
psedobaptistsfly apart, there must
and
other
some
in the
upon
than
reason
of
baptism
for
the
schism
Christ.
conscientious
logic will apply to our
convictions in other particulars.As we
have shown
in our
study thus far, there is abundant
common
ground, offensive to no Christian's convictions, for
united
same
Church
of
Christ.
Why, then, has the
united Church
failed to appear?
We
allow Peter
Ainslie to answer
this question:
"The
to union
godliness
greatest hindrance
to-day is unin the Church
in the form
of bigotry,
selfsectarianism, pride, meanness,
history and
righteousness. Upon these issues divisions have
and
until these are
scourged out of the porcome,
tals
of the Church, union
is impossible. There
is
a
not
communion
a
with
in Christendom
this disease, some
another, but
in
in
all there
is
that is not
form,
one
element
an
that will poison the whole
cured.
The
there
hope
of
victory
are
some
that
fightingthis evil,and
heroism
of soldiers
on
Church
is that
and
of
infected
some
in
ness
ungodli-
if it is not
in
all
munions
com-
uncompromisingly
they are fightingit with the
the field of battle.
Scriptural
are
154
HOW
TO
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
UNION
Questions
1. To
what
Christian
to
2. How
churches
the
do
general class
chief
union
belong?
ignorance of the beliefs
does
drances
hin-
of
other
affect the situation?
3. What
is
work
being done
now
estant
by the Prot-
in the matter
of
EpiscopalUnity Foundation
furnishingaccurate
rehgious information?
4. In what
does prejudiceaffect the quesway
tion
of
union?
5. How
do
national
racial divisions hinder
and
?
union
6. What
the attitude of the Church
was
toward
racial differences in apostolic times?
7. What
examples of polemical bitterness does
religionfurnish?
8. How
denominational
does
pride affect the
situation ?
9. How
is the
often
matters
10. How
principleof loyaltyin religious
misunderstood?
have
interests
moneyed
affected
the
problem of Christian union?
11. What
can
you
say
of
the
to
study the Scriptures
element
of
sonal
per-
ambition?
12. How
has
failure
a
affected the situation?
13. What
is
the
best
text-book
on
Christian
union ?
14. What
of
part
Church
does
prayer
union?
play
in
the
sideration
con-
IX
The
Profitableness
Church
155
of
a
United
OUTLINE-CHAPTER
IX
1. The
Problem
of
Overchurching.
2.
The
Problem
of
Underchurching.
3.
The
4.
Duplication
of
5.
Duplication
in
6.
Effect
Church.
Country
Organized
Activities.
Educational
Investments.
of
Christian
Union
on
of
Christian
Union
upon
the
ness
Busi-
World.
7.
at
Effect
Society
Large.
8.
Effect
of
Christian
Union
Themselves.
9.
Summary
and
Conclusion.
156
upon
tians
Chris-
IX
PROFITABLENESS
THE
OF
UNITED
A
CHURCH
economic
The
I.
of
aspects
the
of
Problem
The
Q^^istian
union
problem
are
con-
Overchurching
,,
,
r
of
cededly
considerations.
other
or
should
worth
in
consciences
great
the
economic
than
more
field
the
the
question
The
problem
always
disturbed
much
the
is
typical
X
is
eight
hundred
church,
a
church,
a
churches
of
it could
of
a
have
is
ter
mat-
Reformed
different
be
a
real
a
forded
af-
and
unbelievers.
Church.
In
and
following:
the
case)
of
about
Catholic
Roman
church,
church,
brands,
157
to
has
place.
no
It has
Episcopal
which
one
divided
would
population.
German
is
ridicule
the
(this
town
Protestant
no
conscience,
Christians
of
for
illustration
small
a
true
cause
becomes
waste
minds
problem
Church
united
A
the
a
this
Christian
should
overchurching
of
is
is
attention.
opportunity
purely
Conscience
Christian's
any
no
division,
however,
and
economic
of
serious
of
worthy
It
of
whatever
violation
then
right,
concededly
is
union
of
especially
religion. When,
of
wrong,
Christians,
of
waste
and
money,
than
union
fully justified.
be
^i
.
importance
Christian
Were
the
would
division
less
it violate
how
matter
"
,
a
three
several
Lutheran
ist
Methodfamilies
HOW
158
TO
PROMOTE
other
trying to start
exception, all
at
churches.
least,of the churches
twxe
or
month.
a
them.
With
services
All
of
The
ministers
the
of
buildings,most
separate
UNION
possibly one
of these churches
are
supported by
their respectivedenominations.
In three,
of
boards
CHRISTIAN
held
only
congregations
are
them
with
debts
once
have
upon
occasional
poorly paid and the ing
preachis constant
quality. There
rivalry
poor
and
each church
is interested in securing
settler who
the village. There
enters
is
proselyting,and a good many
people in
the
do
is of
going
on,
every
new
place
could
free
from
relieve
go
church
to
into
which
the
various
would
boards
command
Under
the
the
burden
is at
and
waste,
low
a
the
With
X
Christian
would
be
tionalism
there
X
is
the
there
are
a
Home
to
even
blame.
are
not
the
petitionsof
up
churches
the
be
to
typicalcase,
Boards
others
into
of
They
can
they
may
good
church
zens.
citi-
life of
is ruinous
denomina-
solution.
yet,
as
churches
The
their adherents
where
betterment
Under
and
worse.
enter
Christianityis
disrepute.
religiousproblem of
no
all
are
of
easily solved.
appears
could
ebb, there
cause
union
they
of all
the
regime
being constantlybrought
of
of
the support
the present
community
economic
town
one
carrying. Moreover, the church
a
vigorous campaign for civic
now
The
all.
at
good church, or at the most
keep the buildingsin good repair and
ministers and
debt; could pay competent
support
; could
two
not
are
boards
not
for
afford
the records
will
show,
themselves
to
refuse
help in building
worship according to
A
dictates
the
CHURCH
UNITED
of
their
denominational
Many of the boards
otherwise, but under
would
helpless. Christian
union
solution
feasible
like to
Problem
The
the
and
,
TT
of
,
whole
small
,
.
,
Underchurching
,
this is
larc^erplaces
,
church
for
Some
and
over-
are
other
are
sections do
thousands
many
are
places,
which
of the large cities,
especiallytrue
undcrchurched.
are
problem
the
,
,
many
churched, there
and
solve
only ultimate
question.
like X
villages
is the
While
2.
consciences.
present regime they
the
of
159
not
have
one
population. Three
of
assigned for this situation. First,
the population is often
largely foreign, and what
of the indivirluals possessed in religion
interest most
to
was
dissipatedin breaking the home ties to come
reasons
be
may
America.
the divisions
Second,
in the
Church
have
who
puerile to many
and, third, the
might otherwise accept Christianity,
boards
arc
kept so
busy maintaining
separate
churches
where
denominational
they are not needed
its
made
weak
appeal
and
with the
to cope
they have slender resources
giganticproblems of cityevangelization.
titudes
mulOur
cities are now
teeming with uncounted
who have no religiousfaith whatever.
Many
of them are anarchists in regard to both government
and
no
appeal to them
religion. Morality makes
that
except
the most
growing
are
is
on
a
up
in
utilitarian basis.
crime, in many
great field for the immediate
Church.
because
But
of
her
problem become
11
the
Church
that in most
children
instances.
attention
Here
of
the
impotent and helpless
So
important has the
large cities the Prot-
is
divisions.
Their
160
HOW
TO
PROMOTE
churches
CHRISTIAN
"federated"
UNION
mon
fight the comfoe.
But federation is at best a poor
apology
for union.
Both
internallyand externally it is a
Internallyit lacks the cohesive force
rope of sand.
and
and
union
would
ternally
exdynamic which
possess,
it presents a pitiablepicture of apology for
of skepticalspectators.
Federalism
is a
the eyes
It means
better acquaintance
step in the right direction.
better knowledge and
a
disappearance
of prejudice. As a final solution of the union problem,
and we
however
are
speaking here, of course,
with especialreference to the underchurched
masses
it is utterlyfutile. With
our
great cityproblems
looming up before us more
alarmingly every year,
that the appeal of the underchurched,
it would
seem
of
because
who
underchurched
our
are
pitiable
divisions,should inspire all true Christians with a
passion for Christian union.
The
problem of the rural
^^
is now
spread
church
attracting wide\"
Ch
estant
are
to
"
"
The
attention.
cityward
movement
had
a
pronounced
in the last
effect upon
half-centuryhas
congregations.
rural
is
A
Y
be cited.
typicalcase
may
church
supported by farmers who
belief,at least for the most
its services
with
attached
more
to
the
or
less
upkeep
dous
tremen-
a
country
tional
accept its tradiattend
part, and
regularity.The
of
the
church
pense
ex-
falls
who
are
chieflyupon a littlecoterie of leading men
directlyinterested. By and by one of these leading
sells out
burden
and
to the city. The
men
goes
falls upon
those
who
are
left,and
so
the
process
TO
HOW
162
PROMOTE
Church?
the
than
more
this
one
to
means
individual
the
for
end
is
for
and
nothing
like
Christ-
a
for the
end
Of
means?
In
society.
quent
conse-
ficing
sacri-
all
tutions,
stupid instithe modern
Church
to
an
outsider,
must,
the most
perenniallyand indefensiblystupid,
the higher in the
it is constantly sacrificing
appear
since
interest of the lower
and
the end
All
of
Duplication
^^j^^
for
.
^^^^
tivities
Protestant
^^^^^^
main-
f^^^^^^
,
,
^^
^
,
work.
"
It
"
pretty
is
that
the
sally
univer-
Church
function
not
definite organproperly without
ization
specific purposes.
Missionary and
for
activities
benevolent
and
after
means.
bodies
recognized
way,
the
Ac-
Organized
can
is
problem of overchurching, with its
Christians
evils,are not all Protestant
the
4.
Church
The
end.
an
UNION
the
Fundamentally,
a
soul
CHRISTIAN
can,
other
no
in
best
are
fact, be
fashion ; at
carried
in
on
this
carried
satisfactorily
least,on
anything
on
like
The
organizations involve
large scale.
separate
is attached
plants and machinery, and great expense
It is true
their upkeep and
that
to
development.
a
is less than
this expense
that
and
efficient
make
rendered
is
ization,
organ-
far
more
unorganized efforts could
possibly
Nevertheless, the duplication of these
large plants and
parallelto
each
from
a
activities
other
is
material
the
the
various
societies
now
by
a
denominations
great
point
disadvantages of
are
are
service
be without
than
it.
waste,
the
it would
of
of
view.
excessive
the
and
unnecessary
So
obvious
duplication that
Protestant
meeting together
working
in
tions
denomina"Councils"
"
UNITED
A
the
perhaps
which
cil,"
Counbeing the ''Home
from
representatives
practically
situation
helping the
Federations,
little,like the
almost
are
Boards.
Mission
Home
great Protestant
"Councils," while
These
163
notable
most
includes
the
all of
CHURCH
a
helpless to
Their
really significantwork.
and
hands
tied behind
before, and they dare
are
plan nothing aggressive,nothing worthy of the
of Christ
universal, nothing which
great Church
accomplish
any
seriously disturbs
Let
that
suppose
us
organizationwere
a
united
and
gain
in
such
the
methods
for
The
call
of
who
would
had
the
measure
can
Who
result?
can
would
plan of work
Christians
everywhere, and
forth
cause
on
which
resources
of
account
doing the business
members
Church
plan of attack the nation
over,
efforts
refused
duplicationsin
the
that
sin.
concerted
a
it would
how
of
forces
needless
end,
an
efficiencywhich
the
hearten
at
world
the
how
say
these
harmonious
and
over
entrenched
the
of the various
are
now
inefficient
its
Kingdom?
of the
mission
boards
are
charitable
and
men.
They
usually broad-minded
can
appreciate the situation fully, but they are
powerless,in the main, to remedy it. In talking
with
of
one
writer
the
them
that
not
the
remarked
long since, he
problems
were
such
that
to
he
withdrawing from the field. Nothing is,
who
disheartening to a man
really
fact, more
broad
view of Christianitythan to be obliged
a
felt like
in
has
to
become
between
is
so
a
party
to
denominations
much
need
for
the wasteful
on
vital
the
home
and
petty strife
field.
There
everywhere
Christianity
TO
HOW
164
that
to
PROMOTE
waste
keeping
churches
John Wesley,
**Why can not
yet all of
saying already quoted,
leave
the
devil
fostered
are
to
bigotry
certainlySatan's
them
feeling
inational
denomunnecessary
appealing. One feels like
Christians
are
bad
alive
Bitterness, envy,
righteousness
by
is not
UNION
encourage
in his famous
work?"
and
and
resources
by planting and
own
CHRISTIAN
and
own
and
his
do
self-
progeny,
encouraged
denominationalism.
