20110125a.pdf
IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program
Research Report Cover Sheet
Trial: 2010 NY
Researcher(s) Dan Gilrein
Affiliation:
Cornell University
Cornell Cooperative Extension, L.I. Res
3059 Sound Avenue
Riverhead
NY
PhoneNumber: 631-727-3595X2
[email protected]
Email:
ProjectTitle:
Protocol #:
11901
Mite (not spider mites) Efficacy
10-014
PR#
Research Target
Crop/Plant
Product
EPA Reg. # Production Site
29563
Broad Mite
New Guinea Impatiens
Avid 0.15EC
Polyphagotarsonemus latus
Impatiens New Guinea hy Abamectin
Syngenta
Broad Mite
New Guinea Impatiens
432-1471
Polyphagotarsonemus latus
Impatiens New Guinea hy Spirotetramat
OHP
Broad Mite
New Guinea Impatiens
10163-297
Polyphagotarsonemus latus
Impatiens New Guinea hy Fenazaquin
29559
29800
Greenhouse
C
Greenhouse
C
Greenhouse
C
Broad Mite
Polyphagotarsonemus latus
New Guinea Impatiens
MBI 203
Greenhouse
Impatiens New Guinea hy Chromobacterium subtsugae Marrone Organ
C
Broad Mite
New Guinea Impatiens
Greenhouse
C
Polyphagotarsonemus latus
Impatiens New Guinea hy Emamectin benzoate
Syngenta
29560
Broad Mite
Polyphagotarsonemus latus
New Guinea Impatiens
Pylon
Impatiens New Guinea hy Chlorfenapyr
241-374-59807 Greenhouse
BASF
C
29905
Broad Mite
New Guinea Impatiens
-
Greenhouse
C
Polyphagotarsonemus latus
Impatiens New Guinea hy SuffOil X
Broad Mite
New Guinea Impatiens
Greenhouse
C
Polyphagotarsonemus latus
Impatiens New Guinea hy Chlorfenapyr + horticultural o No Manufactur
29562
Broad Mite
Polyphagotarsonemus latus
New Guinea Impatiens
Tank Mix: Pylon + SuffOil X
Impatiens New Guinea hy Chlorfenapyr +
Greenhouse
No Manufactur
C
29801
Broad Mite
New Guinea Impatiens
-
C
Polyphagotarsonemus latus
Impatiens New Guinea hy Metarhizium anisophliae
29558
29557
29561
Kontos (BYI 8330 240SC)
Magus
Proclaim 5SG
SuffOil X (Synergy)
100-896
Status
Gowan
-
Bioworks
Tank Mix: Pylon + Horticultur -
TickEx
Novozymes Bi
Greenhouse
Efficacy of Several Products for Managing Broad Mite
Protocol #: 10-014
Lea Loizos, Program Associate
Daniel Gilrein, Extension Entomologist
Lucille Siracusano, Program Assistant
Cornell University Cooperative Extension of Suffolk County
Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center
Riverhead, NY 11901
January 2011
Introduction
Broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus [Banks]) continues to be a pest of a number
of greenhouse crops. Relatively few effective miticides available to growers are
labeled for control of tarsonemid mites. A greenhouse trial was conducted from
September 20, 2010 to January 6, 2011 to evaluate and compare existing miticides
to several new materials for control of broad mite on New Guinea impatiens. The
foliar-applied materials tested were: Avid 0.15EC (abamectin, Syngenta) at 8 fl
oz/100 gal, Pylon 2SC (chlorfenapyr, BASF) at 5.6 fl oz/100 gal, Pylon 2SC at 5.6 fl oz
tank mixed with Ultra Pure Oil (98% paraffinic mineral oil, Whitmire Micro-Gen) at
1 gal/100 gal, Pylon 2SC at 5.6 fl oz tank mixed with Suffoil-X (80% petroleum oil,
BioWorks) at 1 gal/100 gal, Suffoil-X at 1 gal/100 gal, Kontos 2SC (spirotetramat,
OHP) at 3.4 fl ox/100 gal, Magus 1.6SC (fenazaquin, Gowan) at 24fl oz and 12 fl
oz/100 gal, MBI 203 EP (Chromobacteria subtsugae, Marrone Bio Innovations) at 5
gal and 1 gal/100 gal, and Proclaim 5SG (emamectin benzoate, Syngenta) at 8 fl oz
and 4 fl oz/100 gal. Kontos 2SC was also included as a drench treatment at 50
mls/1100 5.5” pots. Water-sprayed plants were included as a control.
