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2. mathematics
3. statistics

U.S. Census Bureau
Foreign Trade Division
Understanding Foreign Trade Data
May 16, 2007
U.S. Census Bureau
Overview of Imports and Exports
Carol Aristone
Commodity Analysis Branch
[email protected]
What do the statistics measure?
The physical movement of goods
between:
• United States, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands
• Foreign countries.
3
Coverage
Movement of goods into & out of:
•
•
•
•
U.S. Customs Territory
U.S. Virgin Islands
Bonded Warehouses
Foreign Trade Zones (FTZs)
4
Coverage
• Goods not included:
• U.S. trade with U.S. territories
• Trade between U.S. territories
• Trade between foreign countries and U.S.
territories (other than PR and VI)
• In transit merchandise through the U.S.
5
What’s not Covered in Statistics?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Monetary gold & silver
U.S. government to U. S. government
Imports of articles repaired under warranty
Intangibles
Personal and household effects
Low valued transactions
Consult the Guide to Foreign Trade
Statistics
6
The Harmonized System (HS)
Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the U.S.
Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes
(HTSUSA)
Statistical Classification of Domestic and
Foreign Commodities Exported from the U.S.
(Schedule B)
7
The HS System
17,000+ HTSUSA & 8,000+ Schedule B codes
• Periodically revised
• Structure:
• 2 digit Chapter
• 4 digit Heading
• 6 digit sub heading
• 8 digit legal
• 10 digit statistical
8
The HS System
9
The HS System
10
What is the difference?
Export codes (Schedule B) are maintained by the U.S.
Census Bureau.
Import codes are administered by the U.S. International
Trade Commission (USITC).
Import Codes CAN be used to classify Exports, but
Exports codes CAN NOT be used to classify goods
for import (Imports has a lot more detail!!)
11
Changes to the HTSUSA & Schedule B
Changes occur three different ways:
• WCO changes affect the HS (4 or 6 digit) level
• Legislation – affects the legal (8-digit) level
• Imports only
• 484(f) committee – affects the statistical (10-digit)
level
12
Partner Country
• Exports – Country of Ultimate Destination
• Imports – Country of Origin
– Where goods are grown, mined or
manufactured
– Use country of shipment if origin unknown for
re-imports
13
Exports
Related vs. Non-related
Statistics cover the physical movement of
goods, regardless of if item is sold
When a U.S. manufacturer exports
merchandise to their company in
France or to a non-related purchaser in
Russia, both are counted as trade
15
Valuation
F.A.S. Export Value (free alongside ship)
• Value of export at port based on transaction
price, including inland freight, insurance
other charges incurred (before loaded)
• Excludes international freight, cost of loading
merchandise and any other charges/costs
beyond port of export
16
Leases
If merchandise exported for <12 months
• Non-stat
Consignment - Temp. lease with option to
buy
• Stat
• Examples: artwork or aircraft
17
Repairs – Exports
Exporting items for repair
• Report Ch. 1-97 HS number of item
• Non-stat
• AES exemption code TR (temporary
export for repair)
Exporting items repaired in U.S.
• Report HS 9801 and value of repair
18
Imports
Foreign Trade Zones – Imports
• Duties not required until goods
withdrawn for consumption
• Importer has choice to pay at the rate of
the original foreign materials or the
finished product
• Can result in $3,000 new car
20
Bonded Warehouses – Imports
Duty payment deferred
No duty if re-exported to foreign countries
21
General vs. Consumption
General Imports – measures flow of
goods across U.S. border
• Imports for direct consumption
• Bonded warehouse entries and FTZ
admissions
• Most widely used measure of imports
22
General vs. Consumption (cont.)
Imports for Consumption – goods
cleared through Customs
• Imports for direct consumption
• Bonded warehouse and FTZ withdrawals
23
Valuation
Customs Value
• Generally, price actually paid excluding:
• Duties
• Freight
• Insurance and other charges
• Relationship b/w parties should not
influence value
24
Valuation (cont.)
CIF (cost, insurance, freight)
• CIF = Customs Value + Import Charges
• Excludes U.S. import duties
25
Valuation (cont.)
Dutiable Value
• Customs value of foreign goods subject to
duty
• Where merchandise is a combination of
U.S. and foreign goods, duty is applied
only to the foreign value added
26
Valuation (cont.)
To determine the dutiable value of a
combination of U.S. and foreign goods:
• Example: 9802 provision
• U.S. value is included in statistics
 Value is total of domestic + foreign values
• U.S. Goods indicators show that a portion of
the import is domestic materials
• Publication IM146A
27
Valuation (cont.)
Duty
• Collected by CBP
• Reported on the Automated Commercial
System (ACS)
• FTD generally uses duty as reported on
ACS
28
Country Sub-Codes (CSC)
Indicates a special program allowing for
free or reduced duty
• Examples: GSP, US-Chile Free Trade
Agreement, NAFTA
• CSC used:
