1. business and industrial

SF
487
P4
;opy
1
i
\ow To Raise
Practical Book
ONPERKINS
HOW
TO
RAISE
PROFITABLE
POULTRY
"y
G
MIDLAND
N.
PERKINS
PARK,
N.
J.
"CI.A343551
t
COPYRIGHT
In
the
1913.
United
States
ALL
RIGHTS
and
RESERVED.
Great
Britain.
CONTENTS
Chapter
1.
The
Occupation.
2.
The
Man
General
the
3.
Choosing
4.
The
Location
5.
The
Start"
6.
Hatching
7.
Brooding.
8.
Feeding
10.
11.
and
the
the
13.
Marketing
14.
Selecting
15.
How
to
get
16.
How
to
Insure
20.
A
Get
a
Formulas.
Eggs.
Balanced
Rations.
and
Products
Fertile
Poultry
Grow
of
the
Mating
and
and
of
Yield
Egg
Maximum
Poultry
Prevention
Word
Diarrhoea.
White
"
Complete
"
for
Formulas.
"
How
to
Stock
Formulas
12.
How
and
Mortality
Young
Feeding
to
Schedule
Chick
Complete
19.
Made.
Chicks
Daily
Scientific
"Free"
How
Coops.
Chicks.
Prevent
Growing
18.
and
the
"
to
The
of
Construction
When
the
How
17.
Success.
Breed.
Complete
9.
for
Requisites
"
Assist
Breeders.
Hatchable
an
Foods.
Encouragement.
Top-Notch
at
Disease.
Sprouted
in
Oats.
Eggs.
Early
Molt.
Winter.
Prices.
CHAPTER
OCCUPATION.
THE
those
All
who
three
under
in
would
or
all
these
the
the
of
third
remunerative.
by
few
do
add
desire
them.
of
but
of
care
few
a
the
others
aide
a
to
hobby,
keeping
recreation
It
for
makes
supply,
little
methods
who
are
like
unable
it
to
in
be
would
men."
the
pay
space
themselves
miniature
a
have
to
and
the
Hence,
some
poultry
great
a
the
and
gel
to
out
the
that
to
viate
allevalids
In-
da
in
work
Hi
some
As
strength.
their
ing
pleas-
of
satisfaction
asked.
well
a--
plant
If
as
spring"
that
purchased,
into
the
to
raise
coops
existence.
by
are
an
"
means
but
have
to
made
are
is
prices
persons
come
economical,
profits
are
such
quickly
ing
increas-
moderate
products,
poultry
over
the
high
of
persons
table
demand
operators,
result"
the
they
of
prices
high
present
excess
an
cold-storage
their
various
fowls
by
many
yard,
feasible,
afford
exercise
the
whether
e
great
prices
their
will
found
all
double
to
who
physical,"
have
for
that
industry
to
overtaxing
cause,
on
the
save
the
other
are
it
have
unable
are
confined
caused
are
of
any
There
would
available
that
or
obliged
who
sufficient
the
not
poultry
day
well
profit
occupation.
products
population
actuality.
without
differeni
no
or
ones
incurred,
mental
incapacitated
affords
healthful
food
the
or
poultry
chickens
and
general
may
for
care
the
the
being
of
be
are
all
who
them
give
feeling
who
the
(he
expenses
from
during
will
depressed
and
are
chickens
no
The
sufficiently
of
recreation
in
Persons
two
or
or
here.
usually
who
and
find
change
labor.
lure
the
ministers,
and
are
the
actual
for
strain,
who
and
the
for
pay
and
hour
an
feel
chickens
lawyers,
outdoor
to
men
to
not
"hobby"
some
work
indoor
doors
of
up
to
little
discussed
are
by
made
long-looked-
failures.
of
keeping
returns
be
not
flamed
in-
are
been
with
made
be
to
ter
en-
time,
same
the
is
misapprehension
this
recreation,
necessary
from
it,"
to
who
have
are
tired
are
desire
persons
business
will
goods
from
mental
in
there
the
at
that
profits
poultry
the
who
supply
to
who
and,
some
are
professional
Physicians,
deal
congenial
persons
list
many
take
to
of
world's
the
on
that
under
derived
depend
there
exaggerated
the
to
are
be
may
that
"millions
start
this
with
true
class
only
There
lixed
with
this
who
that
be
think
who
but
will
fowls
persons
for
prices
Then
life, and
city
and
that
of
reports
industry
effort,
is
It
and
w,
grind,
of
sification
clas-
second
high
consumption.
legion
the
all
desire
they
The
sufficient
ates
actu-
tion
clarifica-
because
paying
keep
to
table
own
business
occupation
some
for
their
of
that
first
"'hobby."
tired
desire
heading,
ordinary
their
are
and
eggs
for
products
under
who
The
chickens
keep
termed
those
and
meat
be
principal
classed
be
may
motive
chickens.
of
who
business
the
to
care
those
may
includes
poultry,
the
up
this
poultry
the
according
taking
include
recreation;
in
engage
headings,
them
I.
who
some
conclusion
chickens
the
built
dle
"mid-
and
keen
competition
who
world, the man
an
high order, or
exceptionally
is not
expert,
specialist
a
in a
His
big wheel.
individuality is almost
merely
becomes
a
cog
his daily work
and
to
if, for any
He
reason,
entirely lost.
goes
with
the
he
either
increasing
demands,
he
is unable
keep
to
up
his place.
takes
another
and
is dropped,
immediately
out
or
drops
that
can
with
one
keep
struggle
It is only
ever-increasing
up
an
life.
of business
a
man
with
tl
Many
ating daily "grind"
little easier, but
when
he can
take
ally
usuthings
a
longs for the time
the
Under
id
get
where
such
times
all
he
business
is
willing
to
tin's business
it.
living in poultry.
time
give the same
would
he
which
a
.Man.
And
well
There
is
and
devote
it
four
brick
by
in
life!"
will
afford
will
allow
than
a
brains
line
other
the
up
business
as
natural
details
in
the
to
poultry
one
to
brawn
make
success
a
that
Chickens
will
themselves
much
"How
are
those
by
so
profit can
net
different
many
it is impossible
that
cared
with
the
lie derived
that
matters
to
little
and
well
familiar
not
are
about
lay
state
trol
con-
exact
any
profit. The
exactly the same
care.
of
birds,
of
the
the
marketing
housing,
quality
the
the
the
of
products,
amount
to
plant,
help necessary
operate
in hatching
and
these,
raising the chicks, the sale of stock, etc.
innumerable
make.
all
the
other
profit one
can
things,
govern
feed,
No
flocks
two
will
attention,
the
success
return
and
"
and
When
develops
one
''fancier's"
fever,
will
net
profits.
the
matter
ing
eggs,
has
been
A-
it
from
a
is very
flock
iewpoint
inviting.
under
free,
-lie's
iron:
the
pure
The
exercise
blue
skies,
air, will
veins;
it
it will
make
who
love
up
at
of
fowls,
of
exhibition
of
or
birds,
gets
the
the
net
The
sale of
hatching
rapidity.
of
those
in
advance
prices considerably
will
also enlarge the
receipts and
course,
said,
there
difficult
of
hens.
of
health,
the
expanding
rich,
develop
a
sicl"
nature,
the
red
good
man
are
so
state
to
takes,
one
make
will
strain
strain
a
remarkable
with
ild chicks,
that
realized
heavy-laying
a
builds
and
increase
a
i
is:
business
There
year?"
of
profit made
a
amount
amount.
be
propounded
question
of
hen
him
living, if
that
to
care
neglected or
expected
are
in a year
to
they consume,
enough
only for the food
pay
eggs
fowls
But
that are
from
them.
be
net
profit can
expected
the
investment.
for will always
dividend
handsome
on
a
pay
the
fair
a
the
and
to
whole.
a
for
inner
ing
long-
casts
one
is at
It
of
day
a
make
to
go
The
of
beauties
may.
and
any
drive
such,
To
more
energy
to
and
those
who
to
get a
specialists, and
expect
this
business
specialize
the poultry
must
as
living, from
a
minor
the
tails
deand
necessitates
application to
study, care,
This
that
to
"
that
and
"
be
strongly.
very
that
well
as
work.
time
a
live
We
at
independent
appeals
There
of
getting
is
lewhat
the
could
the
that
all)
only
if I
peaceable
and
and
rush
in
enjoy
and
(and
glances
is
pure
to
the
in
hurry
the
Oh,
hemmed
lie
air
sensible
of
have
not
live
who
tired
life.
business
not
breathe
an
those
so
innumerable
times
are
ordinary,
to
frequently
they come
about
him
for
an
occupation
live
and
nature,
"I'm
would
I
would
J
could
1
of
where
where
moment;
There
particularly
way:
excitement
somewhere,
away
every
wall-:
this
the
and
mercantile
off.
(and
man
soliloquize in
nervous
the
far
seems
business
every
ill
a
in
apparent
of an
opportunity
this
when
methods,
business
present
is everywhere
lhat
things
many
any
exacl
ami.
entering
nut
that
into
may
is particularly
poultry business
fowls,
caring for the
outdoors,
lungs and
breathing in God's
own
flow
blood
to
vigorously
through
the
in
muscle
health}
and
and
poultry business
a
build
well
affords
a
man
an
of
constitution
healthier.
excellent
To
opp
u
tunity
to
from
the
Though
that
this
lie
quite
would
"man"
term
is used
both
includes
untrue,
well
to
appreciate
warm,
(ill
chance
and
to
see
her
enjoj
beauties.
this book,
in
should
it
to
genders.
that
say
stood
under-
be
feminine
and
unjust,
as
and
excellent
masculine
the
as
and
cold
on
an
has
one
viewpoints
unsurpassed
and
phases
sunshine,
and
and
days,
different
many
changing
air
open
unpleasant
and
Nature
many
the
into
get
pleasant
only
It
men
are
numberless
women
cessfully
sucbusiness, for there
are
of
the aid
this industry, both
and
without
with
carrying
on
and
the fore
do not
to
It is hard
to
women
explain why
men.
come
which
claim
the important
titled,
ento
they are
place in the poultry world
unless
in their modesty,
it is because,
they hide their light under
Generally,
basket.
do not
women
figure prominently in the business
a
side of the poultry plant, though
quite capable of tin-, too;
are
many
of
chances
in their
with,
of, and
but they far excel
men
care
success
"seldom
chickens.
has
in a woman,"
Some
said
that
one
patience is
with
live stock
told, in displaying this virtue
but if the truth were
(and
stock,
have
"beaten
in particular), women
men
us
poor
young
engaged
poultry
the
in
frazzle."
in
Alan
necessities
small
"bigness"
his
will
that
does
much
add
not
to
little
the
see
comfort
the
of
need-
ami
-lock,
young
the
things instantly. And
possessing
perceive such
them,
do
with
will
"fuss"
the
women
to
indispensable patience
many
the
that will
little things
rougher
help the little chicks
over
placesin
this source
their live-, thereinlargely decreasing the great loss from
and
of
chicks
this care
love
and
increasing the chances
living. And
yet
for
will
woman
a
little "tender
the
attention
the
to
than
shown
quickly
as
fowls
grown
indispensable
the
puff-balls grows
game'
tiring of the
of
on
man,
a
when
as
helpmate of man.
the poultry plant.
they
in
and
MAN:
The
would
question
like
business,
There
and
is
it
little
a
is sifted
mind,
his
that
is
and
line."There
mercantile
manv
energy
just
as
as
in
from.
have
only
energy,
which
the
in
and
success
to
that
it is
ma
the
with
man.
judgment,
good
etc..
etc..
is built.
idea
that
"anybody
needs
poultry business
is necessary
all, when
After
it: but
the
make
to
or,
business
a
this
to
concisely,
MAX":
YOU'"
on
it?'
from
answer
succeed
can
keep
just
as
in
any
chickens."
much
brains,
commercial
or
deal
to
with, just
just as serious
problems
contend
much
trials, disappointments,
etc..
to
with, just as
and
and
push needed,
good judgment
just as much
necessary,
and
much
honesty
principle to be used in the poultry business
other
any
business
and
the
as
THE
on
and
chicken
the
living
a
entirely and
it isn't
engaged
in
start
definite
a
once,
man
mistaken
etc.,
at
finds
one
on
into
goes
sagacity,
business
:
will-power,
greatly
a
who
man
matter
to
making
my
giving
all depends
"It all depends
the
of
or
of
of
capital,
$1,000
have
"1
"It
down,
foundation
the
is
It
The
as
itself
of
whole
given:
pointed
more
everything
success
be
chances
SUCCESS.
FOR
sufficient
be
possibility
the
cover
asked:
would
the
are
little
is
clearly
more
II.
frequently
if this
what
very
inquiry. To
reply might
is
know
to
much
as
Woman
place is this
no
REQUISITES
GENERAL
give
smaller.
were
instead
and
grow,
will
woman
a
CHAPTER
THE
chicks
the
as
as
"for
any
People
tried
about
may
one
are
kind
of
old
sort
wdio
have
succeed
in
one
business.
^"i
a
made
in
the
hundred.
a
isn't, by
It
person
to
failure
poultry
go
in
almost
business,
means,
any
into
and
get
a
an
everything
but
their
catch-all
easy
living
els
chances
are
of animals
love
is an
innate
prime requisite of the poultryman
in
his fowls
chickens
who
loves
man
general and
particular. The
is
will do
in his power
their
add
comfort,
he
to
and
to
everything
them
for
his
difference
in
There
is all the
justly rewarded
pains.
by
A
in
tlie world
between
that
senilis
and
permit
is said
r\
love
care
well
are
his
his
suffer
birds
his
lie
his
mirror
fowls
fowls
it reflects
"
love
a
these
two
in
the
of
caring
for
out
of
to
hi
and
of
frequently goes
combine
excellently
is largely
the
fowls
solid
much
in
up"
"penned
office
an
in
satisfaction
accomplish
anything
list
of
the
busini
this
business,
going
leading
poultrymen
with
It
its
"plodder"
of
fining
way
and
then
and
time
different
in
than
the
who
man
for
great
a
the
over
eve
have
in
been
and
of
outs
A
steadybut
by his slow
like a Trojan
for
The
busipoultry
branches.
long
the
find
poultry,
needs
ins
the
and
phases
more
nothing
learn
to
dislike
will
with
your
all
that
note
work
who
work
one
Cast
life,
The
those
business
With
outdoor
outside
work
will
truly his
do.
or
and
indoor
lect)
neg-
man's
A
more
say
tliem,
by
his.
business.
doors,
poultry
takes
many
things
chicken
to
you
accomplish
will
sure
and
ears.
may
stick-to-itiveness.
and
severance
and
Nature
dislike
able
the
in
he
of
who
or
beiii"
better
else
(even
of
fault
any
will
given
be
cruel
and
chickens
of
may
be
through
animals
a
that
cannot
for
cared
dock
Any
anything
than
well
and
attention
and
to
kept
themselves.
of
good
care
really loves
to
ward
"
that
the
who
man
a
fowls
take
to
reflect
quickly
and
have
run
works
longer
(some
365-day Job every
a
year
it takes
306!), and
the
to
disposition
stand
steady
a
pretty
pull,
and
the fittest
give way,
sure
though
some
progress,
in this
And
the poultry business
survive.
be
classed
with
respect
may
is the
all others:
"Eternal
vigilance
price of succes
is
not
does
of
one
minutes
a
hours
or
while.
hut
in place on
the poultry
plant; if fol"That's
failure.
good
positively insure
the
and
should
nol
slogans
"Oh, that'll do!"
poultryman
are
lie cl
f he wants
leaders.
the
It requires bright,
to
mg
make
tin
of any
business, and
lazy
to
up-to-date methods
a
success
in keeping
chickens.
will not
find his sinecure
man
thods
long
not
are
they
enough,
Pali'
d
necessity
actual
an
to
the
line
his
for
one
any
in general
poultry.
If
etition of
details, day after
small
cannot
day.
one
and
time
be
small
at
willing to work
duty
a
twice
think
before
that until
at
lished, be bad better
starting in
will
this same
have
further,
\nd.
to
be
probably
-mess.
duty
and
the
next
day, and
perhaps every
day throughout
of patience these
Without
infinite amount
the
recurring duties
an
year.
irksome
will then
and
be neglected, with
sad results.
Lest
lecome
let it he
remarks,
said that ordinarily
itened
by these
somt'oi
cpects
make
of
most
business
of
the
pursues
of
patience
.
it take-
But
day.
mIi
than
creatures
who
employer
larger bump
a
is
does
it
with
backed
The
to
the
obey
"Jack of all trades"
there
ipabilities. While
daily
the
u
by hiring
ha
can
ye;
c
just
outside
much
that
hamme
a
doll
aved
aid.
ami
to
"push
co"t
saw
a
of
paint
labor
even
board
brush."
ami
less.
this
It
and
will
preservation
If
certain
will
extent
things
profit at the
certain
are
the
of
net
one
handle
can
an
lire."
a
find
that
one
of
end
and
saw
a
and
experienced
joiner,
carpenter
to
by being able
accomplish
necessary
hire
is expensive
labor
build
to
to
coops,
being
m
many
labor,
a
demands
commands
and
after
day
the
respect
sharp
"hire
to
i
routine
same
to
the
to
power
business
an
drive
also
of
the
every
save
nail
many
building.
needed.
a
If
dollar,
These
and
one
both
other
can
in
the
sim-
ilar
while
capabilities,
not
the
business
success
making
a
will keep the
advantages,
expense
aid in swelling the profits.
from
essential
absolutely
so
of
if
CHOOSING
When
When
be
this
breed
be
matter
for
for
them,
only
source
plan
table,
is
thing
meant
the
over,
meal
for
year,
when
a
fowl
that
deal
of
bird's
be
from
will
ceived
re-
are
need
or
expense
an
a
make
To
of
for
home
sumption
con-
of
some
production.
egg
of
idea
and
thought
needs
the
or
time
valuable
a
that
breed
a
larging
en-
more
or
one
business
much
paratively
com-
a
choose
choosing
the
at
for
support
much
require
is
usually
also
ultimate
to
eggs
make
used
to
the
mistake
the
unavailable
be
to
prove
will
breed
best
size
sufficient
it is of
the
with
chickens
keep
respect
eggs
prolific
their
for
be
If
be
this
will
type
size.
of
to
can
fowl.
purpose
number
in
meat
that
for
eggs
fair
a
this
of
would
to
lay
ufneient
noted
and
general
a
usefulness
it
yet
of
care.
will
on
the
po
are
choosing
the
great
later
that
a
as
consideration
meat
get
to
will
primarily,
plant until
the
that
fair
is starting
one
fowls
of
that
lighter breeds
is
be
and
desired
are
persons,
supply
Birds
family.
home
consumption
average
for
broilers
early date
If
to
the
kept
get
individual
the
no
will
view.
will
returns
else,
birds
fowls
of
and
an
produce
the
all
be
to
one
monetary
to
considered
be
to
breed
a
have
to
a
of
fancy
the
whether
keeping
of
case
main
the
By this
during
secondary
are
of
matter
first thing
are
that
the
the
to
fowls
amusement
As
choose.
to
the
If
suits
that
breed
the
object in
large extent,
exact
indicate,
also
and
is the
revenue.
the
In
the
materially
chickens,
keep
to
what
kept.
be
pleasure
the
this
the
of
is to
breed
under
given
it will
settled,
thai
and
the
be
is
fowls
of
hobby
caring
done
thereby
BREED
THE
definitely decided
is to decide
just
has
one
should
one
such
possess
III.
CHAPTER
thai
prevent
not
and
down
account
to
as
does
he
and
any
the loss of
market, will mean
is also very
another
breed
expensive
from
to
one
change
the beginner, without
for
hard
It is, of course,
troublesome.
very
would
he
lies)
breed
to
just what
previous experience, to know
suit
future
money.
and
the
of
demands
To
will
that
the
There
are
breeds
of
Certain
of
if
for
one
be
market
be
the
of
are,
the
certain
however,
careful
the
of
the
classed,
broiler
business
business
follows
others
and
are
still other
ditions
con-
he
route
must
circumstances.
poultry
as
fundamental
the
thinker
existing
under
producers;
purposes,
into
branch
best
may
egg
are
to
branches
poultry
going
is
principal
will
three
breeds
meat
disclose
what
and
follow,
There
conditions.
:
for
better
breeds
broilers.
meat,
the production
should
it is
business.
When
followed
is the
all
which
under
Eggs,
chosen
be
said
production
that
of
the
eggs,
of
the
sale
meat
or
preclude absolutely the production
of
that it is this particular branch
the
broilers.
It simply indicates
of
of secondary
and
the other
things
is featured,
are
that
sideration.
conbusiness
business.
idea applies to all the branches
of the
This
same
this
does
The
not
principal thing that should
govern
previous experience in the matter
no
have
had
The
demands
preponderance
far
easier
of
the
market
over
all else.
than
if other
to
which
This
things
will
are
one
make
given
the
decision
is the
will
the
cater
of
market
should
disposal
preference,
those
who
conditions.
of
for
be
given
the
ucts
prod-
instance,
if
is
one
near
markel
n
be
it would
them,
the
where
And
realized
of
would
be
business
If,
much.
very
will
prices
production
is quiti
with
and
Tt
markets,
demand
of
products
business,
the
the
rieties which
regardless
year,
that
of
irther
This
disclose
may
certain
weii
a
five cents
of
premium
a
Boston
!
nts?
jusl
means
added
Tn
the
twenty-eighl
before
:it
Secondarily,
of
choice
the
is
weight
greater
thai there
are
profit side
in
breed
eed
wall
hen
ceived
re-
ledger.
will
cases
many
prevent
will
he
of
poultry as possible. Numerous
in an
unbiased
fully describe,
way,
hooks
gain
to
much
as
of
From
such
formed.
ibis
At
point
I
to
and
and
thi
and
all the
In
glamour
rst
who
give
a
i
mi
r"
with
into
taking
"
and
decision
in
of
the
preference
for
the
success
novice
in
to
to
go
them
one
business
the
bias
which
Tell
matter.
which
quickly
might
practical experience
excitement
or
breeds.
different
will
of
on
breeds
well-known
sufficiently long
the
it
wdten
easilj procured
he
can
of
chances
various
merits
well
sufficient
had
have
proper
be
or
to
their
to
enable
your
tastes
market,
unbiased
for an
in the matter,
and
ask
ion.
opinaces
will
be
ment.
glad to give his best judgoultryman
Then
he
articular
breed
keeps.
by combining
from
the advice
received
practical poultryman,
a
m
pn
been
have
his
the
decided
be
achieved
he
than
finally deciding
before
base
the
a
it would
who
poultrymen
opinion,
least
at
the
things
lacking.
beginner,
the
of
which
upon
will
success
demands
"hher
preferences
and
is
it
suiting
to
choose
to
greater
tastes
is
After
com,
breed
be
never
fulfil the
will
pref-
1"\ the
should
market.
the
that
that
that
one's
interest
object
lie the
however,
of
best
true
suits
keen
variety
or
the
be
knowledge
failure,
and
the
of
governed
breeds
of
undoubtedly
which
ft should
one's
in
made
demands
the
number
a
breed
them
where
by
preference,
particular breed
the
it is
have
hundred
breed
the
This
than
lividual
a
of
individual.
the
market,
is
are
starl
a
But
;'gs per
''"liars
extra
faih
ultimate
found
on
little things
These
i-d.
dozen
the
to
ounces
eggs.
