1. No category

www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
Specification and Sample Assessment Material
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics (4PH0)
First examination June 2013
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
Pearson Education Ltd is one of the UK’s largest awarding organisations, offering academic
and vocational qualifications and testing to schools, colleges, employers and other places of
learning, both in the UK and internationally. Qualifications offered include GCSE, AS and
A Level, NVQ and our BTEC suite of vocational qualifications, ranging from Entry Level to BTEC
Higher National Diplomas. Pearson Education Ltd administers Edexcel GCSE examinations.
Through initiatives such as onscreen marking and administration, Pearson is leading the way in
using technology to modernise educational assessment, and to support teachers and learners.
References to third-party material made in this specification are made in good faith. We
do not endorse, approve or accept responsibility for the content of materials, which may
be subject to change, or any opinions expressed therein. (Material may include textbooks,
journals, magazines and other publications and websites.)
Authorised by Martin Stretton
Prepared by Sarah Bacon
Publications code: UG030051
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Limited 2012
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
!"#$%"&#'("&)*+,-.*
!"#$%&$'()!*+,'
-./&%0%&12%34'
!"#$%&'()*"+)%",+&-.+'&/012&
!
!
!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
!"#$"%&'"(%$)"(**+#'&,)-"$.&/#)0%$)"#1$%2$"#3/&4,&*5.#*&('"$"-#0(%21(+.#
6)'#.%7/&"%.#
"#$#%&'%(!)%!*+#!,#-.%'%(!-$$.)-/+!*+-*!01'*0!*+#23!-%&!*+#!$.)(.#00')%!.)1*#!*+-*!
*+#4!5'0+!*)!6),,)53!&'66#.#%*!,#-.%'%(!$-*+5-40!/-%!01'*!&'66#.#%*!0*1&#%*07!8).!
2-%43!#0$#/'-,,4!*+)0#!/-$-9,#!)6!$.)(.#00')%!*)!61.*+#.!-/-&#2'/!0*1&4!'%!0/'#%/#:
.#,-*#&!019;#/*03!*+'0!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!A1-,'6'/-*')%!6).20!-%!'&#-,!(.)1%&'%(!'%!
0/'#%*'6'/!*+#).47!
B0#&!94!2-%4!BC!'%&#$#%&#%*!0/+)),0!-0!5#,,!-0!.#%)5%#&!'%*#.%-*')%-,!0/+)),03!
*+#!/)%*#%*!)6!*+#!>#.*'6'/-*#!'0D!
!!
#E-2'%#&!*#.2'%-,,4!*)!#%01.#!0#/1.#!-/A1'0'*')%!)6!F%)5,#&(#!
!!
#E-2'%#&!#E*#.%-,,4!G!/)%*.),,#&!-00#002#%*!'0!%)*!.#A1'.#&!
!!
6)/10#&!)%!*+#!F#4!*+#).4!*+-*!-,,!0*1&#%*0!%##&!*)!/)%0'&#.!61.*+#.!0*1&4!'%!
?/'#%/#7!
!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
!"#$%&'(#)%"*
H+#!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!'0!&#0'(%#&!6).!10#!'%!0/+)),0!-%&!
/),,#(#07!<*!'0!$-.*!)6!-!01'*#!)6!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@0!)66#.#&!94!@&#E/#,7!
H+#!/)1.0#!)66#.0!0*1&#%*0!*+#!)$$).*1%'*4!*)!#E$#.'#%/#!$+40'/0!5'*+'%!*+#!/)%*#E*!
)6!*+#'.!(#%#.-,!#&1/-*')%7!H+#!/)1.0#!&#0'(%!$.)J'&#0!-!9-0'0!6).!$.)(.#00')%!*)!
61.*+#.!0*1&4!'%!=>@!K&J-%/#&!?190'&'-.4!-%&!K&J-%/#&!L#J#,!I+40'/07!
M)5!-00#002#%*!.#,-*#0!*)!*+#!A1-,'6'/-*')%0!-J-',-9,#!'0!0+)5%!9#,)57!
H+#!-00#002#%*!6).!*+'0!A1-,'6'/-*')%!'0!,'%#-.!-%&!9)*+!$-$#.0!%##&!*)!9#!
/)2$,#*#&!'%!*+#!0-2#!0#.'#07!
!
N'),)(4!I-$#.!O!
B%*'#.#&!
P!+)1.0!
!
8#
>+#2'0*.4!I-$#.!O!
B%*'#.#&!
P!+)1.0!
!
8#
I+40'/0!I-$#.!O!
B%*'#.#&!
P!+)1.0!
!
!
!
!
!
!
#
9"%&'"(%$)"(*#
:;<3#$"#<,$&",&#
@A)7B*&#!1('/C#
!
!
8#
N'),)(4!I-$#.!P!
B%*'#.#&!
O!+)1.!
!
!
8#
>+#2'0*.4!I-$#.!P!
B%*'#.#&!
O!+)1.!
!
!
8#
I+40'/0!I-$#.!P!
B%*'#.#&!
O!+)1.!
9"%&'"(%$)"(*#
:;<3#$"#=$)*)-+#
!
!
#
9"%&'"(%$)"(*#
:;<3#$"#
;2&>$.%'+#
!
!
#
9"%&'"(%$)"(*#
:;<3#$"#?2+.$,.#
!
!
!
!
!
! !
!
*
+,#)%",-*.',-)/)(,#)%"0*1$,234%$5*6+.17*($)#3$),*
H+'0!0$#/'6'/-*')%!/)2$,'#0!5'*+!*+#!.#A1'.#2#%*0!)6!*+#!/)22)%!/.'*#.'-!5+'/+!-.#!
$.#0/.'9#&!94!*+#!.#(1,-*).4!-1*+).'*'#07!
!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
89%'#*#:)0*0;3()/)(,#)%"*
<3=*0'9>3(#*,)20*
H+#!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!#%-9,#0!0*1&#%*0!*)D!
!!
,#-.%!-9)1*!*+#!1%'64'%(!$-**#.%0!-%&!*+#2#0!)6!$+40'/0!!
!!
-/A1'.#!F%)5,#&(#!-%&!1%&#.0*-%&'%(!)6!$+40'/-,!6-/*03!/)%/#$*0!-%&!$.'%/'$,#0!
!!
-$$.#/'-*#!*+#!$.-/*'/-,!%-*1.#!)6!$+40'/03!&#J#,)$'%(!#E$#.'2#%*-,!-%&!
'%J#0*'(-*'J#!0F',,0!9-0#&!)%!/)..#/*!-%&!0-6#!,-9).-*).4!*#/+%'A1#0!
!!
-$$.#/'-*#!*+#!'2$).*-%/#!)6!-//1.-*#!#E$#.'2#%*-,!5).F!-%&!.#$).*'%(!-0!
0/'#%*'6'/!2#*+)&0!
!!
&#J#,)$!-!,)('/-,!-$$.)-/+!*)!$.)9,#2!0),J'%(!'%!-!5'&#.!/)%*#E*!
!!
#J-,1-*#3!'%!*#.20!)6!*+#'.!0/'#%*'6'/!F%)5,#&(#!-%&!1%&#.0*-%&'%(3!*+#!9#%#6'*0!
-%&!&.-59-/F0!)6!.#-,:,'6#!-$$,'/-*')%0!)6!0/'#%/#3!'%/,1&'%(!*+#'.!#J#.4&-43!
'%&10*.'-,!-%&!#%J'.)%2#%*-,!-0$#/*0!
!!
0#,#/*3!).(-%'0#!-%&!$.#0#%*!'%6).2-*')%!/,#-.,4!-%&!,)('/-,,43!10'%(!-$$.)$.'-*#!
0/'#%*'6'/!*#.20!-%&!/)%J#%*')%0!
!!
$.#$-.#!6).!2).#!-&J-%/#&!/)1.0#0!'%!$+40'/0!-%&!6).!)*+#.!/)1.0#0!5+'/+!
.#A1'.#!*+#2!*)!+-J#!-!F%)5,#&(#!)6!$+40'/07!
<3=*/3,#'$30*,"&*93"3/)#0*%/*#:3*0;3()/)(,#)%"*
C#4!6#-*1.#0!-%&!9#%#6'*0!)6!*+#!0$#/'6'/-*')%!-.#D!
!!
'*!'%/,1&#0!-0$#/*0!)6!0/'#%/#!-$$.)$.'-*#!6).!*+#!PO0*!/#%*1.4!
!!
0*.-'(+*6).5-.&!,'%#-.!-00#002#%*!
!!
1%*'#.#&!-00#002#%*!
!!
-00#002#%*!)6!#E$#.'2#%*-,!0F',,0!*+.)1(+!-%!#E-2'%-*')%!$-$#.!
!!
'*!$.)J'&#0!-!0)1%&!6)1%&-*')%!6).!$.)(.#00')%!*)!@&#E/#,!=>@!K&J-%/#&!
?190'&'-.4!QK?R!-%&!K&J-%/#&!L#J#,!'%!I+40'/03!-%&!)*+#.!/)2$-.-9,#!$)0*:OS!
A1-,'6'/-*')%07!
!
!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
?%"#3"#0*
<0&,$6$,(%$)"#(%#(#-*(",&#
E7(*$6$,(%$)"#,)"%&"%#
?#/*')%!OD!8)./#0!-%&!2)*')%!
?#/*')%!PD!@,#/*.'/'*4!
?#/*')%!TD!V-J#0!
?#/*')%!XD!@%#.(4!.#0)1./#0!-%&!#%#.(4!*.-%06#.!
?#/*')%!YD!?),'&03!,'A1'&0!-%&!(-0#0!
?#/*')%!SD!Z-(%#*'02!-%&!#,#/*.)2-(%#*'02!
?#/*')%!UD!\-&')-/*'J'*4!-%&!$-.*'/,#0!
!..&..>&"%#
K00#002#%*!0122-.4!
F!
T!
U!
OW!
OT!
OS!
O[!
PO!
GF!
PT!
K00#002#%*!]9;#/*'J#0!-%&!5#'(+*'%(0!