•
•
•
•
00 = no special programs claimed
CA = Goods marked for Canada (NAFTA)
MX = Goods marked for Mexico (NAFTA)
Full list available on our website
29
Rate Provision (RP) codes
• RP codes indicate free or dutiable status
• Used in conjunction with goods imported
using Ch. 98 or 99 code
• RP code can relate back to Ch. 98 or 99
• Assigned by FTD
30
Rate Provisions (cont.)
Examples of RP codes:
• RP 17 = Free as articles imported for the
handicapped. Imported under HTS
subheadings 9817.00.92, 9817.00.94 &
9817.00.96
• RP 69 = Dutiable at rate prescribed in
Rate of Duty columns of HTS Ch. 99.
Duty reported
• Full list available on our website
31
Special Provisions
Chapter 98 & 99 for National use
• Ch 98 - duty free/reduction
• Ch 99 - legislation, executive and
administrative actions
32
Special Provisions (cont.)
9801 - U.S. goods exported and returned
not advanced or improved
• U.S. origin
• Previously exported from U.S.
33
Special Provisions (cont.)
9802 – Goods with components of U.S.
origin
• U.S. goods assembled abroad
• Importers deduct value of U.S. goods from
total Customs value
34
Dual Reporting of Codes
Report 10-digit statistical reporting number
• Chapter 1-97
Followed by special provision
• Chapter 98
UQ from Ch 1-97
35
Dual Reporting of Codes
9817.85.01
• Prototypes for development, testing, evaluation
• Free
8422.11.0000
• Dishwasher, household
• 2.4%
8422.19.0000
• Dishwasher, other
• Free
36
Special Provisions (cont.)
Chapter 99
• Quotas
• Additional duties
• Temporary reductions
37
38
Dual Reporting of Codes
• Footnote 189 - See headings 9902.01.19,
9902.02.12, 9902.12.54, etc.
• Reduced or duty free rates
• 9902.01.19 Vinclozolin
• Report 9902.01.19 - 2934.99.1200
39
Repairs – Imports
Importing repaired item
• Report Ch. 98 number and value of repair
• If under warranty – non-stat
• If Non-warranty – stat
 Also report Ch. 1-97 HS in order to
determine duty
Importing item for repair
• Temporary imports
40
Internet References
FTD
• http://www.census.gov/trade
Guide to Foreign Trade Statistics
• http://www.census.gov/foreigntrade/guide/index.html
41
Internet References (con.)
Schedule B
• http://www.census.gov/scheduleb
HTSUSA
• http://www.usitc.gov/tata/hts/bychapter/index.htm
42
Internet References (con.)
CSC
• http://www.census.gov/foreigntrade/reference/codes/csc.html
RP
• http://www.census.gov/foreigntrade/reference/codes/rp.html
43
Any Questions?
44
Processing and Editing
May 16, 2007
Andrew Jennings
Methods Research and Quality Assurance
[email protected]
Introduction
• The Foreign Trade Division processes over 6
million import and export transactions a
month
• Publish the official merchandise trade
statistics on a monthly basis
• Ensure that published statistics are accurate
• Published data may appear different than
what can be seen on the electronic systems
46
Outline
Sources of Data
Processing
Data Categories
Differences
47
Sources of Import Data
Imports
• The Automated Commercial System (ACS)
• Automated Foreign Trade Zones (AFTZ)
• Paper Documents
• Canadian Gas and Electricity
• Estimates
48
Sources of Import Data
Source
ACS
AFTZ
Canada
Paper Documents
CF-7051 and CF-214
Estimates
Totals
Percent of
Value
88
7
2
1
1
Number of
Records
3,800k
100k
0.05k
7k
0.2k
3.9 million
49
Sources of Export Data
Exports
• Automated Export System (AES)
• Canadian Data Exchange
• Shippers Export Declarations (SED)
• Estimates
50
Sources of Export Data
Source
AES
Canada
Paper SED
Estimates
Totals
Percent of
Value
73
22
3
2
Number of
Records
1,400k
780k
40k
0.2k
2.2 million
51
Sources of Data
Editing at point of collection
• Data are edited at point of collection
• Ensures best quality data
• Subset of what is edited post collection
52
Processing
Overview
• Prepare for editing
• Edit
• Resolve errors
• Categorize and aggregate the data
53
Prepare Records for Editing
Combine Sources
• Reformat data to uniform structure
• Identify Non-statistical transactions
• Low value records
• Non-extractable entries
54
Prepare Records for Editing
Statistical time periods
• Imports - Release date
• Exports - Clearance date
• Statistical month
• Carryover
55
Prepare Records for Editing
Preliminary Alterations
• Recode commodities as necessary
• Convert quantities
• Convert Schedule B from HTS (exports
only)
• Prorate shipping weight (exports only)
56
Prepare Records for Editing
Apply Corrections to Data
• Customs corrections
• Filer corrections
57
Editing
Overview
• Code Validations
• Ratio Edits
• Maximums and Minimums
58
Editing
Code Validations
• Harmonized System commodity
• Country of origin
• Foreign port
• U.S. port
• Special Programs Indicators (imports)
59
Editing
Code Validations
• We validate codes with lookup tables that are
updated monthly as changes are made
• Commodity-specific consistency checks
Example: import bananas from Greenland
• Check exports shipped by vessel are
processed through a vessel port, not an
airport
60
Editing
Ratio Edits
• Verify numeric data by computing ratios
• Check ratios against commodity-specific
ranges
• Several types of ratio edits