Some-
thai
will
breed
paid
York
New
notice."
to
be
premium
the
preferred.
fifteen
fifteen
of
should
white-shelled
is
egg
number
a
of
a
As
pounds.
same
is
for
fall
in
be
rather
weight it would
lays nineteen-oun
to
lay eggs
weighing
twenty-four
the
about
quanti
same
whal
in (lie long run.
and
count
breed
a
p
another
paid
he
other
eggs
market
case
small
sold
re
when
is
out
the
to
1
do/en.
the
Too
shell
that
ept,
foolish
In
brown-shelled
the
"Whal
:
dozen
a
there
that
fact
all
of
six
the
which
naturally
or
the
down
for
would
of
local
the
to
than
number
demands
the
of
market
eggs
weighs three
about
produce
Is which
I into
the
breed
a
latter
is narrowed
fowl
(lie
i
preferences
maximum
a
be
can
the
ammunition.
breed
a
eating
choice
produce
to
the
finds
for
than
greater
follow
are
one's
of
prices for
principally
broilers
eggs,
choice
one
demand
iter
among
the
instance,
for
c;
eating
wasting
enormous
an
remunerative
produce
to
ascertain
to
matter
tin's in mind
consume
can
pay
broilers
for
the
the
of
judgment
poor
very
and
will
and
eggs,
and
from
branch
demands
that
Lrictly fresh
have
formed;
all local
consideration
i
tor
an)
lo
of
the
demands
of
your
it should
conditions,
decide
definitely on
be
the
a
paratively
com-
breed
HAPTER
(
LOCATION
THE
AND
IV.
CONSTRUCTION
THE
OF
COOPS.
When
be
plan
ahead
is
item
which
or
orders
in
should
consideration
plant. If the beginner
later
perhaps much
worry
of
the
and
his coops
definitely where
are
should
be clearly decided
before
located.
be
to
stock
any
would
on,
he
This
is bought
placed.
asked
how
big
a
for
coop
work
practical poultryman,
A
when
careful
poultry much
location
considerable
would
one
of the
matter
himself
save
keeping
starts
one
given the
six
he
he
coop
months
had
the
"mistakes," and
which
it was
designed.
With
small
when
around
coops
achieved
has
considerable
incorporate so
recently built, replied
before
no
who
able
was
I drove
building
there
it is desired
nail!"
a
In
is well-nigh
is not
many
:
there
consequence,
perfect
deal
great
a
make
success.
tails
satisfactory de"I was
building that
to
of
for
labor
the
shift
to
are
for
use
them
take
not
into
change, but why
account
and
possibilities
as
contingencies
one
as
can
beforehand,
many
rather
than
leave
it all to experiment
to
"chance"?
It may
be a
or
decidedly costly experience to find a lot of chicks
drowned
some
day
after
little study of the
situation
a
a
heavy rain, when
would
have
disclosed
the fact that the brooder
being placed in a hollow.
was
coop
to
a
Location.
Of
the ground
that is available
will control
the situation
the size or number
of coops.
But
whether
perhaps even
little ground
much
be
should
or
had, one
plan along a definite
may
line
both
is mope
tive
indicaliterally and figuratively speaking.
Nothing
of a person's disposition than
his poultry plant.
is lazy,
If one
shiftless, careless, or
his place.
slovenly, it will show
at
on
If,
once
the contrary,
attention
in a perto
on
details, neatness,
care,
etc., are
son's
these
traits will also
make
makeup,
their appearance
in a wellThe
will all be laid out
kept, clean
poultry place.
in line and
coops
harmonious
in their entirety. As
the flock is enlarged, and
new
coops
added,
they will be so placed as to conform
the general scheme
are
to
of the place. Such
a
poultry plant is as much
a
pleasure to look at as
it is satisfying to the one
who
it.
planned
course,
somewhat
and
"
One
of the most
elements
of
important
entering into the location
from
the ground
plant, aside
available, is the character
of the soil.
be
had
Sandy
for poultry, as
or
it
gravelly soil is the best that can
the droppings
absorbs
quickly, allows the rain to filter away
rapidly,
a
and
will
remain
be
and
of
sweet
then
After
than
longer
clay
introducing sand,
to
it
nature,
a
the
character
of
the
grading.
The
ashes,
heavier
a
he
can
the
or
soil.
lightened
Where
a
soil is inclined
by first loosening
it
like.
is
should
look
determined,
one
general level of the plant the
in any
the coops
should
better, but
be placed on
lownever
case
very
The
in the immediate
ground, or in a hollow.
ground
vicinity of each
be
should
raised, if necessary,
by filling in, and then graded off
coop
in all directions.
Ground
which
slopes one
preferably to the
way,
south
makes
which
or
a
east,
satisfactory place on
to
keep poultry,
sharply
but
care
to
should
be
used
not
the
soil
higher
to
set
a
11
the
coop
where
it may
be
in the
direct
of
course
well
that
water
prevent
fate.
aftei
sudden
a
perhaps
By looking
downpour.
locating the coops,
from
saving his chickens
before
points
important
dampness,
will
one
ofl
runs
these
int-
even
in winter
sunshine
the coops,
enter
important to have as much
and
is
Sunshine
of
the
purifiers
one
greatest
especially, as possihle.
service,
produces a
this valuable
known,
disinfectants
and, aside from
Coops
and
to
appreciated by laying hens.
so
warmth
so
necessar}
h
is
southern
with
enjoy
can
a
and
if the
sun
bath
will receive
exposure
glass in the
coop
the
pari
greater
laying out a new
poultry plant
is, the entire
accessibility. Thai
In
of
attendant
the
southeastern
or
sunshine,
of
gel
can
smallest
the
with
mI
each
to
into
take
in
every
of
walking
amount
amount
consideration
should
flock
house
ami
maximum
a
properly placed the chickens
of every
pleasant day.
is
the
he
housed
the
least
possible.
ter
mat-
that
so
space
is not
This
of
a
rain storm
wand
comes
or
proposition. Some
day when
a
itt a jiffy," if one's
he
made
and
must
"snug
coops
things
suddenly,
up
lack
l'n
the contrary,
serious
he averted.
loss
easily reached,
are
may
of a protracted spell oi
fostered
he
of attention
by a combination
may
inaccessible
and
rainy weather
coops.
given
coops
by locating the
The
heavy
near
coops
beneath
or
advent
should
rams
lie
accompl
he
side"
"lee
of
a
tr"
stock
of
young
allowed
been
has
space
as
barn,
or
will
circumstances
and
driving
permit. This can
the
shrubbery, on
winds
high
from
protection
much
the
for
maj
the
bring with
and
brooding
it the
discovery
raising of
thai
the
no
chicks.
the
sometimes
oi
necessitates
short-sightedness
rearrangement
chicks
entire
hundred
While
be
the
plant.
fifty or
a
practically
may
first
the
week
small
in
or
they
comparatively
two,
a
kept
grow
space
be provided,
need
These
larger
must
soon
rapidly and
quarters.
very
who
has
far enough
is he
indeed,
and
to
fortunate,
planned ahead
of his flock.
make
for the natural
allowances
expanding
This
consideration
A
which
some
thieves.
protection from
subject to depredations from
the
case,
each
one
located
practically
that
others.
are
more
such
Where
against
to
it
of
part
other
ways
every
is that
account
localities
in
is
full
view
tions,
condihe
the
all
is
While
loss.
so
time.
he
fully prepared to give any
Where
reception."
possible it will be
"perfectly good
to have
bright light, either burning all night
a
advantageous
very
be
flashed
time
illuminate
the
to
at
on
arranged that it can
any
Then
should
one
marauders
found
so
or
than
pests
into
some
guard
according to his local
the
important:
plant should
is
feature
general
one
these
take
to
that
seems
full precautions
do
to
judge what
best
can
person
It
take
should
have
may
of
various
in
a
entire
of
detection
making
thus
place,
thief
a
comparatively
a
easj
matter.
Construction
The
size
amount
the
of
amount
to
build
than
to
build
a
it
i"
square
about
each
to
of
the
capital
of
a
a
would
number
that
loan,
cost
forty-three
would
he
one
the
to
put
available.
A
Style.
and
will
number,
into
long
the
depend,
less
Thus,
house.
continuous
t""
build
than
the
long, though
same.
12
one
that
square
house
It
is six
feet
of
second,
costs
is also
square
that
house
a
first,on
and,
business,
of
smaller,
coops.
separate
in
is approximately
or
square,
narrow
feet
the
and
decides
ground
house
build
coops,
Size
"
floor
on
less
cheaper
units,
is sixteen
feet
the
wide
surface
than
feet
and
in
in them.
constantly going on
"open-air fronts."
open
which
the
the
of
making'
curtain
a
the
The
is
about
a
feel
windows
The
building
back
should
in
the
it in
collects
the
the
sash
glass
surface
ten
the
feet
the
front
of
feet
square
of
amount
muslin
the
floor
of
would
Glass
radiates
Either
The
sunshine
eight
former
heat
by
a
ten
nine
or
six
for
rapidly
as
one
sixteen
every
Care
it will
or
be
it
as
is a
by eleven
nine-light single
and
placed, about
thest
far-
months.
coop,
night
at
in
come
properly
in
of
front
reach
to
winter
windows
many
high in the
as
will
allowed
be
to
should
too
daytime.
may
in
placed
muslin
be placed
permit the
especially during the
put
night.
ize light to use.
With
the
windows
muslin
of
This
to
at
circulation
to
feet.
coops
coop,
not
particularly
cold,
f" air
of
taken
be
ten
bv
and
but
through
muslin
The
by twelve
pen
sufficient
creates
moisture
of
foot
possible,
as
in
proportion
square
one
"r
the
assist
to
This
so-called
open,
purify the air,
the
openings remain
winter.
During
nights
excessively cold
unbleached
muslin
be drooped
in
may
while
warm
keeping the fouls
they are
and
usual
three
nit
usually admitted
through
building is not entirely
with
covered
cheap muslin,
are
cheap
or
roosts
inactive.
coop
the
draughts.
summer
burlap
of
of
front
sizes
direct
any
throughout
same
is
of
air gently si its in and
out.
inside
the coop
to
remove
air
without
Air
front
varying
of
spaces
The
of
foot
square
feet
square
floor
of
area.
Inside
number
The
si/e
the
of
the
pen
the
for
caring
thirty
for
care
in the
former
perches
two-inch
perches
To
the
'Imarilv
ards.
in
to
pen
from
the
fifteen
inches
lie
the
"m
termed,
should
platforms
I
birds
and
The
way.
this
the
perches.
["he
ten
inches
front
fowls
to
walk
on
will
usually produce
will
edge
of
when
of
the
for
the
as
size
only about
he
SAME
sticks, well
with
pieces,
top edges of the perches should
of
linear
inches
perch room,
cording
ac-
other
each
of
twelve
for
necessary
bird.
the
inches
the
The
will
fowls
between
heavier
birds.
LEVEL.
a
This
farthest
platform
sary
neces-
number
he built under
the
platform should
hoards
platform, or dropping
as
lie tightlj constructed
of matched
or
ship
and
of
perches
are
usually put at the rear
also
ts
in
two
need
sanitary,
droppings.
the
The
draughts,
will
be
smaller
by two-inch
by three-inch
one
two
or
each
to
house
catch
the
close
as
should
keep
either
eight
to
accommodate
would
the
fowl, is usually allowed
lie
while
rch,
All
six
lighter breeds
The
permit.
of
sagging,
The
si
should
-
\.bou1
flocks
in
about
flocks, however.
large
made
kept in each
necessitated
will
labor
than
pen
larger
accommodate
square
more
small
in
labor
will
feet
no
latter
kept
uppermost.
off.
the
to
the
in
prevent
to
side
rounded
be
he
maj
crosswise
in
kept
when
sixteen
The
lie
can
of
square
Practically
Chickens
pen.
feet
pen
fowls
amount
the
upon
housed.
be
to
of
number
ten
a
fowls
greater
pen
birds
the
than
eggs
The
the
A
birds.
hundred
one
to
the
pen
thirty-five birds;
to
about
the
birds.
the
of
proportionate
greater
size, will depend
their
and
separate
pens,
the number
or
smaller
The
pen.
of
house
Fittinos.
from
places
the
front
the
of
where
roosts
the
building,
they will
be
free
least
should
to
be
inches
about
below
eight or ten
cleaning, without
moving
permit of easy
the dropping
boards
should
extend
about
first
going
to
perch,
a
14
so
desired
as
i
"
"
place
afford
on
a
room
perch.
for
the
When
be taken
should
not
building dropping boards, care
to make
will make
of the droppings
moisture
the boards
tight. The
if the boards
tight there is no
are
swell, and
plaj at all they will
so
buckle
and
not
but will be very
only present
a
up
very
poor
appearance
clean
hard
to
thoroughly.
them
too
it is
Where
movable
idea
also
roosts
be
lower
to
Not
fowls.
the
in
distance
the
the
to
fowls
will
roof
have
be
the
take
to
remaining
by the
the
to
lower
less
are
roosts
for
that
winter
lower
the
some
noticed
be
in
the
into
chance
they
roosts;
will
daytime,
far
when
it will
choice,
while
crowded,
than
the
in
has
the
closer
hotter
warm
fowls
roof
the
The
roof
be
excellent
an
winter, the
the
warm
off
close
content
are
sun
should
It is
warm.
in
as
it, this
thrown
are
the
If
they
nearest
air
roosts
away.
summer
the
the
under
mites.
gets
well
as
does
bodily heat
the
when
escape
summer
boards
droppingand
weather
tin'
as
in
only
heats
turn
night, but
them
roof,
the
to
are
which
and
possible the roosts
the righting of lice
facilitate
to
in
those
almosl
are
empty.
The
floor,
be
the
the
placed under
dropping
boards, above
side of
the
at
but
specially built platform
one
;
coop
be
that
should
be
be so
stationary. They
never
the" can
and
and
cleaned.
out
Stationary
thoroughly
frequently
for
lice and
fine hiding-place
mites.
It is an
excellent
a
have
cleaned
the nests
been
be done
about
(which should
nests
or
they should
easily taken
nests
mean
thing,
after
twice
box
smoke
be
can
and
box,
burn
to
month),
right over
a
nest
may
a
on
made
to
it is "sure
old
the
the
nesting
permeate
death"
available
fowls.
given the
can
be
be
from
to
individual
each
of
liberty
hens,
the
fences
The
little chicks,
over
life
the
with
ground
by
the
ground
which
It
fence
as
the
a
feet
high
is sufficient
will
least
in
see
for
the
to
these
to
wire,
to
in
fly
any
lighter breeds.
15
solid
get
up
of
along
on
the
the
them.
heavy
into
baseboard
of
inches
into
on
prevent
from
under
not
serve
pre-
go
foundation
also
will
and
boards
put
and
pen
and
To
they
up.
lock,
hem-
or
ground
three
or
For
fence.
where
paint them
tar
cheap
paint. A
the
struction.
con-
feet
two
to
enough
deep
the
of
of
chestnut
six-foot
a
The
fowls.
first
of
will
there
cost
grown
the
posts
that
birds.
the
restriction
the
for
feet
two
the
of
mistake
enough
nesting
yards
danger
of
proportionate
sustain
will
less
be
wire
mesh
it is well
edge
holes
decided
fowls
is usually
the
placed about
apart,
lower
the
is
will
greater
is necessary,
at
by four-inch
posts
scratching
from
another.
posts,
and
nail
to
fowls
and
the
or
runs
droppings
a
heavy coating of
two
(cheap) boards, placed about
will
the
nailed
to
a
give
posts,
six-inch
one
the
yard
the
greater
of
amount
two
feet
these
of
the
soil by
two-inch
of
mesh
rough,
the
the
the
purposes,
twelve
the
larger
yard
be
one-inch
finished
much
The
and
can
all ordinary
For
govern
the
of
the
dense
a
Yards.
and
will
of
contamination
smaller
six
space
crack
and
putting
by
moments,
all vermin.
Fences
The
few
a
corner
every
and
material
for
material
burning
the
one
run
to
tops
of
the
A
five- foot
breeds,
and
V.
CHAPTER
sufficient
When
fowls
of
and
the
when
desires
that
be
to
NUMBER
next
beginners
to
safest
fowls
of
the
the
ber
num-
consider
is to
step
how
made.
given
is
for
actually provided
been
keep,
to
be
will
is acknowledged
SMALL
have
quarters
'"ne
start
advice
The
that
a
that
MADE.
HOW
AND
WHEN
START"
THE
to
STOCK.
G" "" "D
of
all practical poultrymen,
follow, is to begin with
1"\
best
and
beginning
In
the
one's
in
a
increase
work
ability and
capacity for
necessary
routine
has
certain
done
After
of the plant.
with
the enlarging
one
and
work
this
becomes
easier,
for
work,
day,
a
long time,
da) alter
half
later
work
in
the
be
of
the
accomplished
on
double
amount
can
this
than
And
it took
that
important
time
the beginning.
at
more
even
and
fund
of practical knowledge
experience will
fact that one's
is the
selves.
the
various
he works
increase
out
they present themproblems
as
as
small
way,
Figuratively speaking,
one
sixty. Some
may
with
time
waste
than
on
with
few!"
so
better
it is
for
to
to
"closer"
net
can
chickens
six
chickens;
experiment
six
better
one
with
start
"Oh,
say:
But
number,
large
a
is
it
with
the
to
than
could
I
never
few
a
his
few:
in caring
small
lor
jusl as great, if not
greater,
a
if one's
than
number
energies are
spread over
large number;
one
a
the
effects of what
bad
easily and clearly both
good and
more
ami errors
will lie discovered
easier
and
much
corrected
done,
en
less
flock
than
with
small
with
and
loss, with
quicker, hence
a
a
large one.
will
experience
The
question
until
six
c'clock
to
the
night
afternoon,
and
leave
his
birds
which
increase
3S
the
one's
and
funds
ige
to
time
he
mistake
the
be
must
means
figure that
settles
which
his
has
that
he
to
personal
of
efforts, and
available
A
limited,
the
improve
day long
themselves,
for
cart-
his
must
varies.
must
progress
sarily
neces-
is often
this
with
tisfaction
0Wn
to
receive
the
in
three
all
nine
almost
until
is away
they
the
after
to
of
morning
the
as
which
worse,
or,
attention
is obviously
time
house
in
who
person
another,
of
amount
Saturday
the
Hock
a
shortly
returns
day
of
care
his
leave
not
who
all
large
in
would
out
desire
thos"
who
discouraging
to
to
in a short
time
to
that will permit them
leave
their
to
size
a
of
make
keeping
position and
regular business
poultry.
a
unless
is necessarily
in
business
the
slow,
has
poultry
one
unlimited
his
need
and
o'clock
seven
as
his poultry
It is
kept.
to
fowls
of
from
have
to
again,
the
slower,
be
able
has
Then
to
case
Where
works
who
also
and
place.
flock
who
be
devote
to
number
extent,
morning,
the
has
one
the
man
to
teacher,
or
in
time
spare
lame
a
for
at
principal,
in
of
amount
ntrol,
the
be
the
would
labor
accomplishment
contented
increase
which
in
the
buy
to
increase
forget
so
his
controlled
upon
should
keep
is entirely
he
work
to
beginner
like
to
musl
others,
of
be
many
his
careful
hens
in
which
lost.
by
plant.
the
and
case
man
largely from
plant
to
The
avoid
think
amount
making
that
of
is
this
important time of the year
the
While
poultrj
breeding season.
experienced
some
poultryfor
fowls
thousand
hens
men
proper!) care
can
(laying
pally),
princione
it would
for
he
this
physical impossibility for them
to
a
care
fowls
number
of
chicks
phis the hatching and rearing of sufficient
to
all the large
replace the old fowls.
During every
breeding season,
on
The
who
help is necessary.
practical poultryman
poultry plants, extra
matter.
Do
not
that
with
16
most
can
for
care
months
he
when
of
the
would
rather
old
the
and
keep
one
with
start
stock
young
One
be
principal
put
for
to
think
as
with
of
themselves,
that
during
to
inculcate
use
of
spending
and
will
good
with
the
It is better
to
stock
one
grade of fowls.
pains. They
in the long run.
are
There
the
two
are
beginner
When
of
seasons
make
to
in the
laying
birds
points
in the
with
or
"
that
is, the
whether
chick
will
he
investigate the
the
will
Mongrels
sirable,
unde-
highly
are
spring he
of
with
the
branch
tackle
chick
individual
to
has
one
to
will
progeny
business
of
particularly favorable
business;
spring and
are
poultry
advantage,
the
of
weather
some
invariably be made
attempting to master
must
of
that
year
in
will
and
only
end
of
decide
have
before
does
better
poultry always
lighting the rigors of winter.
stock
spring with either young
as
poor
birds, and
and
alsi
fall
ways.
pleasant
warm,
the
start
a
many
starts
one
of
when
from
to
fall.
Spring offers
superiority in certain
aid,
new,
much
so
the
of
be bought
for the amount
laying strain that can
money
birds
the
When
such
breed
from,
used
to
are
spend.
when
and
is
make
regular
to
ready
one
a
usually improve,
the pursuit, his birds
will warrant
the step.
and
support
months
rience),
expea
buy and start with five fine birds at live dollars
apiece
each!
birds
dollar
twenty-live poor
at
one
Fancy
what
is meant
foundation
not
stock,
but this term
by good
that
'birds
from
the best
to
full-blooded, true
are
type, and
includes
for
be
the
is
and
with
care
get
(to
simply Ik
gain
may
one's
expensive
what
discarded
would
take
would
alone
And
discarded
be
will
fowls
poor
be
to
vital
with
begin
to
birds
from
is
stress'cannot
innumerable
novice.
experience
for
n
season.
poultry
fact
very
the
This
better
trouble
unsatisfactory, and
than
the
some
this
have
stock?
And
than
more
will
largely have
learned
little
flock
wasted.
stock
methods
return
with
labor
mongrel
new
entire
made
start
two
or
year
a
the
so.
neglect in
breeding
of
strain
twenty.
is
beginners make
with
fowls
mongrel
experience
Mongrel
arid
;
to
must
much
Too
mistake
is not
extent
he
four
figure that
to
with
success
much
as
cut
for
care
about
this
find
point hinges
""uc
One
This
certain
a
a
when
or
birds.
pure-bred
to
time
can
well
to
Stock.
ultimate
this
on
do
breeding
STOCK.
failure.
gain just
people
during
and
following
the
for
or
then
number
Foundation
that
or
they
apt
fresh
fact
success
would
and
hens
FOUNDATION
the
upon
reasons
novice
larger
requisite
GOOD
with
the
the
three
it takes
being raised,
is
hundred
Good
start
knows
stock
Therefore,
to
to
hens
young
year.
like
than
both
thousand
one
this number
in
(chicks)
In
different
that
of
it the
caring
for
the
the
stock
spring,
is
capable
birds
the
and
"
or
fall and
something
feelings
own
"
start
bsuiness--
older
in
than
start
the
feels
one
of
some
valuable
a
grown
fowls
grown
bis
to
with
Whether
following
according
lie
fall, however,
branches
of
care
will
weather
pleasant
desire
so
can
or
the
birds.
grown
the
who
of
advantage
This
warm,
Those
both.
two
the
him.
bis
for
local
conditions.