PX!
K00#002#%*!]9;#/*'J#0!5#'(+*'%(0!
PY!
\#,-*')%0+'$!)6!K00#002#%*!]9;#/*'J#0!*)!I-$#.0!6).!>#.*'6'/-*#!
PY!
@%*#.'%(!4)1.!0*1&#%*0!6).!-00#002#%*!
PS!
?*1&#%*!#%*.4!
PS!
8).9'&&#%!/)29'%-*')%0!
PS!
>,-00'6'/-*')%!/)&#!
PS!
K//#00!-..-%(#2#%*0!-%&!0$#/'-,!.#A1'.#2#%*0!
PS!
@A1-,'*4!K/*!PWOW!
PS!
M#-,*+!-%&!0-6#*4!
PU!
K00#00'%(!4)1.!0*1&#%*0!
P[!
K5-.&'%(!-%&!.#$).*'%(!
P[!
L-%(1-(#!)6!-00#002#%*!
P[!
Z-,$.-/*'/#!-%&!$,-('-.'02!
P[!
?*1&#%*!.#/.1'*2#%*!
=1'&#&!,#-.%'%(!+)1.0!
P[!
P^!
I.)(.#00')%!
P^!
=.-&#!&#0/.'$*')%0!
TW!
<700)'%#("/#%'($"$"-#
@&#E/#,!01$$).*!0#.J'/#0!
H.-'%'%(!
!
D!
FG!
TP!
TP!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
!00&"/$,&.#
K$$#%&'E!OD!I+40'/0!6).21,-#!6).!.#,-*')%0+'$0!
!
!
!
FF!
TY!
K$$#%&'E!PD!@,#/*.'/-,!/'./1'*!0429),0!
TU!
K$$#%&'E!TD!V'&#.!/1..'/1,12!
T^!
K$$#%&'E!XD!?1((#0*#&!$.-/*'/-,0!
XO!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
@;3()/)(,#)%"*,#*,*A-,"(3*
H+#!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!/)2$.'0#0!*5)!#E*#.%-,,4!-00#00#&!
$-$#.0D!
!!
I+40'/0!I-$#.!O!
!!
I+40'/0!I-$#.!P!
!
?2+.$,.#?(0&'#D#
!!
@E*#.%-,,4!-00#00#&!
!!
KJ-',-9','*4D!a-%1-.4!-%&!a1%#!0#.'#0!
!!
8'.0*!-00#002#%*D!a1%#!PWOT!
?(0&'#,)/&H#I?JKLD?#
MMNOP#)6#%2&#
%)%(*#
Q7(*$6$,(%$)"#
>('R.#
]J#.J'#5!)6!/)%*#%*!!
K00#00#0!)%,4!*+#!/)%*#%*!")%!'%!9),&!
!!
?#/*')%!OD!8)./#0!-%&!2)*')%!
!!
?#/*')%!PD!@,#/*.'/'*4!
!!
?#/*')%!TD!V-J#0!
!!
?#/*')%!XD!@%#.(4!.#0)1./#0!-%&!#%#.(4!*.-%06#.!
!!
?#/*')%!YD!?),'&03!,'A1'&0!-%&!(-0#0!
!!
?#/*')%!SD!Z-(%#*'02!-%&!#,#/*.)2-(%#*'02!
!!
?#/*')%!UD!\-&')-/*'J'*4!-%&!$-.*'/,#0!
]J#.J'#5!)6!-00#002#%*!!
!!
H+#!$-$#.!'0!-00#00#&!*+.)1(+!-!P:+)1.!#E-2'%-*')%!$-$#.!0#*!-%&!2-.F#&!94!
@&#E/#,7!
!!
H+#!*)*-,!%129#.!)6!2-.F0!'0!OPW7!
!!
=.-&#0!KbG=!-.#!-J-',-9,#7!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!G!!
<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
O!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
!
?2+.$,.#?(0&'#G#
?(0&'#,)/&H#I?JKLG?#
!!
@E*#.%-,,4!-00#00#&!
!!
KJ-',-9','*4D!a-%1-.4!-%&!a1%#!0#.'#0!
!!
8'.0*!-00#002#%*D!a1%#!PWOT!
FFNFP#)6#%2&#
%)%(*#
Q7(*$6$,(%$)"#
>('R.#
]J#.J'#5!)6!/)%*#%*!
K00#00#0!-,,!/)%*#%*!'%/,1&'%(!/)%*#%*!'%!B)*/!
!!
?#/*')%!OD!8)./#0!-%&!2)*')%!
!!
?#/*')%!PD!@,#/*.'/'*4!
!!
?#/*')%!TD!V-J#0!
!!
?#/*')%!XD!@%#.(4!.#0)1./#0!-%&!#%#.(4!*.-%06#.!
!!
?#/*')%!YD!?),'&03!,'A1'&0!-%&!(-0#0!
!!
?#/*')%!SD!Z-(%#*'02!-%&!#,#/*.)2-(%#*'02!
!!
?#/*')%!UD!\-&')-/*'J'*4!-%&!$-.*'/,#0!
]J#.J'#5!)6!-00#002#%*!!
!!
H+#!$-$#.!'0!-00#00#&!*+.)1(+!-!O:+)1.!#E-2'%-*')%!$-$#.!0#*!-%&!2-.F#&!94!
@&#E/#,7!
!!
H+#!*)*-,!%129#.!)6!2-.F0!'0!SW7!
!!
=.-&#0!KbG=!-.#!-J-',-9,#7!
!
!
B$,(#)(,-0*
H+#!9#0*!5-4!*)!&#J#,)$!$.-/*'/-,!-%&!'%J#0*'(-*'J#!0F',,0!'0!*)!#29#&!$.-/*'/-,!
-/*'J'*'#0!'%!4)1.!*#-/+'%(!)6!*+#).47!H+#!&#J#,)$2#%*!)6!F%)5,#&(#!-%&!0F',,0!/-%!
*+#%!+-$$#%!*)(#*+#.3!,#-&'%(!*)!0#/1.#!-/A1'0'*')%!)6!F%)5,#&(#!-%&!0F',,07!
H+#.#!-.#!0)2#!$.-/*'/-,0!'%!*+#!0$#/'6'/-*')%!/)%*#%*3!5+'/+!0*1&#%*0!%##&!*)!
&#0/.'9#7!C%)5,#&(#!)6!*+#0#!$.-/*'/-,03!-%&!*+#!-9','*4!*)!'%*#.$.#*!*+#!.#01,*'%(!
&-*-3!'0!.#A1'.#&!6).!*+#!#E-2'%-*')%07!
H+#!*#-/+#.0c!(1'&#!2-*#.'-,0!/)%*-'%!-&&'*')%-,!01((#0*#&!$.-/*'/-,07!
!""#$%&'()(-,0)!/)%*-'%0!0)2#!01((#0*')%0!6).!$.-/*'/-,!-/*'J'*'#07!
P!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!
!G!<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
.',-)/)(,#)%"*(%"#3"#*
I-$#.!O!-00#00#0!)%,4!*+#!/)%*#%*!*+-*!'0!")%#'%!9),&7!
I-$#.!P!-00#00#0!-,,!/)%*#%*!'%/,1&'%(!/)%*#%*!'%!B)*/7!
H+'0!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!.#A1'.#0!0*1&#%*0!*)!&#2)%0*.-*#!-%!
1%&#.0*-%&'%(!)6D!
!!
6)./#0!-%&!2)*')%!
!!
#,#/*.'/'*4!
!!
5-J#0!
!!
#%#.(4!.#0)1./#0!-%&!#%#.(4!*.-%06#.!
!!
0),'&03!,'A1'&0!-%&!(-0#0!
!!
2-(%#*'02!-%&!#,#/*.)2-(%#*'02!
!!
.-&')-/*'J'*4!-%&!$-.*'/,#07!
@3(#)%"*CD*1%$(30*,"&*2%#)%"*
-R! B%'*0!
9R! Z)J#2#%*!-%&!$)0'*')%!
/R! 8)./#03!2)J#2#%*3!0+-$#!-%&!2)2#%*12!
&R! K0*.)%)24!
,7* *
E")#0*
*+,%#$+-(.&//(0#(1--#--#%(2$(+3#&4(10&/&+5(+2D(
O7O!
10#!*+#!6),,)5'%(!1%'*0D!F',)(.-2!QF(R3!2#*.#!Q2R3!2#*.#d0#/)%&!Q2d0R3!
2#*.#d0#/)%&P!Q2d0PR3!%#5*)%!Q_R3!0#/)%&!Q0R3#%#5*)%!$#.!F',)(.-2!Q_dF(R3!
R$*)-'(>#>&%'&L.&,)"/#@R-#>L.C7#
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!G!!
<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
T!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
97***
F%G323"#*,"&*;%0)#)%"*
*+,%#$+-(.&//(0#(1--#--#%(2$(+3#&4(10&/&+5(+2D(
O7P!
$,)*!-%&!'%*#.$.#*!&'0*-%/#:*'2#!(.-$+0!
O7T!
F%)5!-%&!10#!*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!-J#.-(#!0$##&3!&'0*-%/#!2)J#&!-%&!
*'2#D!
-J#.-(#! 0$##&!e!
&'0*-%/#!2)J#&
*'2#!*-F#%
!
O7X!
&#0/.'9#!#E$#.'2#%*0!*)!'%J#0*'(-*#!*+#!2)*')%!)6!#J#.4&-4!)9;#/*0!01/+!-0!
*)4!/-.0!).!*#%%'0!9-,,0!
O7Y!
F%)5!-%&!10#!*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!-//#,#.-*')%3!J#,)/'*4!-%&!*'2#D!
-//#,#.-*')%!e!
!
# !e!
/+-%(#'% J#,)/'*4
*'2# *-F#%
!
"! " " #
!
$
O7S!
$,)*!-%&!'%*#.$.#*!J#,)/'*4:*'2#!(.-$+0!
O7U!