In
activities there is less harm
benevolent
from
with
the mxissionary
duplication than is the case
does
organizations.Generally speaking, benevolence
not
run
through
great risk of loss of efficiency
siderable
conduplication. Nevertheless, there is a very
boards
waste
here, owing to unnecessary
and
for the
needed
upon
for
machinery
the
Roman
altar
Catholic
in
of
to
that
money
orphan is sacrificed
denominational
inefficiency.The
widow
Church
its benevolent
largely due
distribution, so
unified
and
the
far
outclasses
activities,and
ism
Protestantthis
fact
organization. Hospitals
is
are
not
city, but they are
planted in almost
every
unnecessarilyduplicated. Orphanages are located
in
the
wisest
generalship
strategic places, and
could
directs the whole
work.
Protestantism
easily
Romanism
if she were
outdo
united, but, a prey
the
to
divisions,her benevolent
work, in a way
best apologetic in the possession of the Church,
becomes
instances
tirely
enfragmentary and in many
futile.
Protestantism,
Imagine a united
wisely directingthe funds pouring into its treasury
for
benevolent
employing these funds
purposes,
A
CHURCH
UNITED
165
needed, avoiding dupHcations
they are most
and
institutions,
everywhere enthusiastic,aggressive,
where'
of
what
triumphant,
have
would
the
judges
Church
Benevolence
which
nobody
can
this
creed.
and
language,
or
openly,
by
not
than
worse
it is
refute.
to
cares
against the
sin
and
and
is
resources
great wrong
a
deed
universal
a
benevolent
waste
it is
think
you
world?
hy
speaks
argument
To
do
if not
the main, the outsider, silently
In
an
the
upon
effect
folly;
Head
of the
Is there so
Church, the longsufferingSon of man.
in our
doctrinal
much
differences,after all, that
we
afford
can
harm
them
allow
to
in
Duplication
j^^^
have
-^^
In-
Educational
.
this
great
^^^
^^
the
great
referred
also
of
where
duplicatingplants
^
^,
"^^
needed, especially
overchurched
in
have
spoken
,
^
vestments
We
work
sufferinghumanity?
to
We
5.
to
the
to
communities.
economic
waste
by the duplication of great central plants
ever,
denominational
activity. There is a field,how-
caused
for
to
the
which
building up
of
problem
of
the
thus
scarcelyalluded
educational
great
denominations.
the various
institutions
is the
Education
State, and
great
of
Church.
far
of
one
the
"
by
est
great-
greatest
tion
right sort of educawith the necessity for a good
would
do away
of perfervidevangelism. The
development of
problems
deal
have
we
the
institutions
for
gigantic undertaking,
resources
the most
from
careful
a
The
educational
and
purposes
demands
point of view,
planning
and
most
a
tremendous
material
the
is
as
well
as
far-sighted
TO
HOW
166
vision.
Enough
has
money
starting denominational
only struggle and die, to build an
unequaled in influence and
in
exceedingly complex
an
denominations
still
problem
let
"
"
the problem
the
unnecessary
duplicationof
the
by
of
influence
reflex
that
entirelyeliminate
The
exhibit.
benefited
Sectarian
more
institution
more
the
less
more
with
attract
and
worthy
more
easily and
her.
The
sectarianism
which
thus
be
religion.
great schools
of
often
day
would
drive
ness
narrow-
and
more
great educational
bigoted atmosphere, and
becomes,
partisan the Church
in
exist
can
would
denominational
No
its
life and
of
the Church.
and
have
would
present
cause
and
inculcated
view
and
bigoted and
possible it is
universities
broader
from
to
the
built
institutions could
education
the
divisions
tended
away
the
of
cause
less than
no
have
of
schools
denominational
whole
unwise
by
Church
of
would
the
be
could
point of
tinge
Christianity
for
educational
upon
tantism
Protes-
Church
The
smaller
united
a
united
care
the
make
united
a
caused
waste
broader
The
ideal
With
universities
and
avoided.
dinous
multitu-
to
maintained,
be
The
Christendom
resources
Great
situation.
be
would
abundant
have
problem.
day a
simple.
some
Religious
power.
becomes
difficult.
hope
us
sity
univer-
American
States
of
more
could
United
like the
land
a
thrown
fooHshly
colleges which
been
away
education
UNION
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
a
for
the
it to
name.
catholic the
gladly
Christian
develop collegesor
Conversely, the
will
Church
becomes,
education
join
Church
scholarship everywhere.
universal
Most
of
the
forces
would
scholars
CHURCH
UNITED
A
167
willinglyunsympathetic with
have
They must
religiouseducation.
reHgion
not
are
intellectual
their
draw
they
breath, however,
in
do
not
can
sectarian
in
era
new
narrowly
a
Christian
atmosphere.
therefore, a new
era
of Chris-
characterized
i^^g^
^^
Business
of
Efficiency
World
business
of
the
factor
in
man
dominant
method.
and
a
largelyby
the
methods.
of
He
has
in
but
reasons,
shocked
by his
of
inefficiency
excessive
and
least
time
no
ancestral
he
Christian.
and
be
he
retical
theo-
is daily
practical sense
perception of the appalling
knows
such
to
business
the
operations. He knows
duplicationmeans
unnecessary
operation. He is not
granted that Christian
the
the pragmatic
passively a
for
is the
he
church
from
it would
his
clear-cut
business, and
flow
Church
the
main,
the
The
civiHzation,
patience and
no
inefficiency.In
to-day is activelyor
believes
everywhere
the
day.
immediate
our
^1
tlie
1
is
present time, and
with
of
pays
mean,
has
unwisely, everythingby
judges, wisely or
must
and
century
business
.
.
watchword
own
would
union
twentieth
dominance
He
dogmatic
the
on
man
this
reHgious progress.
tian Union
waste
to
and
religiouseducation
in
The
6. Effect
chance
a
or
what
exhibitions
economic
of
what
in his
results
inefficient
theologian; he takes it for
union
is impossible,otherwise
here, and so he attends church,
a
conscientiouslycan,
and
thinks
all the
possibleupon the subject. Were
business
and
all the
men
theologians to become
business men
for about
a
week, Christheologians,
as
little
as
HOW
168
TO
tian union
would
would
need
The
PROMOTE
that the
business
man's
ception
per-
subject. In
of
every
and
the
In
year.
consciousness
small
the second
how
The
Church
suspiciousof
of
call
Christian
in
read
Lord.
the
same
appeals
"
every
what
back
nation,
man's
things on
how
things
loses
interest
appeal to
missions, the crying
appeal
superb
lost upon
him.
All
he
of
can
is
he
can
the
thinks
of
because
of
which
resources
reason,
the
otherwise
of
from
year
one
kept
services
duplication,stupidityof
thus
are
inefficiency.Large sums
these
When
thus
thus
benevolence, the
education, are
management
withheld
horizon
whole
business
does
a
wonderful
of
place,the
the
him
loses the
men
large scale. He
would
great projectswhich
him.
understands
loses interest in the
business
best
of
on
He
the Church
scale makes
done
he
so
this way
of
many
character.
theology,and he knows
of going about it is exceedingly
way
He can
cient
not sympathize with ineffi-
Church's
methods,
of
the
understand
not
inefficient.
as
of
business
a
it,if he does
are
formation
retrans
Church's
the
is of
work
in
a
are
numerous
inefficiency
siasm
weighty. In the first place,it chills his enthufor the practicalwork
of the Church.
That
and
are
before
UNION
effected.
consequences
of
a
here
be
be
to
CHRISTIAN
the
our
begin to
form
is
of
divisions,as
some
the
which
resources
reallywasted
are
denominationalism
treasury
for
well
the
impression
costing the Christian
world.
The
knows
effect of
that
he
withholding
ought
to
give
his
when
he
damaging
and
money
it is
HOW
170
TO
has
together
failure
to
would
A
soon
able
its own
or
success
bearing-upon
A united
Church
accompHsh its mission.
solve the problem of the open
saloon.
would
evil, and
to
UNION
CHRISTIAN
no
Church
united
social
PROMOTE
it ;
with
cope
which
that
of
out
confronts
of
our
The
together.
outside
great that the
One
of the
is socialism.
drive
soon
is
pressure
barriers
inner
situation
is
of
churches
the
becoming
will have
risingmovements
The
the
denominationalism
present-day
self-preservationmust
be
drive
would
municipalities.One
encouraging things about the discouraging
corruption
the
will
never
Church
united
a
to
Church
disunited
a
with
cope
able
be
to
give
so
way,
the present
socialistic
of
strongest arguments
day
of the
agitatorsarise from the inefficiency
The
original Church, if restored, would
Church.
destroy
entirely. A divided Church,
facing great and ever-increasing social problems,
the socialistic
will find it increasinglydifficult to meet
socialism
appeals
Already
propaganda.
people, the idealists,of the
strongly to the younger
materialistic
socialism
congregation.
United
world.
fail
The
in
she
can
mission
her
is
Church
8.
of Chris-
the
to
^hing
will
the
about
significant
most
Christen-
united
a
immense
and
.
salutary
"'
Christians
effect
Themselves
the
spiritof
division, of
criticism
is
Rather
she
the
race.
is the
dom
.
^,
upon
divided
conquer,
Perhaps
Effect
trial before
on
not
is it the
the
.
which
inner
it would
life of the
strife,of
true
spiritof
upon
Church.
The
bitterness
spirit of
the
have
Evil
and
of
Christianity.
One.
Nothing
A
tends
this
keep
to
It
sectarianism.
Christians
which
of
atmosphere.
schism.
Joy
for
the
very
true
joy
soul?
Peace
hard
to
Goodness
amid
needed
under
keep.
Meekness
and
These
the
nine
the
There
FaitJi
greatly
"
also
as
preserve
hard
virtues
Church
is
vision
new
applied
which
Paul
the
individual
and
says
What
a
is presented in
of
of
Would
Jesus
distorted
sectarian
Papal
not
if his
the
world
followers
were
world
The
sectarian
view
of
the
of
his
read
of
Master
Christianity! The
power
teaching of the Nazarene
him.
as
the
Christianity without
of Christ must
the spirit
always
"
siasticism
to
no
The
harmoniously and heartilyunited?
always sees
Jesus through the medium
and
disciples they are his epistles,known
men.
to
perance
Tem-
once
all
kept
be
can
but
essary.
nec-
necessary.
its "fruits."
by
a
regime,
comment
strife?
to
harsh
one
necessary.
it
of
to
temper.
spiritof Christ, and
known
to
no
"
comment
no
"
characterize
catch
of
foreign
sectarian
denominationalism,
are
Christian.
be
much
especiallyhard
"
must
how
"
atmosphere
an
speech
Gentleness
preserve.
sectarian
comment
the
under
"
yourself
a
is
come
no
"
Look
ask
in
the
terize
charac-
Church.
thought
can
of
must
and
as
sectarian
"fruits
true
blossom
can
"
what
"
the
much
so
how
see
moment
Longsiijjering Needed
but
quite
to
and
a
them
Love
bitter of
and
hard
is
''fruits"
one
spirit alive
Christian
the true
those
171
CHURCH
possibly develop those
the Apostle Paul
says
can
Spirit" which
at
UNITED
and
schisms
parodied
drove
of
men
the
ecclesublime
away
Protestantism
from
are
PROMOTE
TO
HOW
172
the
accomplishing
for
time
a
CHRISTIAN
result
same
UNION
Christianity, neither
new
Is
to-day.
it not
Papal
nor
Christianityboth free and
united, and restoring the glory and beauty of the
of the apostolicage?