One
stock,
when
to
can,
either
desires
one
first
purchase
these
for
of
a
raised
from
branch
looked
few
start
course,
chicks
or
to
grown
months
one's
own
the
and
hens
spring
fowls.
keeping
start
some
in
grown
and
then,
if
with
is
chickens
fowls
or
It
try
but
usually
in the
to
spring
learn
branch
one
considered
how
of
to
of
best,
the
care'
year]
for
desirable, chicks
be either
can
and
the
purchased,
details of this
into.
17
The
fall.
for
price of
The
who
person
this, and
large number
a
be
that
chicks
[f
excellent
an
all
hatches
the
chicks
to
carry
beginner
A
are
No
some
fall
in
made
start
buying
for
for
stock
good
sale.
for
if
The
of
the
really
is
interested
and
spring
continue
to
usually
year's pullets must
previousl) occupied
housed,
to
make
as
the
of
formation
and
composition
knowledge
of
certain
values,
In
evening.
hack
finish, and
little
a
composed,
an
and
hen,
the
to
eggs
The
very
being
of
proper
lowing
fol-
the
know
must
will
we
so
the
have
is
egg
feeding
ing
throw-
(perhaps)
eggs
greatest
from
to
go
Let
most
yet
back"
a
of
in
to
start
success.
formed,
a
possess
analysis,
chickens
than
innocent-looking,
very
the
general,
also
chickens
the
gain
to
know
must
in
and
gathering
and
that
chemical
keeping
to
more
do
particular,
kept
not
are
one
"
what
us
teresting
in-
little
it is
etc.
of
ovary
when
one
the
the
like
much
all
the
in
prices.
they
expected
reproduction
their
to
as
The
formed,
hence
go,
starting
quite capable
is
of
in
how
see
should
details
the
be
is, where
"that
morning
closely
To
egg.
more
object,
further,
the
to
the
birds.
can
will
profit
net
words,
one
start
again,
other
the
observe
in
corn
some
these
older
CHICKS.
laws
of
grains,
is something
There
etc
them
a
fundamental
something
some
and
VI.
chickens
where
but
have
the
for
planning
for
fairly trying time
tight successfully
a
extent
he
THE
with
success
a
hobby,
;i
a
enlarge.
and
HATCHING
To
it
one
.me
si
stock,
CHAPTER
solely
then
are
they
grown
work
for
opportunities
breeders
Large
birds,
master
of
housing
and
ig
and
period
this
through
one
big stride
it many
with
brings
make
rigors of winter
in poultry.
But
if
the
course,
lie
when
should
summer's
usually put
by
where
crowds
birds
two
practical poultryman
one
This
birds
be disposed of.
gives the person
must
fine birds
reasonable
chance
to
at
pick up some
a
Of
cess
sucmure
lost
are
a
he
houses
fair
fifty or
of,
his
will
time.
their
current
in
fur
and
April, and
with
and
disposed
are
can
this
(and
first of
chicks
lay
to
birds
received
be
months,
show
this
prices
low
will
the
these
to
And
fall
the
at
of
cockerels
the
of
hundred
one
spring
the
cockerel
a
three
next
some
the
short
a
housing
winter
the
the
about
have
winter.
such
and
before
fifty pullets
ami
in
make
to
hens
time
any
all
the
into
in
ready
are
initial cost
yearling
six
about
forty
hens
greater
in the number
of eggs
that
these
hatched
from
eggs.
received
eggs
between
stock
thai
this
mating),
and
them,
and
fact
But
hatching, In- should
by July first. Even
in
have
up
he
can
purchases
one
make
the
eggs.
made
than
mure
the
of
in the spring than
in the
greater
is justified in charging
the birds
be
wintered
has
for
also
will
stock
grown
a
hen,
hen
bunch
size,
the
is
of
eggs
that
or
in
Egg.
vary
condition
with
grapes,
in
IS
which
in
part
laying
the
si/e,
the
or
miniature
about
exception
according
to
to
that
their
eggs
are
lay. looks
instead
staj
oi
development,
to
from
small
about
size
three
of
quarters
diameter
in
inch
an
down
thai
scope.
the aid of a microbe
they can
seen
only with
the period of laying, these
ing
During
gradually increasarc
eggs
in size in due
which
succession.
The
make
to
yolk and
germ,
go
these
encased
in
rudimentary
which
in a transparent
sac
are
eggs,
so
up
a
is held
turn
becomes
the
to
thinner
around-
ruptures
membrane
of
its
by a thin
yolk grows,
ovary
the
as
the
and
centre,
the
into
drops
own.
This
membrane.
and
containing
the
finally, when
yolk
the
yolk, surrounded
by
funnel-shaped
beginning
sac
is
ture,
ma-
thin
a
of
the
oviduct.
oviduct
The
is
that
passageway
a
in
normal
the
is about
hen
two
feet
the
outside
long, and its function
is to carry
the yolk and
to
germ
world,
with
of
different
number
the
encasing them
a
coats
on
way.
first coat
The
the yolk and
after
deposited around
they are
ceived
regerm
is what
in the oviduct
is generally termed
(he
"white"
of an
secretion
the albumen,
of the oviof the mucus
membranes
duct.
or
a
egg,
This
is nol
coat
in
layers
distinguished if
the layer-
thrown
the
as
an
yolk
receives
egg
and
is
layer
what
forming
layer of
takes
for
the
or
known
in
as
also
that
eggs
another
final
and
The
as
rapid
very
have
egg
layer,
egg.
the
oration
evap-
incubated
been
one-fifth
as
last
the
commonly
is deposited on
part
known
coat
coloring-matter
the
the
larger,
shell.
the
it receives
other
cell may
much
as
occupy
As the egg
approaches
air
this
so,
of
case
the
the
the
layers,
from
of
the
of
two
of
When
evaporates.
the
of
end
growing
cell
oviduct
"skin"
is
cell"
"air
air
he
the
larger
away
the
the
readily
peeled off
lie
may
the
skin
the
at
more
as
termed
posited
is de-
hut
once,
in
along
This
fact,
contracts,
inside
Here
inch
moisture
or
space
oviduct
"shell."
the
shell.
in
at
layers
they may
when
generally
is
outer
an
skin
and
days
entire
of
of
place,
eighteen
the
the
usually
is
this
older
grows
of
which
coat
quarter
a
inner
egg
hard,
These
little farther
A
easily peeled apart;
he
can
one
another
lies just inside
and
eee.
nion.
all
egg
along.
is boiled
egg
like
the
around
passes
as
shell,
the
white
depositing a dark- color
ground, or
solidly on
a
the
so-called
shells, and
"speckled" egg
spots, making
varieties
huff
in still other
coating ""\ white
a
a
deposited over
is
of
all governed
the different
ground
secreting organs
by the various
certain
breeds
only
perhaps
in
"
breeds.
these
Knowing
provisions
hence
heat,
chilled
to
the
large
a
in
Nature
shell
of
the
in
also
as
shell
for
itself.
yet
unable
Truly
we
marvel
as
we
more
that
so
to
the
a
poor
from
procure
study
and
more
more
of
suddenly
by the chick, thus at
chick.
rapidly growing
properties
chemical
when
texture,
the
of
first
outside
laid,
it is
hatching proceeds chemical
changes take
disinand
the
partially tegrate,
particles soften
ing
much
he
more
easily broken, thus makto
break
absorbs
chick
forty-eight
the
derful
won-
being
enoughto
protect,
sudden
jars or
jolts. The
in the
chick
of the growing
and
little chick
shell,
to
as
shell
the
for
nourishment
is
the
the
thickness
the
conductor
hatching,
It is "tough"
nest.
arranged
its
itself
the
leaving
its
so
strength, yet
it possible
chick
her
the
permitting
before
when
considering
remarkable
place
the
of
some
see
is
albumen
the
has
that,
The
egg.
readily
more
can
from
embryo
germ
principal nourishment
absorbed
is practically entirely
time
in the
shell for the
making
room
time
same
one
Nature.
leaves
hen
extent,
is also
shell, and
the
protects
when
albumen
things,
id"
proper
closely
at
19
the
its
the
hours
or
the
through.
way
yolk, and
or
while
.so
sufficient
details
wonders
we
this
the
nourishment
of
Nature's
discover.
Just
is used
little
for
craft
handi-
forward
period is looked
and
hopes of big results
hatching
The
ctation,
the
excellent
But
be
can
downy
of
number
and
period, he
Close
will
help
well
period
of
.should
not
maximum
a
hatching,
and
one's
visit
seldom
but
not
"bite
to
mistakes
off
hatched
that
cared
thus
can
he
for.
In
chicks
he
the
to
for
to
will
that
majority
size
hatch
hold
Many
much
as
how
hatching
all, figure mi
benefit
of
that
amount
hardly
machine.
This
first
incubate
first.
at
incubators
be
can
As
all
the
business
rules
set
instructions
ma
Eggs
and
care
beginner
of
the
the
grows,
For
fifty or
large
a
has
than
number
buy
eggs.
it would
start,
novice
of
then
either
one
need,
number
and
number
that
eggs
will
the
season,
that
different
knows
incubatoru
own
operating
carefully the
machine
their
is
L20-egg
a
will
need
to
of
the
and
size
the
market,
impossible
that
and
as
machine,
accompany
all
it
the
all
give
to
Each
operation.
best,
particular
directions
on
quite
their
regarding
his
for
follow
to
of
instructions
or
however,
best
the
differently constructed,
are
can
half
increased.
'lost
which
best
estimate
second
or
double
about
hatch
many-
than
hatching
incubator
will
how
more
the
the
carefully
to
of
he
can
many
of
the
chicks
of
number
as
COStl}
made
facilities, ami
and
desired,
chicks
have
isn't the
espe-
difference
failure.
on
of
that
holds
beginners, an
will
be
Unless
quite large enough.
eggs
of
in
the
the
invest
business
at
capital to
be
advisable
for
beginner
to
buy
a
larger
seventy
and
number
It
incubator
the
all the
assured.
more
of
one
pay
three-weeks'
hatches,
more
bordering
for
these
he
individual
the
expects
machine
the
will
will
It
the
make
chew."
care
poor
give
then
success
regard
in
of
one
the
half
the
"
goodly
hatching
each
all during
things being equal,
chicks.
may
head.
to,
a
incubator
setting hen
or
frequently as
possible. This
before
trouble
impending
any
as
can
and
"
of
during
way
the
regards time
as
Instead
maturity.
to
and
and
best
their
resulting
number,
is
one
over
look
both
raised
for,
attention,
in
foster
overcome
but
day
of
to
figuring
than
should
one
he
cared
that
more
bj getting
properly
any
the
in
taken
he
been
while.
number
in
as
frequently
given, largely superin-
every
closesl
things
made
and
is possible, other
as
after
should
(/are
of
only
not
to
"nip in the bud"
one
any
of
The
result.
loss
can
damage
if a large number
of
set,
are
eggs
successful
and
year's work
a
one
between
a
off
worth
seldom
have
end
proaching
ap-
low
aims
the
at
sometimes
"
people
of
attention
enable
serious
it
attention,
the night
into
he
difficulties
well
was
who
he
much
with
year
high
accompany
usual
careful
very
anxiety,
bring
to
look
to
will
far
as
But
been
the
each
to
run
by hundreds
little puff-balls greet
one
and
care
and
often
the
have
latural
day
castles.
ideals
when
that
feels
air
oi
high
and
results.
they
as
altitude
anything,
hits
Period.
Hatching
The
facturer,
manu-
send
is
nute
misafest
machine
based.
that
intended
for
be set
hatching should
just as
soon
is
valuable
the
less
it
becomes
kept
any
egg
for incubating
in the
of the moisture
gins
beEvaporation
purposes.
egg
ii is laid,
with
as
soon
it. also,
certain
material
as
carrying
the
to
of the chick.
growth
an
the day they
set
Eggs that are
laid will give the best
are
be
results, though
an
kept a week
may
egg
ami
givi satisfactory results.
Chicks
mi
been
have
hatched
from
four
six
kept from
but they were
hard
to
weeks,
eggs
to
very
raise.
for
used
Eggs
he
in size,
hatching should
as
nearly uniform
color
shape and
the
shells
free
from
as
possible, and
lines
ridges or
as
possible.
are
The
longer
2(1
testing the
After
those
with
dead
closed
until
temperature
the
etc.,
the
the
in
the
on
eggs
germs,
is
hatch
machine
eighteenth
This
over.
be
should
removing
clay and
should
incubator
closed
be
does
not
mean
all
and
main
re-
that
the
appreciably,
change
the outside
by means
allowed
to
but
be
made
from
must
regulation of the Heat
otherwise
successful
that
Mam
hatches
be
might
lamp.
machine
after
the
the eighteenth
spoiled by opening
day.
of
the
It
If
practicaih useless
is
chick
a
itself
from
sooner
the
for
will
later
or
it
shell,
to
assist
to
try
vitality,from
insufficient
has
will
sicken
die.
and
make
to
it is
that
true
of
out
shell.
the
whatever, to liberate
growth, and
proper
cause
any
unable
be
chicks
are
it is hard
work
to
and
pip the egg
then
such
endless
but
assistance
will only cause
not
to
help it out,
trouble
who
desire
for a large hatch
for those
permit sympathy
or
their
Where
it is possible to
with
raise
to
run
a\va\
common
sense.
of
chicks
that
the
of the
shell, they will only
are
helped out
some
!
lower
make
will
the
and
never
general vitality of the flock
g
birds.
the
of
the
machine
Besides
this,
profitable
layers or
opening
of hatchfew
of the
shell at the crucial
time
ing,
I a
weaklings out
will
the
chill
other
to
probably cool
sufficiently
temperature
chicks
loss
.,f large nttmaboul
this may
result in the
hatch, and
to
three
of
weeks
that
chicks
'klie chick
twentieth
the
if
should
The
tlie
hatched.
about
shells
has
to
tile
in
the
the
and
twenty-first
the
of
end
stay
of
end
maintained,
been
the
by
over
permitted
he
chick
a
temperature
completel)
should
see
have
pip
to
correct
he
chicks
to
otherwise
begin
the
and
eggs
would
should
day,
hatch
day.
the
over
incubator
until
off and
dried
around,
thoroughly
to
run
enough
tire
strong
when
he safeh
removed
the
brooder.
to
they may
if the
first few
hatches
become
not
Beginners should
discouraged
with
successful.
of
not
experience do
are
entirely
Poultrymen
years
hatches.
for
There
hatches.
not
always get big
causes
are
poor
many
One
advise
the
oi
wh\
principal
reasons
experienced
poultrymen
foundation
with
stock
is. because
beginners to start
good
they know
iln
that
chances
of
that
hatch
able
livewill
getting fertile eg,L:s
strong,
chicks
far
with
with
better
stockstock,
than
are
good
poor
will
hatch
Thus
the
well.
eldom
portance
imthat
lay eggs
of
foundation
stock
L;ettinu; the besl
possible becomes
very
in the reproduction
of the Mock.
Improper
feeding will affect
apparent
rtihn
little
food
and
Too
the
hatchability of
eggs.
green
of
of
given the breeders:
care
during the firsl week
improper
eggs
much
low
too
too
hatching;
cooling; too
high
or
a
temperature;
jarring the eggs;
these,
kept to.,
being incubated;
long before
eggs
re
and
other
many
When
a
lie
carefully
and
these
the
able
first year,
of
are.
proper
m
chicks
get
an
hatch
to
he
not
will
view
will
average
fifty
he
hatches,
r
]
conditions
the
successful,
should
ascertaining the cause
or
a
corrected
before
another
or
attempting
cared
stock,
for, and
properly fed and
breeding
can
cause
heen
with
removed
good
incubation,
reasons,
has
studied
With
is
similar
hatch
"
i"
out
of
well
very
u
possible and
course,
application and close
the
at
seventy-five
cent,
per
"in
pop
^i
to
should
per
indeed.
he
to
batch.
correct
the
If
fertility and
cent,
fertile
remaining
the
attention
time.
proper
causes,
Better
results
diligently sought.
details, they will
eggs,
ginner
bethen
the
than
these
Ami
with
he
achieved
tune.
Hatching
best
local
instructor
in
conditions
vary
mly
general
a
few
so
Hens.
With
hatching
with
hens
greatly, both
and
suggestions
with
rules
12
the
is
experience.
operator
he
may
and
given.
the
The
hen.
The
principal trouble
with
hatching hens is the possibility of their
of two
usually caused
by one
things: Lice
sitter.
or
The
a
first cause
The
hen
easily be overcome.
can
poor
should
be
with
lice powder
before
thoroughly (lusted
she
is given
hatch.
This
to
be
least
any
eggs
dusting should
at
repeated
n
week
the
hatch
(even after
a
is off), until
the
chicks
almost
are
weaned.
The
second
be overcome
cause
by a little experimenting.
may
When
hen
she
a
should
be
brood)
placed on
appears
some
china
for two
three
If .she still sticks close
or
eggs
days.
nest
to the
the end
of this
.H
time, it will usually be safe
the
to
place her
on
that
to
be hatched.
Tf
are
ing
eggs
Biddy
persists in frequently leavdes" rting their
This
nests.
is
i
the
house
sitting
unreliable
A
be
in
be
light.
to
with
trust
should
changed
the
in
After
should
for
be
about
of
tries
or
place,
close
is not
in
enough
sitter
air
must
to
hen
entire
when
she
If
get
be
make
off
cloth
\s
from
the
and
nest
to
trying
begin
and
not
given
back
to
another
always
and
attendant
to
that
see
sits
that
too
and
nervous
the
dusting
with
incubation,
chick
not
hatch.
the
CHAPTER
left
succeeds
the
If
entire
the
about
with
will
in
the
hen
to
die
flock
previously
powder.
soon
in
eggs
should
lice
ticularly
par-
is
ones
likely
are
a
to
ing
grow-
from
them
temperature
chicks
are
stronger
one
hatched,
which
should
with
is allowed
egg
remove
the
they
box,
are
hen,
wiped
of
it, leaving
will
and
the
material
egg
off
the
prevent
shell to hatch.
the
the
tf
eggs
as
nesting
of
the
to
follow
more
it will
through
nest.
or
removed
broken
a
process
weeks,
off,
one
carefully
it is best
probably
chicks
mother
thorough
around
first week,
nest,
new
coating
a
the
in
come
outside
all the
the
she
run
hen
be
of
lie
If
air
chilled
be
soiled,
contents
third
to
of
will
break
place where
If
degrees.
warm
a
chicks
After
exposure.
not
Then
should
is somewhat
badly
the
hatch,
to
out
will
the
A
should
egg
or
begin
hen
the
and
on
should
an
hundred
get
the
these
follow
of
in
one
to
outside,
nest,
it
second
they
as
off
These
water.
begin
them
put
mother,
any
of
getting sufficient
chicks
ninety-eight
the
the
been
warm
outside
during
has
eggs,
with
the
on
chick
If
remaining
dampened
remain
nest
furnished.
the
on
the
should
time, the
time.
be
bright
eggs
gently to change
hen
will
Occasionally
a
step
the
of
incubation.
during
period
noticed.
is
to
the
hatching
that
one
much
water
During
reasonable
as
should
It
The
former
will
allow
frequently.
not
chick
obtain
to
permit the growing
to
In
such
the
close
growth.
a
prop,,case,
the nest
the eggs
moved
more
frequently and
their relative
position.
around
should
fresh
hen
nest
the
to
lifted
the
hatcher
a
an
should
nest
she
eggs,
hours.
permitted
and
nest
and
a
a
be
the
and
thirty-six
grain
sitting hen.
within
the
get
to
oxygen
he
the
the
on
to
of
the
the
good
as
off
throughout
again
around
moves
sufficient
of
will
eggs.
pined
twenty-four
lifted
near
hack
been
hatch
to
she
nesting material
preferably at night. The
nest,
Plenty
extent
remain
goes
given
other
filled with
new
has
reach
easy
certain
should
hen
for
minutes.
within
a
the
carefully
few
a
she
as
box,,
nest
some
hatch
a
be
the
to
of
top
on
door-knob
a
box
disturbed
be
on
other
placed where
hens
the
sitter.
cannot
annoy
there
dry, comfortably warm
is not
place where
too
a
be
to
hen
roomy
should
perch
to
lies;
bj
may
have
getting
the
does
from
be
been
VII.
BROODING.
While
the
features
correct
of
feeding
successful
of
the
poultry
23
chicks
is
raising,
one
of
the
the
brooding
portant
im-
most
of
the
chicks
will
either
proportion
There
with
and
"
methods
men
methods
their
there
Certainly, in
the
"heating
method
less
raising
in
large
a
of
chicks:
brood
to
the
there
cases,
The
natural
way
"
Both
supplying artificial heat.
Some
disadvantages.
poulty-
and
work
majority
the
of
advantages
is
materially
one
brooding
of
modern
the
have
think
aid
or
hatched.
chicks
two
are
hens
hinder
the
of
chicks
is little
or
under
hens.
trouble
no
with
there
But
is a
apparatus."
the
pecuniary loss, because
is brooding
lien that
chicks
for
lays practically no
about
three
eggs
four
weeks.
This
loss.
The
about
means
fifty cents
hen.
or
ticularly
parif it is of a heavy
breed, may
kill one
clumsily step on
and
brood.
chicks
in the
Chicks
which
brooded
more
or
are
by hens
wild
ami
harder
also
are
to
naturally more
tame,
are
feeling the
of
winter
restraint
than
raised
those
more
quarters
by the artificial
method.
When
brooding
chicks
reduce
should
this
necessarily more
collectively, can
hens.
with
il
and
year,
When
the
artificial
not
as
by
the
by
as
chicks
await
the
pleasure
supplied and
just as strong
d
method
the
natural
A
mistake
combine
all
chicks
tin-
mother
only
number
With
might
is put
back
or
of
chicks
to
would
for.
care
the
1"\
it is unwise
but
even
big hen
a
fully dried
(usually about
thirty-six
in the
to
a
only
instance,
i
othet
the
extreme
hen
i
mother.
to
off
are
for
to
exceed
hatches
one
is
give
Inn
one
brood, while
to
hens,
and
never
If
hatches,
two
with
flock
one
intended
these
hen
one
into
Nature
take
each
chicks
more
around
run
properly
given to
laving pen,
raised
be
brooding
hens
and
hatched,
from
the
a
method
when
more
mother.
to
of
hen.
broody
of
feeding is
of
can
brooding
time
any
Hens.
made,
or
and
the
the
two
she
could
chicks
into
When
of
hen
one
combined
twenty-live
frequently
chicks
she
dozen
a
be
to
to
the
which
half
is
that
hatchings
the
is
way.