&#*#.2'%#!-//#,#.-*')%!6.)2!*+#!(.-&'#%*!)6!-!J#,)/'*4:*'2#!(.-$+!
O7[!
&#*#.2'%#!*+#!&'0*-%/#!*.-J#,,#&!6.)2!*+#!-.#-!9#*5##%!-!J#,)/'*4:*'2#!
(.-$+!-%&!*+#!*'2#!-E'07!
X!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!
!G!<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
(7***
1%$(30H*2%G323"#H*0:,;3*,"&*2%23"#'2*
*+,%#$+-(.&//(0#(1--#--#%(2$(+3#&4(10&/&+5(+2D(
O7^!
&#0/.'9#!*+#!#66#/*0!)6!6)./#0!9#*5##%!9)&'#0!01/+!-0!/+-%(#0!'%!0$##&3!
0+-$#!).!&'.#/*')%!
O7OW! '&#%*'64!&'66#.#%*!*4$#0!)6!6)./#!01/+!-0!(.-J'*-*')%-,!).!#,#/*.)0*-*'/!
DNDD# /$.%$"-7$.2#B&%1&&"#S&,%)'#("/#.,(*('#Q7("%$%$&.#
DNDG# 7"/&'.%("/#%2(%#6)',&#$.#(#S&,%)'#Q7("%$%+#
DNDF# 6$"/#%2&#'&.7*%("%#6)',&#)6#6)',&.#%2(%#(,%#(*)"-#(#*$"&#
O7OX! 1%&#.0*-%&!*+-*!6.'/*')%!'0!-!6)./#!*+-*!)$$)0#0!2)*')%!
O7OY! F%)5!-%&!10#!*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!1%9-,-%/#&!6)./#3!2-00!-%&!
-//#,#.-*')%D!
6)./#!e!2-00!f!-//#,#.-*')%!
%!e!&!f!#(
O7OS! F%)5!-%&!10#!*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!5#'(+*3!2-00!-%&('D!
5#'(+*!e!2-00!f!'!
(!e!&!f!'!
O7OU! &#0/.'9#!*+#!6)./#0!-/*'%(!)%!6-,,'%(!)9;#/*0!-%&!#E$,-'%!5+4!6-,,'%(!)9;#/*0!
.#-/+!-!*#.2'%-,!J#,)/'*4!
O7O[! &#0/.'9#!#E$#.'2#%*0!*)!'%J#0*'(-*#!*+#!6)./#0!-/*'%(!)%!6-,,'%(!)9;#/*03!01/+!
-0!04/-2).#!0##&0!).!$-.-/+1*#0!
O7O^! &#0/.'9#!*+#!6-/*).0!-66#/*'%(!J#+'/,#!0*)$$'%(!&'0*-%/#!'%/,1&'%(!0$##&3!
2-003!.)-&!/)%&'*')%!-%&!.#-/*')%!*'2#!
DNGK# R")1#("/#7.&#%2&#'&*(%$)".2$0#B&%1&&"#>)>&"%7>T#>(..#("/#
S&*),$%+H#
#
>)>&"%7>#U#>(..#V#S&*),$%+#
!"U##"V"$"
DNGD# 7.&#%2&#$/&(#)6#>)>&"%7>#%)#&40*($"#.(6&%+#6&(%7'&.#
DNGG# 7.&#%2&#,)".&'S(%$)"#)6#>)>&"%7>#%)#,(*,7*(%&#%2&#>(..T#S&*),$%+#)'#
>)>&"%7>#)6#)BW&,%.##
DNGF# 7.&#%2&#'&*(%$)".2$0#B&%1&&"#6)',&T#,2("-&#$"#>)>&"%7>#("/#%$>&#
%(R&"H##
6)',& U
,2("-& $" >)>&"%7> #
%$>& %(R&"
DNGI# /&>)".%'(%&#("#7"/&'.%("/$"-#)6#X&1%)"5.#%2$'/#*(1##
O7PY! F%)5!-%&!10#!*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!*+#!2)2#%*!)6!-!6)./#!-%&!'*0!
&'0*-%/#!6.)2!*+#!$'J)*D!
>)>&"%#U#6)',&#V#0&'0&"/$,7*('#/$.%(",&#6')>#%2&#0$S)%#
O7PS! .#/-,,!*+-*!*+#!5#'(+*!)6!-!9)&4!-/*0!*+.)1(+!'*0!/#%*.#!)6!(.-J'*4!!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!G!!
<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
Y!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
DNGO# R")1#("/#7.&#%2&#0'$",$0*&#)6#>)>&"%.#6)'#(#.$>0*&#.+.%&>#)6#
0('(**&*#6)',&.#(,%$"-#$"#)"&#0*("&#
DNGY# 7"/&'.%("/#%2(%#%2&#701('/#6)',&.#)"#(#*$-2%#B&(>T#.700)'%&/#(%#$%.#
&"/.T#S('+#1$%2#%2&#0).$%$)"#)6#(#2&(S+#)BW&,%#0*(,&/#)"#%2&#B&(>#
O7P^! &#0/.'9#!#E$#.'2#%*0!*)!'%J#0*'(-*#!+)5!#E*#%0')%!J-.'#0!5'*+!-$$,'#&!6)./#!
6).!+#,'/-,!0$.'%(03!2#*-,!5'.#0!-%&!.199#.!9-%&0!
O7TW! 1%&#.0*-%&!*+-*!*+#!'%'*'-,!,'%#-.!.#(')%!)6!-!6)./#:#E*#%0')%!(.-$+!'0!
-00)/'-*#&!5'*+!M))F#c0!,-5!
O7TO! &#0/.'9#!#,-0*'/!9#+-J')1.!-0!*+#!-9','*4!)6!-!2-*#.'-,!*)!.#/)J#.!'*0!).'('%-,!
0+-$#!-6*#.!*+#!6)./#0!/-10'%(!&#6).2-*')%!+-J#!9##%!.#2)J#&7!
&7***
80#$%"%2=*
*+,%#$+-(.&//(0#(1--#--#%(2$(+3#&4(10&/&+5(+2D!
O7TP! 1%&#.0*-%&!(.-J'*-*')%-,!6'#,&!0*.#%(*+3!'3!-%&!.#/-,,!*+-*!'*!'0!&'66#.#%*!)%!
)*+#.!$,-%#*0!-%&!*+#!2))%!6.)2!*+-*!)%!*+#!@-.*+!
O7TT! #E$,-'%!*+-*!(.-J'*-*')%-,!6)./#D!
!! /-10#0!2))%0!*)!).9'*!$,-%#*0!
!! /-10#0!*+#!$,-%#*0!*)!).9'*!*+#!01%!
!! /-10#0!-.*'6'/'-,!0-*#,,'*#0!*)!).9'*!*+#!@-.*+!
!! /-10#0!/)2#*0!*)!).9'*!*+#!01%!!
O7TX! &#0/.'9#!*+#!&'66#.#%/#0!'%!*+#!).9'*0!)6!/)2#*03!2))%0!-%&!$,-%#*0!
O7TY! 10#!*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!).9'*-,!0$##&3!).9'*-,!.-&'10!-%&!*'2#!$#.')&D!
!
).9'*-, 0$##& e
!
!$
$#! #)
*
P # ! # ).9'*-, .-&'10
*'2# $#.')&
!
!
O7TS! 1%&#.0*-%&!*+-*D!
!! *+#!1%'J#.0#!'0!-!,-.(#!/),,#/*')%!)6!9',,')%0!)6!(-,-E'#0!
!! -!(-,-E4!'0!-!,-.(#!/),,#/*')%!)6!9',,')%0!)6!0*-.0!
!! )1.!0),-.!040*#2!'0!'%!*+#!Z',F4!V-4!(-,-E47!
!
S!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!
!G!<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
@3(#)%"*ID*J-3(#$)()#=*
-R! B%'*0!
9R! Z-'%0!#,#/*.'/'*4!
/R! @%#.(4!-%&!$)*#%*'-,!&'66#.#%/#!'%!/'./1'*0!
&R! @,#/*.'/!/+-.(#!
,7***
E")#0*
*+,%#$+-(.&//(0#(1--#--#%(2$(+3#&4(10&/&+5(+2D(
P7O!
10#!*+#!6),,)5'%(!1%'*0D!-2$#.#!QKR3!/)1,)29!Q>R3!;)1,#!QaR3!)+2!Q%R3!0#/)%&!
Q0R3!J),*!QgR3!5-**!QVR7!
97* *
F,)"0*3-3(#$)()#=*
*+,%#$+-(.&//(0#(1--#--#%(2$(+3#&4(10&/&+5(+2D(
P7P!
1%&#.0*-%&!-%&!'&#%*'64!*+#!+-h-.&0!)6!#,#/*.'/'*4!'%/,1&'%(!6.-4#&!/-9,#03!
,)%(!/-9,#03!&-2-(#&!$,1(03!5-*#.!-.)1%&!0)/F#*03!-%&!$10+'%(!2#*-,!
)9;#/*0!'%*)!0)/F#*0!
P7T!
1%&#.0*-%&!*+#!10#0!)6!'%01,-*')%3!&)19,#!'%01,-*')%3!#-.*+'%(3!610#0!-%&!
/'./1'*!9.#-F#.0!'%!-!.-%(#!)6!&)2#0*'/!-$$,'-%/#0!
P7X!
1%&#.0*-%&!*+-*!-!/1..#%*!'%!-!.#0'0*).!.#01,*0!'%!*+#!#,#/*.'/-,!*.-%06#.!)6!
#%#.(4!-%&!-%!'%/.#-0#!'%!*#2$#.-*1.#3!-%&!+)5!*+'0!/-%!9#!10#&!'%!-!
J-.'#*4!)6!&)2#0*'/!/)%*#E*0!
P7Y!
F%)5!-%&!10#!*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$D!
$)5#.!e!/1..#%*!f!J),*-(#!(
+!e!,!f!-!
-%&!-$$,4!*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!*)!*+#!0#,#/*')%!)6!-$$.)$.'-*#!610#0!
P7S!