Church
have
We
in this chaptraced
^"
^
p""^"?^^-^ ter the disadvantages, particularly
Protestant,
arise
to
"
a
from
view, of sectarian
to
show
point
as
the
of
view, should
advantages
of
the
the
for
upon
of
of
and
from
every
the
Christian
world
Prominent
of
removal
the
these
among
the
underchurching;
church:
country
to
accrue
union.
the
are
churching
have
we
superior advantages which,
result
a
divisions, and
point of
attempted
economic
an
evils
the
over-
revivifying
of
avoidance
of
waste
in
duplication of great plants and organizations
ities
activeducational
and
missionary, benevolent
work
effect of greater efficiencyin church
: the
the business
world, upon
society at large and
finallyupon
Christians
themselves.
denominational
tenet
The
general
union
is yet feebly appreciated
morale
of Christian
in securing it.
be
less difficulty
would
there
or
When
to realize that it is not
a
men
come
question
cherished
for
of
tenet
perhaps sacrificingsome
nothing, but that it is rather a question of choosing
between
a
matter
of
which
means
at
best
activities of the
the
in
regard to a
and
something
slightsignificance,
ultimate
Church,
there
success
will be
of
the
whole
littledifficulty
Most
of
realizingthe ideal of Christian union.
limited
conceptions of the real
people have
very
of a united Church.
value
They do not appreciate
in
A
how
of
;
in
It
neglected.
should
duty
of
exist
of
every
Christian
remove
realization.
every
is
for
of
alone
that
In
of
and,
stumbling-block
the
success
in
they
and
is
are
this
of
state
it
for
as
the
affairs
is
possible,
way
the
ideal
the
exalt
to
in
aware
conception
meantime,
far
craft,
state-
necessity
this
Jesus
as
the
poHtics,
importance
long.
union,
in
else,
impossible
follower
for
everything
Church
the
173
conception
a
business,
practically
fundamental
the
union
such
In
Christianity.
in
of
is
paramount
CHURCH
UNITED
of
to
its
174
HOW
PROMOTE
TO
CHRISTIAN
UNION
Questions
is
1. What
the
by
meant
problem
of
over-
churching?
2. Give
practical illustration
a
is
3. What
solution
this
the
of
ultimate
only
this
problem.
and
feasible
?
4. What
is meant
5. What
are
by underchurching?
chief
reasons
responsible for
the
condition?
the
6. Sketch
7. What
problem of the country church.
the
duplication of organized
about
activities ?
8. What
steps
?
duplication
9. Why
are
these
are
being
now
taken
avoid
to
necessarily largely
steps
ineffective ?
10.
How
does
the financial
can
would
the
business
13.
Why
Church
work
hinder
Church?
the
of
say
the
duplication of
be
the effect of
Christian
union
world?
do
business
stand
men
aloof
from
the
?
14. How
at
you
church
in
institutions?
12. What
on
of
progress
11. What
educational
division
would
Christian
would
Christian
union
affect
society
large?
15. How
union
affect materialistic
socialism?
16. What
union
would
upon
the
be
the
Church
internal
itself?
eft"ect of
tian
Chris-
X
The
Forces
Which
Are
Unity
12
175
Making
for
OUTLINE"
1.
The
2.
Other
3.
The
Method
4.
The
Idea
5.
The
Lambeth
6.
Particular
7.
The
CHAPTER
Restoration
Movement.
Influences
World
Making
of
of
X
for
Union.
Absorption.
Federation.
Quadrilateral.
Combinations.
Conference
Order.
176
on
Faith
and
178
HOW
TO
PROMOTE
CHRISTIAN
ing to be Christian
apostolic Church, and
church
union
The
would
mistakes
has
exhibited
for
return
a
by
marred
Restorationists
of
form
of
the
have
under
appeared it
So, also, a
churches
has
a
parts of
the
the
of
mistakes, the
cause
bounds,
in
place
time
in
of
and
hundred
thousand
only
it has
movement.
the
of
some
thus
legalism has
the
pedients
ex-
the
actually produced
in
certain
incalculablyinjured
has
spite of all these
forward
by leaps and
In
gone
has
of
influential
an
won
the
nation.
figuresare
that at least
communicants
barred
movement
plea.
century
say
has
and
religiouslife
writing,while exact
it is safe to
led
content
is
wherever
and
the
the
and
the
the
question
guise, and
in
has
a
the
course,
work
country,
acceptance
of
some
This, of
to
ment
Testa-
rightfulnessof ordinary
the
schism
new
legalism
Pleading
the New
heart
literalness has
This
progress.
the
of
toward
that
disastrous
proven
for church
to
of
feared
it above
new
a
deny
form
ders.
blun-
notable
overemphasized
slavish
to
and
churches.
the
be
to
serious
some
tendency
of
many
religious Hfe.
Romanism
way
the
has
movement
serious
been
exalted
and
by
most
Church, it is
to
Restoration
the correct
to
the
original
by all returning to this,
obviously consummated.
the
unfortunately been
Perhaps the
these
object
can
be
of
progress
UNION
one
are
At
not
million
the
able,
attainfour
in
numbered
pleading for union upon the basis of
of
restoration
a
primitive Christianity. If the
be propbreadth
and catholic spiritof the plea can
erly
the
churches
maintained
and
presented, the
outlook
seems
FORCES
FOR
MAKING
UNITY
179
encouraging. If, however, the movement
should
degenerate into a legahsticsect, its influence
will speedily pass away.
These
facts should occupy
very
the
serious
the
work
of
attention
the
of
all who
churches
in
The
Ot
2.
er
for
,
,"
,
^
Union
taken
to
represent
idea
.
,
for
propaganda
Other
union.
the
up
movement
.
^^^^^^^
^
Christian
have
claim
longer
^^
^^^
^
Making
ences
with
question.
Restoration
u-
n
associated
are
and
in
munions
com-
their
own
This
is exceedingly
pushing it forward.
of
the dawn
significant,for it points toward
a
are
way
When
brighterday.
hold
of
church
a
is
problem
the
of
union
they
in
their
a
alism
is
this result
uncertain
The
the
in
earnest
desire
Now
desire
means
chief
much
In
days of the
openly opposed the idea
to be separated,and
gloried
Protestant
Christianityas
ashamed
is anxious
and
whereby
the
wanted
becoming
an
passion for union gets
individual,the greatest
solved.
churches
schisms.
whole
of
or
already
Campbells
"
the real
is to
be
of
for the
its denomination-
accomplished
the
goal
for the
steps which
of
get together. The
to
minds
the
vast
means
are
still
majority,but
is present, and
this
future.
have
been
taken
definitely
or
suggested are the following: (1) The method
of absorption,(2) the idea of federation, (3) the
Lambeth
nations.
Quadrilateral,and (4) particularcombiWe
shall outline them
brieflyin the order
in which
they have been named, beginning with
what
is perhaps the most
popular plan of the idea
of absorption.
TO
HOW
180
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
This
is
method
in
no
of
Method
3. The
UNION
j^^^
^^^
sense
^^^^
.^
^^
Absorption
been
always
the
peace
with
down
inside
of
and
appealed
Of
fold.
the
frank
and
repentance
faith.
A
found
in
fine
only
of
frequently
to
of
this
lamented
the
of
sort
to
return
suggested
way
acceptance
example
is
by
ancient
is
appeal
by the Bishop of Cremona
Quarterly for September,
in
article
an
Constructive
the
the
course,
have
brethren
wandering
of
Church.
often
and
Christendom,
lie
advocate
Catholic
have
make
will
lamb
chief
Roman
Catholics
devout
their
to
the
gladly
the
The
almost
has
would
provided
lion.
been
of
schisms
the
the
i
It
it.
lion
the
lamb,
has
absorption
Earnest
that
true
t
.
i
recommend
1913.
spiritof the article is admirable, but the good
of
hope of any
possible means
no
bishop sees
The
union
rules.
for
not
he himself
best, but
*
about
same
and
"Come
your
neck,
Father
who
the
troubled
of
waters.
Christ!"
Unity
from
"
shall
we
is in
ship
great
gulf
the
over
of
to
all
heaven;
the
.
.
Italy."
.
be
of
sons
Church
joy!
forthwith
the
quickly
Quarterly,
Rome
can
cordial
in
of
fact that
very
will
we
and
united
What
Constructive
us:
ble
possi-
doubtless
are
The
hopelessness of his task.
it is
the
recognize the apparent
to
seems
and
nature
is very
bishop
his motives
and
invitation,'
his
The
them.
to
come
of
yield,
not
can
change, according to its own
Protestants
can
change, therefore
them
to
to come
Rome, though
not
can
Church
Catholic
The
Protestantism.
submission
unconditional
the
by
save
same
the
earth
sail in
will
What
throw
Mother
an
September,
event
1913,
shall
Rome
be
safety
for
"An
arms
our
and
the
of
the
changed,
upon
the
Church
Appeal
for
FORCES
from
Rome.
purge
herself
schism
churches
what
she
been
their
fold.
other
is
There
was
able
communions
of
would
to
have
time
would
been
thing
that
no
some
everybody
when
of
bishop
invited, even
and
little hope of
Rome
have
the
be
have
out
fine
away
change
to
a
a
181
Protestants
holds
reallyanxious
are
UNITY
keeps
thoroughly there
first place.
appeal like that
It is pleasant to
else
and
spurned
northern
though
an
Italy.
can
you
accept the invitation.
not
Other
churches
absorption,they,
Greek
The
as
FOR
absorption method
None
the less,it
success.
the
Had
in the
The
in
is
change
not
can
MAKING
beside
of
Church
"willinV' and
Cremona
the
in
idea
the
In
the
the
a
America.
of
admirably:
believers
in
as
*'We
the
The
of
article
of
must
the
archbishop
clearlyas
become
the
not
put
bishop, but
He
says
All
one.
terly
Quar-
Orthodox
does
the
been
Bishop of
plea from
the Greek
undercurrent.
an
has
tolerant
very
head
understood
issue of
same
and
absorption as
it is present
longed for
absorbing.
generally been
Anglican communion
lengthy
Archbishop Platon, the
Church
do
to
course,
contains
is
have
has
positivelyanxious.
which
Rome
very
sincere
Christ
recognize this nowadays, but
religiousseparation has penetrated so deeply into
the very
of Christian
life and
roots
teaching that
it stands like a stone
wall or
bea
'great chasm' tween
the
The
^
different
archbishop
Constructive
Christian
knows
that
Quarterly, September,
Possible," by Archbishop Platon.
^
confessions."
we
1913,
can
article
all become
on
"Unity
is
182
HOW
one
by becoming ''Orthodox,"
clear
TO
PROMOTE
method
The
of
union
spirit of
the
after
these
representatives of
from
CHRISTIAN
the
UNION
but
he
other
any
no
very
fashion.
articles,written
two
far
most
by
churches
removed
of Protestantism, is
bulk
sees
encouraging.
It
is
should
good that the Bishop of Cremona
so
earnestly desire union; it is also good that the
"We
become
one."
archbishop should
must
say,
Still,there is nothing in their articles,aside from
the spiritin which
even
they write, which gives one
of Christian
a
tangibleinklingof the consummation
union.
Federation,
'^'
Federadon^eliminating the
has
Christians
many
of
work
country
New
So
become
were
sprang
last two
that
1905
in
Carnegie Hall,
the
New
Protestant
represented.
constitution
was
a
of
this
launched
the
Christ
world.
the
the
evils of
and
City, at
in
the
the
United
The
a
"Federal
In America"
the
earliest
met
nearly
States
tentative
Council
formally
quadrennial
was
first
"
the
ism
sectarian-
which
conference
body
of
decades
of
turbing
dis-
natural
general conference
bodies
At
in
three
the
York
adopted,
of the Churches
upon
had
apparent
and
other
sections
one
sort
a
nations
denomi-
Its
states
or
being
is
without
can
various
in
up
the
each
attitude.
of
rianism,
secta-
its appeal to
day. It
by which
they
as
confederation
a
Federation
examples.
all of
far
as
denominational
during
York
present
of
evils
quarrel with
to
together
analogy Is
politic. It
the
of
method
a
made
arrangement
not
the
in
of
compromise
agree
to
as
FORCES
MAKING
FOR
UNITY
183
held in Philadelphia,
meeting of the council was
December, 1908, at which time Bishop E. R. HenEpiscopal Church, South,
drix, of the Methodist
elected
second
was
president. The
meeting was
Dean
held
in December,
1912, in Chicago, and
Shailer
elected
was
The
utterances
as
of
all churches
which
divine
and
Lord
members.
the
Saviour"
which
church
is allowed
while
from
better.
in
adhering to
organization.
the
every
tion
propor-
large and
fifty thousand
at
of
in
of
Perhaps
This
a
favor
only
as
has
beginning
favor
heart
opinion
a
of
are,
majority
is
union
sure
course,
easily mark
can
of
to
grow
the
it
council
the
look
and
its
which
upon
something
stepping-stone to
sentiment
and
all of
attended
organic union
real
sions
ses-
from
year
year.
The
and
selected
members
for
who
one
the
represents.
federation
constituent
The
major fraction thereof.
council
have
been
harmonious,
the
at
become
constitute
four
their
as
or
rising tide
to-day
utterances
provides that
communicants
varying shades
sessions
Council
may
member
represented, yet
to
of
churches
of
These
its
been
recognize "J^sus Christ
number
communicants
has
council
service.
Federal
the
additional
one
the
Representatives are
to
Each
Bishop Hendrix.
keeping with the spiritof the
the original spiritof Christ.