o Quantity to value
o Quantity to shipping weight/value to shipping
weight
o First quantity to second quantity for shipments
requiring two quantities
61
Editing
Ratio Edits
• Unit price example - Fireworks
– We edit the quantity using unit price parameters
of 0.663966/kg and $30.165/kg
– We expect a $40,000 shipment of fireworks from
China to have a quantity between 1,326 kg and
60,244 kg
• $10,000,000 / 10,000,000 kg
62
Editing
Maximums and Minimums
• General Maximums
o Shipping weight exceeds what the mode of
transportation can carry
• Commodity-specific maximums
o Maximum shipping weights
– Example: 20 kilograms of diamonds unlikely
o Maximum values
• Maximum quantities
63
Editing
Commodity Specific Parameters
• 2.7 million parameters
• Files containing editing parameters by
commodity
• Flexible – can easily make necessary
changes to parameters
64
Editing
Error resolution
• Cannot review every erroneous
record
• Analysts review records that have
the most impact
• Edit programs impute insignificant
records
65
Editing
Imputation
• Impute a new quantity or shipping weight
from a factor and value or previously
edited field
• Unit price example
1,000 kg of fireworks valued at $40,000
would reject our edit. Using an imputation
factor of $4.51/kg, the edit program would
change quantity to 8,853 kg.
66
Editing
Analyst review
• Contact the filer
• Ensure correct classification
• Bypass the edits
67
Editing
Analyst Review
• Review data by grouping individual records
• Aggregate by commodity to determine if total
values and quantities are reasonable
• Utilize control files
• Compare measures to previous months –
look for missing or misreported data and
identify processing problems
68
Import Data Categories
•
•
•
•
Consumption Entry
Warehouse/FTZ Withdrawal
Admission to Warehouse/FTZ
General Imports are Consumption Entry
and Admission to Warehouse/FTZ
• Consumption imports are Consumption
Entry and Warehouse/FTZ Withdrawal
69
Import Data Categories
Usually
Imports for Consumption <= General Imports
Remember:
Consumption = Consumption+withdrawals
General = Consumption+admissions
70
Why would Consumption be greater
than General Imports?
Goods processed in a FTZ
Example: Petroleum entered in FTZ
 General import stats would show Ch 27 when
goods admitted to FTZ
 Petroleum is processed in the zone, creating
byproducts classified in Ch 25
 Therefore imports for consumption are based
on what EXITS the zone (Ch 25)
71
Why would Consumption be greater than
General Imports?
Petroleum processed in a FTZ could result in:
Chapter 27
General import stats > Consumption stats
Chapter 25
General Import stats < Consumption stats
72
Export Data Categories
Domestic
– Merchandise grown, produced or manufactured in
the U.S.
– Foreign merchandise changed in the U.S.
Foreign (re-export)
– Foreign merchandise, entered for consumption or
into a warehouse or FTZ, that is unchanged at the
time of export
Published exports are domestic exports and
foreign exports
73
Data Categories
Noncontiguous trade
– PR and VI trade with U.S. are Noncontiguous exports
74
Raw Data Versus Published
Statistics
Why is the data on the portal different from
published statistics?
– Several sources of data
We pull data from several different sources, including
estimating low value shipments.
– The data are categorized
Double counting trade into and out of warehouses and
Foreign Trade Zones
– We make changes to the data during processing
Non-statistical Data, Data Corrections, Alteration of Data
– Time periods
75
Data Processing and Editing
Questions please!
[email protected]
(301)763-7041
76
Process Coordination Staff
The
United States – Canada
Data Exchange
What is the United States – Canada
Data Exchange?
Agreement between the
governments of the United
States and Canada
78
Reasons for Data Exchange??
• Rise in undercoverage of export statistics in the ’70s
and ’80s
• Increasing operating costs to process Shipper’s Export
Declarations
• Eliminate reporting burden of exporters
• Greater scrutiny of import statistics
• Geographical location of both countries
79
Who’s Involved ?
United States
• Census Bureau (Census)
• Customs & Border Protection (CBP)
Canada
• Statistics Canada (STC)
• Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA)
80
What Happens?
The U.S. Census Bureau and Statistics
Canada exchange each other’s import
statistics to publish their export statistics.
When Canadian Imports Arrive at
Census
• STC transmits files twice per month
• Adjustments are required
82
• Freight
Adjustments
• Currency Conversion
• U.S. Exports of Foreign Goods to Canada
• Exports of U.S. goods to Canada from other
countries
• Revisions
83
Inland Freight
• Exclusion of inland freight charges in
Canadian imports
• Inclusion of inland freight charges in U.S.
exports
• Census adds inland freight charges to
compensate for the difference in valuation
84
Currency Conversion
• U.S. Federal Reserve’s monthly
exchange rate
• STC converts to U.S. Dollars and
transmits data to Census
85
Exports of Foreign Goods to
Canada
• Census counts these goods as U.S. exports to