10#!*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!#%#.(4!*.-%06#..#&3!/1..#%*3!J),*-(#!-%&!*'2#D!
#%#.(4!*.-%06#..#&!e!/1..#%*!f!J),*-(#!f!*'2#(
.!e!,!f!-!f!$!
P7U!
1%&#.0*-%&!*+#!&'66#.#%/#!9#*5##%!2-'%0!#,#/*.'/'*4!9#'%(!-,*#.%-*'%(!
/1..#%*!Q-7/7R!-%&!&'.#/*!/1..#%*!Q&7/7R!9#'%(!01$$,'#&!94!-!/#,,!).!9-**#.47!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!G!!
<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
U!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
(7***
J"3$A=*,"&*;%#3"#),-*&)//3$3"(3*)"*()$(')#0*
*+,%#$+-(.&//(0#(1--#--#%(2$(+3#&4(10&/&+5(+26(
P7[!
#E$,-'%!5+4!-!0#.'#0!).!$-.-,,#,!/'./1'*!'0!2).#!-$$.)$.'-*#!6).!$-.*'/1,-.!
-$$,'/-*')%03!'%/,1&'%(!&)2#0*'/!,'(+*'%(!
P7^!
1%&#.0*-%&!*+-*!*+#!/1..#%*!'%!-!0#.'#0!/'./1'*!&#$#%&0!)%!*+#!-$$,'#&!
J),*-(#!-%&!*+#!%129#.!-%&!%-*1.#!)6!)*+#.!/)2$)%#%*0!
P7OW! &#0/.'9#!+)5!/1..#%*!J-.'#0!5'*+!J),*-(#!'%!5'.#03!.#0'0*).03!2#*-,!6',-2#%*!
,-2$0!-%&!&')&#03!-%&!+)5!*+'0!/-%!9#!'%J#0*'(-*#&!#E$#.'2#%*-,,4!
P7OO! &#0/.'9#!*+#!A1-,'*-*'J#!#66#/*!)6!/+-%('%(!.#0'0*-%/#!)%!*+#!/1..#%*!'%!-!
/'./1'*!
P7OP! &#0/.'9#!*+#!A1-,'*-*'J#!J-.'-*')%!)6!.#0'0*-%/#!)6!L"\0!5'*+!',,12'%-*')%!-%&!
)6!*+#.2'0*).0!5'*+!*#2$#.-*1.#!
P7OT! F%)5!*+-*!,-2$0!-%&!L@"0!/-%!9#!10#&!*)!'%&'/-*#!*+#!$.#0#%/#!)6!-!/1..#%*!
'%!-!/'./1'*!
P7OX! F%)5!-%&!10#!*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!J),*-(#3!/1..#%*!-%&!.#0'0*-%/#D!
J),*-(#!e!/1..#%*!f!.#0'0*-%/#(
-(7(,!f(/((!
P7OY! 1%&#.0*-%&!*+-*!/1..#%*!'0!*+#!.-*#!)6!6,)5!)6!/+-.(#!
P7OS! F%)5!-%&!10#!*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!/+-.(#3!/1..#%*!-%&!*'2#D!!
/+-.(#!e!/1..#%*!f!*'2#(
0(7(,!f($(!
P7OU! F%)5!*+-*!#,#/*.'/!/1..#%*!'%!0),'&!2#*-,,'/!/)%&1/*).0!'0!-!6,)5!)6!%#(-*'J#,4!
/+-.(#&!#,#/*.)%0!
GNDY# 7"/&'.%("/#%2(%H#
!! S)*%(-&#$.#%2&#&"&'-+#%'(".6&''&/#0&'#7"$%#,2('-&#0(..&/#
!! %2&#S)*%#$.#(#W)7*&#0&'#,)7*)>BN#
[!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!
!G!<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
&7***
J-3(#$)(*(:,$A3*
*+,%#$+-(.&//(0#(1--#--#%(2$(+3#&4(10&/&+5(+2D(
P7O^! '&#%*'64!/)22)%!2-*#.'-,0!5+'/+!-.#!#,#/*.'/-,!/)%&1/*).0!).!'%01,-*).03!
'%/,1&'%(!2#*-,0!-%&!$,-0*'/0!
GNGK# /&.,'$B&#&40&'$>&"%.#%)#$"S&.%$-(%&#2)1#$".7*(%$"-#>(%&'$(*.#,("#B&#
,2('-&/#B+#6'$,%$)"#
GNGD# &40*($"#%2(%#0).$%$S&#("/#"&-(%$S&#&*&,%').%(%$,#,2('-&.#('&#
0')/7,&/#)"#>(%&'$(*.#B+#%2&#*)..#("/#-($"#)6#&*&,%')".#
GNGG# 7"/&'.%("/#%2(%#%2&'&#('&#6)',&.#)6#(%%'(,%$)"#B&%1&&"#7"*$R&#
,2('-&.#("/#6)',&.#)6#'&07*.$)"#B&%1&&"#*$R&#,2('-&.#
GNGF# &40*($"#&*&,%').%(%$,#02&")>&"(#$"#%&'>.#)6#%2&#>)S&>&"%#)6#
&*&,%')".#
GNGI# &40*($"#%2&#0)%&"%$(*#/("-&'.#)6#&*&,%').%(%$,#,2('-&.T#&-#12&"#
67&**$"-#($','(6%#("/#%("R&'.#
GNGZ# &40*($"#.)>&#7.&.#)6#&*&,%').%(%$,#,2('-&.T#&-#$"#02)%),)0$&'.#("/#
$"RW&%#0'$"%&'.N#
!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!G!!
<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
^!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
@3(#)%"*KD*L,G30*
-R! B%'*0!
9R! I.)$#.*'#0!)6!5-J#0!
/R! H+#!#,#/*.)2-(%#*'/!0$#/*.12!
&R! L'(+*!-%&!0)1%&!
,7***
E")#0*
*+,%#$+-(.&//(0#(1--#--#%(2$(+3#&4(10&/&+5(+2D(
T7O!
10#!*+#!6),,)5'%(!1%'*0D!&#(.##!QiR3!+#.*h!QMhR3!2#*.#!Q2R3!2#*.#d0#/)%&!
Q2d0R3!0#/)%&!Q0R7!
97***
B$%;3$#)30*%/*4,G30*
*+,%#$+-(.&//(0#(1--#--#%(2$(+3#&4(10&/&+5(+2D(
T7P!
1%&#.0*-%&!*+#!&'66#.#%/#!9#*5##%!,)%('*1&'%-,!-%&!*.-%0J#.0#!5-J#0!-%&!
&#0/.'9#!#E$#.'2#%*0!*)!0+)5!,)%('*1&'%-,!-%&!*.-%0J#.0#!5-J#0!'%3!6).!
#E-2$,#3!.)$#03!0$.'%(0!-%&!5-*#.!
T7T!
&#6'%#!-2$,'*1&#3!6.#A1#%/43!5-J#,#%(*+!-%&!$#.')&!)6!-!5-J#!
T7X!
1%&#.0*-%&!*+-*!5-J#0!*.-%06#.!#%#.(4!-%&!'%6).2-*')%!5'*+)1*!*.-%06#..'%(!
2-**#.!
T7Y!
F%)5!-%&!10#!*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!*+#!0$##&3!6.#A1#%/4!-%&!
5-J#,#%(*+!)6!-!5-J#D!
5-J#!0$##&!e!6.#A1#%/4!f!5-J#,#%(*+!
!!e!1(f!&!
T7S!
10#!*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!6.#A1#%/4!-%&!*'2#!$#.')&D!
6.#A1#%/4 $
O
!
*'2# $#.')&
!
1 $
%
!!
*
T7U!
10#!*+#!-9)J#!.#,-*')%0+'$0!'%!&'66#.#%*!/)%*#E*0!'%/,1&'%(!0)1%&!5-J#0!-%&!
#,#/*.)2-(%#*'/!5-J#0!
FNY#
7"/&'.%("/#%2(%#1(S&.#,("#B&#/$66'(,%&/#12&"#%2&+#0(..#("#&/-&#
FN[#
7"/&'.%("/#%2(%#1(S&.#,("#B&#/$66'(,%&/#%2')7-2#-(0.T#("/#%2(%#%2&#
&4%&"%#)6#/$66'(,%$)"#/&0&"/.#)"#%2&#1(S&*&"-%2#("/#%2&#02+.$,(*#
/$>&".$)"#)6#%2&#-(0N#
OW!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!
!G!<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
(7***
M:3*3-3(#$%2,A"3#)(*0;3(#$'2*
*+,%#$+-(.&//(0#(1--#--#%(2$(+3#&4(10&/&+5(+2D(
T7OW! 1%&#.0*-%&!*+-*!,'(+*!'0!$-.*!)6!-!/)%*'%1)10!#,#/*.)2-(%#*'/!0$#/*.12!5+'/+!
'%/,1&#0!.-&')3!2'/.)5-J#3!'%6.-.#&3!J'0'9,#3!1,*.-J'),#*3!E:.-4!-%&!(-22-!
.-4!.-&'-*')%0!-%&!*+-*!-,,!*+#0#!5-J#0!*.-J#,!-*!*+#!0-2#!0$##&!'%!6.##!
0$-/#!
T7OO! '&#%*'64!*+#!).&#.!)6!*+#!#,#/*.)2-(%#*'/!0$#/*.12!'%!*#.20!)6!&#/.#-0'%(!
5-J#,#%(*+!-%&!'%/.#-0'%(!6.#A1#%/43!'%/,1&'%(!*+#!/),)1.0!)6!*+#!J'0'9,#!
0$#/*.12!
T7OP! #E$,-'%!0)2#!)6!*+#!10#0!)6!#,#/*.)2-(%#*'/!.-&'-*')%03!'%/,1&'%(D!
!! .-&')!5-J#0D!9.)-&/-0*'%(!-%&!/)221%'/-*')%0!
!! 2'/.)5-J#0D!/))F'%(!-%&!0-*#,,'*#!*.-%02'00')%0!
!! '%6.-.#&D!+#-*#.0!-%&!%'(+*!J'0')%!#A1'$2#%*!