The
constitution
the
of
vention,
Baptist Con-
in
and
well
as
Northern
succeed
to
social
upon
advanced
age,
the
strikingnote
most
are
of
Matthews,
Federal
support,
in
Council
some
has
fashion
received
or
the
approval
degree, of
every
HOW
184
TO
Protestant
CHRISTIAN
UNION
body of significancein America,
exception/ Several communions
notable
one
PROMOTE
of
independent congregations
"overhead"
organizations have sent
up
the distinct
in
act
or
fatal
having
of
the
idea
federation
has
of
his diocese, delivered
right home
communities
church,
boards
by missionary
religiousbodies
both
home
at
are
and
This
overlapping.
be
no
why
reason
trying to
abroad, by
is
those
such
some
As
measure.
deprives
anything
divisions
dooms
No
the
whole
Church.
territorywould
The
Southern
of
would
each
other
least
the
sectarians.
must
sections
denominationalist
is the
It
bad, but
certain
sought
as
man's
gentleavoid
to
to
seem
which
are
should
not
temporary
a
policy,it is open to
acquiesces in divisions,
people
else than
are
situation,
of
denominations
at
Many
permanent
objections.
grave
it
a
plan,
it is
either
none.
sort
some
are
supported
this
There
good.
scarcelydistinguishablefrom
adopt
churches
meet
which
under
agreement
There
city with
supporting
and
annual
28, 1913:
May
of this
with
or
Bishop
the
Chicago.
to
the outskirts
on
community
no
here
never
of
expression than in the words
Anderson, of Chicago, in his charge to
"Come
no
delegates with
better
convention
made
understanding that they could not speak
official or
representative capacity. The
weakness
found
and
with
to
claims
privilege of
It
stay.
a
to
seems
Worse
his
a
Baptist Convention.
sectarian
being
say
that
still,it
denomination
Consequently, the
establish
and
Christianity.
narrow
that
two
division
rather
than
of
a
TO
HOW
186
and
salvation"
Apostles' Creed
(2) The
of
statement,
himself
two
with
ministered
(4)
of
method
its
the nations
of
unity of
Christian
for
so
far
failed to
in
the
way
Lord
the
"
of
words
ordained
the
look
will
ever
Lambeth
themselves, doubtless, in
before
the
century, but
has
been
a
result
slightestactual
accompHshing its
it as only a
upon
of
the
of
basis
Christ
by
Christ's
of
quarter
a
achieve
Christendom
that
of
elements
absorption,especiallyin
Historic
Episcopate.
the
sufficient
of
Supper
Quadrilateralhas
world
Protestants
the
Church.
the
Lambeth
The
baptismal
by him.
Episcopate,locallyadapted in
the varying
to
administration
into
and peoples called of God
the
of
Historic
The
the
and
as
the
ordained
unfailing use
institution,and
of
ard
stand-
faith.
sacraments
baptism
"
being
Creed
Christian
the
The
(3)
the
ultimate
and
as
Nicene
the
and
symbol,
needs
the rule
being
as
UNION
faith.
of
the
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
It
method
modified
of
view
Most
purpose.
of
its inclusion
inconceivable
seems
"get together" on the
proposals. Episcopalians
share this
large measure,
conviction.
A
^
0.
^
.
further
Particular
.
union
efforts which
have
churches
differences.
organic union,
real
"unions"
r
i
i-
r
for
feehng
^"Cjeased
Combinations
trivial
of
symptom
the
,
as
and
been
which
This
the
not
be
may
a-i
discovered
recentlyput forth to
are
separated by
is
a
definite
far
"
"
Christian
in
the
gamate
amal-
only
step toward
they go, are
Perhaps
merely federations.
results,so
as
FORCES
the most
of
MAKING
FOR
illustration in recent
notable
Presbyterian Church
Cumberland
Presbyterians.
in
the
form
due
of
a
turbulent
This
minority
State
courts
has
The
have
to
of
larger body of their
A still larger scheme
Congregationalist,United
Churches.
project, however,
This
with
the
over
the
objections
in
a
Cumberland
the
the
Cumberlands.
union
the
is that
consummated
was
peaceably
over
the
Protestant
years
occasionallysecured
bulk
gone
187
America
among
contested
has
in
since
years
minority
and
in its favor.
seems
few
a
UNITY
different
decision
Church
and
cordiallyto
was
that of
brethren.
for
union
Brethren
After
the
Methodist
and
much
discussion, this
have
fallen
through.
The
tral
Congregationalists,
having practicallyno cenauthority,find it difficult to do any sort of
the top." The
amalgamating "from
suggestionof
union, however, has done good.
Other
attempts at particularamalgamation may
be
scheduled
In
have
New
as
follows
Zealand
:
the
Wesleyans
Methodists
and
consolidated.
In
Australia
Presbyterians are
the
Church
of
England and the
negotiations looking
in
engaged
consolidation.
toward
In
England
have
Moravians
ultimate
In
to
seems
the
Established
established
Church
relations
and
the
looking toward
amalgamation.
the
United
and
their
the
States
Free
the
Northern
Baptist
general work
organic union to
two
vention
Baptist Con-
Conference
years
ago
and
their constituents.
idated
consolmended
recom-
The
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
TO
HOW
188
of America
Churches
United
and
Evangelical
are
UNION
Evangelical
making
overtures
groups
there
to
each
other.
Methodist
the
Among
of
discussion
So
Methodism.
united
a
is considerable
far this
tangible results.
The
Presbyterian Assemblies, U. S. A., U. S.
in the same
in 1913
and
United, met
city*at the
taken toward
time, but no definite steps were
same
U. S. A. appears
be "willin',"but
union.
The
to
has
discussion
branches
the other
There
is
in
Church
the
from
United
with
States
Reformed
the
for
amalgamation appears
thus far.
hopeful broached
most
the
Canada,
and
in
have
overtures
to
It
tial
substan-
achieved
been
Definite
of
union
a
have
to
its realization.
for
of
Dominion
seems
progress
made
of the Reformed
talk of the union
some
the
of
one
with
not.
are
latest scheme
The
comes
no
in America.^
Church
be
evolved
line
been
Presbyterian, Methodist
of the Dominion, and,
the
CongregationalChurches
favorable
as
as
already stated, indications appear
tain
of the undertaking. Cerregards the consummation
make
the task easier than it
specialconditions
would
be in the United
States, and the experiment
with interest by all who
will be watched
cerned
conare
of Christianity.*
with the progress
and
*
combinations
of
the
of
the
Arthur
of
World
Conference
Morton
the
see
on
Faith
for
overtures
(William
opposition still retards
fuller
For
churches,
Canadian
S.
'
Georgia.
Atlanta,
this
1913
and
union,
Briggs,
details
report
Order.
see
regard
in
"The
Toronto,
of
^
the
For
particular
Joint Covention
a
Way
1912).
project (Jan. 1, 1916).
to
full discussion
to
Union,"
by
Presbyterian
FORCES
All
MAKING
189
particularamalgamations of
and
worthy of encouragement,
are
that
yet it is readily seen
of the
wiped
they
Should
question.
be
and
out
ones
left,the denominational
with
us.
of
UNITY
efforts toward
denominations
heart
FOR
do
all the
is
only a group
problem would
simplifiesa
of
problem
of
reduce
to
large
still be
kind
any
good thing, and
a
the
little denominations
Nevertheless, the obliteration
denominationalism
touch
not
it
it to
tainly
cer-
fewer
figures.
Amalgamation, along with federation,shows
trend
first
in
the
are
beginning to
his fellows;
saw
It will not
the clearer
be
Christian
world.
vision will
that
World
is, **as
providence of
^^^
Conference
was
^,
Church
Order
Faith
on
,
appomted
Mr.
Conven-
Episcopal
great deal
.
,
jomt
a
about
The
of the
some
.
a
mission
com-
World
joint commission
bers
leadingmem-
Bishop Anderson
of
J. Pierpont Morgan, one
liberal endowment,
a
of
bring
Order.
and
composed
the
church,
originalmembers,
that
Protestant
.
to
chairman.
man
walking."
God, before
the General
1910
^j^^^ ^"
on
and
of
trees
blind
^
Conference
Faith
the
as
where
every-
come.
In
7. The
union
see
the
long, in
Christians
the
with
financed
and
of
the
the
commission
report
reallyvaluable
for
the
with
1913
work
as
a
shows
has
been
accomplished. Instead of going about the task of
union
by submitting a definite platform like the
Lambeth
Quadrilateral,the proposition is to hold
universal World
the proba
Conference, at which
lem
of
unity
may
be
discussed
freelyand
without
hindrance
which
be
World
the
report
Conference
characteristic
Christians
agreement
between
of
yet the business
prayers,
force
the
holding
tians,
Chris-
which
ideal
is not
unity, but
conference
a
and
thoughts
of
such
of
of
only
commission
the
particular scheme
any
promote
is the
their
in
call, at
churches.
several
the
of
all
approximations
various
of
have
should
the
not
organic unity
while
That
of
scope
of
men
consideration
values
the
of
the
and
difference
behef
"2.
within
shall
there
but
to
is
as
described.
above
have
may
in
That
"3.
of
various
appointed
at
assurance
that
not
*'4.
questions
formulated
in advance
competent
of
schools
as
Conference
World
value, the
shall be
considered
be
the
that
order
maximum
a
committees
can
ideal of
the true
churches
points of
to
the
from
great meeting participatedin by
a
Christian
to
lined
fullyout-
1913:
is of
all
is
definite purpose
following quotation
the
"1. That
of
UNION
CHRISTIAN
The
all.
by
in
for
PROMOTE
TO
HOW
190
these
committees
successfullychallenged.
eration
the subjects for joint considThat
among
of the EpisCommittee
copal
by the Executive
be
and
the
General
Committee
appointed at this meeting are the following:
be considered
"First, What
questions must
be
can
shall
be, and
be
to
early a date as is consistent with
their truly representativecharacter
Commission
it
by
representative of
men
thought,
there
be
when
considered
convened,
and
where
the
how
what
its
it shall
World
ence
Confer-
membership
assemble.
fore
be-
shall
MAKING
FORCES
How
"Second,
and
considered
such
referred
to
the
for
matters
shall
best
when
consideration
be
those
by
ascertained
be
which
the committees
and
how
and
191
prior questions can
Conference
World
UNITY
answered.
"Third, How
the
FOR
to
are
and
study them,
committees
shall
be
for
the
'
appointed."
report indicates
The
proposed World
met
by Christians
of
the
Conference
of almost
been
have
that
overtures
have
been
cordially
all communions.
missions
Com-
appointed in nearly all
the
for
globe, and the outlook
becoming a realityis encouraging.
The
report
conference
chief hindrances
patience
(1) indifference,(2) im"Indifference"
and
(3) suspicion. Under
it says some
excellent things. For
example, take
the following:
lack of real"Indifference
arises chieflyfrom
ization
a
of
the overwhelming
importance of the
visible
and
of
restoration
organic unity among
Christians ; but also from
disbelief in its practical
possibility.It is therefore an important branch of
work
reach
to
our
we
can
persuade those whom
of the shameful
evils which
flow from our
unhappy
will of Christ
that
divisions,of the undoubted
to
its work
that the three
states
the
countries
have
been
visible
unity should be restored and maintained,
the futility
of all substitutes for organic union
maintaining such unity, and of the grounds
belief that reunion
be
can
brought about if
1
Report
Protestant
13
of
Joint Commission
Episcopal Church,
to
1913, pp.
the
General
17, 18.
Convention
of
of
in
for
we
the
HOW
192
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
TO
unchristian
abandon
effort
unselfish
and
seek
tempers,
understand
to
all,lend ourselves
another, and, above
one
UNION
the
to
in prayer
of
guidance
the
God,
Holy Spirit.'"
in the
headed
substitutes
right
a
is at
the head
point
the
of
of
by
all
Anderson
Bishop
as
is
with
man
that
guarantee
a
the
writer
general conception of
the bishop and
characterize
to
Thomas
Campbell
this
that
fact
ideal
cleric in the
prominent
a
aside
the
actuated
The
Stone.
a
It is difficult for
appears
which
view
movement
distinguish between
which
that
circumstance
it will get somewhere.
that
It brushes
direction.
mere
catholic
such
union
certainly
organic union, and its analysisof the
with
in accordance
is strictly
the way
The
facts.
to
is
for
difficulties in
the
Commission
Conference
World
The
Barton
or
being pushed
is
Established
is
Church
son's
Bishop Anderexceedingly hopeful indication.
influence,
commanding
position gives him
in the
and
communion
both
in his own
religious
an
world
large.
at
close this
up
the
We
do
chapter better
advantages
federation
or
any
of
that
believe
not
can
we
by allowing him to sum
organic union as opposed to
than
similar
other
He
arrangement.
says:
"Let
aim
us
organic unity
despair
There
they
^
of
Report,
before
as
us
comprising
be
may
are
Let
high.
steps
p.