Canada
• STC does not count these goods as imports
from the U.S.
• The Data Exchange accounts for this
difference by adding these goods to the U.S.
export statistics
86
Exports of U.S. Goods to Canada
from Other Countries
• STC counts these goods as imports from the
U.S.
• Census does not count these goods as U.S.
exports
• The Data Exchange accounts for this
difference by excluding these goods from the
U.S. export statistics
87
Revisions
• Estimates for Late Arrivals
• Corrections from STC
• Corrections Made by Census
88
Estimates for Late Arrivals
• STC sends Census estimates for late
arrivals
• The estimates are replaced with actual
values the following month in the FT900 press release only
89
Corrections from STC
• STC sends corrections to data
transmissions
• Census receives the corrections and
applies them to the export statistics
90
Corrections Made By Census
• Census applies manual corrections based on
data verification
• Census verifies corrections with STC
counterpart
• These corrections occur prior to publication
when possible
91
Other U.S./Canada Issues
• Railcar Data
• Data Conversions
• In-transit Shipments
• U.S. Exports Shipped from Canadian Ports
92
Railcar Data
• Duty-free railcars and locomotives are
exempt from import filing requirements
93
Data Conversions
• HS Recodes
• Quantity Conversions
94
In-transit Shipments
• Import filing issue
• Effect on data
95
U.S. Exports Shipped from
Canadian Ports
• Filing compliance issue
• Possible source of undercoverage
96
Questions???
Questions
??
??
??
Questions
??
Questions
??
97
U.S. Census Bureau
Foreign Trade Division
Trade with Partner Countries
Earle Patrick
May 16, 2007
U.S. Census Bureau
Trade with Partner Countries
Major reasons for discrepancies
•
•
•
Trade Involving a third country
In-transit goods
Different trade systems
99
Trade with Partner Countries
Other reasons for discrepancies
•
•
•
•
Re-import of goods
Insurance and Freight charges
Treatment of low-value shipments
Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands
100
Trade with Partner Countries
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What is considered an export ?
Domestically produced merchandise
sold to a foreign country
Foreign goods resold to a foreign country
Parts exported for further processing or
incorporation into a more advanced product
Capital equipment shipped to a foreign
assembly or manufacturing location
Charitable goods
101
Trade with Partner Countries
UN guidelines for imports
• Grown, mined, or produced
• Substantially transformed
• U.S. Customs determines origin when
necessary
102
Trade with Partner Countries
Trade involving a third country
•China exports to India
•India resells product to U.S.
•China is still country of origin
103
Trade with Partner Countries
In-transit goods
• Definition of in-transit goods
• Administrative requirements
• Shippers send goods as normal imports
to U.S.
104
Trade with Partner Countries
Re-import of goods
• Chapters 1 – 97
• Chapter 98 – heading 9801
105
Trade with Partner Countries
Different trade systems
• General trade system
• Special trade system
106
Trade with Partner Countries
Insurance and Freight Charges
• Customs value
• Cost, Insurance, and Freight
107
Trade with Partner Countries
Miscellaneous Reasons
• Low-value shipments
• Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands
108
Trade with Partner Countries
Any questions ?
109
Methods Research & Quality Assurance Branch
Port and
Mode of Transportation Data
Lee Stefanis
May 16, 2007
U.S. Census Bureau
110
Introduction
District/Port Data Definitions:
 District of Exportation
 Vessel or Air – Custom’s district where merchandise is
loaded and taken out of the country
 Overland – Custom’s district where merchandise crosses
the U.S. Border into foreign territory
 First 2 digits of port code
111
Introduction
 Import District of Entry
 The district in which merchandise clears Customs for
entry into consumption channels, bonded warehouses,
or Foreign Trade Zones.
 Import District of Unlading
 The district where merchandise is unloaded from the
importing vessel or aircraft.
112
Introduction
Method of Transportation:
 Transportation Statistics Categories
 Vessel, Air, and Other Methods
 Based on the method of transportation by which
the merchandise arrives in or departs from the
United States
 We obtain this information from the documentation
the filers provide
 Other methods are available for certain publication
(i.e. rail vs. truck)
113
Introduction
Method of Transportation:
Entering/Departing through Canada &
Mexico
Recorded under the method of
transportation by which they enter or
depart the U.S. regardless of the
transportation mode for the rest of their
journey
114
How does a truck get here from
China?
 Method of Transportation is identified by
the method of conveyance that is used
when the shipment crosses the border into
the U.S.
 Example: China  Canada on vessel, then
Canada  U.S. on truck
 Over 5% of goods arriving over land
originate in countries other than Canada
and Mexico.
115