Brooding
to
the
when
at
chicks
care
individually and
than
brood
hut
equipment
the
both
artificial method
the
to
properly
n
(locks,
tin
course,
fire,
by
While
larger
and
necessan,
is
heat
minimum.
a
much
hatch
can
is, of
chicks
to
raised
be
is
jusi
correct,
element
expensive,
One
artificial heat, there
and
brooder
with
both
oi
sufficiently strong
after the
forty-eight hours
and
hatching),
be
with
moved
the
hen
the brooder
The
to
they may
coop.
feel by two
feet makes
(two feel bv two
good-sized
a
should
I
previously
n
placed in a dry location, preferably
and
from
and
facing south,
high winds
heavy rains.
protected
If the weather
is cool, the coop
be
should
it will l"e in
placed where
the sunshine
shade
maximum
a
part of the daytime, but in mid-summer
must
be provided.
The
bottom
of tin
to
height of about
a
part
coop,
four
banked
earth
inches, should
have
or
against it to prevent
from
If the
under,
and
draughts
to
blowing
give good
drainage.
d in a small
be coi
box,
sivelj cold, the hen should
;,;
lei
coop
the
of
running
will
prevent
If
COOp.
the
chicks
the
first
put
her
the
"he
the
and
coop
hen
eat.
For
can
foi
she
will
from
chicks
two
head
then
or
The
straying
should
three
be
the
the
mainder
re-
of
the
mother
hen
far.
on
slats
and
a
board
This
chicks
24
clucking
placed
days.
through
call the
too
inside
run
is present,
the hen
should
be given the
chicks
tin
and
outside.
to
weather
warm
proper
coop
around
allowed
chicks
pleasant,
the
in
privilege
the
and
op,
of
in
board
in
should
the
front
teach
them
of
how
of
front
be
where
the
coop
to
eat.
Later
chicks
the
will
be
should
inaccessible
feed
to
farther
provided for the hen, and fresh
be supplied to both
the hen
and
individual
numerous
the
from
hen, as the food
hen
continually.
the
to
fed
be
the
to
flocks
chicks.
may
is too
pensive
ex-
of
grain
should
be
abundance
When
chicks
weaned,
arc
placed
and
food
frequently
should
the
assembled
be
their
chicks
Plenty
in
water
where
the
coop,
given
in
colony
a
coop.
The
Artificial
Method.
The
for the
henfor
suggestions
placing of the brood
coop
chicks
in
which
the
apply equally well to the brooder
coop
The
usual
size of
brooding is to be done
by supplying artificial heat.
brooder
is three
indoor
lamp-heated
a
by six feet (though
some
coop
brooders
convenience
three
in operating
are
by three
feet). For
a
number
of brooder
be placed as
close
bility
accessithey should
as
coops,
will permit, usually about
three
feet apart,
and
two
or
ably
prefermothered
in
line
When
the
and
to
be
once
other.
first eggs
may
that
mean
the
set,
are
working
brooders
order.
which
parts
last moment.
To
A
day
ready
made
of
or
for
least
at
half
inch
before
two
the
chicks.
one-half
of
little chick
inch
hay,
cut
feed
the
with
clover
missing
Inability to
from
properly
should
be
be put in the
piles should
the lamps, they should
be
as
maintain
to
the
the
from
top downward
Most
manufactured
supplied according
When
go
up
flame
bv
day
not
keep
to
or
The
two,
this
are
should
the
to
placed
flame
should
one-
the
sand.
three
or
have
little
been
be
be
depth
about
over
two
brood.
in
put
regulated
so
that
decreased
chicks
the
hundred
one
natural
so
method
that
the
of
the
heat
the temperature
five degrees, but the
natural
bodily heat thrown
hover,
and
It is the
the
causes
the
until
placed under
or
be
the
constructed
are
is
principle.
altered.
be
not
chicks
the
brooder
covered
wicks
new
is following
brooders
to
chicks
this
"
hundred
one
should
the
should
as
the
to
The
of
sonic
parts
brooder
the
uniform
the
hen.
lighted.
be
are
have
these
procure
this, and
over
After
will
of ninety-five (95) degrees
temperature
der
unof the air outside.
cidentally,
Inirrespective of the temperature
heat
that
is supplied in the hover
should
be supplied
a
hover,
.sinmid
scattered
chicks
broken
dry dirt, and
loose,
or
overhauled
heating
of
be
be
till the
or
off, the
should
alfalfa
corners.
loss
comes
floor
sand
or
this
are
hatch
The
should
leave
the
at
procured
one
seriously prevent
may
caring for the chicks, resulting in the
and
A
each
in thorough
put
hatched
at
with
on
within
they learn
twelve
to
go
afternoon
Boards
inches
in and
rise, and
to
temperature
this account.
out
of
the
should
the
from
hover
the
be
may
lamp
off
lamp heat
placed so
for
the
first
hover.
is the best time
lot of chicks
to
in the
place a new
be fed and
then
They should
the hover
gently put in under
where
be
when
be
they should
kept for half an hour
or
so,
they may
After
and
exercise.
the next
out
permitted to come
feeding this operation
should
be repeated.
A little chick
should
be kept exercising
not
much
the first day or
two.
too
Sleep is quite as essential at first to a
chick
After
the chicks
to
in and
a
of
baby.
as
get the way
running
of the hover
out
(usually in a day or two), it is no
longer necessary
for the attendant
that they go
back
after
to
The
boards
see
feeding.
that kept the chicks
the hover
also be placed
farther
near
may
away
the hover
from
taken
gradually, and
entirely after one
two
or
away
days.
At
the
the
second
week,
of
the
be
beginning
temperature
may
lowered
and
third
week.
This
to
the
to
ninety degrees,
eighty-five
brooder.
25
is gauged
temperature
of
comfort
the
first,with
at
as
should
chicks
under
the
by which
the
chicks
no
the
be
gauge
The
hover.
temperature
will put their
comfortable
Chicks
that are
is being
if insufficient heat
fringe of the hover;
The
hover.
of
under
the
the
will
huddle
centre
together
supplied, they
of
is regulated.
hover
the
little heads
condition
latter
is to
about
should
should
not
brooder,
to
maintain
place
must
to
cooler
a
in which
thej
the
It is hardly
hover
tliv
t
.
foot
cubic
T.ess
chick.
pul
four-tenths
will
this
than
This
of
prevent
they
into
and
be
may
should
never
one
A
hover.
the
from
away
is correct
chicks
"
all
at
pen.
sixty chicks
of
foot
of
floor
a
per
space
best with
the
doing
nary
ordi-
the
in
six-tenths
about
allows
from
one
heat,
the
get
can
square
a
artificial
under
fifty to
than
coop.
chicks
(70) degrees
supplied the
seventy
air must
he
the exercising
more
brooder
and
air
of
in
and
to
sate
Pure
the
supplying
temperature
the chicks
about
exercise.
show
rain.
when
where
temperature"
can
under
"
provided
The
They
signs of
immediately
put back
will enjoy this little run
weather
or
uniform
and
minutes.
however.
they like, but
as
is but
be
warm
snow
chicks,
brood
be
also
the
in
proper
a
brooder
after
ground
outside
they
as
soon
as
chicks
The
weather,
cool
they should
pleasant,
the
out
go
are
and
huddle,
In
successfully
To
must
times
daw
the
on
temperature
out
only a few
closely in
hover.
let out
be
if the
even
chicks
the
to
outside
run
permitted
heat
the
under
to
and
huddling,
it every
for
old,
permitted
and
should
chicks
watched
be
cold,
allowed
be
the
week
one
be
becoming
avoided.
be
fiftj degrees
chicks
look
the
weather
clear
In
they are
fort} or
ill-
of
out
his
chick's.
The
water.
creolin
should
coops
old
the
daily
and
aboul
runs
oats
to
by
spray-
acid
once
and
month,
a
to
rye
or
and
part
carbolic
crude
new
hover
disinfected
be
or
planted
and
up
water
to
the
under
It should
moved
be
spaded
runs
cleaned
throughout.
of
solution
a
lie
week
a
once
ith
and
should
brooder
The
thoroughly
the
renew
ground.
Without
Brooding
quite possible
It is
whatsoever.
them
for
the
that
Wither
chicks.
are
the
OSS
a
tireless
chicks
tin-
kind
and
of
five
six
the
top
of
made
to
regulated
muslin
bodily
heat
been
lias
hen
be
to
off
possibility
any
by
frame.
and
is
when
(where
to
is
made
lie
of
the
the
that
it is held
box,
cheese
sixteen
tacked
is
centre
is
the
or
inches
is
made
loosely
falls
inch
placed an
in position by cleats).
frame
into
frame
wooden
muslin
huddle,
not
put
once
is about
square
so
they do
at
ordinary
that
unbleached
tacked
are
an
handy
A
high.
that
see
they
on
about
A
to
from
down
"quilt"
is
the brooder
and
the heat inside
top of the box,
loosely on
placing this quilt either snugly or
top of the
\ three-inch
hole is cut
in the side of the box
square
the
cover
which
through
they go
cold
require a
precludes
to
warmth
provide
method
This
off.
not
is noticed
may
inches
box.
brooder
box
the
that
muslin
i
tin
to
heat
any
natural
the
and
weeks,
watched
brooder
box
a
or
inside
the
tendency
This
brooder.
:ist
lamp
a
it does
that
four
or
carefully
are
as
soon
ei
nor
is used
tire.
from
The
is
in
practical value
three
laying job lor
of
proven
hen
a
supplying
without
chicks
principle is to conserve
constantly throwing
Tin-
chicks
the
brood
to
Heat.
the
inside
chicks
the
can
brooder
run
in
and
each
26
and
out.
chick
When
helps
the
warm
chicks
the
other.
are
This
method
or
warm
house
a
nursing"
to
get
with
this
they
with
than
deal
of
the
way
other
CHAPTER
and
is
erately
mod-
brooded
side
in-
"hand-
watching
of going
and
habit
the
get
once
any
weather
in number
great
into
a
chicks
when
hut
warm,
trouble
more
the
get
the
when
used
few
are
requires
It
first to
be
may
chicks
the
coop.
or
at
brooder
brooding
of
when
int""
the
is
there
no
system.
VIII.
FEEDING
CHICKS.
THE
One
of the most
interesting periods in the poultry keeper's yearly
extends
from
the
time
the
little chicks
until
experience
hatched
are
Most
the
they begin to feather
out.
hatching is done
during
spring
when
everything seems
life, and
one's
to lie taking on
new
spirits are
with
One's
simply bubbling oyer
exuberance.
to
expectations seem
weeks'
daily as the three
period of incubation
gradually draws
grow
it is an
when
to a close, and
the little chicks
exciting time indeed
begin
to
"pop out."
little downy
The
"sit up
and
take notice"
puff-balls seem
almost
to
dried off. They
as
as
soon
they are
instinctively begin picking at everything
within
the limited
In the
absence
of their sight.
of. anyrange
thing
and
more
inviting they pick at each other's bills and
toes,
woe
be
the
to
chick
unfortunate
so
instinctive
picking
he
little fellows
the
sees
specks
the
glass of
the
chicks
on
concludes
that
much
picking
the
have
to
as
holds
the
each
at
blood
for
danger
other,
at
drawn.
It is this
the
beginner.
the
felt, even
incubator,
etc., etc., the novice
Forthwith
he takes
them
When
little
at
immediately
of the
out
hungry.
a
brooder, and promptly begins stuffing them
with
for himself
reality, he is banking up trouble
in direct proportion to the amount
he
gives the chicks to eat.
Nature
has
little chicks
with
food
in
provided
sufficient
proper
for sixty to seventy-two
hours
quantity to last them
after
they leave
The
the shell.
last thing a chick
does
before
the
breaking through
shell is to absorb
the yolk of the egg,
and
this becomes
until
its food
it is sufficiently strong
livelihood.
to
Not
gain its own
only is the
chick
food
is eaten
abundantly
this yolk
supplied, but if other
before
are
incubator,
into
puts them
all they will eat.
In
is assimilated
just
eaten
the
onh
a
effects
than
disastrous
they
large
and
dinner
and
case
of
one
result,
then
of
the
chicken
chick
quality of
necessity depend largely
are
eat
lot
a
has
more,
and
far-reaching
more
chicks
of
causes
who
man
a
to
the
too
after
soon
high
death
rate,
business.
food
local
on
forced
Feeding
man.
principal
the
loss, in the
ft is like
is
little chick
tender
a
is
financial
kind
The
of
on
in the
hatched
are
and
invariably
will
trouble
big, hearty
that
is fed
little chicks
conditions.
There
are
must
many
chick grains on
the
market,
and. if the truth
told, but few
were
inferior
quality.
The
which
half the success
of raising chicks
one
point on
depends
is feeding only sound,
sweet
//rain that has not
been
"heated"
and
that
mixed
are
of
is free
from
sensitive
mould
for
nourishment
The
their
chicks, and
digestive apparatus,
Method
size),
mustiness.
or
the
first day
of
the
sparingly,
natural
working
fed
for
chicks
that
the
should
the
functions
urain
First
and
27
and
a
will
ready
afford
sufficient
quickly
Two
given
crops
thus
be
not
very
sickness
in
first he
chicks'
will
will
grain
resulting
Feeding
so
Poor
sour
final
upset
the
loss.
Weeks.
little grit (smallest
induced
to
begin
be
to
take
care
of
the
when
food
on
board
a
it
so
given
are
with
in
the
squeezed
pieces. Tapping
with
permitted
fingers on
the
chicks,
the
of
the
their
and
to
and
up
crumble
in
away
will
holding the food
on
by
curiosity, spurred
is left
mash
The
eat.
fore
be-
it should
which
feeding, after
each
at
sweet
is taken
will
it
board
the
them
five minutes
about
chicks
a
fall
to
line, mixed
up
with
handful
pers,
hop-
chicks
the
moistened
slightly
in
kept
day
cut
eggs
when
appetites, will quickly induce
their
be
so
and
attention
the
attract
just
but
hand
hard-boiled
that
be
a
first
clucks
the
should
times
three
and
before
put
later
and
seen,
of
crumbs,
bread
be
may
About
times.
composed
mushy,
not
all
at
mash,
a
dried
milk,
readily be
can
accessible
grit
The
it is received.
entirely removed.
an
should
hour
dozen
be
eggs
should
Wheat
until
sufficient
be
made
crumbled
then
loaves
two
day's feeding only,
the
be
given from
a
also
the
and
with
mix
to
for
may
balances
and
it is brittle,
is
bran
and
food
cut
more
or
is made
mash
egg
thirty minutes
about
Bread
hard
by boiling (infertile) eggs
all.
these
fine, shell and
chopping
up
for at least
into slices and
slowly dried in an oven
and
bread
The
for
first,
food
concentrated
more
it will
as
One
ture
mix-
This
quickly
it is
as
the
of
line.
very
bread.
of
sour.
"bulky"
a
It is
mash.
prising,
sur-
relish
bran, with what
get a good
it.
safe
It
is
will
to
perfectly
and
in what
consume
quantities they
themselves
to
and
all
to
bran,
as
they
of
help
chickens
ages
permit
any
much
for their good.
too
cannot
consume
the
mash
is put
before
first the
following chick
the very
From
after
chicks
the
of
taste
the
allowed
and
to
eat
the chicks
as
in shallow
are
trays,
DRY,
be
few
After
week, the mash
days or
a
a
may
tbey desire.
This
mash
is .uiven the
fed
in hoppers, and
always kept accessible.
the
maturity, when
approach
chickens
dry continually until the fowls
substituted.
is gradually
laying mash
chicks
much
as
Chick
A
\fter
The
before
tin
lbs. Corn
20
lbs. Wheat
20
lbs. Wheat
20
Hi-.
Fine
lbs.
Fine
chicks
the
Bran.
Middlings.
Beef
one
are
a
handful
so
or
is
quality).
(besl
Scraps
Meal.
Bone
fed
add
old,
week
first day a little commercial
chicks
until they become
then
and
Meal.
2i)
8
Mash.
chick
used
to
is placed
feed
it up
picking
times
the
in between
fine charcoal.
lbs.
2
a
on
the
board
eating it,
and
egg
mash
is
scratch
for a living, thus
the little fellows
fed, in the litter, to make
be
A
little rolled
oats
in fine, healthy condition.
keeping them
may
half water
and
Fresh
the ration.
or
water,
given occasionally to vary
from
the bebe given the chicks
milk
half sweet
(lukewarm), should
after
too
hatching may
soon
day. Giving water
ginning of the second
chicks
bowel
troubles.
The
easily be
can
other
and
diarrhoea
"n
Irink
A
Daily
Ordinarily,
mash
use
in
nne
and
moistening
for
Schedule
for
a
about
half
of
fifteen
or
teaspoonfuls
this quantity
of
28
the
water
mash.
the
egg
twenty
of water
If
few
a
the
Feeding
teaspoonfuls
three
about
bills in
their
dipping
lie sufficient
will
Vbout
to
by
times.
Chicks.
and
bread
chicks,
milk
at
should
can
be
be
crumb
each
feed-
sufficient
obtained
at
The
at
chick
A.
9
M.
and
be
a
heavy,
to
the
The
bread
end
of
until
were
M.
an
inch
The
or
of
more
early in the
for the
up
milk
the
The
twice
only
should
litter, thus
day.
night.
in
litter
the
feeding
morning
the
and
second
easilj done
in
scattered
daily,
light and
be
keeping
P.
4
Give
lukewarm
give
and
may
succulent
of
plenty
water,
chicks
the
feeding
M.
daily.
times
crumbs
the
d
the
P.
Discontinue
only, three
be
can
into
be
trifle hungry
fill the chicks
food.
green
water
should
4
well
ttered
active
feed
and
should
egg
week,
and
by introducing
discontinued
gradually
chick
mash
little of
a
the
in
used
the
chick
toward
This
place.
with
mash
the
gradually increasing
day, and
bread
and
crumbs,
decreasing the egg
about
crumbs
be
the
tenth
and
quantity of chick mash
the end
of two
weeks.
chick
mash
is
fed
This
mixture
at
only
and
the
bread
crumbs
moistened,
the
same
slightly
as
egg
M.
for the
mash
about
12
at
enough
edings a day are
mash
the chicks
all times.
M.
at
dry before
5 P.
Keep the chick
"
and
will
It
noticed,
be
ks
"
is
This
the
that
so
in
relish
but
chicks
will
this
-
according
fill up
i"
will
be
in
the
chicks
md
bread
i
at
remain
the
to
on
to
crop
longer
the
will
their
eat
crumbs
chedule
of
eat
should
chicks
are
will
chicks
soft
nearly
full
later
they
in
grain
of
will
for
the
old).
weeks
found
as
mash
eat
toucl
not
continued
four
be
the
would
be
about
mash.
grain
much
as
that
always
is
grain
moistened
than
crops
well
so
feeding
ring (or until the
for feeding the
ledules
Stock."
wing the Young
the
induced
if things were
reversed, they
r this, when,
their fill of soft food.
eaten
having
after
that
schedule,
night, before
the
two
Fur-
chap
food,
and
charcoal,
dry mash,
exercise, plenty of green
should
chicks
raise
of
the
large
proportion
feeding,
a
judicious
should play a prominent
Common
hatched.
sense
part in the brooding
of
Plent\
with
and
chicks,
of
raising
and
the
he
looks
who
in the
uccess
Tin
could
There
for
this
aid
in
or
"
the
most
"\"i thi
of
the
rearing
quality of
of
the
the
stock;
the
are
the
usually attending
in
principal
that
causes
evi-
causes
lend
rate.
from
far-reaching
By
tig stock.
chicks,
propor-
were
become
indigently
of
a
conditions
the prinknow
must
cipal
dying, one
the causes,
sickly and die. Knowing
of prevention.
provide a means
chicks
ent
chicks
why
reasons
One
if proper
things which
are
loss, but there
this appalling death
'
annually, and
chicks
of
three
large
MORTALITY.
raised
terrible
making
To
two
are
be
at
mo-
months
run.
CHICK
millions
"
the
six
apparent
IX.
PREVENT
TO
of
labors
the
at
become
long
CHAPTER
HOW
not
will
that
results
its
and
care
quality
of
causes
condition
of
the
chick
mortality
is meant
feeding.
breeding
In
is the
the
entire
the
hatching
stock,
and
dition
con-
matter
the
and
care
One
be too
cannot
feed
it receives, will become
apparent.
very
While
nice to be able
stock.
it is very
the breeding
particular about
from
flock of 200
bird
male
egg-layers, if he does not
a
a
to
procure
is
than
useless
health
he
of
and
the best
as
a
vitality
worse
possess
and
30
breeder.
the
And
applies equally well to
birds
of the greatest
are
same
the
in
females
the
the
to
breeding pen.
importance
Healthy
in
Without
business
who
is
the
healthy
breeders,
to
poultryman
stay.
in vitality,and
that means
the beginthe general flock will deteriorate
ning
their
and
of the end.
More
care
complete details of the breeders
will be found
in a subsequent
chapter.
A
to
lack
of
in the
care
large extent,
a
will
have
not
furnish
have
One
few
from
days
incubator
with
will
a
that
apparently
has
been
the
proper
no
either
be
high
too
of
[f
yolk is in
this
that
too
a
too
low,
it will
chick
while
the
into
in
pint jug.
The
If
heat
the
downward,
One
cannot
cause
die
alter
the
heat
in
shell,
this
and
is
heat
run
probably
the
one
heat
in
given
a
getting
the
space
into
quart
the
chicks
to
put
can
a
cause
may
be
When
egg.
by the chick, which
ultimately die.
of .hick
mortality.
chicks
more
than
a
the
fere
seriously inter-
the
is supplied from
instead
underneath,
chicks
will get "weak
this
legs" and
the
may
all from
prevent
chicks
dead
under
and
to
handled.
will
put
supplying
of
manner
the
more
any
will
but
brooder
exercise,
there,
go
assimilated
while
a
a
and
result.
properly
be
for
frequently
are
chicks
many
will be
should
die.
live
nourishment
proper
than
it cannot
will
brooding
in
crowd
hovers
condition
chick
the
Errors
To
eggs
become
means
long
set
will
after
the chick
hatches.
When
the
apparent
extended
will
too
high for an
time, the yolk of the egg
baked, sometimes
until it is as hard
that of a hard-boiled
as
a
cause,
faulty incubation.
whatsoever,
or
the
in
they
but
The
roughly
been
found
right,
cause
growth
life.
have
may
may
all
seem
sustain
to
or
room,
mortality
hatched
be
may
nutrients
proper
warm
chick
of
cause
Chicks
too
kept for hatching will
eggs
been
Eggs that have
kept too
when
in
them
remaining
nourishment
with
kept in
been
of
mortality.
sufficient
chicks
the
selection
chick
the
from
of
will
kill
a
top
great
many.
insufficient
If
huddle
together
they
will
that
does
have
supplied
is
heat
warm.
get
stand, and
to
in
To
to
chick
no
the
keep
can
brooder,
the
chicks
being trampled
upon,
A
chick
sleep while
standing.