22.
all
intermediate
on
a
us
not
the
be
afraid
goal, and
journey, not
to
let
us
within
Christendom
steps
place
to
be
not
it.
taken, but
stopping-places.
HOW
194
PROMOTE
TO
CHRISTIAN
UNION
Questions
1. What
played
in the
progress
2. What
of
the
Restoration
toward
union?
blunders
Restoration
3. What
suggested
the
has
part
marred
the
progress
cause?
methods
four
aside
have
movement
the
from
of
union
of
plea
have
been
and
Campbell
his
associates ?
4. Define
and
5. Sketch
brieflythe
6. What
the
federal
illustrate the
the
are
of
tion.
absorp-
federation.
of
idea
chief
method
virtues
and
defects
of
movement?
is meant
7. What
8. Give
illustrations
some
"Lambeth
by the
of
lateral"?
Quadri-
nations
particularcombi-
of churches.
9. Outline
the Dominion
10.
World
of
the
of
What
origin and
for the World
13. What
unity?
on
have
amalgamation
ideal
the
of the
purpose
Faith
been
calling the
12. What
for
movement
in
Canada.
Conference
11.
way
State
the
and
chief
proposed
Order.
hindrances
in the
conference?
appears
to
dominate
the
plan
Conference?
is
Bishop
Anderson's
conception
of
XI
Forces
Making
for
195
Unity (Continued)
OUTLINE"
1.
The
CHAPTER
Field
Foreign
"
XI
Urgency
Need.
China.
2.
Union
3.
The
4.
Union
in
Japan.
5. Union
in
India.
6.
The
in
Christian
Chinese
Edinburgh
World
196
Church.
Conference.
of
the
XI
MAKING
FORCES
Foreign
The
I.
with
sant
of
Urgency
of
Many
Field"
(Continued)
UNITY
FOR
those
the
most
conver-
present
of
status
the
^^^
^^^^^
Christen-
in
movement
^^^^
believe
dom
contributions
greatest
from
the
lands
is
foreign
opposition
The
fall
apart
The
doctrinal
find
home
little
As
missionary.
care
place
about
is
Anderson
forces
sad
ecclesiastical
differences?
controversies,
kindergarten
should
he
told
be
quarrels of
out
ours
Confession,
and
sprung?
all
which
of
.
Church
more
economic
to
men
preach
expenditure
197
family
of
cles,
Arti-
Augsburg
preach
can
the
Why
Christendom,
.
gospel, provide
more
of
sects
the
terdenomi
in-
in
Thirty-nine
the
Confession,
the
with
those
about
or
.
education?
Christian
pressed
ex-
Why
.
especially
anything
united
The
.
a
his
Westminster
the
with
of
stage
the
know
contaminated
be
havoc
well
has
non-Christian
non-Christian
the
to
suicide.
.
should
pact
com-
fife of
strenuous
the
does
our
such
home.
at
commit
to
play
the
in
Bishop
"What
it:
is
which
problems
is
Christian
the
For
heathen
in
it
the
coming
heathenism
of
firing-line
the
on
what
part
powerful.
and
at
from
the
on
is
situation
The
field.
of
one
made
being
now
different
very
that
it, and
God's
have
a
fuller
do
money,
it
HOW
198
than
the
can
choice
in
Christ
and
the
and
It
wise
be
differences,then
we
are
conceal
in the
The
heathen
sectarian
to
here,"
is
utterly defeat
immense
are
national
The
the
nothing
of
forms
the
lose
matters
situation
"
that
the
of
"The
tend
battle
of
because
old
path
of
successive
in
historic
Manifestation
of Unity,"
the
and
turies
cen-
faith, the
foreign
a
creeds,
to
Christianity is
sectarian
The
force
of
on
very
pp.
foolish
17-19.
exigencies
of
Christians
They
the
such
all present
can
mission
all
afford
not
quarrels
triflingsignificance. Hence,
tendency
of
racial
alien
an
customs,
them.
to
our
opposition of entrenched
parties together.
the uniform
that
vicious
and
barriers
and
creeds
in
in
to
by claiming
is there," is
the
message
inherent
the
helpless before
almost
to
of
in
force
the
have
Christianity.There
impact
pride
natural
vice
formidable
of
bringing
so,
diverse
understand
Christ
tremendous
doing
those
them
best
at
previous training
difficultyof
ecclesiastical
agents
not
of
program
prejudices, the
of
say
the
missionary
Christianity."
can
"Lo!
or
choice
a
'
confuse
obstacles
missionary.
tongue,
To
Church.
in
our
truer
a
populations
divisions.
Christ
"Lo!
of
interest
the
wrong
differences
organizations whose
Church
no
the
maintaining
in
wrong
that
either
are
between
make
to
conceals
or
they
said
The
the
and
them
If it be
be
between
Church
the
minimizes
propaganda
churches.
must
master,
compel
to
UNION
all the
lands
other
some
churches.
else
of
aggregate
world, between
between
or
CHRISTIAN
non-Christian
not
can
PROMOTE
TO
we
over
find
field is
to
FORCES
fraternize
FOR
have
been
side
work
the
greatest work
the
China
the
field has
Mission
Church
of
Church
that
to
for
these
uttered
follows
^,
^,
.
for
he
rianism
secta-
native
a
the
.
.
an
in
Reviezv
Celestial
^
ing
inform-
of Missions,
Kingdom as
:
the
"Second:
the
"Third:
be
develop
to
the
missionary
and
more
his
more
in
time
gradually
pastors
founding
of the soil.
women
chief occupation of
is
depends
educating that
training and
youth for the ministry and similar works.
far as
The
church
work, as
possible,
and
Christian
and
men
The
future
energy
China
evangelization of
The
largelyupon
should
.
.
Christian,
in
situation
the
''First:
in
emotion,
Cheng- Ching- Yi,
article in the International
up
the
Church
China
in
Chmese
sums
Will
room
no
sions
divi-
divided
with
*T
.
^
.
Union
versation
con-
^
Mr.
.
,,
2.
the
is
words, 'There
nominational
interde-
western
Tibet?
into
be
on,
missionary:
the various
come
of
his
relates
Tibetan
Trembling
Tibet.' "
in
Some
carried
been
Cory
and
tions,
condi-
example, by
E.
Tibet
conquers
sectarianism?'
these
side harmoniously.
agencies. A.
with
Ogden, the
said, 'Ogden, do you want
the
199
Catholics
under
known,
by
on
Inland
of
UNITY
get together. Even
and
Protestants
to
MAKING
of
;
the
the
of
task
Church
the
and
of
hands
left in the
is
the
raising of
the
missionaries
not
the
nese
Chi-
the
structure.
"Fourth
^
Address
:
of
The
A.
E.
of
Church
Corry
Louisville, Ky., Oct.
at
the
20, 1912.
China
National
must
Convention
be
of
sclenthe
ciples,
Dis-
HOW
200
PROMOTE
TO
UNION
CHRISTIAN
trained
for
self-support and
taught and
tifically
privilege go
self-government. Responsibilityand
and can
be separated.
hand
in hand
not
There
union.
iipon
Church
Chinese
The
"Fifth:
and
was
introducing church
divisions
is every
believe
better
been
to
reason
The
non-existent.
is
based
be
necessity for
East, and there
Church
of
have
would
had
conditions
oneness
think
no
in the
the
been
Church
of
Church
the
deeper than
even
the
characterized
have
should
vital
I
Christ, which
is
if such
developed
should
unity,
of
one
as
its
^Master
Lord
and
For
this our
especial features.
times
several
pleaded with the Father on behalf of
the
that
his
think, however,
People
people.
in
churches
the
that
and
such
union
a
figurativespeech
and
tender
the
remember
in
China,
word
of
chief
Christ
importance.
work.
our
and
eyes
try
to
and
prayer,
is
For
the
many
other
one
years
the
has
done
Society of China
in
It has powerfully helped China
both
directly and
advancement,
growth and
indirectly.The emphasis
activityin the future
her
the
turn
leaf?
new
literature
Church
Literature
Christian
on
a
over
as
Granted
new
his
and
affairs,
upon
vision.
interest
traditional
Christian
of
excellent
or
looked
not
we
of
state
is the
China
Should
leaststurn
at
"Sixth:
matter
in
young.
historical
from
ease'
only be
imaginary
an
or
circumstances
present
can
here
is so,
this
that
under
'hardened
the
reached
have
West
word
'Christian.'
of
this branch
of
China
'literature,'but
is not
rather
of
so
the
tian
Chrismuch
word
HOW
202
TO
doubtless
PROMOTE
would
did
CHRISTIAN
them
see
if
UNION
long-standing prejudices
interfere.
not
It is
noteworthy, also, that the Chinese Church
sentiments.
to-day putting in practice these
is
Protestant
Christianityin
The
one.
in
missionaries
and
complete
a
this Church
of
he
the
It
Christian
united
the
world
canism,
is the
into
or
any
in
We
world
other
China
are
of
'ism.'
little
few
or
interest
no
of them
know
in
of
it.
I
what
led
to
realize
of
tained
con-
for
future
near
without
Lord
is
Cheng, a
Christians,"
going
Methodism,
to
a
inational
denomconvert
Aneli-
or
Jesus
Christ
world.
Chinese
Christians
take
Very
lines
their
own
origin of their own
less do they feel the
still
just because
along
^
back
denominationalism.
They belong
so
they were
ask
^1
that
the historical
particulardenomination,
force
1
World
not
The
"Speaking generally,the
Mr.
the
in
see
sug-
Church
the
Chinese
only ideal for the
and
one
a
Reviezv
so
statement
a
"We
Church
distinctions.
in
written
like to
^
ideas
of
by
church.
"would
says,
The
indicated
is
noted
Christian
land.
Missionary
1911.
October,
the
be
may
do
above
,
Chinese
well
are
in the
member
in
power
the
.^
S:est.ons it
the
already
line with
^.
Church
largely
very
together, and
harmony.
In
Christian
is
work
absolute
Chinese
3. The
China
certain
to
led
to
denominations
Christianity.
.
will
Chinese
Christians
as
responsibility
well
.
.
be
as
privilege? Are we going to form a kind of Chinese
Congregationalism,Chinese Presbyterianism and the
of
it?
rest
Chinese
Christian
Surely a united
FORCES
MAKING
Church, without
right direction
future
on
"It
the
nevertheless,it
Now
is the time
be
well
such
basis; viz.,a union
is worth
be
the Mount
of
and
view
"The
divine
our
Olives, where
we
diversities of
unity
of
Christian
itself
brighter and
all the
that
shall be
not
obtain
of
with
look
of
one
the
way,
that
the
up
have
1
Missionary
Church,"
the
sits upon
it."
preferred allowingthe
themselves
for
who
in
Rcviezv
the
of the
October, 1911.
matter
World,
of
article
in
so
oneness
all!
Such
in its time,
good,
unity
and
and
faces
great white
'
Chinese
Christian
on
by,
go
all the
upon
solid
manifest
days
bound
sink
are,
love
above, where
concentrated
the One
throne, and
We
Home
larger
the
unspeakably precious for the world's
will be transfigured at last into the
alliance
of
top
a
they
as
of
harmony, and unity be the motto
majestic unity will be a blessing here
it
we
rites,of opinions,
of
and
nominati
de-
our
the
to
can
May
brighter as
churches
Chinese
Sometimes
compared
love.
the
need.
forms,
insignificancewhen
of
gain
is the
Master
the world's
of
and
missions.
our
of the different denominations, real
into
Church.
working for, and
even
with
go
wider
and
great word, is comparatively a small
a
nor
to
let the
to
perhaps sacrifice,on
missionary societies. But,
while.
The
if one
sacrifice,
various
should
we
need
is the
grounded
thing when we think of the welfare
Chinese
Church; for, after all, it
Church
203
denomination,
any
at.
UNITY
and
difficulty,
means
use
to
Church
solid
a
part of
may
aim
to
Chinese
founded
the
regard
FOR
"The
speak
unity in
to
Chinese
tian
Chris-
Plow
204
TO
The
China.
and
only
even
the
to
his
stations
UNION
growing
boards
rapidly,
home
keep
at
Mr.
to-day.
apart
address, referred
Louisville
A.
E.
pointedly
this fact:
first great
is the
mention
A
home.
one
time:
out
of
'Mr.
of
all the
another
church
of
apart.'
a
was
have
way
in China
to
be
would
'It is only the
the
West
that
to
statement
great steps of union
by the sectarianism of the Church
is well
Mr.
