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A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
Working Safely At Height,
Why and How
6 May 2014
Audrina Chua, SAD (Construction Investigation & Enforcement Capability)
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
© 2010 Government of Singapore
1
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
© 2010 Government of Singapore
2
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
Statistics
Case Studies
WAH
Regulations
© 2010 Government of Singapore
3
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
Statistics
Statistics
Case Studies
WAH
Regulations
© 2010 Government of Singapore
4
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
WSH Statistics Report 2013
Total Workplace Fatalities - By Year
80
3.5
3.1
70
63
60
50
2.8
21
25
3
2.9
27
25
61
55
2.2
22
40
2.3
59
56
2.1
26
2.5
17 2.1
2
17
1.5
30
Fatality rate
Number of workplace fatalities
62
2.9
70
67
1
20
0.5
10
0
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Others
Total Falls
Fatality Rate
*Total Falls include incidents involving Falls from Height and Slips, Trips & Falls
© 2010 Government of Singapore
5
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
WSH Statistics Report 2013
Total Workplace Fatalities - By Year
80
3.5
3.1
70
63
60
50
2.8
21
25
25
70 Number of Fatalities
2.9 Falls constant
from
61
56
55
27
2.3
2.2
22
40
26
3
59
2.1
2.5
17 2.1
2
17
Fatality Rate constant
1.5
30
1
Number of Fatalities
increased
20
10
Fatality rate
Number of workplace fatalities
62
2.9
67
0.5
0
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Others
Total Falls
Fatality Rate
*Total Falls include incidents involving Falls from Height and Slips, Trips & Falls
© 2010 Government of Singapore
6
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
Fall From Height Fatalities
Fall From Heights Fatalities
– 2009 to 2013
-42%
Saw
improvements
since 2009
Notwithstanding,
sustained efforts
required to drive
further
improvements
© 2010 Government of Singapore
7
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
Worrying Trend of Increasing Construction Fatalities
Fatality Rate Manufacturing
Workplace Fatality & Fatality Rate Construction
8
100
7
7
6
5.5
80
5.9
5
+19%
4
3
33
22
40
2018 Target
 1.8
16
2
20
3
2012
2013
Fatality Rate Marine
10
8
6
4
2
0
9
5.6
2.7
2011
1
2.8
1.4
2011
60
2013 Target
 3.4
26
4
3
2
1
0
2012
2013
0
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
© 2010 Government of Singapore
8
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
Worrying Trend of Increasing Construction Fatalities
Fatality Rate Manufacturing
Workplace Fatality & Fatality Rate Construction
8
4
3
2
1
0
100
7
7
6
5.5
5
3
+19%
33
22
2.8
1.4
Top
Contributing Industry
80
2011
2012
2013
Sector for Workplace
Fatalities
5.9
4
3
60
40
2018 Target
 1.8
26
Fatality
Rate 2013
Marine
2012
2013 Target
 3.4
2
16
20
54%
1
46%
10
8
6
4
2
0
9
5.6
2.7
44%
2011
2012
56%2013
0
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Con
© 2010 Government of Singapore
Others
9
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
ProBE 2014 Key Priority Area: WAH
Key Areas of Concern
Fall from Structures
- Work near unprotected edges
Fall From Heights
Accidents
 14 Fatalities in 2013
 Top contributing
accident type
 24% of workplace
fatalities
Fall from Roofs
- Ad-hoc access and fragile surfaces
Fall from Formwork
- Failure to implement SWPs
Fall from Ladders
- Unsafe ladder usage
© 2010 Government of Singapore
10
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
ProBE 2014 Key Priority Area: WAH
Resources to Raise
WAH Safety Awareness
Onsite WAH Compliance
Assistance
Circulars and Online Resources
The SCAV Programme
Year-long Engagement Efforts
Continual Review of WAH
Capability Building
MOM and WSHC Events
CDA Review for WAH Courses
© 2010 Government of Singapore
11
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
ProBE 2014 Key Priority Area: WAH
Resources to Raise
WAH Safety Awareness
Onsite WAH Compliance
Assistance
Circulars and Online Resources
The SCAV Programme
WAH Ops
2Q 2014 & 1Q 2015
Year-long Engagement Efforts
MOM and WSHC Events
Continual Review of WAH
Capability Building
CDA Review for WAH Courses
© 2010 Government of Singapore
12
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
Case Studies
Statistics
Case Studies
WAH
Regulations
© 2010 Government of Singapore
13
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
Fatal Accident on 20 Feb 2011
Accident
location
1m
50cm
Fall of 26m
26cm
Case Study (i)
42cm
© 2010 Government of Singapore
14
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
Fatal Accident on 20 Feb 2011
Improper
barricade
installation
55cm wide gap between
lowest guard-rail and
edge of tableform
Case Study (i)
© 2010 Government of Singapore
15
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
Fatal Accident on 20 Feb 2011
Improper
PE design available but
not adhered
barricade
installation
Barricades installed by inexperienced workers
Inexperienced workers supervised by
untrained Supervisor
Own control measures listed in RA not
implemented
Fall not arrested as worker was not wearing
55cm wide gap between
PPE and
lowest guard-rail
edge of tableform
Case Study (i)
© 2010 Government of Singapore
16
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
Fatal Accident on 7 Nov 2011
3.4m
Case Study (ii)
Opening
© 2010 Government of Singapore
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A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
Fatal Accident on 7 Nov 2011
“Paper” PTW not implemented on site
“Paper” RA with no implementation of control
measures
No supervision
No lifelines/anchorages/fall prevention
3.4m
Opening
No PPEs worn
Blood Stains
Case Study (ii)