Reporting of District/Port Data
Quality Issues:
 Filing
 Imports – data captured at time of entry summary
 Exports – port where shipment is expected to ship from
 Knowledge of Filer
 Airports and Seaports
 Correcting the obsolete/incorrect codes
116
Mail, Pipeline and Other
Unknowns
U.S. Mail
For exports via U.S. Mail, filers can
report any code, but the Census
Bureau changes the code to ‘8000’
The Census Bureau corrects some
export shipments that are incorrectly
reported as mail (e.g. fire trucks)
117
Mail, Pipeline and Other
Unknowns
Pipeline
For shipments by pipeline, exporters
file with the port having jurisdiction
for the pipeline
118
Mail, Pipeline and Other
Unknowns
Other Unknowns
In some cases a commodity, such as
cattle, can cross the border anywhere,
so the reported port may not be the
location of movement into or out of
the U.S.
119
User-Fee Ports and Nearby
Ports
A lot of couriers have their own port
codes
Recoding of courier port codes
120
Canadian Data Exchange
Quality Issue
We take Canada’s imports for our exports
which can lead to inaccurate port code
information
121
Questions?
Lee Stefanis
[email protected]
(301) 763-3150
122
U.S. Census Bureau
Foreign Trade Division
Quality Issues
Alison Gajcowski
May 16, 2007
U.S. Census Bureau
Sources of Errors
– Nonfiling of documentation
– Transiting goods
– Underestimation of low value transactions
– Late filing
– Reporting errors
– Data capture errors
124
Nonfiling of Export
Documentation
– Example:
• If exporting to Canada, no documentation of
export is required
• BUT if shipping through Canada to Spain
documentation is required
– FTZ withdrawals for export
125
Quality Issues
FTZ
FTZ
Shipment in-bond,
no duties paid
U.S. Customs
Territory
Import documentation must be
filled out, duties paid
Spain
Export documentation
should be
filled out
126
Nonfiling of Export
Documentation Cont’d
– Increased electronic filing
• Reduces the instances of nonfiling
• Less export paper documents are lost
127
Nonfiling of Import
Documentation
– Rail cars
• By law importers of rail cars are not required to
report their shipments
128
Classification
– Exports and duty free imports are not
scrutinized as closely for proper
classification
– 80% of imports are duty free
129
Reasons for Misclassification
– Typos
– Duty avoidance
– Not understanding the classification
system
* ABI and AES utilize edits to detect misreporting
and send error messages to the filers*
130
Low Value Estimation
– Value of these shipments is estimated
– Factors based on ratios of low valued
shipments to individual country total for
past periods
– The factors used may no longer be
effective and FTD is in the process of
improving the estimation methods
131
Charges
– If a charge (such as invoiced freight, insurance, or
other charges) is included in the invoice price,
then all must be included in the customs value
– If an importer does not know the exact value of all
charges, than they must be estimated
– To have an item excluded, must provide
documentation
– Result is that actual value of goods may be
overstated for some commodities
132
Carryover
– Term used to identify the trade records
received and/or processed too late for
inclusion with records that transaction
month
– Current carryover rate (2006 avg)
• 0.35% exports
• 0.94% imports
133
Carryover
– Each month in the FT900, the total import,
export, trade balance and “end-use” totals
for the prior month are adjusted for
carryover
• SITC (Standard International Trade Classification)
and country detail reports not revised
– Annual revision takes place each June
• SITC and country detail reports are revised
134
Revisions
– Every June of the current year, FTD
publishes an annual revision of the
previous year
• Carryover correction
• Corrections resulting from data investigations
• Customs and Canadian revisions
135
Automated Reporting
– Allows the Census Bureau to receive and
compile data quickly
– Error reduction
• Exports
– 56% of SEDs contain errors versus only 10% of AES
records
• Imports
– 37% of Customs Entry Forms 7501 contain errors
versus only 8% of ABI records
136
Example:
Filing Type
Number of Records in Error
If No Upfront
Editing
Current Paper
Editing
Process AES
4.32 Million
420,000
1.525 Million
137
Automated Reporting
– ABI and AES intercept data problems and
return error messages to the broker or filer
for resolution
– Census Bureau edits also reside in the
Statistics Canada import processing
system
– Internal Census Bureau edits are used to
prepare the data for dissemination
138
Quality Issues
Any Questions?
[email protected]
(301)763-7043
139
U.S. Census Bureau
Foreign Trade Division
Origin of Movement Export State
Origin State, ZIP Code & Sub-state Data
John Chantis
May 16, 2007
Economic Research Service
Washington, DC
Background:
Origin of Movement (OM) State – Based on
Origin State
 Available 1987 – Present
 On our monthly FT900 Press Release,
Supplement, exhibit 2
Origin of Movement (OM) – ZIP Code Based
 Available on website starting with January
2006 statistics
141
Based on Origin State:

Available 1987-Present

Based on the state in which the goods
begin their journey to the port of export

Does not represent the production origin of
U.S. export merchandise
142
Origin State examples:

Goods warehoused in GA  transported to
a FL port to be shipped to a foreign country.
OM state is……GA

Auto parts produced from many states are
consolidated in TX to be exported to
Mexico. OM state is…… TX.
143
Origin of Movement (OM) State Series –

Available in our monthly FT900 Press
Release, supplement, exhibit 2

Web address:
http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/PressRelease/current_press_release/exh2s.pdf

Screen image follows
144
145
Other available state data products:

FTD - Quarterly and Annual OM state data on
CDROM. Please call our Current Systems
Programming Branch on 301-763-2214.
Available in three options….
Option 1: State by 3-Digit NAICS Commodity by
Country (Total, Air and Vessel).
Option 2: Region by 4-Digit SITC, District/Port of
Exit, & Country (Total, Air & Vessel).
Option 3: State by District/Port of Exit, & Country
(Total, Air & Vessel)- No Commodity Detail
146
Other products …
 Global Trade Information Services (GTIS) WORLD TRADE ATLAS * U.S. State Export
Edition Online. http://www.gtis.com
 Manufacturing and Construction Division
(MCD) - Gives exports by state, NAICS and
major economic sector. Available online at
http://www.census.gov/mcd.
147
Based on ZIP Code:

Available January 2006 - Present

The ZIP Code of the USPPI, the party in
the US that receives the primary benefit
from the shipment

Does not necessarily represent the location
of the USPPI
148
ZIP Code State examples:

Goods warehoused in GA  transported to
a FL port to be shipped to a foreign country.
ZIP state is ...GA

For shipments with multiple origins, report
the address from which the commodity with
the greatest value begins its journey.
149
ZIP Code Based report:

Similar to OM supplement, exhibit 2 press
release; available on our website:
http://www.census.gov/foreigntrade/statistics/state/zip/index.html