Or
the
in the
lamp
grow.
sleep will not
get
proper
brooder
the
chicks
out
night, and
some
windy
may
go
lower
will probably
their
chilled, which
so
vitality that
unable
to overcome
the handicap.
not
air in the
Impure
for
oxygen
fowls,
breathing
pure
air
allowed
to
coop
does
fresh
air
seep
not
into
the
have
the
If the
hover
with
fumes
brooder
or
ventilation
sufficient
all times,
at
Chickens
supplied
live.
to
chicks
hover
the
chick.
be
must
them
under
or
growing
and
enable
to
brooder
the
will
will
from
all
Income
will
they
be
afford
not
ficient
suf-
rapidsufficient
a
quantity of
of the brooder
lamp are
ages
if
or
proper,
admit
to
suffer
will
of
will
are
the
good
a
in consequence.
brooder
supply
of
A
of
lack
ing.
as
sunlight will kill chicks almost
quickly as improper feeding or breedIt is impossible to
raise
chicks
in a cellar
below
or
anywhere
In summer,
ground, where
sunlight penetrates.
no
however, too much
the coop
hot, and mortality will ensue.
sunlight makes
too
(and chicks)
Shade
in summer
be provided
for fowls
of all ages.
positively must
This
A very
of chick
prominent
mortality is unclean
cause
coops.
chicks, but it is also applicable to chicks
applies especially to very young
that
the
be over
of their
dangerous
growth.
even
more
stages
may
Unclean
coops
droppings
of
that
unclean
DAY,
most
chicks
healthy
coops.
and
Disinfect
will
chicks
work
dreaded
chick
by their
coming
Clean
thoroughly
the
havoc
brooders
the
clean
the
in
best
flock
in
the
land.
The
diseases
foul, and
quickly become
(particularly
many
white
disease,
diarrhoea)
are
spread to
with
into contact
infected
droppings in
underneath
brooders
the
entire
frequently with
31
brooder
a
solution
the
at
of
hovers
least
once
creolin
EVERY
a
week.
(one pint)
and
(thirty-two
water
floor
the
of
week,
brooder
will
and
Chickens
If
are
around
or
susceptible
more
removed
be
to
this
'"ih
increase
business.
fed
be
may
allowing
too
wet
the
either
of
lack
absolutely
lie
chicks
the
cause,
chicks
one
time
chicks
food
or
too
similar
other
in
the
they
soon;
the
cient
; insuffiaggregate
the grain, thus
of
much
either
easily; too
procuring
in
unbalanced
too
all
To
age.
failures
fed
in
of
the
are
than,
more
weeks
two
one-half
least
the
if not
as,
under
the
at
much
many
under
this
of
any
cold.
to
are
remain
should
from
much
as
chicks
that
be
too
ill-effects
brooders
wet
at
grain, i.e.,an
and
these
"
does
of
afforded
get
to
of
or
will
water
the
the
they
than
the
show
become
rate
may
be
may
where
attributed
much,
them
food
It
too
exercise
soft
be
may
the
dry brooder.
probably
death
the
cause
poultry
should
dampness
to
of
cover
another
feeding
Improper
else
or
to
on
during
sand
disease.
prevent
The
roof
precaution.
If a brooder
rainproof.
should
plentiful supply of
the
absorbing
droppings
is placed in a hollow,
chicks
will soon
it, the
brooder
a
also
A
quarts).
in
will aid
ration;
the
food
mash
in connection
causes,
fed
ing,
feed-
with
raised.
A
of
chicks
that are
healthy chick
laid
in
excellent
stock
condition
an
by good breeding
egg
its
be
have
and
killed
vitality sapped
really
by improper
feeding
can
in a very
of time.
is also true.
short
Incidentally, the contrary
space
weak
and
somewhat
Chicks
that are
at
first,with proper
feeding
care
It all depends
be built up
until their vitality is practicallynormal.
can
the
and
method
of
the quality, kind
on
proportions of feed given, and
feeding.
the
reduce
percentage
from
hatched
should
do his best to
mortality, one
sick.
their
To
dying by preventing
getting
keep
keep his
all
conditions
chicks
and
at
the
well, change or remove
entirely
once
chick
that might bring on
ity.
mortalthat lean toward
cause
causes
or
any
chick
of preventing
This
is the secret
simple
mortality. It seems
who
have
"been
when
from
those
learned
through the mill," but it is an
valuable
time
and
and
labor, if
expensive lesson, costing much
money
An
has
it by sad experience.
of prevention is worth
ounce
one
to learn
tons
of cure!
the
Knowing
chicks
chick
of
causes
from
Diarrhoea.
White
scientists,medical
trying to ascertain
authorities, and practical
of
the
specific cause
been
valuable
diarrhoea.
So
has
white
made, but
far, some
progress
that
is
has
much
malady
regarding the strange
more
yet to be learned
numberless
deaths
of
much
all
While
the
i
poultrymen.
so
by
white
chicks
attributed
to
diarrhoea, it is a question in the minds
are
I luring
the
past
have
poultrymen
of
who
those
actual
that
cause
materially
chick
rtain
same
a
will
will
will
There
Tin
are
hatching
incubation
other
generally
eggs,
and
particularly
at
that
cause
be
their
the
have
is the
diarrhoea
an
mortality,
white
as
in
given
been
and
at
chicks,
of
deaths
known
the
the
these
and
diarrhoea.
early part
time
same
of
white
in evidence.
specific causes
stock;
handling and
and
only
disease
breeding
brooding,
white
whether
accompanying
symptom
the vitality of
the
in reducing
that there
acknowledged,
however,
for
the
chick
several
in
causes
causes
foster
causes
the
or
with
undoubtedly
of
condition
death
It is
also
the
word,
chapter
diarrhoea
aids
disease
this
chicks'
fundamental
causes
In
this
the
it dies.
until
years
been
all
studied
have
of
lew
incorrect
first.
32
of
a
lack
the
white
of
time
feeding
diarrhoea,
they
and
care
are
as
follow
selection
in the
care
kept;
of
the
:
of
faulty
chicks,
In
this
chick
with
general
mortality, the treatment
as
of the causes
of the
prevention, based on a knowledge
disease.
See
that only thoroughly
matured,
healthj breeding stock is
used
been
Do
that have
hatch
to
not
supply the hatching eggs.
eggs
laid by very
cockerels
should
immature
be
used
to
pullets, nor
young
the
in
the breeding
be
head
Hens
that
used
breeding
to
are
pens.
pens
should
If they have
for a maximum
be forced
not
production.
egg
used
been
and
forced, the best of their strength has been
they
so
up,
livable chicks.
Unsound
breed
that will hatch
cannot
lay eggs
strong,
that will take off
white
diarrhcea in the chicks
ing stock will bring on
should
half
be
flock
a
disease,
of
one
in
Enough
the
eggs,
a
has
said
methods
of
given for the
knowledge
start
ing
of hatchchapters about the care
las
formubrooding, and proper
the
cient
feeding of the chicks, to give even
beginner suffi-
to
in previous
incubation
him
enable
to
disease,
general
spread
or
week.
been
and
conditions
prevent
white
will
that
diarrhcea,
or
in
his
be
should
be ever
the lookout
for the first symptoms
on
poultryman
noticed
the
as
are
exceptional conditions
trouble, and as soon
should
causes
and
ascertained
be
is worth
of
tons
at
GROWING
A
chick
handled
raised.
considered
kill
chicken
a
as
it is easy
From
the
care
first ten
the
time
weeks
six
over
fir"tten
the
After
of
it reaches
live
will
age
of
days
chick
the
is three
the
and
age
its life may
weeks
old,
of
It
grow.
six
is
by injudicious feeding
weeks
as
hard
or
poor
days of its life.
is two
chick
a
or
of prevention
ounce
STOCK.
YOUNG
one-quarter
it is practically half raised, and
when
it may
be pretty
roughly treated, yet
to
any
X.
THE
is properly
that
of
cause
cure!
CHAPTER
be
An
removed.
once
apt to
The
flock.
old
weeks
until
it reaches
the
of
age
that will make
flesh.
should
be used
not
to give it food
weeks, care
will
flesh rapidly, and
the
result
During this period chicks will take on
tissue.
This
of bone
and
be too
causes
heavy a body for the amount
legs." If the food is not then
indigestion also, and the chick gets "weak
for
With
die.
ration
a
properly balanced
changed, the chick will soon
without
fair growth
the chicks
a
at this period, they will make
any
six
trouble.
As
chicks
has
at
been
said
all times.
before, the
The
moist
chick
mash
should
mash
should
be
be kept before
the
given the chicks ONCE
first feeding
The
noon.
day only during this period, preferably at
should
be chick
early in the morning
food, well
a
one
inch
of
The
litter.
chicks
should
be
made
scattered
to
work
in
for
at
all
least
the
At
night a more
supply of
grain they get in the morning.
generous
in the litter,of course.
The
be fed
grain may
quantity of grain to be
the condition
of the
fed
and
entirely on
night will depend
morning
the
At
chicks
and
the quantity they consume
readily.
night feeding the
bed
all
to
and
chicks
should
want
satisfied,leaving
just a
they
get
go
little grain in the litter. This
they will dig for early in the morning
half
the quantity that is
About
the attendant
around.
before
comes
must
feeding, but one
use
given at night will suffice for the morning
in this matter.
his judgment
"
Chicks
weeks,
but
should
from
be
then
held
back
until
maturity
in
their development
they
33
cannot
be
for
pushed
the
too
first six
hard.
When
the
changes.
chick
the
All
the
passes
then
food
goes
age
of
six
to
build
up
weeks,
the
without
feeding
its
entire
chick
a
The
tiesh.
much
nature
hence
frame,
chicks
adding
tired of the chick
becoming
feed,
food
The
be
is necessary.
and
following developing
change
a
may
A
he hopper-fed, if necessary.
and
fed morning
night in litter, or may
will
of
certain
of exercise
tint
growth
materially aid the proper
aim.
the
feeding of the grain in litter is preferable.
birds, hence
young
will
stand
also
show,
heavy
very
this
at
that
time,
they
are
Food.
Developing
Cracked
Corn
50
Wheat
!0
Kaffir
Corn
10
Millet
\
2
wheat
2
in carbohydrates
also, hut young
ing
growIt is fed when
the
elements.
heat-producing
for
the chick
the preference
larger grain than
begin to show
the change
six weeks)
ually.
gradthe
feed
making
e or
(at about
ag
feed
with
the chick
This
lie done
by introducing this teed
can
and
deand
gradually increasing the quantity of the developing food
is being
food
feed, until all developing
of chick
nount
of
abundance
food
clippings or sprouted
\n
(either lawn
green
twice
he
should
fed
oats)
day.
every
The
developing
birds
is rich
food
stand
can
more
"
method
This
four
and
four
to
feeding
of
and
laying mash
a
half
are
until
is continued
when
old.
months
the
the
birds
about
become
scratching
mixture
food
substituted.
gradually
Sexes.
the
Separating
In
he separated.
detected,
they should
and
wattles,
begin to develop their combs
six
about
birds
the
or
red
and
become
these
are
rapidly when
verj
oping
in develsomewhat
slower
of age.
The
weeks
are
heavj breeds
seven
is reasonably
one
these
soon
as
distinguishing marks.
Jusl as
lie placed
in colony
and, if
the
however,
pullets should
coops,
sure,
sufficient
If one
lot.
has
not
free
on
a
possible, given
range
grass
afforded
be
as
they should
to
give the pullets unlimited
range,
room
and
be
is
must
supplied them
much
possible,
as
roaming
grass
space
soon
tin
as
light breeds
the
the
an
he
cockerels
in abundance.
should
been
continually be
separated, one
have
and
those
that
defects,
glaring
specimens
poor
The
backs,
crooked
general shape, etc., etc.
tads, hump
such
poor
as
in
be
birds
should
a
separate
pen
put
best-developed male
best-shaped,
killed as
for broilers
and
and
the culls fattened
and
kept for breeders,
two
pounds in weight.
ach about
After
on
a
lookout
To
fatten
thirds
made
the
for
broilers
they should
in
morning.
cracked
floor
to
fed
the
where
ground,
and
will
will
eat
clean
up
of
is composed
The
grain should
litter,as cockerels
little as
possible. At
be
wheat.
there
eat
all they
mixture
This
around
move
all they
lie fed
one-third
and
corn
or
exercise
be
have
cockerels
mixture
grain
on
the
the
is
as
of
34
a
no
moistened
mash
given
should
noon
mixture.
of
two-
be
they
This
mixture
is made
is given
in the
similar
the
to
chick
mixture
for which
(formula
the exception that
fed
another
night they are
mash
with
Chicks"),
chapter, "Feeding
At
is douhled.
quantity of cornmeal
feed.
Green
food
is
liberal feeding of grain, same
in the morning
as
given twice a day.
standard
All pullets that do not
of appearmeasure
ance,
up to a certain
and
he placed by themselves
size and
general good health should
Certain
birds
and
food.
occasionally kept back
given special care
are
of the larger and
in their
development
by being picked on
by some
thus
unable
birds
in the flock, and
to
are
gel sufficient food
stronger
their
for proper
These
antagonists,
birds, if separated from
growth.
sufficient
and
little extra
and
nourishing
attention, plus
care
given
a
it will not
remarkable
be long
food, will frequently make
a
gain, and
fellows
and
returned
lie
with
their
before
can
again on a par
thej are
their original pens.
to
he
should
Pullets
they will
of different
not
put together or
ages
wise
otherand
will pick on
The
the younger
older
ones
do well.
not
ones
and
them.
worn
seriously annoy
he
until
Neither
cockerels
permitted
to
roost
pullets should
nor
the
of
five or
into
the laying house
about
six
(at
they are
age
put
breasl
bones.
months).
Early roosting will result in crooked
the
the
Shade.
Providing
a
so
chickens
While
to
shade
is of prime
importance
stock.
positive necessity to little chicks and young
an
as
debilitating and" enervating to a little chicken
The
if there
runs,
whatever
natural
hanging
make
trees
are
shade
should
any,
there
shade
excellent
he
arranged
so
nothing
of
heat.
include
to
as
it is
ages,
is
low-
small,
and
proximity
close
their
of
because
all
excess
Shrubbery
he.
may
of
There
Where
might
these
absent,
one
however,
plant some
are
ground.
These
quickly.
fruit trees,
and
peach.
particularly plum, apple
grow
of
amount
the
and
to
will make
great
rapid
owing
especially
growth
the droppings
of the chickens.
nourishment
derived
from
is to
for chicks
artificial shade
of providing
excellent
An
method
fall
the
should
previous
be
in
sown
the
runs.
oats
They
or
rye
grow
but
cessful
needed,
will
be
up-to-date, sucshade
their
the
to
spring when
to
the
poultrymen
oats
Rye and
ahead.
it makes
that
in
delight
time
same
shade
on
in
and
they have the
cool ground.
The
shade.
he
to
year
a
thick
so
sown
take
chicks
young
grain, and
excellent exercise
getting
of
advantage
months
may
of
stalks
-the
amongst
out
six
and
height
fair
a
excellent
most
a
running
to
grow
from
planning
always
are
great
at
the
in
the
becomes
time
quickly, and at the same
shade, grow
when
be
which,
ripened,
in
actual
fully
return
seed,
may
results,
excellent
with
especially
during
moderate
quantities
shade
which
excellent
also
make
quickly
vines
time.
Grape
vines
should
he
and
sunflowers
planted
Both
available.
grape
outside
the
make
Sunflowers
yield
an
in
fed
molting
good
the
if
runs,
does
one
chickens
the
want
not
t"i
harvest
the
crops.
small
In
may
the
double
air
underneath
to
a
the
between
great
beating
extent
directly
material
muslin
of
purpose
it to
the
upon
in
are
the
considerably
lowered
light-colored
other
space
that
coops
he
over
and
the
top
outside
and
through
out
heat
into
the
the
stretching
it. leaving
a
reflecting hack
rise
of
most
sun
by
and
of
heat
it.
while
the
direct
day, the temperature
or
piece of muslin
four
to
This
coop.
the
coop.
35
the
a
and
the
rays
six-inch
muslin
permitting
air
of
space
the
air
serves
the
hot
prevents
from
sun
SCIENTIFIC
Though
chickens
yield of different
egg
particular variety one
may
on
commercial
those
for
the
basis,
kept solely
fowls
on
one's
or
table,
own
perhaps
writer
desires
means
large
a
or
from
plant
living, is expected
failure
will inevitably result.
or
For
the
in business
poultryman
or
even
every
by
a
which
the
By
chickens
just
few-
a
and
meat
return,
he
must
eggs
a
except
monetary
a
owner,
no
keeps
yield.
egg
of
flock
every
who
one
maximum
a
varies,
poultry
of
breeds
choose,
Whether
it be
purely as a "hobby."
city lot. kept primarily to supply eggs
and
farm
a
basis
commercial
a
EGGS.
FOR
FEEDING
the
what
matter
XL
II \PTER
(
ten
got-
primarily to supply fresh
i
actual
large egg
sity.
necesyield is an
The
they have
reason
a
poultry plants fail is because
flock of ordinary
the
and
between
the high
margin
a
producers,
egg
of feed
cost
and
is
sufficient
leave
the moderate
yield
not
to
a
egg
livable profit after other
The
ence
differdeducted.
are
necessary
expenses
for
market
and
betw-een
those
the
of
purposes,
number
of
difference
That
a
flock
on.-
tint
that
profit
!0
avi
L30
averages
hens
of
cream
eggs
per
eggs
a
and
year,
constitutes
annum,
pay," and a flock of profitable
supplies "
poultry plant, which
the hens
that
from
lay aim
"don't
a
on
primarily, is gotten
use
very
of
which
between
The
table
hens
flock
the
another
chickens.
for
eating
year.
the
of feeding controls
the egg
quality, quantity and method
is acknowledged
large extent
by all practical poultrymen.
And
that no
be given
for all flocks
single, definite rule of feeding can
is equally agreed- to by all who
chickens.
Each
individual
flock is
keep
unit in itself,and
obtain the best
to
a
requires certain
treatment
sults.
re-
yield
to
a
While
method
no
fundamental
be
observed
laws
of
should
be
and
rules
laws
if maximum
followed
in its entirety, (lure
regarding
results
to
are
be
egg
had.
production
Ignorance
tain
cer-
are
that
must
of
these
thereto, resulting in neglect, will insure
results in general, if it does
not
entirely foster failure.
poor
To
hens
from
attend
must
the details of supplying
to
we
get eggs
all the elements
that
in producing
needed
In
are
by the hen
an
egg.
undertook
the
to
increase
i
place, before
man
laying qualities
from
of a hen
200
of an
to
about
50 eggs
a
250, the making
or
year
Nature
and
of
solely
as
act
planned wa.s
simply
reproduction.
egg
an
Nature
that spring and
decreed
this
should
be the time
early summer
One
should
for many
that anibe accomplished,
mal
reasons.
was
reason
and
of the hen)
is most
vegetable life (i.e.,the sustenance
ful,
plentinature,
uld
as
succulent
easily get
entailed.
fn"m
do
indifference
in its mosl
and
duty
or
Man
few
a
'
i,
closi 1"
sustain
kind
has
been
to
almost
it
was
form,
of
able
the
at
extend
to
entire
to
necessary
this
food, and
twelve
time
of
the
Thus
year.
a
plenty of it, that this extra
this period of reproduction
months
the
observe
of
each
"rules
of
To
year.
the
game"
pi issible.
as
i
of
the
the
life
without
doubt
Whatever
hen.
first
a
of
court
food
i.e.,to
a
hen
last
resort
consumes
for
the
surplus
necessarilj
goes
other
repair and
replace the tissues and
to
furnish
constantly being used
parts of the body that are
bodily
up;
certain
of surplus fat. to be used
warmth,
and
to
in
store
amount
a
up
of
time
It is only after
the normal
special need,
bodily needs
are
other
be
fully supplied that any
can
remaining
to
use.
put
energy
Aside
maternal
from
the normal
instinct, the egg
will be
production
of
small
large in direct
or
proportion to the amount
surplus energy
a
to
in
"
create.
36
t5'i
a
eggs
a
half
from
mineral
the
pound
will
year
of
ash
the
all
from
different
some
other
(both
rich
will
take
hen
he
can
about
leaves
Tin'--
source.
pound and
procured
one
a
pound
grains, which
mortar
the
about
half
the
ration
the
of
part
From
in
shell or
oyster
in which
case
time,
this
of
about
Only
matter.
by keeping
henr,
alone
this production
in
contained
obtained
be
to
use
is
in
plied
sup-
before
the
lime)
of
care
a
generally
the
ing
balanc-
herself.
the
of the situation
tance
imporcan
easily see
one
the
necessity" -of giving the hens
tions
proporproper
that
elements
if a big egg
Hens
needed,
yield is desired.
the
bodies
condition,"
and
in
the
of
same
at
are
keeping their
"pink
topnotch
time
at
making
working
il-are
(sometimes
one
a
day), arc
limited
or
obtained
if a
it were.
Such
results
he
speed, as
cannot
of
fuel
is
improper
variety
given.
"
In
and
this
first place, no
Poor
grain
the
sweet.
he
may
been
fed
is
or
survey
absolute
nay,
nf the
in
and
heated
mold)
it should
fed,
results,
hens
sound
he
of
regardle-s
give
To
so-called
feed
to
;
is
food
give poor
proportions.
what
or
what
matter
will
it
how
has
that
corn
"chicken-wheat,"
which
is good
for
but
is
grain that
nothing,
sometimes
for
thoug
enough
poultry; to feed sweepings
just
the\
of
because
feu
hundred
feed
kind
cost
less; to
cents
a
a
any
is not
and
and
sound
sweet
grain, in fact, that
perfectlj
wholesome,
of the best
and
that the hens
grade or quality, simply means
receiving
don't
such
It is
feed
will be an
"that
ordinary flock of fowls
pay."
the fault of the lieu-, half
much
it is the fault of the owner
not
as
as
is
nothing
if
they
grain,
don't
sh"
burnt
who
lit
pay.
little, is
too
or
than
more
Mints
be
It
is
to
get
undoubtedly
in
From
42
ash,
cent.;
per
table
this
we
(42
carbohydrates
is generally written,
1:4).
ratio for egg
production.
carbohydrates,
cent.;
far
from
the
ideal
get
a
to
expect
While
rations,
the
ration
used
for
of
ratio
fattening
fowls
similar, the changes
persons
use
be
of
unable
to
fowds
the
we
use
give
makes
carbohydrates,
7:;. 2
a
fat-forming
to
a
the
per
ration
glance
is right
growing
for
All
clear
matter
a
in
at
ratio
protein
element.
38
and
results
richer
Thus,
per
1:10"
other
are
nance
mainte-
such
desired.
Many
would
at
is
as
somewhat
are
why,
-lance
1:11.
7.9
a
ration,
Portein,
once:
of
there
ration-
\
reason.
it
as
proper)
it is futile to
stock;
asked
(or,
almost
alone.
the
if
t
Protein,
young
cent.
per
(and
of
quires
re-
hydrates,
carbo-
comparison
to
why
these
to
l
lust
tells
fattening
birds, hut,
satisfactory
"
of
ration,
for
a
in
corn
egg
an
50
I.") to
ratio
a
this
at
according
fatten
weaker
is
ration
market.
made
cent.
per
hen
a
cent.;
per
cent.)
ratio
feeding
life;
for
for
being
meal
corn
meal
corn
1:4
A
is. enough
that
"
A
yield by
egg
nutrients
in
matter,
a
This
cent.
ratio.
egg
maximum
instance:
for
I orn
per
the
(in
has
ration."
tin
is undoubtedly
follows:
analyzes as
This
.
dry
protein
cent.)
per
7 "V 4
that
Protein,
cent.:
per
the
"balanced
a
follows:
2
tin-
is
found
been
that
see
feed
nutrients
necessary
variety to gel good results,
fed
must
grains that are
the
containing
portion
proproper
a
different
A
proportions.
proper
it has
experiments
approximately
as
are
feed
to
yield the
egg
all the
of
with
the
Rations.
necessary
maximum
a
given
From
of
type.