Materials and methods
Cuttings were taken from ‘Celebrette Purple’ New Guinea impatiens (Impatiens x
hawkeri ‘Celebrette Purple’) on September 20 and placed in grow cubes under a
misting bench. Rooted cuttings were transplanted into 5.25” pots using a
commercial peat-based growing media (Pro-Mix) during the week of October 11. On
November 1, plants were pinched to encourage growth. Plants were maintained in
the greenhouse and hand-watered until November 18 when they were moved to
ebb-and-flood irrigation and fed 150 ppm N using a complete fertilizer (Peters Excel
15-5-15) at each watering. Beginning on November 18 and again two weeks later,
plants were manually infested with broad mite from an existing greenhouse colony
by placing foliage from infested plants onto clean plants.
Once the broad mite population had become established, treatments listed in Table
1 were randomly assigned to eight single-plant replications. An initial count of the
number of motile mites and the number of healthy eggs on six partially-expanded
terminal leaves per plant was taken on December 7 to verify that mites had
established equally on all plants. The height and width of each plant was also
recorded at this time. The first application of all treatments was made on December
10 and plants were then arranged in a completely randomized design and
Researchers: Daniel Gilrein and Lea Loizos
PR #: 10-014
maintained as before. Kontos drench applications were made in 200 ml of water. A
second application of all foliar treatments, with the exception of Magus and Kontos,
was made on December 20. A second foliar application of Kontos was made on
December 24. All foliar applications were made using a CO2-powered backpack
sprayer fitted with a TeeJet 8006 VS nozzle at 30 psi to thoroughly wet all foliage.
The number of live mites and healthy eggs was counted on six partially-expanded
terminal leaves per plant on December 14, four days after the initial treatment, and
again on December 21 and January 4. A final damage rating was taken on January 6
and final height and width ratings were taken on January 12. ANOVA and multiple
comparisons among treatments were performed on raw or transformed data using a
statistical multiple comparison procedure (JMP 7, SAS Institute). Results are shown
in Tables 1-4.
Results and Discussion
Pre-treatment counts of both motile mites and healthy eggs indicate that mite levels
were equal among all treatments at the start of the trial (Tables 1 and 2). A
significant effect due to treatment was seen four days after the initial applications
were made. All treatments, with the exception of Kontos (both drench and foliar)
and MBI 203EP, had significantly lower numbers of motile mites as compared to the
untreated control plants. Avid, Pylon, the Pylon + oil combinations, Suffoil-X, the
high rate of Magus, and Proclaim (both rates) provided the greatest level of control
after the initial application. Two weeks after treatment the Kontos drench also had
significantly fewer mites than the control plants.
Data collected on December 21, one day after the second foliar application was
applied to selected treatments as indicated, show a similar trend: all treatments
except MBI 203EP had significantly fewer mites than the control plants (Table 1).
The Kontos foliar treatment began to show greater efficacy 11 days after the initial
application with significantly fewer mites than the untreated plants at that time. The
average number of mites per plant remained significantly lower than the untreated
plants after the second Kontos (spray) application on December 24, although still
not completely eliminated.
At the final counts, Avid, Pylon, the Pylon + oil combinations, and both rates of
Proclaim continued to provide the greatest level of residual control 24 days after the
initial application with few to no mites or eggs present. The Kontos drench and
foliar treatments also continued to provide significantly better control than the
untreated plants. At this point in the trial, mite numbers began to increase in both
the Suffoil-X and Magus treated plants, suggesting that an additional application
may have been necessary to maintain efficacy.
Symptoms of phytotoxicity began to show up after the second foliar application as
indicated in the ratings taken on January 6 (Table 3). (Phytotoxicity ratings taken
after the first application showed no damage in any treatment.) Plants treated with
the Pylon + Ultra-Pure oil combination showed severe leaf burn and bud injury.
Researchers: Daniel Gilrein and Lea Loizos
PR #: 10-014
Plants treated with the Pylon + Suffoil-X combination also showed a bit of leaf burn,
primarily at the leaf tips, though significantly less so than those treated with Pylon +
Ultra-Pure. No other treatments exhibited any signs of phytotoxicity. Flowers were
consistently removed from all plants for the majority of the trial to control a lowlevel thrips infestation; leaf curling and distortion were seen in all treatments –
likely due to environmental factors – so no overall quality or marketability ratings
were taken at the end of the study. It was noted, however, once flowers were
allowed to grow back at the end of the trial, that some of the treatments that had
been showing efficacy were also showing signs of typical broad mite damage on
buds and flowers (stippling, stunting, etc.), some more severely than others. An
inspection of three buds from each of these treatments – Avid, Pylon, Pylon + SuffoilX, Suffoil-X, Kontos drench, and both rates of Proclaim – found that most were free
of mites with the exception of Suffoil-X and the Kontos drench. Given that mite
populations were beginning to increase on the Suffoil-X-treated plants at that point
in the trial, it is not surprising that mites were seen on buds from these plants. The
presence of mites on buds of plants that received the Kontos drench is more
surprising as mite levels were very low on foliage, suggesting that the material may
not translocate well to the flowers, and/or an indication of limited residual efficacy,
as flowers were allowed to develop only late in the trial.
