Microgrid Technology: Enabling Energy Reliability and Security – Opportunities in Campus, Commercial & Industrial Communities Ivette Sanchez, LEED AP MAYA Smart Energy Consulting Promoting Sustainability with Ingenuity Agenda • • • • • • • • What is a microgrid? Why microgrids? Value proposition Applications Major components Energy security considerations Current cases Summary What is a Microgrid? An integrated energy system intelligently managing interconnected loads and distributed energy resources and capable of operating in parallel with, or independently, from the existing utility’s grid. Source: Horizon Energy Group Why Microgrids? • T&D over capacity and expensive to fix or extend – US businesses lose $80B to $150B per year in revenues due to power outages • Electric and gas prices fluctuations • Power quality, efficiency & reliability • Cyber and physical security • Technology innovation – Distributed generation – Renewable resources – Demand Response – Grid stability control $ Microgrid – Value Proposition • Efficiency – Reduce fuel consumption – Supply close to demand minimize distribution losses – Combined electricity and heat generation • Reliability – Optimally manage on-site energy resources 24/7 – Power quality and reliability at the local level • Energy Security – Ensure energy supply for critical loads utilizing on-site generation – Grid independence capability • Economic Savings – Peak Shaving/Load shifting and supply management with demand response – Enables hedging against energy cost fluctuation – Reduction of cost of electricity with on-site generation and effective energy management • Sustainability – Reduction of carbon footprint by integrating cleaner fuel resources Microgrid – Applications • Microgrid candidates – Institutional/Campus sites – Hospitals, Universities – Commercial/Industrial facilities – Remote “off grid” communities – Military Bases – Data Centers – Municipalities • Microgrids can vary in size (MW) – Generation resources types – Storage – Advanced controls • The investment can be significant and ROI take years Microgrid – Major Components • Microgrid Master Controller – Match load with generation – in both island mode or grid-connected • Optimize integration, dispatching and control of DER and loads • Ensure combination of DER improves economics • Maintain reliability and manage frequency and voltage – Real-time response and fault protection – Connect and disconnect from the grid – Predictive and forecasting analysis Source: Lockheed Martin 2011 Microgrid – Major Components • Fast and secure communication to monitor real-time network status – Optimize operations and control of DERs & loads – Connect to buildings via EMS/BAS – Continuous monitor and trend microgrid components health – Smart metering to obtain load and DERs profile – Electricity pricing and demand response capabilities – Continuous communication to utilities and energy markets Source: ABB 2011 Microgrid – Major Costs Components Source: DOE Microgrid Workshop 2011 Critical Situation • Electric grid security impacts national security – Critical national security and homeland defense missions are at unacceptably high risk of extended outage from failure of the electric grid – The ability of today’s warfighter to command, control, deploy, and sustain forces is adversely impacted by a fragile, aging, and fossil fuel dependent electricity grid posing a significant threat to national security Source: Defense Science Board and DOD Energy Security SPIDERS: Smart Power Infrastructure Demonstration for Energy, Reliability & Security • SPIDERS Joint Capability Technology Demonstration (JCTD) – Main sponsors/funding: DoD, DOE & DHS • To reduce the “unacceptably high risk” of extended electric grid outages by developing the capability to “island” installations while maintaining operational surety and security Source: DoD SPIDERS – JCTD Technologies Source: DOD SPIDERS Partners Source: DoD UC San Diego Campus • Operates a 42 MW microgrid in parallel with the SDG&E grid • 11 million ft2 of buildings – Energy density (kWh/ft2/yr) is 2X of typical commercial • Self generate approximately 90% of annual demand – 30MW natural gas CHP plant – 2.8 MW of fuel cell, 1.2 MW Solar PV Source: UCSD, Viridity, Power Analytics & OSIsoft UC San Diego Microgrid • Renewable Energy Secure Communities (RESCO) $2M program with CA Energy Commission – Develop tariffs and incentives to balance cost/benefits to advance PV generation – Advanced SmartGrid Power Management Systems for microgrids – Optimizer re-scheduler platform for dynamic market signals allow optimization of storage and supply • Microgrid controller – Typical real-time monitoring and control of resources functionalities – Making load elastic/controllable/price-responsive – Improve load participation in DR programs and energy markets • New technologies – Solar forecasting and storage control optimization – Data interoperability and power flow status Source: UCSD, Viridity, Power Analytics & OSIsoft UC San Diego Microgrid Controller Source: UCSD, Viridity, Power Analytics & OSIsoft Mesa del Sol Microgrid • Partners: Mesa del Sol, Nine Japanese companies, utility PNM, SNL, Accenture and the University of New Mexico • 78, 000 ft2 Aperture Center with 400 kW peak power requirement • Generation Sources – 80 kW fuel cells – 50 kW PV system – 240 kW gas-engine generator – 90 kW battery system (160 kWh storage) • Building Management System (BMS) – Building can run on its power indefinitely in island mode – Perform demand & supply adjustments within the building based on power demand estimates – Operates the power generation systems according to energy & heat demand within the building itself – Compensate for power output fluctuations in the PV system of the utility Source: UCSD, Viridity, Power Analytics & OSIsoft Microgrid – Summary • Microgrid technology to solve energy security issues – To maintain continuous mission critical operations • Technology will migrate to the civilian/commercial applications • Microgrid controller emerging design elements – State Estimation – Economic, reliability, environment (ERE) dispatch tools – Energy arbitrage algorithms • Challenges to overcome – Continuous monitoring of power flow taking into account demand, thermal production and renewable production – Integration and interoperability of systems Thank You! Ivette Sanchez Energy Solutions Director [email protected] 407-319-9990