FTD - Quarterly and Annual ZIP state data
on CDROM. Please call our Current
Systems Programming Branch on 301-7632214. Available in the same three options.
150
OM State vs. ZIP Based State
2006
State
Wyoming
Hawaii
Louisiana
Alaska
South Dakota
.
Illinois
Connecticut
Minnesota
Michigan
Dist of Columbia
OM
830.0
705.7
23,503.4
4,044.4
1,185.2
.
42,084.6
12,238.3
16,309.3
40,405.4
1,039.9
ZIP
Pct Diff
299.5
-63.92
328.1
-53.51
12,909.6
-45.07
2,283.7
-43.53
839.7
-29.15
.
.
51,389.1
22.11
16,051.8
31.16
22,444.0
37.61
58,492.3
44.76
3,166.7
204.52
Q1 = -11.15 Median = -2.93 Q3 = 5.54
#States within (-10, 10) = 29
151
OM State vs. ZIP Based State
February 2007
State
Alaska
Wyoming
Louisiana
Iowa
Nevada
.
Connecticut
Illinois
Michigan
Minnesota
Dist of Columbia
OM
324.7
60.0
2,584.8
746.2
447.1
.
1,008.7
3,438.8
3,215.5
1,243.6
52.2
ZIP
Pct Diff
116.4
-64.15
21.7
-63.83
1,186.5
-54.10
509.4
-31.73
345.6
-22.70
.
.
1,244.8
23.41
4,347.1
26.41
4,853.5
50.94
1,916.6
54.12
165.5
217.05
Q1 = -12.42 Median = -2.66 Q3 = 6.27
#States within (-10, 10) = 28
152
Sub-State Data
 Data historically based on Metropolitan
Area (MA).
 MA’s are now called Core Based
Statistical Area (CBSA) by Office of
Management & Budget (OMB).
 New definitions for CBSA’s were
announced by OMB on June 2003.
153
Sub-State Data
 CBSA’s based on zip code of US Principle
Party in Interest (USPPI).
 CBSA’s now cover areas of 10 to 50
thousand population, which were not
covered by MA’s.
 CBSA codes increase coverage to about
93% of the population vs 80% with MA’s.
154
Sub-State Data
 In 2006 completed a quality review and
disclosure analysis of 3-digit ZIP Codes,
CBSA Metro, and other tables based on
2005 data
 As historically, under contract, we have
produced data for ITA which they release
 Last year we provided 3-digit ZIP Code &
CBSA Metro totals for 2005 Export data to
ITA
155
Future Goal…
Have started preliminary work to provide data
to ITA based on 2006 trade.
• The current contract calls for CBSA by 3-digit
NAICS, CBSA by Destination, CBSA by 3digit NAICS by Destination, and other tables
of trade totals.
• 2006 CBSA data will be available mid to late
2007.
156
For more information:
[email protected]
Special Projects Branch
Foreign Trade Division
(301) 763-3251
www.census.gov/foreign-trade/www/
157
158
U.S. Census Bureau
Foreign Trade Division
Profile of U.S. Exporting
Companies 2004-2005
Jeff McHugh
May 16, 2007
U.S. Census Bureau
Profile of U.S. Exporters 2004 – 2005
Released January 10, 2007
Available on FTD Website back to 1996
http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/aip/index.html#profile
160
Profile of U.S. Exporters 2004 – 2005
$
Partially ponsored by the
International Trade Administration (ITA)
Produced by the Special Projects Branch
Produced by linking export records to the Census
Business Register, which contains employment,
company types, & company locations
161
Profile of U.S. Exporters 2004 – 2005
Composition of Total Export Value: 2005
2%
Unidentified =
Exports that could not
be matched to Business
Register

11%
Identified = Exports
that could be matched to
the Business Register
(Known export value)