Height and width measurements taken at the beginning and end of the trial indicate
that there was no significant difference in growth amongst treatments (Table 4.)
The destructive sampling that was necessary to conduct mite counts likely impacted
the growth of all plants equally, regardless of the level of mite infestation.
Researchers: Daniel Gilrein and Lea Loizos
PR #: 10-014
Table 1.
Control of broad mite on ‘Celebrette Purple’ New Guinea impatiens treated with foliar and
drench insecticides, Riverhead, NY, 2010.
Sample Date
Treatment
Rate
Application
12/7
12/14**
12/21*
12/28
1/4*
and formulation
100 gals
method
interval
precount
broad mites/plant
Avid 0.15EC
8 fl oz
foliar
2 app, 7 d
8.1ns
0.1
e
0.1
d
0.0
g
Pylon 2SC
5.6 fl oz
foliar
2 app, 7 d
10.1ns
0.6
de
0.1
d
0.1
g
Pylon 2SC +
5.6 fl oz
Ultra-Pure Oil
1%
foliar
2 app, 7 d
8.0ns
0.0
e
0.1
d
0.3
fg
Pylon 2SC +
5.6 fl oz
Suffoil-X
1%
foliar
2 app, 7 d
7.6ns
0.0
e
0.4
d
0.1
g
Suffoil-X
1%
foliar
2 app, 7 d
8.0ns
2.3
de
1.3 cd
8.6 bcde
Kontos 2SC
50 ml/1100 pots
drench
1 app
7.6ns
16.4a
3.3 cd
2.6
efg
Kontos 2SC
3.4 fl oz
foliar 2 app, 14 d
8.3ns
6.5abcd
5.6 bc
4.0 b
4.5
defg
Magus 1.6SC
24 fl oz
foliar
1 app
7.5ns
0.9
de
2.3 cd
5.9 cdef
Magus 1.6SC
12 fl oz
foliar
1 app
8.4ns
4.3 bcde
4.3 cd
11.8abcd
MBI 203EP
5%
foliar
2 app, 7 d
9.4ns
15.1abc
13.6ab
15.1ab
MBI 203EP
1%
foliar
2 app, 7 d
7.5ns
11.0ab
13.8ab
20.9a
Proclaim 5SG
8 oz
foliar
2 app, 7 d
7.3ns
1.3
de
0.4
d
0.4
fg
Proclaim 5SG
4 oz
foliar
2 app, 7 d
9.8ns
2.0 cde
0.9
d
0.4
fg
Control (water spray)
foliar
8.8ns
21.4a
19.3a
21.4a
14.6abc
Means within columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different at p=0.05 (Tukey’s HSD).
*Data were transformed prior to analysis using sqrt(y)
**Data were transformed prior to analysis using log(y+1)
Researchers: Daniel Gilrein and Lea Loizos
PR #: 10-014
Table 2.
Numbers of broad mite eggs on ‘Celebrette Purple’ New Guinea impatiens treated with
drench insecticides, Riverhead, NY, 2010.
Sample Date
Treatment
Rate
Application
12/7
12/14*
12/21*
12/28
and formulation
100 gals
method
interval
precount
eggs/plant
Avid 0.15EC
8 fl oz
foliar
2 app, 7 d
10.4ns
1.0
def 0.1
e
Pylon 2SC
5.6 fl oz
foliar
2 app, 7 d
14.8ns
2.4 cdef 0.8
e
Pylon 2SC +
5.6 fl oz
Ultra-Pure Oil
1%
foliar
2 app, 7 d
11.6ns
1.5
def 0.3
e
Pylon 2SC +
5.6 fl oz
Suffoil-X
1%
foliar
2 app, 7 d
8.6ns
0.3
f 0.6
e
Suffoil-X
1%
foliar
2 app, 7 d
10.3ns
2.9 cdef 2.4
de
Kontos 2SC
50 ml/1100 pots
drench
1 app
10.6ns
7.8abcd
1.1
de
Kontos 2SC
3.4 fl oz
foliar 2 app, 14 d
7.9ns
4.6 bcdef 5.5 bcd
2.8 b
Magus 1.6SC
24 fl oz
foliar
1 app
12.9ns
2.4
def 3.4 cde
Magus 1.6SC
12 fl oz
foliar
1 app
17.3ns
7.8 bcde
9.3abc
MBI 203EP
5%
foliar
2 app, 7 d
13.4ns
17.1ab
19.3a
MBI 203EP
1%
foliar
2 app, 7 d
10.6ns
11.9abc
17.5ab
Proclaim 5SG
8 oz
foliar
2 app, 7 d
12.9ns
0.9
ef 0.3
e
Proclaim 5SG
4 oz
foliar
2 app, 7 d
11.9ns
2.0
def 1.4
de
Control (water spray)
foliar
17.0ns
26.1a
17.0ab
18.0a
Means within columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different at p=0.05 (Tukey’s HSD).