Balanced
but
grain hill by feeding poor
"penny wise and
pound
the
on
perfect example
a
the
6.3
for
ably
proban
per
cent.;
fattening
in carbohydrates
"
in time
might be able
one
experimenting,
time
few
of us
have
that
find a ration
would
be satisfactory, but
to
with
On
the contrary,
in trying such
to
spend
or
experiments.
money
table
of
a
of the science
feeding, and
but
knowledge
elementary
an
little
with
and
sit
down
different
of analyses of the
grains, one
can
theoretical
their
formulate
rations
value,
with
to
certaint} as
difficulty
Such
a
reasonable
and
with
anticipation of achieving the best results.
little
to
leaves
but
guesswork.
course
By
and
long
continued
How
to
Find
the
Nutritive
Ratio.
ratio
of any
ration,
between
tlie
caroohythe
to
multiply
protein, it is first necessarj
times
it is considered
of the clear
fat b;
as
weight
2'4
ause
is then
The
valuable
the digestion as
to
the carbohydrates.
product
added
considered
the carbohydrates,
and
both
to
carbohydrates.
are
as
The
the result is the
into the carbohydrates, and
protein is then divided
is the table
nutritive
ratio.
Thus
he nutrients
laying hen
a
{
fat (or
35
it
written:
find
cent.;
requires, we
Carbohydrates,
per
may
find
To
10
2
cent.
clear fat), 3 per cent.;
cent.:
ash,
protein,
per
per
1"
(about)
the
fat
the ratio, we
tailing
(3
cent.)
7,
multiply
per
the
which
the carbohydrates
(35 per
is added
cent.),
equalling 42
to
its lowest
reduce
the proportion
to
order
In
total carbohydrates.
to
is divided
cent.), giving us the
this 42
by the protein (10 per
terms,
find
To
drates
the
nutritive
fats, and
and
the
"
of
ratio
1.4.
order
in
the
find
to
nutritive
value
of
a
ration,
we
must
know
the
grains. The
following table gives
analysis of the different
in the
the
of
amount
digestible nutrients
principal grain us"
under
included
In this table
the clear
fat lias been
feeding poultry.
the heading
carbohydrates:
chemical
Feed.
Ish.
.
Beef
scraps
66.2
fish
44.1
Dried
Animal
Oil
meal
32.0
meal
Gluten
29.3
meal
Gluten
25.8
feed
Green
cut
1""
L9.4
18.0
me
Peas
Wheat
Middlings
Wheat
bran
Sunflower
L2.2
seeds
12. l
Oatmeal
11.5
Alfalfa
U.O
Wheat
L0.2
Wheat
screenings
~
9.8
Oats
9.2
Millet
8.9
Barley
8.9
Corn
7.9
Buckwheat
7.7
Corn
6.3
meal
Skimmed
milk
2.9
Cabbage
L8
Beets
1.1
Turnips
1.0
9
Potatoes
Kaffir
5.8
corn
39
Skimmed
to
milk,
90
parts water
An
illustration
the
ratio
of
cabbage,
of
the
mixture,
a
and
beets, turnips
from
S5
this
of
use
table, and
the
method
of
finding
follow:
Scratching
Food
Formula.
Lbs.
Cracked
have
potatoes
in 100.
Corn
Prot.
:;:;
33
affii
i
I
16
-i
:;
Sunt1!
Seeds
i\\ er
1
Buckwheat
1
Ratio"]
:
8.3
6133.1
0
?3G
For
'"'.'"'"
instance, we
multiply the quantity (or
parts)
pounds
corn,
tin
the
table
of
"by
proportion of nutrients
according
to
analysis:
of
Protein, 7.9
carbohydrates,
protein
getting the amount
76.4, thus
and
in
the
various
then
total
\\e
all
the
items.
carbohydrates
amounts,
and
divide
the carbohydrates by the protein, giving us
the nutritive
"
"
value
ratio.
or
of
formula
steadfast
and
the
last
lie the
give them,
lie
let
or
treated
like
in
that
In
winter,
the
The
one
for
they
this
when
season,
and
is
the
seeds
one-half.
to
for
the
cui
down
fed
in
and
until
six
or
a
to
must
YOUR
world
vice
ad-
of
hens
should
formula,
as
are
apt
very
It;
lbs.)
it is
addition
and
of
the
take
necessary
the
barley,
days
added
he
not
down
cold
very
may
fat.
accordcut
are
on
case
on
varied
these
warmer,
mer,
sum-
down
cut
is also
to
corn,
the
he
is also
period
Kaffir
or
During
grains
it gets
as
the
20
as
the
eight
not
the
afternoon.
Birds
the
hens
do
it in
appetite improves.
inches
of
lie
the
the
not
the
sionally
occa-
follow
to
ratio
the
is
i
40
or
Of
morning
On
light
use
seem
an
breeds
of
to
and
will
full
one
not
will
judgment
have
a
average,
much
nte
re-
pay
relish
be
quantity should
be
the grain should
raked
spaded into
or
litter, the
course,
it may
be
should
litter,
hens
of
again
Mere
dig after
early in the
fed
he
in
hens.
this.
finds
one
do
should
-unset
every
When
food
With
food
much
a-
profitably.
USE
corn,
buckwheat
and
weather:
before
fed
chickens
"
-it
"
not
:S.l.
more
or
quart
^
scratching
The
hour
they
cracked
producing
quantities given in the
indefinitely.
to
like
respect.
to
each, and
during the moulting
he
doubled.
Barley (about
might
to
variety, but
give a greater
up
year
A
like
or
however,
There's
of
heat
sunflower
of
amount
half
changed
this
the
of
need
not
used,
they
for'
one-quarter
these
the
on
'IV
in
iron-bound,
an
time
slight changes.
do
lie
things
given
was
the
about
moulting
amount
the
cand\
it
hens
must
care
only
with
instance,
of
from
the
in
The
sentence.
amount
somewhat
hut
"
what
the
what
us
eat
children
increased
he
during
them,
that's
VIENT"
should
tell
eaten
followed
lie
whatever.
naturally necessitate
fowls
the
thine,
should
deviation
any
will
observation
little
will
of
condition
kind
any
without
way,
he
made
to
WORK
for
what
Formula
Fond
It might
that the Scratching
fattening
was
a
seem
with
should
mash
be fed in connection
a
ration, but this grain mixture
whole
into a anced
well-balfood.
in its entirety brings the
The
method
Following
ration.
laying
is the
Mash
Laying
formula:
mash
Food
Formula.
Prot.
Corn
meal
Middlings
30
Beef
23
scraps
Wheat
bran
OiL
Carb.
30
15
meal
5
Alfalfa
10
2678.5
Ratio"
This,
as
be
ran
the
ration.
If
5
this
mash
:2.3.
1
with
is used
6189
is
seen,
food,
desired,
so
lower
a
scratching
beef
than
ratio
have
we
when
:4. and
fed
be
ran
scraps
1
egg-producing
increasing the
well-balanced
a
extra,
Wheat
of
absolutely necessary.
proportion
protein, but this is not
in furnishing
the
fowls
continually, is excellent
bran, if kept before
much
of too
the consumption
counteract
to
necessan
bulky food
so
food
concentrated
(grain, etc.).
The
carbohydrates
mind,
surplus
should
one
with
protein,
over
off the
throw
compounding
in
mistake
usual
heat
and
to
balance
try
the
grain
get
the
be
to
in
this
excess
an
will
instance)
i
count.
particular element
that
of
excess
is unable
Keeping
that
so
an
hen
overfat.
ration
for
which
in
is to
that
result
becomes
soon
carbohydrates,
(protein over
by including another
thing
ration
a
the
a
is weaker,
etc.
winter, when
it should
fed
be
to
should
hens
Not
by
more
or
experience
food
the
in
be
slightly
a
fed
be
actions
about
consume
should
in fifteen
mash
believes
writer
The
given
hot.
the
of
one-half
than
have
much
to
mash
will
hens
as
be
the
tity
quan-
Ordinarily, the
1
scratching i
(with avidity)
consume
is left should
What
minutes.
twenty
will teach
much
how
to
one
prepare
about
reckon
themselves.
hens
as
the
will
particularly in
mash,
moistened
One
removed.
each
day.
A
little
Feed
the
noon.
follows:
Take
certain
as
prepared
a
a
an
pail and
equal amount
(in bulk)
has
the
of alfalfa, in another
nothing to do with
pail (this alfalfa
in
the
mash
food
it is in excess
of that).
alfalfa
already
quantity of
is poured
alfalfa
the
better)
(which
the
on
Hot
water
(the hotter
it
is
saturated.
About
until
soaks
thoroughly
one
large quantity),
a
up
The
mash
quantity of the
food
mash
should
be
in
mixture
"
is sufficient for
of water
quart
allowed
to
and
covered
steam,
three
on
of
quarts
the
back
of
alfalfa.
the
stove,
The
for
alfalfa
about
is
half
added
and
is then
to
thoroughly
in the alfalfa
is just
quantity of moisture
that is, when
mixture
is taken
a
some
about
crumbly
right to make
when
hand
the
is
and
into the hand
squeezed, it will crumble
away
should
when
the
mash,
circumstances
Under
fed, be
no
opened.
proficient in the
one
or
"mucky"
sloppy. A little practice will make
an
hour.
mixed
The
with
dry
mixture
mash
this alfalfa.
The
"
amount
of
water
to
be
put
on
the
alfalfa,
41
so
that
when
the
dn
mash
is
added
the
entire
little red
winter
a
should
be
omitted
clippings
lawn
the
Little
the
"chickens'
same
three
the
but
In
red
In
pepper
fresh-cut
summer
.
the
aboul
medicine"
daily
times
consistency.
proper
added,
warm.
grows
charcoal
"
keeping
of
before
the
"
Fresh
saying."
"goes withoul
Warm
heading.
(tepid i water
this
be
can
food, in place of the alfalfa, and then
green
the
tened
either
slightlymoiswithout
alfalfa,
fed
said
been
has
the
of
be
salt
for
be
can
entirely drj
or
and
tfi" weather
as
fed
are
food
mash
will
mixture
pepper
in
tin
should
all
at
the
bens
as
the
under
two
should
water
pure
and
tunes,
thing
given
be
cool,
Fresh,
winter.
fowls
another
is
water
-hells,
grit, oyster
or
he
supplied
frequently in summer.
of
in the
The
stimulating compounds
feeding oi poultry is
use
much
will
tolerate
in
less
old
something
poultrymen
never
experience
well
said:
"A
out
has
A prominent
to
advise.
going
man
poultryman
than
feed.''
him
take along with
feed
his flock needs
to
more
judgment
of
that
Small
is the judgment
produces eggs
(temporarily)
by the use
fair number
of
is
like
that
A
ben
is laying a
ulants.
piece
a
eggs
if the
mism.
When
speed is further
high rate,
at
running
will
added,
hot"
and
;ed and
something
get
greater
pressure
"
.
!
snap
Xol
is
only
the
naterialh
present
lowered
d
H
caum
"i
si
the
be
m
"
GET
TO
A
of
state
stimulants,
of
use
(owls'
the
vitality
the
but
replaced.
CHAPTER
HOW
ensuing
shortly
or
by
XII.
MAXIMUM
YIELD
EGG
IN
WINTER.
To
when
is
the price oi eggs
months,
during the winter
get eggs
de
highest, thus bringing in the greatest
net
profit, is the ardent
this as
nary
extraordiSome
heart.
on
poultryman's
people look
an
every
somehow
feat, spoken
but
of by many,
accomplished
only by a
that
who
the temerity
Those
have
to
getting
lucky few.
they ARE
say
December
fair egg
in
November,
January,
yield during October,
or
eternal
that
to
frequently
"Getting
eggs?"
question:
are
reply
any
after
of
the
Ananias
(dull.
all,
But
eligible members
as
upon
all
if
is
had
but
be
not
impossibility,
to
they
an
can
gef winter
eggs
of the
first know
"rules
observed.
the
Naturally, one
must
game"
are
followed.
before
"rules"
be
thej can
be
of
An
act
naturally
reproduction, it would
being an
pected
exegg
Man
but
be accomplished
to
solely as nature
originally decreed,
(with
has
and
lit to
nature
on
seen
big capital "M")
try to improve
a
time
in the
of
succeeded
that
far
the
has
reproduction
apparently so
from
its original f"eriodof a
lew
chickens
extended
has
been
until
it
embraces
all
and
twelve
the
months
now
early summer,
spring
m
of
Man
lias gotten
thus
the
months
of
far ahead
But
though
year.
i
Nature,
the
it
he
were,
must
turn
ever
back
he
The
natural
of
time
most
reproducing
is bright
everything
bugs,
when
summer,
and
worms
profusion,
Therefore,
the
when
cannot
various
it is
and
obey
at
least
of
some
change,
hi' finds
am.l
m
as
laws
kinds
other
warm
poultrykeeper
and
who
of
animals
and
desires
42
eggs
for
in
during
spring
and
when
green,
abound
nourishment
succulent
comfortable
is
fresh
both
winter"
old
and
that
young.
is. forces
reproduction at
musl
profit by
like
in
summer,
believing
poultryman
hen
the
that
That
maximum
warm,
hens
they
comfortable
exercise
and
are
cold,
if
bodily
to
word
chickens
etc.,
beef
this
not
are
scraps,
does
of
care
toward
the
egg
naturally get in summer
easily duplicated in
As
the
bone,
etc.
ground
to
apt
hen
the
duction.
pro-
the
in
be
may
winter
by
hen
must
for
far)
grasshopper,
bug,
long and
one
or
a
small
only gets a comparatively
supply in the aggregate during a
should
with
discretion.
the rich beef
be fed
sparingly and
scraps
(sometimes
chase
left
its
to
for
good
in
To
choice,
own
it, much
preference
hen
a
as
may
this
of
more
would
child
a
eat
itself
gorge
food
and
day,
If
than
if
candy,
is
sible,
pos-
bread.
to
in winter,
must
provide the
one
get eggs
often
This
is quite
overlooked,
item, so
exercise.
rich
with
in
food;
green
taking
energy
the
of
they lay
that
in
this
dry,
sufficient
of
rain,
a
is
that
led,
One
than
means
summer
place
can
the
worms,
commercial
in
hen
well
plenty
when
available
be
to
the
practical
eggs
A
summer
they have
out
during
All
of
laying.
from
in
eggs
energy
by
all
afforded
winter,
of
otherwise
housing
quarters.
is. warm,
keep
into
by
that
"
winds
cannot
being
quickly.
much
food
insects,
or
more
therefore,
and,
animal
The
.iff
box
near
bluff, the
the
large number
that
happens
a
draughty
comfortable;
from
so
is
hen
receipts.
egg
fostered
acknowledged
get
to
the
imitation,
the
is
as
rails
good
result.-.
best
winter
bluff
hen
of
winter
the
many
dry
use
wants
shape of
supplying
in
biting
so
wet
will
but
have
not
lay
they are
and,
warm,
take
of
simply
hens
is that
winter
forth"
the
the
gel
make
must
mighty
coo),-
sense
cold,
the
so
that
reasons
full
the
from
protected
yield
coop
any
in
damp,
kept
are
in
in
He
when
a
quite impossible
roost
to
and
detriment
the
to
egg
It is
have
when
or
to
dry, comfortable
poultrymen.
the
and
to
year"
ran.
furnish
winner,
the
nature
he
as
summer,
able
be
off
a
in
hens
is
of
from
phases,
its
all
must
learns
he
winter
comes
time
unnatural
an
what
sufficient
with
hens
important
as
the
as
both
It is essential
to
feeding of the hens.
large egg
production and
health
the general good
liens
of the
fowls,
that
fed
grain on
are
a
hard
that they can
floor, so
having to work
pick it up easily without
Such
for it, will not
will
lib up
for their keep.
birds
their crops
pay
in the morning
and
id'
remain
the
the
most
roosts
on
day.
Proper
will not
in line condition,
will
exercise
but
give the
only keep the hen
various
in
of the bird
the necessary
vitality to produce
eggs
organs
sufficient
when
fair quantities. The
of affording
best method
exercise,
confined
the
in the coops,
the fowds
are
long
day after day, throughout
the
is to
winter
feed
months,
grain mixture
(scratching food, as it is
litter
This
should
in
litter.
least six
be
ai
frequently called)
deep
inches
deep,
breaks
up
the
As
into
to
time
feeding
food
When
exercised
one
can
good
putting
not
their
other
filled with
to
overcrowd
coop
and
they
will
are
apt
to
trouble
which
This
their
winter
birds.
It
roost
and
be
43
is
the
straw
be
added
first.
at
break
will
time-
from
fowls
of
in
is
quarters
mistake
at
the
litter
for
what
tells
fore-
This
to
means
eradicate.
down
the
have
then
night
at
think
to
and
go
should
care
a
coming
upon
hard
inches
digging
"singing"
closely
to,,
cold.
which
instance,
ten
number
should
forty
but
to
eggs!
the
take
will
a
.see
into
sweat,
undoubtedly
can
thereafter)
china
for
straw,
eight
grain,
straw
to
delight.
than
bens
the
the
time
some
"singing"
and
for
pleasant sight
where
put fifty birds
birds
Then
the
results.
winter:
the
a
rye
from
full-length
for
(and
litter
more
It
be
should
this
in
of
composed
depth
pieces, and
is really
short
nests
it is
scratch
hens
time.
their
if
and
easily, this
on
in
the
the
starting
floor
of
be
that
as
cold
of
ease
dis-
Another
principal requirement
foundation
good
stock.
of
laws
from
truck
horse
stock;
parent
tin.re
must
layers
ire,
we
and
whose
and
hatched
in
why
simply
many
batched
the
before
mature
the
changeable
un-
race
layers from
lay in winter,
winter
good
are
winter
lay before
to
that
generations back
early so that they
have
to
of
will
that
stock
parent
for
cannot
chickens
get
is
eggs
one
to breed
expect
breed
winter
to
expect
To
condition
line
would
from
chicks
the
chick
then
breed
getting winter
like is
produces
""ne
"
stuck?
ancestors
Gel
layers.
for
like
Xi
nature.
summer-laying
i (
That
have
may
comes
winter
ter
win-
been
be
well
on.
A
comes
tured
ma-
late
and
on,
cold
and
the
growth
development
slowly during
progress
very
until after
the ben
is
weather, egg
laying -imply lias to be deferred
thus
she
starts
quite matured,
bringing it well toward
spring before
off early, and
laying. I'\ getting the hatches
quickly, and successfully
the
in winter
will
the
of
chances
stock,
maturing
getting eggs
young
be increased
cent.
fifty per
as
It is
the
mistake
a
armmd
this
same
wei
or
reason
aid
drink
quite
to
they require clean
thing in the morning
which
water
has
birds
The
water.
first
thing
emptied and
in
scratched
fed
are
at
lor
the
of
the)
ready
to
go
This
in the
laying
of
more
attribute
sense
winter,
hens
rive
up
beer
at
of
that
in
eggs
if eggs
are
to
of
he
of
some
bad?
oi
the
of
chickens,
is left.
This
doesn't
kind
Green
44
to
hut
and
he
he
can
birds
see
he
wish
a
should
Some
in
less
roasting
morning.
fed,
that
in
probably
use
and
done
food.
run
note
to
he
green
new
is
one
want
it is
after
of
winter
and
will
thing
grain.
wrought.
course,
the
the
you
you
it, and
on
have
the
if
matter
summer
roots,
litter
or
completed,
into
grass
Then
summer.
food
green
early
chickens
the
blade
single green
a
is
even
if they
to
enough
about
this, for a
large
Do
it in egg-making.
that
same
warm
should
When
little time
some
least,
in
by
eaten
for
with
drink
to
a
the
warm
first
little
founts
dirt
not
months,
The
large baking or
first thing in the
into
warm
filled
a
want
water
been
This
grain.
evening's quota
inches
the
change
scratched
has
scarcely
or
heat
from
far
far,
of
four
carpet
wonderful
tin
been
the
with
hut
number
warm
needs
grain
put
to
oven
the
this
morning
Last,
Oi
hold
relish
birds
the
in
placed
grain will
up
sure
has
the
be
should
This
is
it
will
hot
be
inspected
probably
will
frozen
night
take
house,
to
morning.
hen
or
the
for
work
the
get
will
when
by drinking,
this
no
In-
Be
the
should
water
that
there
the
and
pick at snow
healthy birds.
to
the
the
day.
the
But
warm
another.
as
seem
should
noon,
hens
and
pan,
of
to
fowls
by adding
it
night
jars
For
winter
supply
to
during
founts
They
tilled in
water
is
time
one
placed
so
is water,
egg
morning.
the
or
are
filled at
remainder-
the
the
When
has
the
good
and
eggs
the
over,
before
the
make
in
turned
permitted
While
appreciation of
At
stand
yield.
dry and
warm.
keep itself
as
from
time.
same
birds
egg
place in
winter
or
taken
morning.
the
noon,
cent,
lasl
not
the
at
at
jars
their
the
be
one
water.
winter
the
much
chill
show
refilling. When
need
per
in
water
the
will
\"j"j(\ is offered
if
a
had
as
the
during
circulating
ground.
ice-cold
during
water
to
yield in
egg
bens
if
the
not
are
ground
wet
continually
to
hen
a
wet
upon
the
water
ye::
used
are
expect
large
a
much
as
to
cold,
is
should
pens
that
or
giving
of
instead
slush
or
that
provided they
being cooped up,
question
Another
water,
liens
damp,
of the
quite out
in snow
standing
the
of
the
on
surprising, and
seriously affect
is
will
it
floor
out
blood
hens
ground
the
become
mind
not
the
cold
wet,
on
hens
of
amount
legs of
the
through
let the
to
The
winter.
a
of
90
than
few
the
per
a
Put
has
a
days
grass
cent.
week
is simply another
important
it appeal to one*s
common
be
positively MUST
supplied in
food, besides being a bulky food,
instances
these
men,
the
buy
stores
would
but
best
of
A market
producer.
will
and
poultryman,
average
Clubs
and
hospitals use
a
of the
best
quality. The
very
for
good
If
the
of
treatment
to
new-laid
get
mission
com-
.ureal
eggs
sanitariums
numerous
troubles
nervous
must
be
throughout
the
these
and
eggs,
many
offer
tuberculosis
and
a
market.
prices
as,
the
the
from
get
can
directly from
be
worked
this kind
easily
by the
can
up
highly profitable.
prove
the
country
they
eggs
delighted
be
if
produce
one
can
for
them,
his
than,
greater
not
fancy
profit
at
could
be
net
for
eggs
the
retail
a
of
end
obtained
the
from
getting
market,
year
will
any
other
be
top
great
of
branch
as
busim
To
build
up
for
retail trade
a
produce eggs
superior quality;
desirable
customers.
keeps
poultryman
know
business
that
satisfied
a
table
select
of
it is
customer
of
must,
one
eggs,
the
merit
on
of
course,
these
Those
who
do
is the
best
kind
that
direct
a
of
the
retail
adver-
an
ient.
is the
method
of preparing
point in marketing
eggs
half
with
dirt
and
of
covered
four
three
or
delivery. Eggs
from
All
different
far
colors,
and
sizes
dirt
attractive.
are
shapes,
be
with
cloth
from
table
should
wiped
damp
a
fancy
carefully
eggs
until they are
a
well-nigh spotless. They will dry quickly if placed on
important
An
t hem
fur
cloth
or
size
no
and
sent
All
yolked
that
to
next
In
ones.
contain
rejected
thus
are
be
into
put
small
a
should
blood-spots
be
can
used
at
nor
one.
the
highest
the
eggs
makes
all
the
when
impression
egg
customer
the
opens
The
week
carton
if
day
every
\~
unfavorable
and
box.
tions,
fax
the
atiest
chicks
come
and
properly
Under
such
shipped
and
with
or
it
that
strides
the
found
has
from
strong,
boxed
well,
and
and
the
they
summer
obtain
produced.
the
repay
be
must
held
be
a
tributed
dis-
be
must
sale
of
wide-awake
stock,
and
is
assumed
now
made
It
sides.
distance
safety
even
been
all
healthy
the
comfort
for
in
has
have
on
to
circumstances
production
source
value.
great
the business
of
branch
this
origin,
but
of
grade
the selling of
profit to the poultryman,
of
recent
comparatively
Though
and
revenue
of
is
chicks
fresh,
boxing
and
two.
or
of
source
a
day-old
considered
siill be
and
would
one
cleaning
be
may
eggs
should
be
not
egg
between
light
two
sold,
be
in
be
double-
are
discarded.
favorable
a
should
eggs
that
any
packing.
ously,
promiscu-
and
with
the number
neatly labeled
farm
where
of the
they were
the
if.
and
poultry
name
eggs
than
this
from
practice will more
Tlie
advertising received
that
be
said
need
It
small
of
scarcely
cost
eggs
printing.