© 2010 Government of Singapore
18
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
Fatal Accident on 23 Sep 2010
2nd shelf
0.9m
1.75m
1st shelf
Case Study (iii)
© 2010 Government of Singapore
19
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
Fatal Accident on 23 Sep 2010
No RA or SWP
2nd shelf
Risk foreseeable & aware of past falls
0.9m
Slippery floor and racks
1.75m
Reach truck available but wider than aisles
1st shelf
No handholds or footholds
No training
Case Study (iii)
© 2010 Government of Singapore
20
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
Fatal Accident on 15 May 2010
Catwalk
30cm
60cm
55cm
1.1m
55cm
Trip/Slip hazards
Case Study (iv)
© 2010 Government of Singapore
21
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
Fatal Accident on 15 May 2010
“Paper” RA and PTW
Catwalk
Improper guardrails
30cm
60cm
No toeboards
55cm
1.1m
No PPEs/lifelines/anchorages/fall
prevention
55cm
Slip and trip hazards
Case Study (iv)
Trip/Slip hazards
© 2010 Government of Singapore
22
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
Fatal Accident on 17 Sep 2009
4.5m
2m
4m
Toppled ladder
Tilted formwork
Case Study (v)
© 2010 Government of Singapore
23
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
Fatal Accident on 17 Sep 2009
SMS, SWP, PTW in place
Barricades installed
4.5m
Inadequate training
2m
4m
Deviation from SWP
ladder
Tie-rods Toppled
prematurely
removed
Tilted formwork
Case Study (v)
© 2010 Government of Singapore
24
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
Key Learnings from Case Studies
Proper RA and RM
Proper maintenance
Proper management
Proper use of equipment
Proper PTW
Proper barricades
Proper work planning
Trained and competent
workers/supervisors
Proper design for
equipment, work
methods, etc
Proper SWP/ Method
Statement/ Fall
Prevention Plans, etc
Proper supervision
Proper inspection
Proper use of PPE
© 2010 Government of Singapore
25
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
WAH Regulations
Statistics
Case Studies
WAH
Regulations
© 2010 Government of Singapore
26
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
Recap on WAH Regulations
National WAH
Task Force
Recommendation
Public
Consultation
Apr to Oct 2012
Dedicated WAH
Regulations
Onsite WAH
Compliance
Assistance
Developed WAH
Competency
Framework
2010 to 2013:
SCAV deployed to
help 3,000+ smaller
worksites and
factories
Developing curriculum;
accrediting training
providers
Gazette of
WAH
Regulations
Extension to
All
Workplaces
1 May 2013 –
Applies to all
factories
1 May 2014 –
Applies to all
workplaces
Revised ACOP for
WAH
Updated to clarify on the
WAH Regulations;
consulted industry
subject matter experts
and public
Requirements:
• Permit-towork
• Fall Prevention
Plan
Refinement
1 May 2014
© 2010 Government of Singapore
27
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
Refinement to WAH Regulations
 Feedback from industries, particularly SMEs in lower risk
sectors, on operational constraints
 After refinement on 1 May 2014:
 PTW requirement only apply to Factories
− Non-Factories still subjected to rest of WAH Regulations
 Remove requirement for distinct WAH Assessor and Manager
WAH Regulations Coverage
Legend
1 May 2013
WAH regulations
WAH Regulations
• Only Factories
FPP requirements
• No FPP/PTW
PTW requirements
Factories
All Workplaces
© 2010 Government of Singapore
28
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
Refinement to WAH Regulations
 Feedback from industries, particularly SMEs in lower risk
sectors, on operational constraints
 After refinement on 1 May 2014:
 PTW requirement only apply to Factories
− Non-Factories still subjected to rest of WAH Regulations
 Remove requirement for distinct WAH Assessor and Manager
WAH Regulations Coverage
Legend
1 May 2014
2013
WAH regulations
Factories
All Workplaces
WAH Regulations
Only
Factories
• All
Workplaces
FPP requirements
No FPP/PTW
• FPP:
Only workplaces
in Schedule
PTW requirements
• PTW for hazardous
WAH
© 2010 Government of Singapore
29
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
Refinement to WAH Regulations
 Feedback from industries, particularly SMEs in lower risk
sectors, on operational constraints
 After refinement on 1 May 2014:
 PTW requirement only apply to Factories
− Non-Factories still subjected to rest of WAH Regulations
 Remove requirement for distinct WAH Assessor and Manager
WAH Regulations Coverage
Legend
1 May 2014
2013
WAH regulations
Factories
All Workplaces
WAH Regulations
• All
Only
Workplaces
Factories
FPP requirements
• FPP:
No FPP/PTW
Only workplaces
in Schedule
PTW requirements
• PTW:
Only
Factories
PTW for
hazardous
WAH
© 2010 Government of Singapore
30
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
Features of the WAH Regulations
 Avoidance of WAH
 Warning notices
 Fall Prevention Plan
 Permit-to-work system
 Training
 Teagle openings
 Supervision
 Work on roofs
 Guard-rails / barriers /
covers
 Fragile surfaces
 Travel restraint / fall
arrest systems
 Inspection
 Ladders
 Industrial rope access
system
© 2010 Government of Singapore
31
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
Features of the WAH Regulations
 Avoidance of WAH
 Guard-rails / barriers / covers
 Training
 Supervision
 Inspection
 Permit-to-work
 Warning notices
system
 Travel restraint / fall arrest systems
© 2010 Government of Singapore
32
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
Features of the WAH Regulations
 Avoidance of WAH
 Guard-rails / barriers / covers
 Training
 Supervision
 Inspection
 Permit-to-work
 Warning notices
system
 Travel restraint / fall arrest systems
© 2010 Government of Singapore
33
A Great Workforce A Great Workplace
Thank You
© 2010 Government of Singapore
34