Cory's statement
to
get
of
whether
I
only
in
that would
hindered
home."
at
have
would
will,have been
Christ's divine
me
united
not;
truth, but
any
to
Chinese
say
or
at
hand
keeps the
prepared
not
am
compromised
contributed
were
said:
extreme
that many
said
He
I
very
churches
if the missionaries
Cory,
months.'
Church
know
of
that I would
union
to
sectarianism
missionary
divisions
this
hindrance
China, the Church
six
the
no
been
denominational
mission
"The
in
has
movement
the
Cory, in
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
'
paralleled by
the
of Mr.
F. B. Meyer, the wellstriking comment
known
religious
English student and writer upon
Mr. Meyer, after a trip to China
themes.
a
year or
two
in
ago,
its
served
according
to
day
the
the native
Christians
E.
field.
that
added,
European
if the
withdrawn
were
in China
would
flow
Church.
Cory,
He
Chronicle:
missionaries
lA.
the mission
on
American
great
had
that denominationalism
stated
is little doubt
'There
one
published by the Sunday
interview
Chronicle,
School
about
an
.
Louisville
.
.
address,
Oct.
20,
1912.
and
to-morrow,
together in
FORCES
"If
of
the hour
ever
should
Jesus
Western
lands,
from
China
that
MAKING
the
East
become
I
and
should
would
UNITY
come
that
205
the
that
would
the
be
these
re-enforcements
forthcoming,and
time
give to the
price."
second
a
reHgion
in
extinguished
believe
Japan
FOR
pearl of immeasurable
A
practicalphase of union in China, from the
educational point of view, has been the establishment
West
the
of the
University of Nanking as a union school, the
Methodists, Presbyterians North,
Presbyterians
and
South
ment.
Disciplesof China joining in the moveThose
gains for the
impossible to
school
but
who
have
of
cause
visited
the
school
education, but
think
many
against denominationalism
declare
supported by denominational
experiment
an
report
and
must
in
funds.
a
It
judged by
be
it
is
its
fruits.'
The
.
,^
.
4. Union
in
_
Japan,
of
"Church
Christ
of
in
,
Japan
missions, has
,,
.
,
representing
a
number
widespread attention.
union
ference
policy began with the missionary conin 1900, at which
time there
held in Tokio
The
appointed
was
a
attracted
"Standing
Missions."
This
Committee
committee
of
ative
Co-oper-
consisted
of
one
mission,
representativesof each Protestant
and has held regular meetings since its appointment.
"The
known
It has also published an
annual
as
In
Christian
in Japan."
Movement
commenting
writer says:
this situation,a recent
upon
or
more
"It is
*
See
certain
practically
also the
Missionary
Review
organization of
of the
World,
the
that the
Shantung
October, 1911.
conference
Christian
will
University.
"
HOW
206
TO
henceforth
PROMOTE
for
stand
organic union,
of
will
a
for
stand
broad
for
stand
education.
in
Japan,
forward
Through
this
formed,
be
there
to
be
will
education
of
few
the
whole
of
the
it will
strong
a
is about
Japan,
of
framing
in
a
and
form
uni-
providing for
children
and
the
in social and
^
indications
strong
churches
Protestant
divisions
these
in
need
; it
Christian
in
committee
great
course,
general divisions
of
of
movement
missionaries'
presents
unity with
the
study
forces; and
effort in the
eleemosynary work."
Japan
Japan
conference, also,
a
language-study
of
the
not
closer
a
literature
meet
union
in
comprehension
co-operative Christian
to
denominations
strong
a
UNION
federation, if
distribution
better
a
close
a
all the
missionary problem
field and
CHRISTIAN
for
the
the
are
of
ultimate
in
grouped
The
largest
Christ
formed
(Re-
present.
Church
a
of
and
United
Presbyterian communions).
(all Methodist
bodies) and the Kumiais
Methodist
native
or
Congregationalists. It
that
these
the
three
great
Presbyterian
The
and
union
all students
historical
the
The
strong,
both
Oriental
of
1
because
the
Missionary
as
of
lines
habitual
of
the
strong, however,
anticipatinga
are
forces
of
opposed
Review
the
"
so
opposition to
and
civilizations
is
situation
amalgamation
future.
observed
polities Episcopalian,
Congregational.
sentiment
of
be
separated along
are
groups
will
to
in
the
that
plete
com-
distant
not
Christianityin Japan
the
native
morality of
lax
the
World,
pride of
sterner
Vol.
XXIV.,
code
p.
the
of
395.
is
the
old
Jesus.
FORCES
MAKIxNG
FOR
UNITY
207
Russia, a reputedly
victory of Japan over
the feeUng of opposition,
Christian nation, increased
The
divisions
the
and
Christians
among
have
not
pealed
ap-
the
of the inhabitant
keenly analyticalmind
of Nippon.
afford
can
not
Christianity
pend
existence,desplitin Japan. Victory, and even
to
to
fully reaHze
the
realize it and
are
From
The
Church
at
situation,but
the
union.
upon
of
some
Oriental
mission
reported that the native
have
teachers
does
do
accordingly.
fields it is already
Christians
their
and
actuallyrefused
help from
this help could
v^hen
not
missionaries
in the end, to act
sure,
the
home
America
that
they understood
only be
In a
procured by perpetuatingdenominationalism.
few
notable
in Philadelphia,
a
speech made
years
ago
Mr. Robert
E. Speer said with reference to
the poHcy of delay urged by some
of the more
servative
conadvocates
of union: "You
gentlemen may
on
delay if you wish, but the men, the younger
men,
the mission
going
field
going
not
are
The
.
5. Union
in
and
form
of
held
the
of
at
the
same
Japan,
For
...
has
been
but
It has
federation, the
first
second.
run
14
less
the most
later conference.
the
in India
movement
meeting
been
second
conference
The
main
parallelwith
lines
and
followed
the constitution
the
being
the first
at
reports
no
constitution
discussed
m
thoroughly active
part it has assumed
The
was
than
pronounced
Jubbulpore, August 9, 1911, and
place in April, 1909. We have
at
a
union
India
the less.
none
are
,.
,
11,
China
delay. They
get together."
to
,
"
to
suggested
adopted at
in the
of
ment
docu-
the Fed-
208
HOW
eral
Council
TO
PROMOTE
of
the
It is announced
India
CHRISTIAN
Churches
that
of
all the
UNION
Christ
in America.
organized churches
in
with
the
co-operating in this movement
exception of the Anglicans and the American
tists.
BapThe
Missionary Herald, the official organ of
the American
of the situation
Board, in a summary
in India, has the followingto
say:
are
union
''Hardly a year passes without some
new
schemes
those
being reported as an advance
upon
would
do well to study
preceding. We in America
such movements
toward
tion
organic unity and federa-
this mission
upon
all the
though
have
reported
a
India
A
is to
of
union
churches
India.'
This
plans for union
yet become
not
field.
be
can
and
proposed
be
fully operative. Last year we
Presbyterian and Congregational
into
'United
a
Church
of
Society, the
of
missions
United
the
Free
London
Church
the
our
own
mission.
hear
of
missions
paper
In the Marathi
is
of
now
federation
field
where
churches
is not
in vogue
Reformed
organized
Madura
a
proposed
union
with
A
yet feasible.
which
union
Missionary
progress
modern
toward
missions.
a
June
new
era
unity,as
Twelve
Con-
in Edin-
assembled
^^^^-^i' Scotland,
1910, marked
historyof modern
in the historyof
Scotland,
Dutch
World
fcrence
vsfodd^"'^^
Confcrence
be
to
in Madura."
The
^' '^^
we
South
ary
Mission-
of
English Wesleyan and the
Missions, and, if possible, by
of
South
theological college for
within
started
few months,
a
the
even
adopted
union
supported by
scheme
said
14-23,
in
the
well
as
hundred
TO
HOW
210
October, 1910,
Journal
for
"At
outset
the
forcible
be
Church.
human
life,the need
all the
brethren
in
different
"
to
these
the
only
share
the
became
Later
"It
behooves
discover
which
in
on
such
will allow
for
best of
of
life with
of
of
multitude
varied
a
of
churches
world
the
they
writer
says:
Christendom
differences
some
joy
intense
quicklyas possiblesome
as
all
hood
brother-
The
article the
same
the
to
^
insistent."
the
else
one
any
conceptions expressed
separate speakers,that the view
involved
nor
assertion,because
were
by
ways,
Christian
the
self-evident.
Christ
man!
of
he
an
it became
assembly
of
such
made
says:
Canterbury gave
that missionary activity
concern
neither
on
and
of
idea
the
UNION
further
goes
Archbishop
central
the
Later
have
that
the
expression to
must
would
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
basis of
of
to
union
opinion and
portant
imthe most
practice. This was
He
subject before the conference."
says
Christian
there bold in
workers
also: "Many
came
the belief that the Christian's personal relation to
the livingChrist could be alone the basis of a unity
visible in one
speaker put
organization. As one
definitions ;'all that
it,*We do not want
theological
of
devotional
we
want
is
and
for
Most
of
many
Jesus Christ,
ever."
interesting,however, were
them
brief, from
very
detailing the
sentiment.
Said
p.
80.
Hibbert
same
day
yesterday,to-
^
themselves,
^
the
Dr.
Journal, Vol.
O.
IV.,
progress
L.
p.
76.
the
Hibbert
leaders
mission
of
Kilburn, of
^
speeches,
the
union
Chengtu,
Journal, Vol.
IX.
FORCES
MAKING
West
China:
work
for all,a union
a
union
"We
China."
three
gave
forces
(3)
reasons
against us;
the
.
ideal
Martin
added
money;
(2)
of
the
is
aim
should
Christian
one
unite:
world
the
To
these
others:
(1)
Christ.
division
better
in
S. S. Thomas,
why we
(2) that
doing
Chinese,
press
magazine
.
Rev.
four
211
mission
Christian
.
UNITY
union
a
Our
hymnal.
for
Church
have
FOR
may
Rev.
of
India,
(1) The
believe;
G.
Currie
saving in
labor; (3) the
The
of
in the
(4) the resultingadvance
gain in efficiency;
The
Bishop of Southwark, a High
Kingdom.
be loyal to
said quite truly: "We
Churchman,
may
the things that divide us and yet loyalto the things
Arthur
us."
Dr.
that
unite
J. Brown, of the
American
Presbyterian
said: "There
on
the
Some
is
no
followed
Board
why
reason
should
we
of
foreignfields the
bad
time
missionaries
some
ago,
state
this
and
reproduce
things at
decided
home.
on
a
putting within the body of the
joint catechism
and in the appendix
book
the points of agreement
the work
When
the points of difference.
was
complished
acstruck by the strength of the
all were
of the appendix.
body of the text and the weakness
science and
Why not follow the example of modern
N.
W.
Mr.
the appendix?"
Rowell, of
cut
out
Toronto, Canada, representing the strong union
sentiment
now
prevalent in the Dominion, said very
to push a united
can
appeal to men
forcibly:"We
"
work
in the
world, but
denominations."
^
for
an
See
the
to
perpetuate competing
^
Missionary
admirable
not
sketch
Review
of
the
of the
Edinburgh
World
for
Conference.
September, 1910,
HOW
212
TO
The
in
of
easily
broader
field,
than
vision
are
indissolubly
for
Christian
The
reach
they
and
bound
unity.
a
it
truer
up
at
with
for
On
gospel
home.
great
the
more
is
There
Foreign
the
that
believe
abroad.
aim.
life.
movement
primitive
the
reach
men
tically
prac-
and
activity
union
of
in
to-day
men
house
store-
a
influence
the
stimulated
follow
been
tremendous
church
of
will
have
constitute
been
thoughtful
home
at
foreign
has
department
Many
unity.
and
information.
especially
has
UNION
conference
the
volumes
nine
gathering
great
union
of
valuable
every
It
CHRISTIAN
proceedings
published
the
PROMOTE
Missions
movement
a
FORCES
MAKING
FOR
UNITY
213
Questions
State
1.
for
necessity
union
the
on
field.
foreign
2.
"What
3.
Summarize
4.
Sketch
5.
What
has
progress
the
Cheng
Ching
Yi.
Church.
Christian
chief
the
of
China?
in
made
argument
Chinese
the
is
union
obstacle
to
union
the
on
field?
foreign
Summarize
6.
and
the
briefly
briefly
the
of
testimony
Cory
Meyer.
7.
Sketch
8.
Give
with
the
regard
9.
11.
How
the
did
12.
Give
the
13.
union?
Robert
foreign
union
conference
deal
Speer
field.
made
World
E.
in
India?