In winter
earliest possible date.
the
delivered
they may
at
The
the
"
for
cartons
large
A
between
difference
the
cartons
eggs
small
be
home.
should
eggs
little care
A
in
the
dark-shelled
a
sound
only neat,
price for them.
word,
a
get
first
they
selecting
in
used
be
should
or
rough, thin-shelled
very
should
be carefully tested, and
eggs
that
or
packed
should
care
lie packed
satisfactory.
most
spotted,
no
out.
the
being
circumstances
should
dry
when
dozen
one
onsiderable
"
Under
and
tray,
wire
holds
that
the
is
necessary
that
and
hold
a
market
few
past
they
day-old
which
enormous
in
years
the
that
be
of
chicks
hatched
this
kind.
may
be
surprising.
hatching
eggs
poultryman
makes
through
another
which
ative
remuner-
he
may
for
The
prices.
prices received
poultry products at good
greatly, according to the
or
either
day-old chicks
vary
hatching eggs
strain.
exhibition
tising
Adverit is a utility strain
an
or
whether
slock' and
orders
than
one
will usually bring more
local poultry
papers
in
this
demand
better
known,
of
becomes
stock
fill,and as the quality
car,
the
with
increase
enlarging of the plant.
will
market
his
46
While
is largely compelled
whatever
to
ket
one
price the maraccept
paying for broilers, at the time they are
sold, early broilers will
is another
in
strong"argument
naturally bring the best prices. This
favor
oi getting the chicks
hatched
The
early.
price received
average
for fancy broilers, in the open
market,
about
July 1st, is 38 to 40 cents
Around
pound.
By July 15th this price has dropped to 30 cents.
per
the first of August
it is 2:. cents,
and
10th it is only about
by August
the best prici
20
This
where
cents
clearly indicates
pound.
per
lie.
To
families
of
dispose
broilers
is, of
profit
to
private
greatest
is
remunerative.
most
course,
The
(if it be
one)
of getting
highest prices is to have
Al
not
quality must
to the
only be brought
be religiously kept there,"with
standard, but it must
deterioration
no
line of business
In every
whatsoever.
and
there is now,
always will
for the BEST
far exceeds
that
One
be, a demand
the supply.
does
seek
for poultry products"
have
market
to
\\ hy
not
it is waiting.
a
be satisfied with
ordinary goods and ordinary prices? Keep only the
at" first
and
best stock
little more
cost
get the best prices. It may
a
this basis, but soon
the added
to
than
receipts will more
get on
enviable
leave
matters
and
an
profit besides.
up
secret
The
highest-qualitygoods.
CHAPTER
SELECTING
The
pen
AND
MATING
selection
careful
will
than
more
XIV.
of
repay
THE
the
birds
one
for
that
BREEDERS.
to
are
time
the
the
into
go
ing
breedNot
taken.
trouble
and
from
only is it decidedly advantageous
points of view, but it is
many
increase
if one
the vigor and
maintain
to
absolutely necessary
expects
for
the egg
As
the principle reason
yield of his flock.
mating up special
is to
pens
get
fertile
it is also
eggs,
look
to
necessary
the
to
fact
livable chicks, and
hatch
tinued
conimproper
matings will not
strong,
flock of
will
from
inferior
breeding
quickly run
any
matings
fine chickens
than
into worse
poultry
mongrels.
Every large successful
in charge
understand
because
breeding, and
plant is successful
those
have
definite
which
method
a
closely in mating
they follow
up their
"Hit-or-miss"
poultry
on
breeding pens.
breeding is inexcusable
any
it is inexit is run
cusable
for pleasure or
means
plant, whether
profit. That
that
all times.
at
is -elffor breeders
selecting the best males
whethei
and
the breeding pen,
results,
the qualities the male
to
ill,will be in direct proportion
or
pos
in the breeding
Poor
males
not
results, from
using inferior
pen,
may
later
be noticed
but a year
at
two
or
they will become
apparent.
once,
the
harm
before
Considerable
labor
be expended
will then
have
to
importance
The
evident.
that
has
In
The
male
been
done
choosing
requisites
every
of
is half
birds
bird
eradicated.
be
can
for
the
should
breeding
possess
of
one
pen.
is GOOD
the
important
most
HEALTH,
and
ful
plenti-
a
difference
make
vitality. It should
supply of "red-blood"
no
its
is
color
bird
what
comb
a
or
or
a
shape
perfect
or
possesses
of general
fine points, a |
health
should
it from
disbar
r
state
used
a
breeder.
a
as
disease
disease
and
springy To
time
seemed
remains,
will
be
use
and
birds
banking
make
should
It
have
to
such
as
up
a
bird
difference
if
will
that
for
47
the
transmit
have
one's
had
self
bird
taint
tendency
roup
in
the
The
entirely rcovered.
breeders
trouble
no
at
direct
to
how
other
being
has
had
of
the
the
off-
previous
any
proportion to
Any hen that has had diarrhoea
this deadly disease
the
transmit
to
offspring, through the egg, and
that are
result will be a large proportion
of youngsters
sickly and
The
breeders
chosen
birds
health
of
excellent
in
as
requisite
be
it
controls
to
tent
exlarge
a
too
strongly emphasized,
as
very
that
will
be
the results, and, in many
failure,
the
or
success
cases,
the
number
will
the
puny.
cannot
achieved
in
The
the
The
of
"Boss
in
the
from
fillher
general
Naturally,
chosen
well
this
By
il shape;
white
shanks
feathers
where
in
then
of
birds
items
nee
should
should
from
what
such
birds
disbar
not
only greatly mar
with
seriously interfere
Of
chicks.
late-hatched
size
vigor
and
little
a
that
the
are
offspring.
and
over
give
not
maximum
a
quite
that
chicks
the
breed,
through
little
a
will
the
for
passed
two
are
hatchability.
ami
large
male
cannot
year
a
""\er
hens
with
both
used
are
amount
Poultrymen
produce
firsl
he
ma\
tures
this
mating
in
mature
years
bird
Such
one's
llock,
eggs,
or
of
but
will
day-old
bruised
a
the
defects
or
wattle.
bird, would
another
with
the
time
that
used
are
he
well-matured.
well
results
breeders
the
si/e
of
Breeding
desired
resort
results.
to
female
vs.
Inbreeding.
that
mated
grown,
excellent
the
sufficient
Males
year.
and
as
of
be
and
following
early hatched
old, will
give
Females
the
from
out
pens.
should
female,
and
what
is known
This
is breeding
as
closely related, that possess
the
then
taking
sought, and
and
comb
torn
some
flopped
breeder.
a
as
if
old.
of
fight
breeders
as
frequently
certain
a
or
in
should
tility
fer-
be
the size
largely governs
A
of
mating
or
yearling hens,
pullets that have
their first laying period
finished
(i.e.,when
they
cock
mated
with
bird,
old),
a
two-year-old
year
fertilityas the mating just described, but
good
as
will
be exceptional^
and
hatched
a
strong
possess
of
vitality.
for
Line
to
as
use
in
hatching
stock,
vice
or
sprigs"; black
fact, any
startling
standard
the
appearance
of
tails;
"side
breeding
the
be
not
wry
hones:
--ticking
and,
in
c
birds
he
to
these,
good
defects
bird's
a
breeders,
The
of
mar
none,
from
sale
exterior
such
least
the
Very
as
breast
called
found
is
the
the
such
course,
resulting from
he
plumage-
whit':
will
in
should
when
comb
breed,
"
yellow are
desired,
bay'or brown
where
a
single
are
meant
color
combs
bright red"
a
activity.
red
is
comb
serious
defect
any
such
shortcomings
from
is
males
ward
propensities tovitality in a
business-like
of
greenish or grayish-colored eye
backs
crooked
is preferable;
or
where
he
should
upright; points
they
versa;
other
not
Her
that
suffering
breeders.
as
title
the
weaker
her
usually shows
crop.
appearance
birds
combative
their
in
naturally
is on
health.
She
the
good
general
for the last piece of grain
scratching
night,
is
all the
best
to
his
turn
by
as
until
able
female
The
overcrowded
already
her
and
be
sometimes
will
reflected
is
"the
will
lie
health
birds'
are
pink of condition"
generally succeed) to achieve
(and
try
attendant!
yield, as
morning
egg
move
to
lie
the
in
arc
Ranch."
and
the
even
"
will
the
pen,
used.
so
of
that
birds
male
of
are
condition
All
active.
that
future.
general
appearance.
larg
birds
of
crossing
these
with
the
far
best
parent
"line
as
birds,
breeding"
which
at
possible the particuof the
offspring from
as
stock.
As
line
breeding
become
clearly defined, and
desired
should
more
proceeds, the results
year)
point each
(by losing one
relationship) of the birds mated
the
the
natural
while
farther
vitality
and
farther
apart,
continually grows
(lock
of the
steadily improves.
48
birds
that are
lated,
closely reis mating
contrary,
the offspring to mate
together again, this
the evil
second
first and
For
the
after
years
continuing year
year.
be
nol
the
method
be)
case
as
effects of such
may
(or neglect,
may
a
the
fourth
by
noticeable.
The
third
positively
or
particularly
year,
Inbreeding,
the
on
permitting
then
and
itself. The
will clearly show
vitality of the stock
will
after bird
and
bird
of diseases,
subject to all kinds
The
yield will fall
die from
ill and
slight causes.
egg
become
very
far
tween,
beand
few
will be
low
point. Fertile
eggs
rapidly to a very
it.
time
of
hard
usually
will have
that do hatch
a
the chicks
and
to
of growing
turity
mapoorly developed, and their chances
being scrawny,
decidedly small.
are
birds
closely
in line breeding one
begins with
one
some
says,
is
first
the
closely
be
true.
Usually
not
pair
This
related.
or
may
may
the
and
because
most
fully the points desired,
related,
they possess
birds
unrelated
sometimes
two
can
But
knows
their "past."
I
start
to
sufficient similarity in the points desired
be procured that have
the
first
where
But
even
This
is, of course,
preferable.
the strain.
is
the
female
in
offspring
line
related,
breeding
are
pair of birds
crossed
with
th"
is
male
and
the
sire,
offspring
with
the
crossed
Thus
inal female.
point in relationship is already lost. Ever;
a
of crossing, the relationship is lost, point by point, and
by this method
from
results
the first inbred
mating hardly i
of bad
the danger
spring
the offfirst
is
mated,
and
the
In
pair
inbreeding
comes
apparent.
birds
are
again
the offspring of these
together, and
is mated
but
close
that
none
so
mated
together, the relationship continuing
year,
the
lowered
flock
will
be
"
the
effects
worst
How
besl
Naturally,
layers or
one
hundred
had.
be
can
Select
to
it is desirable
to
the
Laying
breed
from
Hen.
those
liens
that
the
are
the laying
offspring of tine layers, so as to improve
It is impossible
tell exactly just
to
Qualities of the flock generally.
which
birds
the best
nests
some
are
or
layers in a flock unless
trap
show
will immediately
similar
device
has
been
used.
This
the
up
has
To
from
breed
hen
that
a
good layers, as well as the drones.
in a year
will be
spring
laid two
hundred
likely to produce offmore
eggs
hundred
if hens
laid onl}
that
class than
that will be in the two
to
a
and
in
layers
the
last
entire
to
bird
to
make
to
hunt
A
long
If
such
to
large
it is
a
this
are
year
a
used.
is applicable
law
"Like
to
like"
begets
of
matings
the
to
the
for
whether
egg
feed
"
is usually
has
choose
whether
or
as
a
a
broad,
breeder,
and
night,
at
roost
more
body
bird
perhaps insufficient time to trapthe
better
are
quite possible to tell which
alone.
A
good layer will generally be
flock
appearance
go
little difference
hen
best
a
flock,
their
from
It makes
food
has
one
the
in
eggs
and
extent,
particular.
Where
nest
twenty
large
very
poultry
the
the
and
low
that
in
the
morning.
the
hen
the
wants
of
the egg
compels
growth
"hustler."
a
layer is always
the
the
excellent
an
first off
the
figures
one
indication
of
good
a
is undoubtedly
the
surely improve
fluff she
will
and
layer.
of
one
the
yield.
egg
pacity,
calarge crop
A
bright eye, bright red
essential
production.
to
so
good egg
plenty of activity
comb,
legs set well apart, general good health, and
Close
will "produce
the goods."
that a hen
indications
all sure
are
enable
to
birds
will soon
one
pick his best
study of the individual
She
should
also
have
large, broad
a
breast,
indicating
_
layers without
precludes any
the
aid
of
possibility
of
nests,
trap
doubt.
49
though
the
use
of
the
latter
the
When
should
one
proper
well
feed
is given, and
other
conditions
favorable,
are
in breeding
a
large flock that will average
hundred
and
The
fifty eggs
a
year.
average
egg
little trouble
have
above
one
yield of the poultry in
farms,
etc., is less than
flock
the
a
contrary,
Australia, laid
for
each
but
is the
view.
six
eggs
one
hens!
of
that
States,
an
"
pen
shows
what
definite
a
265
eggs
accident,
in
purpose
with
done
be
can
about
haphazard
a
properly fed,
bred,
properly
of
average
is not
breeding with
a
careful
kind
is
recent
a
year
Such
the
including that kept on
And
year!
per
yet, on
held in
egg-laying contest
hen
per
hens, in
in
this
of
stock
foundation
six
result
direct
record
A
cared
the
United
eighty
L,589 eggs
of
one
of
the
properly
and
for.
When
who
Mate
to
the
Pen.
Breeding
from
chicks
early hatched
winter-laying birds
their breeding pens
profitable ones)
usually mate
up
about
the first of the year,
of Februarj
at the
certainly by the middle
latest.
As
from
the eggs
a
sufficiently fertile to
run
mating will not
much
chicks
before
his
hatch
ten
mates
days or so, if one
strong
up
in January
he should
be
able to begin
breeders
about
the first week
If he
for hatching
of the month.
about
the middle
sets
saving eggs
weeks'
after two
the first of February, he
accumulation, or about
i
fine lot of youngsters
have
should
before
the first
a
running around
Those
(and
of
these
are
desire
the
With
March.
and
care
proper
chicks
these
feeding
should
mature
As
the older hens
ning
beginSeptember.
are
this time, the eggs
moult
about
laid by those
to
early hatched
at
just the right time to fill in the gap that is made
pullets will come
of eggs
in the egg
hens.
by the moulting
yield by the non-production
in the latter part of February
who
fear
that
Those
the pullets hatched
will moult
after
obviate
danger of this by
laying for a while, can
any
in the
weeks
three
before
about
hatching
two
they start
waiting
or
spring.
and
first of
the
lay by about
CHAPTER
HOW
TO
To
get
well, it
the
time
GET
a
is best
winter,
or
FERTILE
better
keep
to
XV.
percentage
the male
least
at
for
of
fertility,and
birds
about
from
away
two
EGGS.
HATCHABLE
AND
three
or
that
eggs
the
will
batch
all during
previous to the
females
weeks
bird more
give the male
the
hens
attentive
when
together,
to
they run
vitality; he will be more
will be a greater
number
of
and
the result
strongly fertilized eggs.
fifteen birds,
If possible, it is best to have
that accommodate
about
pens
in
When
will
males
two
this
necessitate
not
two
one
putting
as
pen.
continual
of
females,
it will cause
males
together with a number
run
with
the
and
this seriously interferes
them,
fighting between
proper
serious
injury to
fertilization
of tin
It is also liable to cause
who
off
fellow
males
their fighting, and
the
from
comes
of the
one
best
will be
second
continually "nagged"
by his superior, rendering
him
with
same
the
matings
almost
one
pen
are
useless.
male
with
than
to
More
with
be
made.
fertile
twenty
This
eggs
hens
them.
50
will
will
that
be
have
had
two
from
male
a
dozen
birds
hens
in
the
It is decidedly
the male
from
birds
one
large
extent,
The
ten
the
active,
be
as
too
many.
more
into
the
the
results
best
birds
the
will
be
males
obvi
fertilized.
male
one
to
thi
get
in
frrsl
the
pen
is in
will
be
the
the
in
not
p
le and
wh
a
pudding
birds
female
many
to
kept
particularly active,
are
hatches
second
or
in
will
male
one
from
once
of
proof
too
with
changed
hens
if they
the
above
and
the
on
females
are
the
from
so,
are
the
the
they
need
way
to
breeders
no
food
meat
some
t\x-"\ these
beef
in
om
Lfely put
eating,"
best guidi
the
pen.
-
the
fertility and
should
fed
be
of
quantity
and
the
bone.
give the birds a liberal
sufficient
usually contains
the birds
continually
is to
This
scraps.
govern
food
forcing
things
two
also
will
get
While
eggs.
commercial
ol
with
put
and
sixteen
or
'The
the
that
hatchability ui
The
By changing
tin
e.
feed
supply
be
can
given
there
is inactn
breeders,
or
pen.
of
judge_whether
The
apart
than
breeding
to
better
be
indefinite
an
attention
pay
extent.
will
breed
male
week
a
hens
two
the
taken
for
seclusion
male
that
the
fifteen
as
If
sionally,and
and
case
many
that
for
hens
"quality" of the male
it might
be safe
to
heavy birds together,
should
females
male
to
giv
sults.
one
ictory re'more
IK
which
of the
a
lighter breeds,
twelve
or
In
of
will
and
less
or
more
eggs
hens
of
number
on
depend
all the
Grouping
bird.
that
resulting in
will
results
"favorites"
getting fertile eggs
occasionally. After
another
number
a
of
matter
to
pen
frequently, this trouble
another
to
pen
the
one
with
has
been
male
a
running
period, he will select a few
neglecting the others to a
from
in
advantageous
change
to
is kept before
fed
should
Beef
be
nol
they need.
only what
scraps
I the
spasmodically, however, as this will upset the digesl
be before
the bn
should
Bulb
food
bran)
birds.
(mash
or
hens.
should
be given the
all times.
food
Plenty of succulent
green
in
of
such
fed
lawn
'Mils
be easily
clip
i
can
by giving plenty
alfalfa,
feeding
as
by growing
(sprouting)
steaming
ways
forth.
so
cabbages, beets, and
bone,
ground
wnl
food
consume
scratching, food
The
A
had.
be
to
are
lack
hatchability in
poor
hen
the
gets
chaff
the
A
or
caring
maximum
litter
than
any
TO
if
d,
kind
The
males.
is
will
lav.
to,,
none
fertile
infertility and
lore
she
eggs"
e
more
Eight
much
in
in
which
to
in
in
with
XVI.
CHAPTER
HOW
in
exercise
inattentive
fertile
of
fed
be
for the breedit
md
choosing the birds
of keeping
tl
the matter
to
especial attention
properly, will give surprising result
feeding them
that will hatch
yield of fertile eggs
care
them,
healthy by
birds
eggs"
should
sufficient
scratching grain.
little
for
of
eggs
more
straw
or
throw
a
if this
and
INSURE
AND
ASSIST
AN
EARLY
MOLT.
if they
alike in one
pullet are
respect:
yearling hen and a young
in they will I
weather
real
sets
cold
start
laying before
importance, in
it is of the
utmost
few
Hence,
during the winter.
eggs
to
molting
start
yield, to yet the hens
getting a large winter
egg
sec
a
new
them
practically through the molt with
and
to have
EARLY,
A
do
not
of
feathers
grown
before
the
first of
51
November.
The
The
their
the
of
length
time
different
feathers
molting
birds,
also
period
in
even
varies
the
with
flock,
same
birds.
individual
will
start
shed
to
varies
will
take
greatly.
Usually hens
anywhere
from
The
later
molt.
the birds
the
sixty to ninety days to complete
Sometimes,
them.
start
molting, ordinarily, the longer it will take
birds
will take
months
four
in which
to
long
molt, but
some
as
such
the exception
the rule.
birds
than
If left to their own
are
more
will start
hens
but
devices, some
molting in the latter part of August:
toward
it is usually well
the middle
before
the majority
of September
will
Hock
of the
the
old coal
of
feathers.
begin shedding
Averaging
will
the
the first of September
time
the majority
hens
of tin
start
as
the
be
makes
molt,
ready
for
the
can
do
it about
laying.
start
1m
month
previous
tM
the
grow
hence
if
any,
eggs
early
in
the
spring.
assist
!
matter
of
any
energy
be
received
ben
in
getting
early
assist
will
that
the
both
hastened,
time
in
of
starting
all
that
This
of
proper
ing
keep-
of
that
means
yearlings
until
is
quite
molting
poultry keeper.
in
and
It
is
largely
a
needs
in
and
be
can
constitution
The
duration.
they
ber,
Novem-
molting period the hen
loosening the old feathers
food
is supplied, the
molt
in
her
If
i.
very
of
and
in
start
will
cold
the
During
ding.
task
flock
the
from
an
month
the
hens
about
production.
egg
erage
judi
this
been
have
will
during
from
toward
put
hens
feathers
will
the
foods
certain
of
to
warm,
few,
within
coat
the
probablj
has
the
more,
before
December
weather
the
or
spare
bodies
To
new
cannol
their
first of
the
As
injured" in fact, it will in all probability be
of
the
tax
strength
on
molting period is a severe
should
be
this period, but
forced
be
not
during
than
anything else.
will do this better
Proper food
he
ngthened.
the
Inn.