!! J'0'9,#!,'(+*D!)$*'/-,!6'9.#0!-%&!$+)*)(.-$+4!
!! 1,*.-J'),#*D!6,1).#0/#%*!,-2$0!
!! E:.-40D!)90#.J'%(!*+#!'%*#.%-,!0*.1/*1.#!)6!)9;#/*0!-%&!2-*#.'-,0!-%&!
2#&'/-,!-$$,'/-*')%0!
!! (-22-!.-40D!0*#.','0'%(!6))&!-%&!2#&'/-,!#A1'$2#%*!
T7OT! 1%&#.0*-%&!*+#!&#*.'2#%*-,!#66#/*0!)6!#E/#00'J#!#E$)01.#!)6!*+#!+12-%!9)&4!
*)!#,#/*.)2-(%#*'/!5-J#03!'%/,1&'%(D!
!! 2'/.)5-J#0D!'%*#.%-,!+#-*'%(!)6!9)&4!*'001#!
!! '%6.-.#&D!0F'%!91.%0!
!! 1,*.-J'),#*D!&-2-(#!*)!01.6-/#!/#,,0!-%&!9,'%&%#00!
!! (-22-!.-40D!/-%/#.3!21*-*')%!
-%&!&#0/.'9#!0'2$,#!$.)*#/*'J#!2#-01.#0!-(-'%0*!*+#!.'0F07!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!G!!
<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
OO!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
&7***
N)A:#*,"&*0%'"&*
*+,%#$+-(.&//(0#(1--#--#%(2$(+3#&4(10&/&+5(+2D(
T7OX! 1%&#.0*-%&!*+-*!,'(+*!5-J#0!-.#!*.-%0J#.0#!5-J#0!5+'/+!/-%!9#!.#6,#/*#&3!
.#6.-/*#&!("/#/$66'(,%&/!!
T7OY! 10#!*+#!,-5!)6!.#6,#/*')%!Q*+#!-%(,#!)6!'%/'&#%/#!#A1-,0!*+#!-%(,#!)6!
.#6,#/*')%R!
T7OS! /)%0*.1/*!.-4!&'-(.-20!*)!',,10*.-*#!*+#!6).2-*')%!)6!-!J'.*1-,!'2-(#!'%!-!
$,-%#!2'..).!!
T7OU! &#0/.'9#!#E$#.'2#%*0!*)!'%J#0*'(-*#!*+#!.#6.-/*')%!)6!,'(+*3!10'%(!.#/*-%(1,-.!
9,)/F03!0#2'/'./1,-.!9,)/F0!-%&!*.'-%(1,-.!$.'020!
T7O[! F%)5!-%&!10#!*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!.#6.-/*'J#!'%&#E3!-%(,#!)6!'%/'&#%/#!
-%&!-%(,#!)6!.#6.-/*')%D!
3$
0'% 2
0'% )
*
T7O^! &#0/.'9#!-%!#E$#.'2#%*!*)!&#*#.2'%#!*+#!.#6.-/*'J#!'%&#E!)6!(,-003!10'%(!-!
(,-00!9,)/F!!
T7PW! &#0/.'9#!*+#!.),#!)6!*)*-,!'%*#.%-,!.#6,#/*')%!'%!*.-%02'**'%(!'%6).2-*')%!-,)%(!
)$*'/-,!6'9.#0!-%&!'%!$.'020!
T7PO! #E$,-'%!*+#!2#-%'%(!)6!/.'*'/-,!-%(,#(8!!
T7PP! F%)5!-%&!10#!*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!/.'*'/-,!-%(,#!-%&!.#6.-/*'J#!'%&#ED!
0'% 4 $
%
3
! !
FNGF# 7"/&'.%("/#%2&#/$66&'&",&#B&%1&&"#("(*)-7&#("/#/$-$%(*#.$-"(*.#
FNGI# /&.,'$B&#%2&#(/S("%(-&.#)6#7.$"-#/$-$%(*#.$-"(*.#'(%2&'#%2("#
("(*)-7&#.$-"(*.#
FNGZ# /&.,'$B&#2)1#/$-$%(*#.$-"(*.#,("#,(''+#>)'&#$"6)'>(%$)"#
T7PS! 1%&#.0*-%&!*+-*!0)1%&!5-J#0!-.#!,)%('*1&'%-,!5-J#0!-%&!+)5!*+#4!/-%!9#!
.#6,#/*#&3!.#6.-/*#&#("/#/$66'(,%&/!
T7PU! 1%&#.0*-%&!*+-*!*+#!6.#A1#%/4!.-%(#!6).!+12-%!+#-.'%(!'0!!
PW!Mh!G!PW3WWW!Mh!
T7P[! &#0/.'9#!-%!#E$#.'2#%*!*)!2#-01.#!*+#!0$##&!)6!0)1%&!'%!-'.!!
FNG[# 7"/&'.%("/#2)1#("#).,$**).,)0&#("/#>$,')02)"&#,("#B&#7.&/#%)#
/$.0*(+#(#.)7"/#1(S&#
FNFK# /&.,'$B&#("#&40&'$>&"%#7.$"-#("#).,$**).,)0&#%)#/&%&'>$"&#%2&#
6'&Q7&",+#)6#(#.)7"/#1(S&##
FNFD# '&*(%&#%2&#0$%,2#)6#(#.)7"/#%)#%2&#6'&Q7&",+#)6#S$B'(%$)"#)6#%2&#.)7',&#
FNFG# '&*(%&#%2&#*)7/"&..#)6#(#.)7"/#%)#%2&#(>0*$%7/&#)6#S$B'(%$)"7
OP!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!
!G!<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
@3(#)%"*OD*J"3$A=*$30%'$(30*,"&*3"3$A=*#$,"0/3$*
-R! B%'*0!
9R! @%#.(4!*.-%06#.!
/R! V).F!-%&!$)5#.!
&R! @%#.(4!.#0)1./#0!-%&!#,#/*.'/'*4!(#%#.-*')%!
,7***
E")#0*
*+,%#$+-(.&//(0#(1--#--#%(2$(+3#&4(10&/&+5(+2D(
X7O!
!10#!*+#!6),,)5'%(!1%'*0D!F',)(.-2!QF(R3!;)1,#!QaR3!2#*.#!Q2R3!2#*.#d0#/)%&!
Q2d0R3!2#*.#d0#/)%&P!Q2d0PR3!%#5*)%!Q_R3!0#/)%&!Q0R3!5-**!QVR7!
97***
J"3$A=*#$,"0/3$*
*+,%#$+-(.&//(0#(1--#--#%(2$(+3#&4(10&/&+5(+2D(
X7P!
&#0/.'9#!#%#.(4!*.-%06#.0!'%J),J'%(!*+#!6),,)5'%(!6).20!)6!#%#.(4D!*+#.2-,!
Q+#-*R3!,'(+*3!#,#/*.'/-,3!0)1%&3!F'%#*'/3!/+#2'/-,3!%1/,#-.!-%&!$)*#%*'-,!
Q#,-0*'/!-%&!(.-J'*-*')%-,R!
X7T!
1%&#.0*-%&!*+-*!#%#.(4!'0!/)%0#.J#&!!
X7X!
F%)5!-%&!10#!*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$D!
!
#66'/'#%/4 $
X7Y!
&#0/.'9#!-!J-.'#*4!)6!#J#.4&-4!-%&!0/'#%*'6'/!&#J'/#0!-%&!0'*1-*')%03!
#E$,-'%'%(!*+#!6-*#!)6!*+#!'%$1*!#%#.(4!'%!*#.20!)6!*+#!-9)J#!.#,-*')%0+'$3!
'%/,1&'%(!*+#'.!.#$.#0#%*-*')%!94!?-%F#4!&'-(.-20!
X7S!
&#0/.'9#!+)5!#%#.(4!*.-%06#.!2-4!*-F#!$,-/#!94!/)%&1/*')%3!/)%J#/*')%!-%&!
.-&'-*')%!
X7U!
#E$,-'%!*+#!.),#!)6!/)%J#/*')%!'%!#J#.4&-4!$+#%)2#%-!!
X7[!
#E$,-'%!+)5!'%01,-*')%!'0!10#&!*)!.#&1/#!#%#.(4!*.-%06#.0!6.)2!91',&'%(0!-%&!
*+#!+12-%!9)&47!
10#61, #%#.(4 )1*$1* !
*)*-, #%#.(4 '%$1*
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!G!!
<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
OT!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
(7***
L%$5*,"&*;%43$*
*+,%#$+-(.&//(0#(1--#--#%(2$(+3#&4(10&/&+5(+2D(
X7^!
F%)5!-%&!10#!*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!5).F3!6)./#!-%&!&'0*-%/#!2)J#&!'%!
*+#!&'.#/*')%!)6!*+#!6)./#D!
5).F!&)%#!e!6)./#!f!&'0*-%/#!2)J#&!
(!e!%(f!5!
X7OW! 1%&#.0*-%&!*+-*!5).F!&)%#!'0!#A1-,!*)!#%#.(4!*.-%06#..#&!!
X7OO! F%)5!-%&!10#!*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$D!
(.-J'*-*')%-,!$)*#%*'-,!#%#.(4!e!2-00!f!'!f!+#'(+*!
=I@!e!&!f!'!f!6(( !
X7OP! F%)5!-%&!10#!*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$D!
F'%#*'/!#%#.(4!e! O !f!2-00!f!0$##&P!!
P
C@!e! O !f!&!f!!P!!
P
X7OT! 1%&#.0*-%&!+)5!/)%0#.J-*')%!)6!#%#.(4!$.)&1/#0!-!,'%F!9#*5##%!
(.-J'*-*')%-,!$)*#%*'-,!#%#.(43!F'%#*'/!#%#.(4!-%&!5).F!
X7OX! &#0/.'9#!$)5#.!-0!*+#!.-*#!)6!*.-%06#.!)6!#%#.(4!).!*+#!.-*#!)6!&)'%(!5).F!