Conference.
with
the
ject
sub-
union?
the
testimony
of
representative
ers
speak-
conference.
has
What
Conference
Mr.
Japan.
in
Edinburgh
the
Christian
of
the
has
progress
Outline
of
testimony
on
union
of
progress
unity
to
What
10.
at
the
in
been
the
fostering
value
the
of
sentiment
the
Edinburgh
for
tian
Chris-
XII
Interdenominational
Activities
and
Retrospect
215
"
pect
Pros-
CHAPTER
OUTLINE"
1. The
Interdenominational
2.
The
Y.
3.
The
Y.
4.
The
Laymen's
5.
The
Unity
6.
Union
7.
A
8.
Wells'
Hopeful
M.
P.
Idea.
A.
C.
S.
XII
C.
E.
Movement.
Commissions.
Literature.
View.
Little
Catechism
216
for
Christians.
HOW
218
TO
PROMOTE
CHRISTIAN
The
rr-x.
"*
TT
IneY.
2.
M.L.
^
UNION
first great
A
interdenom-
A.
...
inational
the
Men's
Young
Sir
George
has
achieved
Christian
WilHams
of
the association
237
were
of
$62,800,000.
was
of
development
Y.
its sister
Both
of
these associations
The
W.
Y.
confined
have
the
noted
C
have
fore
there-
church
uix)n
have
corners
elbowing in
the
In
Y.
been
M.
unity.
1881
rninister in
P
S
C
E
his
for
definite church
the
The
both
become
years
there
three
celebrated
man
famous.
were
over
million
the
and
Portland, Maine,
people
young
At
the
the
the
called
of
movement
end
fiftythousand
members.
by
Congregational
a
and
and
A.
People's Society
"Young
Endeavor."
work
has
smooth
worn
C.
A.
their attention
service, and
bearing
and
task
fellowship of a common
productive of a better feeling,however,
constant
over
188.274.
be
must
organization,the
little direct
denominational
band
A.
A.'s
organization
growth and
the
C.
C.
of
the
all
book
common
been
Y
of
with
practical Christian
had
M.
associations,
M.
of
of
nearly half
membership
assets
by
fully
success-
year
of
membership
the
that
to
the
1,914 local Y.
Along
the
has
members
1910
railroad
valuation
property
of
In
active
an
of
organization
and
support
total
a
This
renown
showed
with
million, and
There
1844.
communions.
in America,
a
in
the
that
was
Association, founded
world-wide
commanded
Protestant
movement
When
twenty-fifthanniversary
of
ganized
or-
into
a
ization
organ-
Christian
have
eighteen
societies and
the
of
society
its birth
PROSPECT
the
of
number
local
RETROSPECT
denomination
found
well
as
of
main
The
B.
the
Y.
P.
M.
Y.
works
The
result
and
they
the
globe
large
in
grouped
the
the
been
the
much
a
of
Christian
churches.
ship
fellow-
common
speedily recognized by
with
denominationalism,
head
to
steps
prompt
S. C.
P.
the
Endeavor
the
denominational
Y.
than
touched
hardly
this
portant
im-
more
sentiment
union
the
was
of
took
others.
directly through
separate
after
on
Moreover,
were
latter
people
advocates
organizing
has
influence
young
that
list.
and
all, while
at
tremendous
older
E.
The
A.
primarily
of
U.
P.
helping
in
C.
life
church
Y.
S. C.
factor
the
the
to
Protestant
every
country
every
in
increased
organizations which
split off from
such
the Epworth
and
Luther
as
stem,
Leagues,
and
people
young
denominational
the
as
representation
numbers
219
organizationshad
seventy-threethousand,
over
the
AND
E.
it
off,by
societies
When
one
the
terned
pat-
thinks
deliberatelyturning aside one
for the early fulfillment
of the greatest movements
for unity ever
Lord's
of our
inaugurated,
prayer
he can
not
help again re-echoing John Wesley's
sentiment
about
not
people can
*'why the Lord's
of
thus
Christians
allow
Satan
thing
in
to
which
is disunion
and
do
his
the
work."
own
of
powers
division
in
the
If
evil
there
must
ranks
of
is
one
rejoice,it
the
sition.
oppo-
only deeply deplore that blinded
which
Christian
sectarianism
split the
great
it might
into fragments when
Endeavor
movement
so
easilyhave been one.
We
can
Notwithstanding
the
attacks
of
denominational
HOW
220
TO
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
leaders,the Endeavor
is
It
churches
in which
reserved
s
little group
idea
,
Francis
Laymen's Movement
^."^"
that
few
were
about
seemed
to
they
years
any
facts.
act
as
a
movement
all
it has
York, November
15,
which
in
start
a
movement
the
It is questionable
revolution.
a
modern
has
crusade
meant
of the church.
progress
damental
funcaught hold of two
First, that the church, to succeed,
whole
"
both
second, that actions and
the
the
Movement
Laymen's
must
^1
m
the
however, for the real
more,
The
New
work
would
^-
prayer-meetmg
^
was
"
fiftymen
present, and
give slightemphasis to
to
were
whether
Christian
pastor
service
life of
the
are
and
people; and,
essential factors
every-day
man.
The
has
than doubled
the gifts
already more
missionary enterprisesin the churches where
in some
it has
worked, and
accomplished
greater results.
Christian
It has
been
an
inational
interdenom-
and
organization, and, like Federation
Endeavor, has linked Christians together
practicalservice and charity. Its
the cause
of unity has
thus
been
Dr. Samuel
B. Capen:
in
is strongest
its founder,
.
^"
There
1906.
even
munions
com-
Clark.
city of
to
and
the
also
are
for union
for
and
The
in
denominations
the
Endeavor
Laymen
4. The
Movement
a
forged ahead.
of
history of the reunion
is finallywritten, a bright page
must
for
the Young
People's Society of
Christendom
Christian
the
the sentiment
When
to-day.
E.
that
it is strongest
in which
be
has
movement
noteworthy
UNION
influence
upon
expressed by
"The
divided
has
AND
movement
has
the
in
unity
PROSPECT
Church.
In
been
both
interdenominational
and
promote
have
we
been
helped
to
and
each
bring
about
common
doing
boards.
is
cause
and
are
lead
their
own
In
conventions
now
has
movement
The
recognition of
stand together.
they learn of
them
making
conferences
works,
to
The
all.
; it is
tags
greater practicalco-operation
a
interdenominational
others'
inations
buildingup denomWe
Kingdom of God.
sectarian
for
mission
between
are
not
the
sects, but
all for each
there
international,
are
really forgottenour
At
to
past years
and
rivalries; we
more
their
much
and each denomination
differing
camps,
interests;all this
thinking only of its own
which
is
changed. In this movement,
has
have
done
221
into
been
no
RETROSPECT
what
inspiredby
denominations
and
others
do
to
conferences, where
...
are
more.
all meet
platform, the best of all is gotten,
the best methods, the finest enthusiaspa and the true
dred
principlesupon which the work fe^s. For a huna
upon
common
the
years
Church
has
discussions
strength in profitless
hush
that
the cry
voice
of
we
humanity
of
judgment
Laymen's
that
7L,
Unity""
.
Commissions
.
the
*
"Men
General
and
Laymen's
of
God.
In
the
of
the
^
the
address
Committees,
New
rapidly increasinsr
the
\.
.
m
union
of
of
Dr,
York,
the
on
Protestant
establishment
Missions,"
trying to
distinctlyhear
greatest work
.
.
^
mterest
all
come
its
^
Movement."
With
5. The
of
are
we
the voice
this is the
some,
;
more
may
and
much
wasted
%
of
^
part
^
churches
has
''Commissions"
S.
Feb.
B.
Capen
22, 1911.
at
meeting
to
of
222
HOW.
TO
PROMOTE
develop, foster
"The
direct
and
unity sentiment.
were
The
of
the
commissions
of
progress
of
earliest
the
commissions
these
Unity" of
and
the
all
the
the
"Commission
Churches
were
about
at
the
of
Unity Foundation"
Episcopal Church, the "Committee
Comity, Federation
churches, and
and
UNION
Christian
Protestant
Union"
CHRISTIAN
of
established
time
same
in
Christian
These
the
that
on
tional
Congrega-
on
Christ.
the
three
same
year
The
year.
is the Rt. Rev.
president of the Unity Foundation
Frederick
the chairman
York;
Courtney, of New
of the Congregationalistcommittee. Dr. Wm.
Hayes
of the
the chairman
Ward, of New
York, and
Christian
more.
Commission, Dr. Peter Ainslie, of Balti-
the
Later
in
Presbyterian Church
America
"Church
on
appointed a committee
Co-operation and
W.
H. Roberts, D.D., of
Rev.
Union," of which
Philadelphia, is chairman, and nearly all of the
Protestant
other
churches
have
mittees
appointed comcommissions
or
These
problem.
together at intervals,
organizations have
union
been
the
achieved
union
Faith
the
minds
of
World
Order
largely occupied the
of
thought
may
future.
has
the
work.
union
a
further
The
in
commissions
It
idea
is
large number
in America.
be
is
now
not
met
has
progress
sentiment.
helped their
that
much
of
most
the
and
way
and
of
phases of the
dealing with
developing
Conference
tion
atten-
further
has
and
on
much
to
say
paramount
in
the
too
of the leaders
of
Christian
Rapid development and
expected along these lines
in the
ress
prognear
AND
RETROSPECT
The
literature
PROSPECT
Liter-
6. Union
"
,
,
has
union
the
developments in this
in March, 1913, of the
"journal of the faith,
the
at
of
head
of
advocates
devoted
the
destined
journal seems
part in the
Silas
play
of
churches
the
the
"This
isolated
the
to
a
has
the
a
better
of
communions
founded
treatment
of
understanding
Christendom.
what
the Christian
churches
believing, doing
has
to
have
had
it and
viction
con-
Christianity
the
between
It is called
it attempts
actually
are
thinking. The
full opportunity,and
ought to have it.
and
its
the
on
because
method
and
defined
thus
Quarterly
on
Protestant
introductory
of the Quarterly,
Constructive
build
sentatives
repre-
Greek
journal was
been
constructive
for
make
the
The
:
journal
that
will
of
purpose
editor
In
valuable
present-day
the
the first issue
published in
statement
of
the
his
and
church.
Orthodox
the
as
communions.
Catholic
Roman
by
well
as
merly
for-
of
one
contains
the
Quarterly
of practicallythe whole
Christendom,
including all of
board
editorial
Quarterly,
thought of
is
the
the
ment,
establish-
unity,
large and
of
reunion
coming
a
of
McBee,
Churchman,
to
ni
lars^e
^
the
and
Christian
i
One
Constructive
work
n
bulk
was
editor, Mr.
The
Christendom."
line
Christian
r
to
religiousworld.
finest
a
of
^^
bes^un
^
ature
223
destructive
will
But
tinue
con-
it has
effective
is most
to unite and
developed no power
in promoting division.
of all
"The
plan is to bring togethermembers
will write
who
communions
constructivelyof the
15
desire
would
communion
their
know
may
It is not
it known.
have
to
selves
them-
they
as
that
order
practice,in
Christianitythey profess and
others
UNION
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
TO
HOW
224
territorythat is sought, where courtesy and
diplomacy would naturallytend to avoid issues and
viction,
conoff the sharp edges of truth and
round
to
but rather common
loyalty
ground, where
neutral
to
and
Christ
be
will
Church
compromise
their
separation.
.
was
of
impact.
in
real
the
phere
atmos-
others
at
of
causes
the
key
and
men
to
all of
used
the
his
of
forces
gether!'
to-
The
strategy.
initiative
in order
armies
the
Must
apart, strike
'March
motto,
field marshal
of
an
.
Moltke's
*'Von
great
.
such
In
minimizing
best, without
of
knowledge,
believe
to
mere
atmosphere
an
mutual
easier
be
it should
to
artificial comprehension.
create
fellowship.
for
desire
mutual
is to
purpose
confidence, of
mutual
tendency
superficialand
to
or
the
his
and
him
about
from
secure
The
of
convictions
to
to
and
secure
Christendom
viduality
indi-
unity
always
of humanity?
separatelyagainst the enemies
for a
Is it not
possible to lay the foundations
greater unity by combining against the foes that
and society?
threaten the very citadels of the home
strike
When
once
and
another
in
the
churches
Christian
devote
Christ
their
and
life
his
to
mean
to
stand
under-
understanding
one
Church, they will strike
that no
military
togetherwith a scope and a power
A
united Christianity
symbol could ever
express.
all its parts
be incomparably greater than
would
because
it would
be
the
manifestation
of
Chris-
now
226
TO
Of
books
the
recent
found
the
pen
to
Christian
on
is
Mr.
in
entitled
helpful
book.