*Data were transformed prior to analysis using sqrt(y)
**Data were transformed prior to analysis using log(y+1)
Researchers: Daniel Gilrein and Lea Loizos
PR #: 10-014
foliar and
1/4**
0.0
0.0
g
g
0.0
g
0.0
g
8.9 bcde
0.4
efg
2.6
def
9.1 cde
12.3abcd
17.6ab
20.0a
0.0
fg
0.0
fg
12.8abc
Table 3.
Phytotoxicity rating of foliar and drench insecticides on ‘Celebrette Purple’ New Guinea
impatiens, Riverhead, NY, 2010.
Treatment
Rate
and formulation
100 gals
Avid 0.15EC
8 fl oz
Pylon 2SC
5.6 fl oz
Pylon 2SC +
5.6 fl oz
Ultra-Pure Oil
1%
Pylon 2SC +
5.6 fl oz
Suffoil-X
1%
Suffoil-X
1%
Kontos 2SC
50 ml/1100 pots
Kontos 2SC
3.4 fl oz
Magus 1.6SC
24 fl oz
Magus 1.6SC
12 fl oz
MBI 203EP
5%
MBI 203EP
1%
Proclaim 5SG
8 oz
Proclaim 5SG
4 oz
Control (water spray)
Application
method
interval
foliar
2 app, 7 d
foliar
2 app, 7 d
foliar
foliar
foliar
drench
foliar
foliar
foliar
foliar
foliar
foliar
foliar
foliar
2 app, 7 d
2 app, 7
2 app, 7
1 app
2 app, 14
1 app
1 app
2 app, 7
2 app, 7
2 app, 7
2 app, 7
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
Sample Date
1/6
0.0 c
0.0 c
6.4a
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
b
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Means within columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different at p=0.05 (Tukey’s HSD).
*Data were transformed prior to analysis using sqrt(y)
**Data were transformed prior to analysis using log(y+1)
Researchers: Daniel Gilrein and Lea Loizos
PR #: 10-014
Table 4.
Height and width of ‘Celebrette Purple’ New Guinea impatiens treated with foliar and drench
insecticides, Riverhead, NY, 2010.
Sample Date
Treatment
Rate
Application
12/14
1/12
and formulation
100 gals
method
interval
height
width
height
width
Avid 0.15EC
8 fl oz
foliar
2 app, 7 d
3.4ns
11.7ab
3.5ns
12.6ab
Pylon 2SC
5.6 fl oz
foliar
2 app, 7 d
2.8ns
10.6a
3.0ns
11.1ab
Pylon 2SC +
5.6 fl oz
Ultra-Pure Oil
1%
foliar
2 app, 7 d
3.2ns
13.0ab
3.1ns
10.3 b
Pylon 2SC +
5.6 fl oz
Suffoil-X
1%
foliar
2 app, 7 d
3.0ns
12.2ab
3.3ns
11.8ab
Suffoil-X
1%
foliar
2 app, 7 d
3.1ns
12.8ab
3.5ns
13.5a
Kontos 2SC
50 ml/1100 pots
drench
1 app
3.0ns
11.7ab
2.9ns
11.6ab
Kontos 2SC
3.4 fl oz
foliar
2 app, 7 d
2.7ns
11.5ab
2.8ns
11.9ab
Magus 1.6SC
24 fl oz
foliar
1 app
3.2ns
12.6ab
3.3ns
12.8ab
Magus 1.6SC
12 fl oz
foliar
1 app
2.7ns
13.2a
3.2ns
13.6a
MBI 203EP
5%
foliar
2 app, 7 d
3.3ns
12.8ab
3.4ns
11.9ab
MBI 203EP
1%
foliar
2 app, 7 d
3.3ns
12.9ab
3.3ns
12.9ab
Proclaim 5SG
8 oz
foliar
2 app, 7 d
2.9ns
13.1a
3.2ns
13.4a
Proclaim 5SG
4 oz
foliar
2 app, 7 d
3.2ns
12.4ab
3.7ns
12.7ab
Control (water spray)
foliar
3.0ns
12.1ab
3.4ns
12.8ab
Means within columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different at p=0.05 (Tukey’s HSD).
Researchers: Daniel Gilrein and Lea Loizos
PR #: 10-014