87%
Other = Low value
est., revisions, Gov’t
shipments

Unidentified
Identified
Other
162
Profile of U.S. Exporters 2004 – 2005
The Profile can answer questions such as:
 Value that can be attributed to large
manufacturers in 2005
 Canada’s known export value that can be
attributed to companies with 1 to 19
employees
 Number of companies that exported from
Maryland in 2005 and how much known
value was exported
163
Profile of U.S. Exporters 2004 – 2005
Profile Provides Data Users:
 Exporting community’s employment sizes,
types of companies, & major foreign
markets
 Top 25 U.S. export countries and multiple
country groupings
 Export value and number of exporters for
each state (OM State)
 Number of employees of identified
exporting companies
164
Profile of U.S. Exporters 2004 – 2005
The profile report provides
information on 2 main characteristics:
Company type – NAICS based
(North American Industry Classification System)
Company size - # of employees
Small (0-99 employees)
Medium (100-499 employees)
Large (500 or more employees)
165
Profile of U.S. Exporters 2004 – 2005
2005 Known Export Value
By Company Type
Manufacturers
68%
Wholesalers
19%
Others
12%
Unclassified
1%
166
Profile of U.S. Exporters 2004 – 2005
2005 Top 10 Export Countries
Known Export Value (in billions)
$157.6
$140
$120
$105.6
$100
$80
$52.2
$60
$39.4
$34.8
$40
$31.4
$25.0
$24.7
$20.7
$20.3
$20
an
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ai
w
ce
Fr
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et
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a
N
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$0
167
% of Known Export Value
Profile of U.S. Exporters 2004 – 2005
2005 Export Concentration
70.0%
61.3%
60.0%
51.6%
50.0%
38.7%
40.0%
30.0%
30.0%
20.0%
20.0%
10.0%
12.6%
8.6%
0.0%
Top Top Top Top Top Top Top
4
8
20 50 100 250 500
Companies
168
Profile of U.S. Exporters 2004 – 2005
2005 Export Value and Number of Exporters
by Employee Sizes
100%
3%
7%
80%
60%
71%
90%
40%
Employee Sizes:
10%
Large (500 or More)
20%
Medium (100-499)
19%
0%
Small (0-99)
Known Export
Value
Number of
Exporters
($784.5 bil.)
(239,094)
169
Profile of U.S. Exporters 2004 – 2005
How is our data valuable to data users?
Example:
A data user wants to know how many Large sized companies
(500+ Employees) export to OPEC countries and how much
value is exported.
170
Profile of U.S. Exporters 2004 – 2005
Special requests for data:
If there is a special tabulation that is not included in the Profile,
we may be able to provide it to you for a cost.
Example:
A data user wanted to know the number of U.S. companies
that exported to Central American Free Trade Agreement
(CAFTA) countries in a given year.
Table 5a of the Profile did not provide export data on these
CAFTA countries, so we compiled the data and gave it to the
data user for a cost.
171
Profile of U.S. Exporters 2004 – 2005
The EDB Team
Kristen Corwin
Jeff McHugh
Chris Farmer
(301)763-3629
172
Profile of U.S. Exporters 2004 – 2005
173
Data Dissemination Branch
Understanding and Using
Foreign Trade Data Seminar
May 16, 2007
174
Press Releases
• FT-900: U.S. International Trade In Goods
and Services
• FT-900A: U.S. Imports for Consumption of
Steel Products
• Profile of U.S. Exporting Companies
• Related Party Trade
www.census.gov/trade
175
Data Reports
• Softwood Lumber Imports from Canada
• FT920: U.S. Merchandise Trade:
Selected Highlights
www.census.gov/trade
176
Trade Statistics
Commodity
Advanced Technology Products,
End-Use, NAICS, SITC
Country
Top Trading Partners
Trade in Goods by Country
Trade with Puerto Rico and U.S. Possessions
Special Reports
Textile Imports
www.census.gov/trade
177
State Export Data
• U.S. Exports of Goods by State
Origin of Movement
NAICS - Product Groupings
• State Exports by Top 25
Commodities & Countries
www.census.gov/trade
178
U.S. Imports and Exports of
Merchandise Trade Data
Monthly
• Entire FTD Data Base
• HS Detail - All Commodities
• Value, Quantity, Shipping Weight
• Country, District
• Method of Transportation
www.census.gov/trade
179
U.S. Imports and Exports of
Merchandise Trade Data
Monthly continued
• Monthly and Year-to-Date Statistics
• Concordance
• Look-up Software
Five Year History
• Annual Revisions
www.census.gov/trade
180
Other Data Products
• Selected Commodity Subscription Service
(1 to 10 Reports)
• Data Banks
• Port HS
• Customized Reports
www.census.gov/trade
181
USATrade Online
• Exports and Imports
• Harmonized System (HS) Classification
• Country and District level
• Monthly and Year-to-Date data 2002 - present
• Annual data from 1992 – present
http://www.usatradeonline.gov/
182
Port Data on USATrade Online
• District, Port, and Country
• Monthly, YTD, and Annual
from 2003 – Present
• 2-, 4-, and 6-Digit HS
• Imports and Exports
http://www.usatradeonline.gov/
183
Port Data on USATrade Online
•Total Value
•Vessel Value
•Vessel Shipping Weight
•Air Value
•Air Shipping Weight
•Containerized Vessel Value
•Containerized Vessel Shipping Weight
http://www.usatradeonline.gov/
184
USATrade Online Features
• Search by word or code
• Drill down by HS level
• Print, Chart, Download reports
• Create and save custom reports
• Standard reports
http://www.usatradeonline.gov/
185
USATrade Online Features
•Rank
• Highlight
•Graph
• Calculate
•Sort
• Suppress
•Drag and Drop
http://www.usatradeonline.gov/
186
Coming Soon to USATrade Online
•NAICS – Imports
•NAICS – Exports
•State Exports by
2-, 4-, and 6-Digit HS
2-, 3-, and 4-Digit NAICS
http://www.usatradeonline.gov/
187
FTD Website - Features
• Search
Index, Map, and Search
• FTD Web News
• FTD Links
Release Dates, Announcements
www.census.gov/trade
188
FTD Website - References
• Schedule B Search Engine
Browse, Search or Download Schedule B Book
• Information
Concordance Files
Obsolete to New Codes
Notices, Guides, Papers
Classifications Codes
Staff Directories
www.census.gov/trade
189
Data Dissemination Branch
Customized Reports
(301) 763- 2311
(301) 457-4615 (Fax)
General Inquiries
(301) 763-2227
(301) 457-2647 (Fax)
[email protected]
www.census.gov/trade/
190