Canadian
admirable
an
"Church
stimulating statement
Mr.
point of view.
They
I)Ieaentitled "That
earlier
from
plea
Way
The
Toronto.
Level
Whittaker
from
one
"The
'The
the
Amos
from
by Briggs,
Union,"
a
during
volume
of
Union," published by
for Church
jects,
sub-
movement
entitled
Brown's
Bishop
kindred
appeared
Union," published by Briggs,
volume
is
and
S. Morton,
A.
UNION
have
The
legion.
expression
of
union
which
number
years
has
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
(1910),
Wells'
All
]\Iay be
of
the
a
Plan
can
Angli-
broader
R.
is
excellent
is
One"
an
Christian
great
generation. One
the
of the latest and
most
significantbooks
upon
subject is "The
IMessage of the Disciples of Christ
Union
of the
for the
Church," by Peter Ainslie
contains Dr. Ainslie's
(Revell, 1913). This volume
before
the Yale
Yale
Divinity
lectures, delivered
of
leaders
Endeavor
from
A
present
It is irenic, full of
School, 1912-13.
It is
stimulating.
the
commanding
space
to
the present
the
subject in
treatise,as
We
7.
ope
u
^^^^y
brief
fashion,
of
the
progress
many
union
of
toward
things
in
the
a
the
Church,
new
approval
do
will
not
books
be
have
the
on
after
a
comprehensive
fascinating history
and
the
its
separation, and
union.
story
union
treated,
have
and
all communions.
we
other
to
specifically
present chapter.
refer
to
of
words
in
widely separated churches
Christian
fuller bibliography on
appended
interest
which
There
must
have
cause
the
been
all
PROSPECT
Christians
as
The
well.
union,
which
one
be
to
conscience
based
The
church
elements
of
freedom
of
force
that
in
No
Better
The
united
dis-
a
the
be
never
can
together by
sounded
will
note
arbitrary
tyranny
or
held
Reformation
optimism
that
upon
Church
a
tlie
yet
conclusively
together.
than
and
and
based
upon
Christendom
absolutism.
regret,
shown
be
227
religiousconviction.
Church
in
has
vital,must
and
hold
freedom,
contains
past
ecclesiasticism
ever
RETROSPECT
feelings of
deep
is
picture
AXD
note
silenced
preservation
of
either
of
liberty
is not, however,
the
inconsistent
with
unity for
which
Christ prayed; it is rather
its indispensable
was
a
prerequisite. The unity of the early Church
both
the
to
unity which
largest freedom
gave
or
individuals
Church
churches, and
and
will
to
of
be
feeling
full note
state.
of
for
this
closer
the
that
of
spread
wide-
the
takes
present
sition
oppo-
is
and
men
can
The
the
grounded in a perfectly
age
losing the pricelessherit-
When
they
unity of
all communions
of
co-operation
freedom.
convinced
in
Much
fact.
later
character.
same
unity
legitimatefear
of
the
unite
churches
their
forces
can
be
without
conscientious
convictions
the
and
sacrificing
spirit
of liberty,
there will be little worthy objection to
will still remain
the most
coming together. There
serious element
of opposition,that is to say, the
of unworthy motives,
such
as
prejudice,
presence
vested
interests,bigotry and denominational
pride,
but in the nature
of things these unworthy motives
must
in
things
the
that
end
will
pass
help
away.
them
to
One
pass
of
is the
the
chief
spiritof
TO
HOW
228
earnest
PROMOTE
the
and
prayer
CHRISTIAN
UNION
attitude
devotional
toward
of
It is characteristic
latter-day
problem.
is constantly being
Christianitythat this motive
literature of the
brought to the foreground. The
the
Conference
World
with
it, and
for
of
form
effort
the
the
better
a
was
followers
toward
the
all Christians.
by facts, but
frank
statement
in
will do
well
the
People
When
solution.
ultimate
kept
not
are
facts will
real
to
Church
divided
the
by prejudices,and
of
the
couched
factor is
significant
understanding of the
politiesof
and
apart
an
his
and
Another
part of
toward
followers
example.
creeds
diverse
his
prayer,
his
follow
on
a
is saturated
unity are going up from
everywhere. Jesus' great appeal
of
union
the
Order
and
for
prayers
Christians
devout
Faith
on
clear,
help greatly
rubbish
the
aside, it is being
bigotry is brushed
in essendiscerned
that Christianityis really one
tials
and that non-essentials
ought not to be allowed
of the triumph of essential
in the way
stand
to
tians
that genuine Chrisprinciples. It is inconceivable
of logical
will long permit such a contradiction
with
clear
Prayer combined
Christianityto rule.
and
exact
ous
knowledge can not but lead to the glori-
of
and
bias
consummation
see
the
the
basis
meantime,
which
so
mean
much
we
believe, as
to
the
able
are
we
for
practicalunion
Stone.
founded
movement
Here,
Christians
remains
at
may
least,is
unite
and
that
by
a
of
the
definite
preserve
to
definite
and
facts, that the only significant
Restoration
and
will
of the Church.
progress
In
which
the
great
Campbells
plea
the
upon
essen-
PROSPECT
tials of the
of
this
the present
of
dubious
it remains
and
distinct
plea
its
which
Peter
that
faults
and
the
one
viz.,the
of
from
for
Christian
the
his
the
If
less.
of
there
union.
those
broad
to
is
a
their
have
commenting
at
certain
holds
other
advocate
than
that
it has
of
the
been
not
the
Restoration
plea,
hearteningand
lead to inevitable
must
make
a
have
history
failed
at
of
many
not
the
failure.
It
non-sectarian
by advocating it in
misplaced emphasis upon
Restorationists
in
in
good none
practical plan for the
sectarian
a
General
encouraging. At the
of tremendous
time, it is one
responsibility.
there is advocacy and
appreciation of the
lines of the plea and emphasis only upon
sentials,
es-
quite easy
by
J. B.
Synod
far.
the work
is
tation,
presen-
Dr.
book
apostolicChurch,
who
the situation is
the
statement
Christendom
suggested thus
Unless
of
lectures,says of the book
position of
general
of the
restoration
same
are
is the
points, but
For
not
for reunion ;
only possibleone
absolute divinityof Christ and the authority
the
Holy Scriptures." Dr. Remensnyder
dissents
reunion
its
great, definite,
practical
Ainslie's Yale
"its basis
of
and
it presents, but, despite
Remensnyder, the president of the
of the Evangelical Lutheran
Church,
upon
progress
Many Christians do
significanceand others
misunderstandings
all
remarkable
age.
solution
the
The
229
its vital power
of
proof
a
appreciate
yet
as
is
RETROSPECT
faith.
common
plea
for
value
AND
the
plea narrowly
spiritand
wrong
entirelyescaped
past
points
The
non-essentials.
hundred
because
this
pitfall
years,
of
this
and
fact.
230
HOW
TO
Success, in
be
also
ciples,
prin-
upon
correct
we
theory, if our
presentationof the truth
by intolerance,by discourtesy,by narrowness
teristics,
vision,or by still more
unworthy charac-
of
it
statements
make
can
than
in
The
Campbells
force
in
little progress.
charity and
criticisms.
the
dominant
but
made
are
of
plea
only
However
men.
upon
UNION
in
is marred
rather
CHRISTIAN
this world, depends not
but
may
PROMOTE
writer
as
admonitions
believes
Stone
and
These
that the
would
be
the
Christendom
to-day if it had
been
presented at all times with breadth, charity
and
in the fullest irenic spirit. Its partial failure
has been
due
lack
of appreciation of these
to
a
fundamental
data of religionand life.
For
the rest, we
can
only hope that this little
volume
will contribute
in a slight way
better
to
a
understanding of the facts regarding Christian
union, and that its spirithas been such as to win
rather
than
repel
We
unity.
quoting
the
upon
Amos
R.
sins of
Wells'
"
Little
for
mate
ulti-
out
study withchism
catesignificant
our
dissension.
Question
8. Wells*
longings
conclude
not
can
Mr.
their
in
men
nominations
How
de-
many
there
are
in
the
Catechism
.
^^
for
United
Christians
,
^
States?
Answer
eighty-six,
according to
Ques. How
many
"
in the
Ans.
^
"A
in
"
One
latest
hundred
and
census.
denominations
were
banded
dis-
interval?
Twelve.
Little
the
the
"
Catechism
"Christian
for
Union
Christians," by
Amos
Library," October, 1911.
R.
Wells,
lished
pub-
PROSPECT
How
Ques.
"
How
"
added
Ans.
Ques.
"
Ques.
"
"
"
"
"
denominations
Baptist
many
splitin
two.
denominations
exist
States?
Lutheran?
many
How
Methodist?
many
How
"
What
is
reason
other
given
the
for
existence
denominations?
each
Then, each
valuable
185
Presbyterian?
many
perpetuates
struggles for
Ques.
Ans.
some
How
That
"
and
the
the
?
How
186
these
185
to
Twelve.
"
Ques.
Ans.
additions
Fifteen.
"
Ques.
of
other
Thirty-four.
"
Ques.
Ans.
there
Sixteen.
"
Ques.
Ans.
denominations
new
list?
Were
United
Ans.
the
Yes;
"
Ans.
wholly
many
to
denominations
in the
other
Forty-eight.
"
Ans.
with
merged
were
many
231
Four.
"
Ques.
were
RETROSPECT
?
denominations
Ans.
AND
a
valuable
ciple
prin-
its acceptance.
denomination
at
present lacks
principles possessed respectivelyby
denominations?
M-a-y-b-e.
Ques. Any other reason?
minds
Ans.
That
varying types of human
and
naturally require different types of creed
and
of church
forms
worship.
government
186 different types of
Ques. Then, there are
"
"
"
"
human
minds?
HOW
232
TO
Ans.
It
"
Ques.
into
Ans.
this
that
Joint
Commission
Faith
and
the
for
the
glory
us
all
the
Amen."
thy
do
join
not
we
the
by
Conference
on
loyalty
from
thee
thy
holy
thy
Give
us
as
Spirit,
thou,
are
O
one
thy
truth,
and
which
with
world
an
seek
thy
us
in
is
and
peace
to
break
unity
only
thy
Unite
thy Kingdom.
Father,
God,
tence
peni-
Suffer
name.
the
boldness
of
advancement
us
shall
endeavor,
will, for
of
unity
prejudice,
and
any
know
which
pride
to
the
draw
to
Give
to
love
blessing
striving
in
Jesus
salvation
heavenly
peace.
wisdom
the
for
are
of
Son
thy
other,
will,
of
barriers
the
who
bond
thy
Church.
Holy
Christians
and
each
to
the
with
in
all
faith
grace
people
and
shrink
and
may
through
one
divisions,
unswerving
thy
who
forth
in
to
accordance
all,
World
the
peace,
and
our
courage
of
for
send
Spirit
to
suggested
thee,
to
not
of
Christian
all
down
word
set
mankind,
nearer
things?
devil.
for
of
didst
iipon
forces
Order?
God
Christ
of
final
prayer
**0
the
"
Christian
our
good
a
camps
the
as
of
division
for
Yes
"
so.
seem
sundered
And
in
Is
"
186
would
UNION
CHRISTIAN
PROMOTE
Son
without
and
end.
Bibliography
1. ^The
R. F. Horton
Early Churclr
(Hodder " Stoughton).
2. "The
Union""
S.
A.
Morton
to
Way
(Briggs).
3. "The
Message of the Disciples for the
Union
of the Church"
Ainslie
(Revell).
4. "Historical
Documents
Advocating Christian
Union"
Young (Century Co.).
5. "Memoirs
of
Alexander
ardson
Campbell" Rich(The Standard
Publishing Company).
6. "Christian
Union"
Van
Dyke (Appleton).
7. "Church
Unity" Briggs (Scribners).
and
8. "Passing Protestantism
icism"
Coming CatholSmyth (Scribners).
Christian
Ecclesia"
Hort
9. "The
(Macmil"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
lan).
10. "The
Brown
for
Plan
Church
Union"
"
(Whittaker).
11. "That
"
Level
They
All
be One""
May
Wells
(Funk
Wagnalls).
12.
"History of the Disciples" Tyler (Christian
Literature
Co.).
"
13. "Church
Publication
14.
Vedder
History"
"
(American
Society).
"Mysticism
in
Christianity" Fleming
"
15. "The
Church"
"
Organization of the
Hatch
(Rivingtons).
16. "The
tist
Bap-
Peace
of
the
(Scribners).
THE
END.
235
Church"
vell).
(Re-
Early Christian
"
Huntingdon