The
should
It
ally assisted.
should
It
be
i
i]
November,
all
of
object
yearling
the
their
from
winter
hens
It
when
nergj
inward
cold
During
the
d
before
in
mistake;.
the
Mens
tern,
and
hen
the
the
will
producing
be
eggs.
Method.
two
litter and
the
the
to
that
it
utter
is
is
simply
foolishness
The
amount
of
to
loosen
feed,
the
food.
mash
the early
during
are
molting
are
lourishment.
feed
curtailing
the
and
warm
before
or
the
about
of
weeks
July (that is, beginning
lessened.
should
be
gradually
quantit)
day of the
bj curtailing a small quantity each
first of
the
curtailed
that
should
be
on
so
quantity
e
the
HALF
will be getting about
quantity they had
the
This
of
the fifteenth
July.
applies to both
last
bens
the
August
by
the
July ), the
be easily done
of
in
eggs
arrives
weather
keeping
The
fifteenth
completed
be
during
molting
by
gel
started
to
them
get
then
will
Then
desire
win.
to
to
starve
for
reason
the
Some
poultrymet
is
This
molting period.
undergoing
a
great
very
old
amount
gross
tax
on
in reality
anything
that
slightly
curtailing the
one
begins
feathers.
of
a
sunflower
When
seeds
should
be
period, and particularly during
be
food
than
hens
supplied with
more
must
i
green
fie
forced,
law
must
by curtailing the grain fed, to
otherwise
than
food
they might
coneat
larger quantities of green
will
food
than
each
eat
day,
they
more
Bj giving them
green
sume
of the early
little. The
have
too
success
will be sure
they never
one
food.
the generous
supply of green
molt
largely on
depends
ilf. All
during
the molting
XVII.
CHAPTER
The
cold
winter
for
trouble
his
fowls
the
flock
who
is
the
least
the
in
from
illness
combat
disease
if
comes
on
to
blame.
himself
hut
in
the
same
long
the
man
suffers
that
His
energetic
time
doing
in
all
through the flock.
poultry keeper
ry
should
the
with
ir
fowls
which
of
small.
rather
circumstances,
any
from
in
creeps
possess
of
when
the
remove
more
on
is
one
diseases
common
I
oni
able
be
will
the
of
poultry
thoroughly
treating
d, until
thing
it, at
one
spreading
the
hook
a
symptom-
Then
mid
cause
prevent
carefulh
and
heir.
are
the
to
but
is
there
and
however,
cause,
taken,
find
power
should
lie
causes
been
do-
to
his
apparent
no
have
precautions
poultryman
Tins
of
the
poultry
of
saving many
the
Negled
on
astrous
and always dis-
neglect
chances
run.
disease
Where
for
into
creep
it is the
birds
his
among
through
i.
under
is inexcusable
plant
the
may
may
conditions
such
for
care
!"
fowl-
poultry
to
Under
cause.
to
one
disease
manner,
of
amount
certain
a
that
fact
the
Despite
apparent
prepared
them
with
briny
may
conscientious
most
no
properly
Naturally,
keeper, he has
his
months
poultryman.
the
DISEASE.
OF
PREVENTION
THE
dopey
eems
readily
to
eat.
refusing
in
the
remedies
book,
the
suggested
By applying
he
ivl may
then
easily cured.
which
diseases
(and
of numerous
one
rincipal causes
result
This
the
low
be
is
overlook)
vitality.
trymen
may
Poor
etc.
vitality is
feeding,
improper
care,
breeding, poor
r
fowls
discontract
some
why
reason
underlying
around,
birds
other
lien
tly free
from
than
chickens
with
absence
fully
is
which
great.
Lice,
the
health
sap
the
health
trouble
much
in
Nature
ignorance
conditio!
same
lack
a
of
its
Though
will
effects
only
he
tilth, and
in
breed
is
more
Cleanliness
water.
that
fowls,
the
will
food,
of
one
the
It makes
the
hence
seriously affect
sure
positively in-
sometimes
grain
moldy
feed
mistake,
and
disastrous
vermin
breed
combat.
cleanfine
of
To
its
will
coops
to
feed
as
other
purposely,
or
makes
never
and
loss.
and
hope
quickly,
as
poor
flock.
one's
of
a
or
the
around
and
strength
ami
iod,
imp
as
mites
from
result
that
troubles
the
exactly
can
person
essential
noted
be
not
maj
as
in
ordinary
positively
any
under
kept
sickness.
all
conditions
Unsanitary
ase
more
disease.
the
-e
he
to
is to
resultant
makes
never
is
harm
is
this
whether
difference
no
the
same.
allowance
any
,istakes.
at
of
health
or
local
other
and
;e
-
have
factors
and
(lock
one's
an
important
hearing
after
looked
be
must
em
the
carefully
times.
all
To
he
their
cases,
adept
in
able
is
tin-
recognize
to
an
line
art
are
desired
indeed
sick
by
fowls
all
at
a
glance
poultrymen.
fortunate.
However,
ami
Those
this
to
who
diagnose
are
is within
most
the
of the business
phase
important
in
To
become
proficient
detecting and
tention
it
justly deserves.
much
considerable
time
ami
takes
application. One
ising disease
the slightthat
note
at
est
keen
is
able
to
once
quick,
must
a
eye
possess
actions.
If
this
and
simply
were
in
fowl's
difference
a
appearance
other
connection
made
with
and
slight changes aphowever,
no
noted,
reach
of
anyone
who
will
give
this
54
pearing
make
he
bird, it would
in the
local
a
A
application of
able
be
may
the
all the
One
ONCE
of
much
as
disease
is to
all well
from
of
birds
before
sick
fowls
can
such
to
a
removes
the
and
have
treated.
There
and
Sunshine
ventilation.
fresh
and
all diseases.
air
But
air
be
can
admitted
and
warm
in
used
the
to
sick
A
kept
be
accompanied
by
the
probably
greatest
are
be
must
ventilation.
it should
its energy
be
must
"
two
are
comfortable
"hospital coop"
where
ailing
important
very
coops,
proper
chicken's
normal,
vitality is far below
that every
particle of
so
the disease.
however,
Warmth,
a
all other
from
one
he
diagnostician:
that have
the slightest
chance
to
spread.
any
must
one
warmth
:
has
is
good
fowls
any
Herein
themselves.
the
by
disease
away
and
coop
:
and
for
eration
consid-
ascertained
be
can
treating sick fowls, if the
AT
be removed
must
They
in
enjoyed
properly,
place detached
be quarantined
requisites
trouble
ment.
ail-
i.e.,to
"
into
by taking
Then
real
the
get at
methods
to
way
to
that
end
the
to
easiest
the
placed by
and
fowls
illness
for
care
i.e.,some
the
checked
be
the
To
one
positively essential
is
the
symptoms
proper
of
possible.
as
principal advantages
discovers
and
immediately
of
the
able
be
must
discovered,
has
in
is
apparent,
symptoms
thing
of
spread
bird
One
all.
at
treated.
properly
and
he
elimination
disease
good
no
what
the
treat
to
process
localize
do
bating
com-
proper
dotes
antiin
coop
such
Muslin
entirely eliminated.
permits air to
a
way
also
the
air
inside
allows
and
to
enter
impure
a
gently
coop
escape.
the
size of the
of muslin
is properly proportioned
to
If the amount
will be
and
suitably placed, little trouble
glass it contains, and
coop
the air inside
the coop
both
fresh
the
and
warm
at
had
in keeping
all draughts
that
time.
same
Of
the
are
the
course,
birds
best
to
way
It is far
healthy.
prevent
better
sickness, than
things that will prevent
"An
ounce
long doctoring sick birds.
than
tons
yet
and
water
foods
two
are
poultrymen
many
Water
disease
hour
is to
day
a
it is to
three
of
is
spend
prevention
keep
doing
the
(imes
worth
as
more
XVIII.
$2.50
green
per
FOODS.
POULTRY
"FREE"
"feed costing
from
an
cure."
of
CHAPTER
There
loss
spend
to
for
are
100
poultry that
less
these
with
generous
pounds.
"free"
These
in
actually nothing
cost
with
than
foods
are
:
cash,
other
Fresh
grass.
constitutes
over
75
cent,
per
of
the
bulk
of
an
egg,
and
active
An
large a proportion of the chick's body is water.
to
its legs off, needs
little chick, running
a
large quantity of water
of all
Chickens
well
for its rapid growth.
as
as
replenish this waste,
when
given
water
practically untouched,
that leave stale or
warm
ages
the
around
fountain,
form
circle
will immediately
a
fresh, cool water,
Give
the chickens
in thanksgiving.
and
they drink raise their heads
as
It
absolutely
costs
it
fresh
and
water
frequently.
more
give
more
well as
the
grain
bills,
will
as
a
be
The
result
on
a
saving
nothing.
and
the
and
chick's
in the
development,
noticeable
increase
growth
laying qualities of the hens.
almost
both
as
Green
grass
of
and
any
grain
and
excellent
food
for
an
clippings) makes
chickens
all ages.
Frequently the writer has Men
mash
and
clippings that were
partake of lawn
(lawn
55
ens
chickleave
given
food, let him
appetite for green
and
with
chicks
in a yard or
entirely covered
grass,
put a
run
proof
then
watch
i( disappear, not
Pretty good
in weeks, but in days.
is entirely cleared, of
they like it, isn't it?
And
the chick's
run
when
the poultry
food, where
are
they to get a supply from, unless
green
keeper furnishes
it?
the bother
An
method
of obtaining lawn
clippings, without
eas}
what
is known
of raking them
is to purchase
in a hardware
store
up,
is
about
for
lawn
The
usual
a
enty-five
sevprice
as
grass-catcher
a
mower.
to.
be
This
catcher
cents.
quickly attached
easily and
can
them.
and
If any
flock of
detached
of
the
can
he
of
dead
put
and
Grass
for
the
a
basket
dying
life of
and
will
golden
in protein,
why
TO
One
food.
green
thai
hens
in
time,
is
aside
because
during
available
yard
There
or
given
some
absolute
an
sity
neces-
well
as
as
in
gotten
in
food
ether
any
this
of
properties in green
by fowls, and
very
food.
of
them
will
This
alone
should
oats,
if
it
properly
actual
tried
termed
he
can
the
and
in
care
to
if
oats
sprout
are,
leave
prove
principal
oats
oats
in
some
secret
how
the
is very
be
can
to
when
absolute
be
accomplished
of growing
the
water
by
oats
it deserves,
Those
off
held
cast.-.,
an
attention
small.
be
conclusively
labor.
Tin-
are
sufficient
all this
food
is
green
that
hens
should
the
growing
on
confined
cannot
have
doubts, thai
luction, and
secret, is to know
is given
this item
a
first w;eek.
is
of
great
a
that
that
that
Mens
before
little trouble
are
food
consumed
food.
any
are
lay
that
hens
continually
green
this
that
will
of
grass.
kind
have
that
Hens
food,
succulent
might
fact
plentiful supply
a
period.
green
necessity for large i
fond.
liberal supplies of this most
necessary
If properly done, the growing
of sprouted
with
the
is
food
who
-impossible n
supply
hens
lay mon
generous
a
from
there
number
same
all
nourishing
other
in
mash
those
of
certain
found
the
will
is bare
an-
supplied
grain
than
eggs
which
fed
that
I sufficient
more
never
ance
appear-
is quite
it
reasons
winter,
is
rat
the
the
OATS.
not
are
principal
than
food
green
be
to
and
absence
XIX.
agree
tin1
the
of
reproducing
succulent
well
that
SPROUTED
all
if
ummer
natural
a
The
later.
greatly improve
element
an
GROW
uantities
in
catcher,
pay
poultrymen
Practical
many
blades
the
As
the
eg
HOW
free
chickens
the
to
[APTER
the
fly into
Feed
high prices to feed it in grain?
elements
"free"
foods.
furnish
invaluable
that
They
chicks
into sturdy, active
cockerel'-,
and
pullets that lay
these
of
more
fed
clippings will also
cutting,
tin-
1
and
roller.
the
clippings
for the maintenance
of its body,
growth,
Id. If this valuable
be
ingredient
can
largf
a
the
lawn.
rich
chick's
behind
mower,
grass,
urass
the
is very
the
lawn
cut
into
chicken's
a
the
from,
mower
to
doubts
one
wdio
have
indefinite
an
hut
the oats:
little actual
successfullj grow
a
such
dispel
feelings.
quickly
in sprouting
is as
The
method
follows:
take
oats
generally used
either
metal
fill
and
with
within
wooden,
it
oats
ordinary pail,
to
an
or
of the top.
As
the
inches
about
three
four
swell considerably
oats
or
fear
ig able
oi
experience
will
in
time,
a
will
short
fall out
over
if
the
the
to
pail is tilled
top
or
the
water
56
too
the
near
will
run
top
out.
either
Into
the
this
oats
pailful
of
oats
in
pour
is being
water
down
with
pressed
raising those
by
farther
top
as
warm
poured
the
can
one
scald
the
it
crimes
into
the
hand.
the
from
down.
as
would
until
water
this
water
bear
on
the
with
should
When
oats.
rise
but
be
can
be
thoroughly
pressing those
pail and
the
is poured
it should
hand"
the
the
will
should
oats
of
of
top
oats
that
interfere
and
oats
All
bottom
The
the
to
pail, the
the
on
on
should
oats
boiling,
be
not
wet
be
this
as
growth.
proper
The
soak
pail of oats
at least twelve, and
preferably
which
hours.
The
then
swollen
are
oats,
twenty-four,
considerably
and
be placed in trays
be
that may
almost
of
thoroughl)
wet, should
that
should
sides
inches
but
have
about
three
Place
size,
high.
any
the oats
in the trays
to a depth of two
is
inches, levelled off. There
of the tray
the bottom
boards
absolutely nothing in the bottom
except
dirt,
no
"
straw,
paper,
Literally, they
within
like
otherwise
After
but
or
warm
times
or
to
water
warmer,
fur
the
in.
or
of
surplus
water
lower
that
If
trays.
will run
the
trays,
off.
run
is
from
one
of
a
off
only
a
when
he
lukewarm
to
the
place
garden
ordinary
holes
the
ah
the
in
nother,
the
to
tray
double
one
an
through
placed
the
giving
thus
next,
On
wetting.
each
days, once
tenth
and
for
from
run
are
in
three
watered
and
sprouted.
daily should
water
can
once
placed
be
is necessary
comfortable
the
thereafter
may
oats
wet
are
trays
down
the
get
oats
the
advantage
trays
the
seventh
also on
and
day,
the
to
the
this
but
and
days
ten
or
so,
apply
surplus water
The
can.
bottom
which
temperature
is easiest
to
It
sprinkling
to
trays
the
the
oats
rapid growth,
degrees temperature),
seventy
daily fur the first week
a
special hurry in which
with
for
a
(of about
water
the
do
first week
the
desire^
one
in
to
more
is
hand
the
little
where
about
the
of
water
sour.
soon
placed
are
evening)
The
bottom
the
to
a
depth of about
two
ensuing ten
two
days or
them.
The
should
he
lar
celplaced in a warm
trays
the
does
below
not
drop much
temperature
fifty
the
will
Thi
oats
simply sprout
quicker.
with
snaked
water
at "leasttwice
ing
day (mornevery
is
room
there
of
on.
mat
will
If
day.
solid
oats
thoroughly
and
a
the
most
grow
a
oats
if
be
in
bored
permit
to
the
room
degrees;
must
be
to
oats
forming
roots
the
inches, there
weeks
should
made,
the
for
the
themselves,'
cracks
or
material
other
or
on
Holes
week.
a
sieve,
a
grow
for
fourth
the
d
cool water
the
it runs
from
faucet.
water,
warm
use
putting on
as
cold
from
to
to give the
water
life,
oats
change
warm
seems
new
and
will he
noted
almost
after.
a
rapid growth
immediately
Proper
will aid materially a rapid growth.
watering of the oats
When
the oats
five days old, small
about
four
are
or
spr
and
these
to
noticeably
daily. At the end
grow
appear,
of
This
these
sprouts
lie
may
the
sprouts
much)
to
and
as
of
or
three
nine
grass
inches
inches
(as they
long,
as
many
are
undergrowth
The
three
resemble
fed
to
clippings
the
will
can
chickens.
then
be
"
two
permitting
of
grass
when
cut
blades
will
the
sprout
had
If
in
and
Instead
long.
be
length, the tops should
shears
ordinary pair of grass
An
sprouts
or
this
to
quickly.
and
two
seven
blades
grow
sometimes
oats
as
or
high.
easily
about
are
much
as
before
aboul
cut
out
the
it is desired
very
four
sprouts
again, and
remaining
to
have
a
in the
dim
light of
(when
they are
sprouts
green
grown
be
in
cellar
the
this
will
be
light
color),
yellow
usually
sprouts
a
may
window
in the
obtained
sunlight
near
a
or
by placing the oat
trays
three
times
for
After
been
have
the oats
or
clipped two
a
day or so.
chunks
and
of the sprouts,
roots
be
fed
all,
by cutting out
they can
be
the entire tray may
placed in
the hens, or
and
to
given in this way
the hens
relish picking
is preferable, as
The
latter method
"p.
and
in
the
practically all of the
and
scratching
they will eat
tray,
color
to
the
contents.
57
A
frame
one
lumber
inch
form
trays
be
can
made
by almost
any
by four-inch
and
cleats, one
cross
pieces together and
two-inch
pieces of
for
the
uprights used
corners,
hold
these
four
inches, both
corner
which
the trays slide in and
places on
the
watered.
These
afford
to
apart,
easiest
of
Four
two
being
are
number
a
little labor.
but
the
are
by
hold
to
with
and
sufficient
to handle
tray
sides, of course,
being
about
pail, when
quart
hours
twenty-four
cleats
cross
for
room
is about
about
will
fill
the
inches
high.
full
quarters
of
section
six
a
or
four
lie had
can
second
a
sections
oats.
labor
with
the
the
marked
when
time
cutting
the
at
eggs
the
will
end
Beginners
getting many
It is true
when
one
care
the
studied
Don't
egg
his
keeping
There
is
the
work
the
mistakes
one's
of
mind
"
again,
the
received
number
will
with
of
read
to
remember
If,
this.
a
he
can
at
eggs
diary is
deal
of
excellent
an
the
the
at
in
big
yond
quite bepoultryman
results
able
been
that
to
find
produce a
vitality intact.
can
beginning.
They
will
hens'
to
accessory
satisfaction
cumstances
cir-
many
it is the
older
has
he
foods
the
are
cases,
in patient
spent
years
his fund
of pracWith
tical
has
still keep
good
a
occasionally
going
tem.
sysover
he
in a diary, to have
as
briefly recorded
year,
that have
made
been
brought vividly before
The
has
perienced
exrepeated.
joys and pleasures one
not
be
lived
errors
to
also
few
minutes
again
over
spent
to
vim
vigor
into
and
erne,
zeal
and
and
and
one
turn
again
wrong,
if
never
he
up
has
can
the
one
the
tide
repays
entries.
despite
before
diary and
through
lived
tackle
alone
this
"
making
day in
going
each
can
new
put
renewed
there
most
until
feed
and
eggs,
when
one
that
in
as
time
long
and
everything appears
it seems
as
do, and when
had
to
discouragements,
pick
greater
trials and
heavier
one
disappointments
best
in
or
previous
and
may
for
the
a
of
not
they find they are
small.
is seemingly
big egg
receipts by Mime
when
the
this point.
to
obtain
naturally he can
The
beginner to reproduce.
for
great
twenty-five
produces
him,
need,
of
a
winter
flock
and
of
sions.
dimen-
above
about
plenty of sprouted
decidely small when
pared
comSufficient
production.
culent
suc-
discouraged
well, remember
so
fowls
the
for
given
the
results
to
duplicate such
expect
will be achieved
in due
time.
The
one
for
the
of
power
ordinary sixteensoaking for
after
XX.
pleasant
few, but
very
out
just what
they
maximum
number
and
when
behind
experience
has
be
not
or
is doing
strain
a
breed
to
eggs,
The
long, the
ENCOURAGEMENT.
OF
is getting but
that account
who
breeder
WORD
it is not
up.
feet
monev.
mean
should
be
during
CHAPTER
A
be
can
in the
hens
eight
succession
a
trays
the first tray to be
week.
three
By having
a
will
oats
oats
inches
grow
two
An
the
permit
of
fowls
of
the
increase
given
food
green
that
day
large number
of growing
a
The
each
to
oats,
of
trays
will give sufficient cut
tray
sprouts
of these
thirty hens, and if there are
seven
croppings
shape for
about
of
One
when
out
be
sprouts
wide
and
foot
one
three
three
should
read
and
the
present
toward
success.
the
Then
very
could
have
of
other
ovrcome,
problems
stimulant
writer
the
advocates, and
only one,
that he
most
highly. It is not for the hen; it is "stick-toSounds
rather
itiveness"
for the
sticky, but that's just
poultryman.
that
of "ginger"
what
it means.
It's a
sort
keeps the poultryman's
maximum
otherwise
excited
it might
interest
when
flag. It produces
it
reaction.
of
best
all,
permits no
results, and,
There
is one,
recommends
and
5S
If at
times
things
might wish,
through the same
the
plant do not
the poultry
poultry
in
everyone
troubles,
that
encouragement
Say
the
on
remember
one
not
only
once,
is always
"Some
yourself:
it is possible" I WILL
to
have
to
but
be
many
derived
failed, but
go
as
smoothly
business
times.
from
many
has
Give
intense
others
as
gone
self
yourthusiasm.
en-
have
TOO!"
That's
succeeded, so
the
SUCCEED,
buckle
and
with
double
the
to
enthusiasm
spirit. Then
played
disenergy
learn
all you
mistakes;
from
before; profit by your
can
every
available
it will not
and
fight manfully on,
be
source;
long before
who
SUCCEEDED
out
with
a
people will point you
as
man
poultry.
"If
the
An'
If the
day
your
looks
kind
o' gloomy
rather
chances
slim.
situation's
puzzlin'
An'
the prospect's awful
grim,
An'
perplexities keep pressin'
Till all hope is nearly gone
Just bristle up an' grit your
teeth,
An'
keepin' on."
keep on
"
59
Profitable
Perkins'
SINGLE
COMB
WHITE
LEGHORNS
and
Exhibition
90i%
Eggs
in the
Old
This
is there.
such
the
results as
are
the kind that liveand
thrive.
Chicks
ness,
in the poultrybusistarting
stock.
get good foundation
blood into
When
introducing
new
the flock,
onlythat of proven
procure
Our
birds are vigorousand
merit.
full of "red blood vitality"
healthy,
and bred according
to the Standard.
Our hens are
good layersof large,
When
chalk-white
Good
eggs.
stock is the
cheapestin the
long run.
Results
Prices
the
Prove
Quality
of
Send
Reasonable
C.
N.
PERKINS,
Our
for
Stock
Free
Propr.
NEW
PARK
60
Catalogue
PLACE
POULTRY
PERKINS
MIDLAND
ables
en-
and 76'r hatchability
fertility
month of February! Our day
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Day
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right,
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us
Hatching
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are
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qualityof stock
Stock
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OUR
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