X7OY! 10#!*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!$)5#.3!5).F!&)%#!Q#%#.(4!*.-%06#..#&R!-%&!
*'2#!*-F#%D!
!
$)5#. e
5).F &)%#
*'2# *-F#%
!
!
+$
(
!
$
!
OX!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!
!G!<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
&7***
J"3$A=*$30%'$(30*,"&*3-3(#$)()#=*A3"3$,#)%"*
*+,%#$+-(.&//(0#(1--#--#%(2$(+3#&4(10&/&+5(+2D(
X7OS! &#0/.'9#!*+#!#%#.(4!*.-%06#.0!'%J),J#&!'%!(#%#.-*'%(!#,#/*.'/'*4!10'%(D!!
!! 5'%&!
!! 5-*#.!
!! (#)*+#.2-,!.#0)1./#0!
!! 0),-.!+#-*'%(!040*#20!
!! 0),-.!/#,,0!
!! 6)00',!61#,0!
!! %1/,#-.!$)5#.!
INDO# /&.,'$B&#%2&#(/S("%(-&.#("/#/$.(/S("%(-&.#)6#>&%2)/.#)6#*('-&\
.,(*&#&*&,%'$,$%+#0')/7,%$)"#6')>#S('$)7.#'&"&1(B*&#("/#")"\
'&"&1(B*&#'&.)7',&.N#
!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!G!!
<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
OY!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
@3(#)%"*PD*@%-)&0H*-)Q')&0*,"&*A,030*
-R! B%'*0!
9R! "#%0'*4!-%&!$.#001.#!
/R! >+-%(#!)6!0*-*#!
&R! <&#-,!(-0!2),#/1,#0!
,7***
E")#0*
*+,%#$+-(.&//(0#(1--#--#%(2$(+3#&4(10&/&+5(+2D(
Y7O!
10#!*+#!6),,)5'%(!1%'*0D!&#(.##0!>#,0'10!Q)>R3!F#,J'%!QCR3!;)1,#!QaR3!F',)(.-2!
QF(R3!F',)(.-2d2#*.#T!QF(d2TR3!2#*.#!Q2R3!2#*.#P!Q2P!R3!2#*.#T!Q2TR3!
2#*.#d0#/)%&!Q2d0R3!2#*.#d0#/)%&P!Q2d0P!R3!%#5*)%!Q_R3!$-0/-,!QI-R7!
97***
R3"0)#=*,"&*;$300'$3*
*+,%#$+-(.&//(0#(1--#--#%(2$(+3#&4(10&/&+5(+2D(
Y7P!
F%)5!-%&!10#!*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!&#%0'*43!2-00!-%&!J),12#D!
&#%0'*4e
2-00
J),12#
!
!
!' $
&
!
-
!
Y7T!
&#0/.'9#!#E$#.'2#%*0!*)!&#*#.2'%#!&#%0'*4!10'%(!&'.#/*!2#-01.#2#%*0!)6!
2-00!-%&!J),12#!
Y7X!
F%)5!-%&!10#!*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!$.#001.#3!6)./#!-%&!-.#-D!
$.#001.# $
6)./# !
-.#-
!
(8 $
%
!
7
Y7Y!
1%&#.0*-%&!*+-*!*+#!$.#001.#!-*!-!$)'%*!'%!-!(-0!).!,'A1'&!5+'/+!'0!-*!.#0*!
-/*0!#A1-,,4!'%!-,,!&'.#/*')%0!
Y7S!
F%)5!-%&!10#!*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!6).!$.#001.#!&'66#.#%/#D!
$.#001.#!&'66#.#%/#!e!+#'(+*!f!&#%0'*4(f('(
(
8(7(6(9("(9('(
!
OS!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!
!G!<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
(7***
?:,"A3*%/*0#,#3*
*+,%#$+-(.&//(0#(1--#--#%(2$(+3#&4(10&/&+5(+26(
ZNO#
7"/&'.%("/#%2&#,2("-&.#%2(%#),,7'#12&"#(#.)*$/#>&*%.#%)#6)'>#(#
*$Q7$/T#("/#12&"#(#*$Q7$/#&S(0)'(%&.#)'#B)$*.#%)#6)'>#(#-(.#
ZNY#
/&.,'$B&#%2&#(''("-&>&"%#("/#>)%$)"#)6#0('%$,*&.#$"#.)*$/.T#*$Q7$/.#
("/#-(.&.#
&7***
!&3,-*A,0*2%-3('-30*
*+,%#$+-(.&//(0#(1--#--#%(2$(+3#&4(10&/&+5(+2D(
Y7^!
1%&#.0*-%&!*+#!0'(%'6'/-%/#!)6!N.)5%'-%!2)*')%3!-0!01$$).*'%(!#J'&#%/#!6).!
$-.*'/,#!*+#).4!
Y7OW! 1%&#.0*-%&!*+-*!2),#/1,#0!'%!-!(-0!+-J#!-!.-%&)2!2)*')%!-%&!*+-*!*+#4!
#E#.*!-!6)./#!-%&!+#%/#!-!$.#001.#!)%!*+#!5-,,0!)6!*+#!/)%*-'%#.!
Y7OO! 1%&#.0*-%&!5+4!*+#.#!'0!-%!-90),1*#!h#.)!)6!*#2$#.-*1.#!5+'/+!'0!GPUT(>!!
Y7OP! &#0/.'9#!*+#!C#,J'%!0/-,#!)6!*#2$#.-*1.#!-%&!9#!-9,#!*)!/)%J#.*!9#*5##%!*+#!
C#,J'%!-%&!>#,0'10!0/-,#0!
Y7OT! 1%&#.0*-%&!*+-*!-%!'%/.#-0#!'%!*#2$#.-*1.#!.#01,*0!'%!-%!'%/.#-0#!'%!*+#!
-J#.-(#!0$##&!)6!(-0!2),#/1,#0!
ZNDI# 7"/&'.%("/#%2(%#%2&#]&*S$"#%&>0&'(%7'&#)6#%2&#-(.#$.#0')0)'%$)"(*#%)#
%2&#(S&'(-&#R$"&%$,#&"&'-+#)6#$%.#>)*&,7*&.#
Y7OY! &#0/.'9#!*+#!A1-,'*-*'J#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!$.#001.#!-%&!C#,J'%!
*#2$#.-*1.#!6).!-!(-0!'%!-!0#-,#&!/)%*-'%#.!
ZNDM# 7.&#%2&#'&*(%$)".2$0#B&%1&&"#%2&#0'&..7'&#("/#]&*S$"#%&>0&'(%7'&#)6#
(#6$4&/#>(..#)6#-(.#(%#,)".%("%#S)*7>&H#
#
8% 8$
#
e
*% *$
#
Y7OU! 10#!*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!*+#!$.#001.#!-%&!J),12#!)6!-!6'E#&!2-00!)6!(-0!
-*!/)%0*-%*!*#2$#.-*1.#D!
8O-O9e ! 8P-P9
9
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!G!!
<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
OU!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
@3(#)%"*SD*F,A"3#)02*,"&*3-3(#$%2,A"3#)02*
-R! B%'*0!
9R! Z-(%#*'02!
/R! @,#/*.)2-(%#*'02!
#R! @,#/*.)2-(%#*'/!'%&1/*')%!
,7***
E")#0*
*+,%#$+-(.&//(0#(1--#--#%(2$(+3#&4(10&/&+5(+2D(
S7O!
10#!*+#!6),,)5'%(!1%'*0D!-2$#.#!QKR3!J),*!QgR3!5-**!QVR7!
97***
F,A"3#)02*
*+,%#$+-(.&//(0#(1--#--#%(2$(+3#&4(10&/&+5(+2D(
MNG#
7"/&'.%("/#%2(%#>(-"&%.#'&0&*#("/#(%%'(,%#)%2&'#>(-"&%.#("/#
(%%'(,%#>(-"&%$,#.7B.%(",&.#
MNF#
/&.,'$B&#%2&#0')0&'%$&.#)6#>(-"&%$,(**+#2('/#("/#.)6%#>(%&'$(*.#
S7X!
1%&#.0*-%&!*+#!*#.2!j2-(%#*'/!6'#,&!,'%#c!
MNZ#
7"/&'.%("/#%2(%#>(-"&%$.>#$.#$"/7,&/#$"#.)>&#>(%&'$(*.#12&"#%2&+#
('&#0*(,&/#$"#(#>(-"&%$,#6$&*/#
S7S!
&#0/.'9#!#E$#.'2#%*0!*)!'%J#0*'(-*#!*+#!2-(%#*'/!6'#,&!$-**#.%!6).!-!
$#.2-%#%*!9-.!2-(%#*!-%&!*+-*!9#*5##%!*5)!9-.!2-(%#*0!
S7U!
&#0/.'9#!+)5!*)!10#!*5)!$#.2-%#%*!2-(%#*0!*)!$.)&1/#!-!1%'6).2!2-(%#*'/!
6'#,&!$-**#.%7!
O[!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!
!G!<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
(7***
J-3(#$%2,A"3#)02*
*+,%#$+-(.&//(0#(1--#--#%(2$(+3#&4(10&/&+5(+2D(
S7[!
1%&#.0*-%&!*+-*!-%!#,#/*.'/!/1..#%*!'%!-!/)%&1/*).!$.)&1/#0!-!2-(%#*'/!6'#,&!
.)1%&!'*!
MN[#
/&.,'$B&#%2&#,)".%'7,%$)"#)6#&*&,%')>(-"&%.#
MNDK# .R&%,2#("/#'&,)-"$.&#>(-"&%$,#6$&*/#0(%%&'".#6)'#(#.%'($-2%#1$'&T#(#
6*(%#,$',7*('#,)$*#("/#(#.)*&")$/#12&"#&(,2#$.#,(''+$"-#(#,7''&"%#
MNDD# 7"/&'.%("/#%2(%#%2&'&#$.#(#6)',&#)"#(#,2('-&/#0('%$,*&#12&"#$%#>)S&.#
$"#(#>(-"&%$,#6$&*/#(.#*)"-#(.#$%.#>)%$)"#$.#")%#0('(**&*#%)#%2&#6$&*/#
S7OP! 1%&#.0*-%&!*+-*!-!6)./#!'0!#E#.*#&!)%!-!/1..#%*:/-..4'%(!5'.#!'%!-!2-(%#*'/!
6'#,&3!-%&!+)5!*+'0!#66#/*!'0!-$$,'#&!'%!0'2$,#!&7/7!#,#/*.'/!2)*).0!-%&!
,)1&0$#-F#.0!
S7OT! 10#!*+#!,#6*!+-%&!.1,#!*)!$.#&'/*!*+#!&'.#/*')%!)6!*+#!.#01,*'%(!6)./#!5+#%!-!
5'.#!/-..'#0!-!/1..#%*!$#.$#%&'/1,-.!*)!-!2-(%#*'/!6'#,&!
S7OX! &#0/.'9#!+)5!*+#!6)./#!)%!-!/1..#%*:/-..4'%(!/)%&1/*).!'%!-!2-(%#*'/!6'#,&!
'%/.#-0#0!5'*+!*+#!0*.#%(*+!)6!*+#!6'#,&!-%&!5'*+!*+#!/1..#%*7!!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!G!!
<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
O^!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
&7***
J-3(#$%2,A"3#)(*)"&'(#)%"*
*+,%#$+-(.&//(0#(1--#--#%(2$(+3#&4(10&/&+5(+2D(
S7OY! 1%&#.0*-%&!*+-*!-!J),*-(#!'0!'%&1/#&!'%!-!/)%&1/*).!).!-!/)',!5+#%!'*!2)J#0!
*+.)1(+!-!2-(%#*'/!6'#,&!).!5+#%!-!2-(%#*'/!6'#,&!/+-%(#0!*+.)1(+!'*!-%&!
&#0/.'9#!*+#!6-/*).0!5+'/+!-66#/*!*+#!0'h#!)6!*+#!'%&1/#&!J),*-(#!
S7OS! &#0/.'9#!*+#!(#%#.-*')%!)6!#,#/*.'/'*4!94!*+#!.)*-*')%!)6!-!2-(%#*!5'*+'%!-!
/)',!)6!5'.#!-%&!)6!-!/)',!)6!5'.#!5'*+'%!-!2-(%#*'/!6'#,&!-%&!&#0/.'9#!*+#!
6-/*).0!5+'/+!-66#/*!*+#!0'h#!)6!*+#!'%&1/#&!J),*-(#!
MNDO# /&.,'$B&#%2&#.%'7,%7'&#)6#(#%'(".6)'>&'T#("/#7"/&'.%("/#%2(%#(#
%'(".6)'>&'#,2("-&.#%2&#.$^&#)6#("#(*%&'"(%$"-#S)*%(-&#B+#2(S$"-#
/$66&'&"%#"7>B&'.#)6#%7'".#)"#%2&#$"07%#("/#)7%07%#.$/&.#
MNDY# &40*($"#%2&#7.&#)6#.%&0\70#("/#.%&0\/)1"#%'(".6)'>&'.#$"#%2&#*('-&\
.,(*&#-&"&'(%$)"#("/#%'(".>$..$)"#)6#&*&,%'$,(*#&"&'-+#
MND[# R")1#("/#7.&#%2&#'&*(%$)".2$0#B&%1&&"#$"07%#@0'$>('+C#("/#)7%07%#
@.&,)"/('+C#S)*%(-&.#("/#%2&#%7'".#'(%$)#6)'#(#%'(".6)'>&'H#
$"07% @0'$>('+C S)*%(-&
)7%07% @.&,)"/('+C S)*%(-&
U
0'$>('+ %7'".
.&,)"/('+ %7'".
!
(&
'
$ & !
(%
'%
!
MNGK# R")1#("/#7.&#%2&#'&*(%$)".2$0H#
#
$"07%#0)1&'#U#)7%07%#0)1&'##
(!")!""U""(#")#"
#
PW!
6)'#DKKP#&66$,$&",+#
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!
!G!<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
@3(#)%"*TD*U,&)%,(#)G)#=*,"&*;,$#)(-30*
-R! B%'*0!
9R! \-&')-/*'J'*4!
/R! I-.*'/,#0!
,7***
E")#0*
*+,%#$+-(.&//(0#(1--#--#%(2$(+3#&4(10&/&+5(+2D(
U7O!
10#!*+#!6),,)5'%(!1%'*0D!9#/A1#.#,!QNAR3!/#%*'2#*.#!Q/2R3!+)1.!Q+R3!2'%1*#!
Q2'%R3!0#/)%&!Q0R7!
97***
U,&)%,(#)G)#=*
*+,%#$+-(.&//(0#(1--#--#%(2$(+3#&4(10&/&+5(+2D(
U7P!
&#0/.'9#!*+#!0*.1/*1.#!)6!-%!-*)2!'%!*#.20!)6!$.)*)%03!%#1*.)%0!-%&!
#,#/*.)%0!-%&!10#!0429),0!01/+!-0!
%'
(
& !*)!&#0/.'9#!$-.*'/1,-.!%1/,#'!
U7T!
1%&#.0*-%&!*+#!*#.20!-*)2'/!Q$.)*)%R!%129#.3!2-00!Q%1/,#)%R!%129#.!-%&!
'0)*)$#!
U7X!
1%&#.0*-%&!*+-*!-,$+-!-%&!9#*-!$-.*'/,#0!-%&!(-22-!.-40!-.#!')%'0'%(!
.-&'-*')%0!#2'**#&!6.)2!1%0*-9,#!%1/,#'!'%!-!.-%&)2!$.)/#00!
U7Y!
&#0/.'9#!*+#!%-*1.#!)6!-,$+-!-%&!9#*-!$-.*'/,#0!-%&!(-22-!.-40!-%&!.#/-,,!
*+-*!*+#4!2-4!9#!&'0*'%(1'0+#&!'%!*#.20!)6!$#%#*.-*'%(!$)5#.!
U7S!
&#0/.'9#!*+#!#66#/*0!)%!*+#!-*)2'/!-%&!2-00!%129#.0!)6!-!%1/,#10!)6!*+#!
#2'00')%!)6!#-/+!)6!*+#!*+.##!2-'%!*4$#0!)6!.-&'-*')%!
U7U!
1%&#.0*-%&!+)5!*)!/)2$,#*#!9-,-%/#&!%1/,#-.!#A1-*')%0!
U7[!
1%&#.0*-%&!*+-*!')%'0'%(!.-&'-*')%0!/-%!9#!&#*#/*#&!10'%(!-!$+)*)(.-$+'/!
6',2!).!-!=#'(#.:Z1,,#.!&#*#/*).!
U7^!
#E$,-'%!*+#!0)1./#0!)6!9-/F(.)1%&!.-&'-*')%!
U7OW! 1%&#.0*-%&!*+-*!*+#!-/*'J'*4!)6!-!.-&')-/*'J#!0)1./#!&#/.#-0#0!)J#.!-!$#.')&!
)6!*'2#!-%&!'0!2#-01.#&!'%!9#/A1#.#,0!
U7OO! 1%&#.0*-%&!*+#!*#.2!j+-,6:,'6#c!-%&!1%&#.0*-%&!*+-*!'*!'0!&'66#.#%*!6).!&'66#.#%*!
.-&')-/*'J#!'0)*)$#0!
U7OP! 10#!*+#!/)%/#$*!)6!+-,6:,'6#!*)!/-..4!)1*!0'2$,#!/-,/1,-*')%0!)%!-/*'J'*4!
U7OT! &#0/.'9#!*+#!10#0!)6!.-&')-/*'J'*4!'%!2#&'/-,!-%&!%)%:2#&'/-,!*.-/#.03!'%!
.-&')*+#.-$43!-%&!'%!*+#!.-&')-/*'J#!&-*'%(!)6!-./+-#),)('/-,!0$#/'2#%0!-%&!
.)/F0!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!G!!
<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
PO!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
U7OX! &#0/.'9#!*+#!&-%(#.0!)6!')%'0'%(!.-&'-*')%03!'%/,1&'%(D!
!! .-&'-*')%!/-%!/-10#!21*-*')%0!'%!,'J'%(!).(-%'020!
!! .-&'-*')%!/-%!&-2-(#!/#,,0!-%&!*'001#!
!! *+#!$.)9,#20!-.'0'%(!'%!*+#!&'0$)0-,!)6!.-&')-/*'J#!5-0*#!*
!
!
(7***
-%&!&#0/.'9#!+)5!*+#!-00)/'-*#&!.'0F0!/-%!9#!.#&1/#&7!
B,$#)(-30*
*+,%#$+-(.&//(0#(1--#--#%(2$(+3#&4(10&/&+5(+2D(
U7OY! &#0/.'9#!*+#!.#01,*0!)6!=#'(#.!-%&!Z-.0&#%c0!#E$#.'2#%*0!5'*+!(),&!6)',!-%&!
-,$+-!$-.*'/,#0!!
U7OS! &#0/.'9#!\1*+#.6).&c0!%1/,#-.!2)&#,!)6!*+#!-*)2!-%&!+)5!'*!-//)1%*0!6).!*+#!
.#01,*0!)6!=#'(#.!-%&!Z-.0&#%c0!#E$#.'2#%*!-%&!1%&#.0*-%&!*+#!6-/*).0!
Q/+-.(#!-%&!0$##&R!5+'/+!-66#/*!*+#!&#6,#/*')%!)6!-,$+-!$-.*'/,#0!94!-!
%1/,#10!!
U7OU! 1%&#.0*-%&!*+-*!-!%1/,#10!)6!B:PTY!/-%!9#!0$,'*!Q*+#!$.)/#00!)6!6'00')%R!94!
/),,'0')%!5'*+!-!%#1*.)%3!-%&!*+-*!*+'0!$.)/#00!.#,#-0#0!#%#.(4!'%!*+#!6).2!)6!
F'%#*'/!#%#.(4!)6!*+#!6'00')%!$.)&1/*0!!
U7O[! 1%&#.0*-%&!*+-*!*+#!6'00')%!)6!B:PTY!$.)&1/#0!*5)!&-1(+*#.!%1/,#'!-%&!-!
02-,,!%129#.!)6!%#1*.)%0!!
U7O^! 1%&#.0*-%&!*+-*!-!/+-'%!.#-/*')%!/-%!9#!0#*!1$!'6!*+#!%#1*.)%0!$.)&1/#&!94!
)%#!6'00')%!0*.'F#!)*+#.!B:PTY!%1/,#'!!
U7PW! 1%&#.0*-%&!*+#!.),#!$,-4#&!94!*+#!/)%*.),!.)&0!-%&!2)&#.-*).!5+#%!*+#!
6'00')%!$.)/#00!'0!10#&!-0!-%!#%#.(4!0)1./#!*)!(#%#.-*#!#,#/*.'/'*47!
!
PP!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!
!G!<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
80030023"#*
80030023"#*0'22,$=*
I-$#.!O!'0!#E*#.%-,,4!-00#00#&!*+.)1(+!-%!#E-2'%-*')%!$-$#.!,-0*'%(!P!+)1.07!
I-$#.!P!'0!#E*#.%-,,4!-00#00#&!*+.)1(+!-%!#E-2'%-*')%!$-$#.!,-0*'%(!O!+)1.7!
!
H+#!-00#002#%*!6).!*+'0!A1-,'6'/-*')%!'0!,'%#-.!-%&!9)*+!$-$#.0!210*!9#!*-F#%!'%!*+#!
0-2#!0#.'#07!
H+#.#!5',,!9#!-!.-%(#!)6!/)2$1,0).43!0+).*:-%05#.!0*.1/*1.#&!A1#0*')%0!'%!9)*+!
$-$#.0!5+'/+!-.#!.-2$#&!*)!#%01.#!-//#00'9','*4!6).!,#00!-9,#!0*1&#%*03!-0!5#,,!-0!*)!
0*.#*/+!2).#!-9,#!0*1&#%*07!
?*1&#%*0!2-4!9#!.#A1'.#&!*)!$#.6).2!/-,/1,-*')%03!&.-5!(.-$+0!-%&!&#0/.'9#3!
#E$,-'%!-%&!'%*#.$.#*!$+40'/-,!$+#%)2#%-7!?)2#!)6!*+#!A1#0*')%!/)%*#%*!5',,!9#!
1%6-2','-.!*)!0*1&#%*0k!*+#0#!A1#0*')%0!-.#!&#0'(%#&!*)!-00#00!&-*-:+-%&,'%(!0F',,0!
-%&!*+#!-9','*4!*)!-$$,4!$+40'/-,!$.'%/'$,#0!*)!1%6-2','-.!0'*1-*')%07!l1#0*')%0!
*-.(#*#&!-*!(.-&#0!KbGN!5',,!'%/,1&#!A1#0*')%0!&#0'(%#&!*)!*#0*!F%)5,#&(#3!
1%&#.0*-%&'%(!-%&!0F',,0!-*!-!+'(+#.!,#J#,3!'%/,1&'%(!0)2#!.#A1'.'%(!,)%(#.!$.)0#!
-%05#.07!
@'22,$=*%/*#,9-3*%/*,0030023"#*
?2+.$,.#?(0&'#D#
!!
@E*#.%-,,4!-00#00#&!
!!
KJ-',-9','*4D!a-%1-.4!-%&!a1%#!0#.'#0!
!!
8'.0*!-00#002#%*D!a1%#!PWOT!
!!
K00#00#0!-,,!K00#002#%*!]9;#/*'J#0!
!!
Z-E'212!2-.F!OPW!
!!
P:+)1.!#E-2'%-*')%!
!!
K00#00#0!0$#/'6'/-*')%!/)%*#%*!")%!'%!9),&!
?2+.$,.#?(0&'#G#
?(0&'#,)/&H#I?JKLD?#
?(0&'#,)/&H#I?JKLG?#
!!
@E*#.%-,,4!-00#00#&!
!!
KJ-',-9','*4D!a-%1-.4!-%&!a1%#!0#.'#0!
!!
8'.0*!-00#002#%*D!a1%#!PWOT!
!!
K00#00#0!-,,!K00#002#%*!]9;#/*'J#0!
!!
Z-E'212!2-.F!SW!
!!
O:+)1.!#E-2'%-*')%!
!!
K00#00#0!(**!0$#/'6'/-*')%!/)%*#%*3!'%/,1&'%(!*+-*!'%!B)*/!
!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!G!!
<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
PT!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
80030023"#*V9>3(#)G30*,"&*43)A:#)"A0*
<%!*+#!#E-2'%-*')%3!0*1&#%*0!5',,!9#!*#0*#&!)%!*+#!6),,)5'%(!-.#-0D!
!_D# ]")1*&/-&#("/#7"/&'.%("/$"-#
!_G# !00*$,(%$)"#)6#R")1*&/-&#("/#7"/&'.%("/$"-T#("(*+.$.#("/#
&S(*7(%$)"###
!_F# 340&'$>&"%(*#.R$**.T#("(*+.$.#("/#&S(*7(%$)"#)6#/(%(#("/#>&%2)/.#
PX!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!
!G!<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
80030023"#*V9>3(#)G30*43)A:#)"A0*
!
P#$"#
9"%&'"(%$)"(*#
:;<3#
K]OD!C%)5,#&(#!-%&!1%&#.0*-%&'%(b!
XYGYWm!
K]PD!K$$,'/-*')%!)6!F%)5,#&(#!-%&!1%&#.0*-%&'%(3!-%-,40'0!-%&!
#J-,1-*')%!
K]TD!@E$#.'2#%*-,!0F',,03!-%-,40'0!-%&!#J-,1-*')%!)6!&-*-!-%&!
2#*+)&0!
`_`!a#
PU7YGTP7Ym!
PWGPYm!
DKKP#
!
U3-,#)%"0:);*%/*80030023"#*V9>3(#)G30*#%*B,;3$0*/%$*
?3$#)/)(,#3*
!..&..>&"%#_BW&,%$S&.#
!_Db#
!_G#
!_F#
`)%(*#>('R.#
6)'#!_DT#!_G#
("/#!_F#
I+40'/0!!
I-$#.!O!
YXGSW!2-.F0!
TTGT^!2-.F0!
PXGTW!2-.F0!
OPW!2-.F0!
I+40'/0!
I-$#.!P!
PUGTW!2-.F0!
OSGPW!2-.F0!
OPGOY!2-.F0!
SW!2-.F0!
XYGYWm!
PU7YGTP7Ym!
PWGPYm!
OWWm!
?(0&'#
"7>B&'#
I#./#%*-(#!)6!
>#.*'6'/-*#!
b!_)!2).#!*+-%!YWm!)6!*+#!K]O!2-.F0!6)'#%2&#9"%&'"(%$)"(*#:;<3#5',,!9#!6).!
.#/-,,!)6!F%)5,#&(#!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!G!!
<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
PY!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
J"#3$)"A*=%'$*0#'&3"#0*/%$*,0030023"#*
@#'&3"#*3"#$=*
"#*-',0!)6!+)5!*)!#%*#.!0*1&#%*0!6).!*+'0!A1-,'6'/-*')%!/-%!9#!6)1%&!'%!@&#E/#,c0!
:$+#4$1+&2$1/!:$;24<1+&2$(=1$,1/3!/)$'#0!)6!5+'/+!-.#!0#%*!*)!-,,!-/*'J#!@&#E/#,!
/#%*.#07!H+#!'%6).2-*')%!/-%!-,0)!9#!6)1%&!)%!*+#!@&#E/#,!5#90'*#7!
1%$9)&&3"*(%29)",#)%"0*
<*!'0!6).9'&&#%!6).!0*1&#%*0!*)!*-F#!*+'0!A1-,'6'/-*')%!-*!*+#!0-2#!*'2#!-0!*+#!
@&#E/#,!L#J#,!OdL#J#,!P!'%!I+40'/0!A1-,'6'/-*')%7!
?-,00)/)(,#)%"*(%&3*
>#%*.#0!0+)1,&!9#!-5-.#!*+-*!0*1&#%*0!5+)!#%*#.!6).!2).#!*+-%!)%#!A1-,'6'/-*')%!
5'*+!*+#!0-2#!/,-00'6'/-*')%!/)&#!5',,!+-J#!)%,4!)%#!(.-&#!Q*+#!+'(+#0*R!/)1%*#&!6).!
*+#!$1.$)0#!)6!*+#!0/+)),!-%&!/),,#(#!$#.6).2-%/#!*-9,#07!
8((300*,$$,"A323"#0*,"&*0;3(),-*$3Q')$323"#0*
@&#E/#,c0!$),'/4!)%!-//#00!-..-%(#2#%*0!-%&!0$#/'-,!/)%0'&#.-*')%0!6).!=>@3!=>?@3!
<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!-%&!@%*.4!L#J#,!A1-,'6'/-*')%0!-'20!*)!#%+-%/#!-//#00!*)!*+#!
A1-,'6'/-*')%0!6).!0*1&#%*0!5'*+!&'0-9','*'#0!-%&!)*+#.!&'66'/1,*'#0!5'*+)1*!
/)2$.)2'0'%(!*+#!-00#002#%*!)6!0F',,03!F%)5,#&(#3!1%&#.0*-%&'%(!).!/)2$#*#%/#7!
I,#-0#!0##!*+#!@&#E/#,!5#90'*#!Q5557#&#E/#,7/)2R!6).D!
!!
*+#!a)'%*!>)1%/',!6).!l1-,'6'/-*')%0!Qa>lR!$),'/4!!88#--(!441$>#<#$+-?(
@#1-2$10/#(!%A,-+<#$+-(1$%(*"#8&1/(B2$-&%#41+&2$-(CDEDFCDEE!
!!
*+#!6).20!*)!0192'*!6).!.#A1#0*0!6).!-//#00!-..-%(#2#%*0!-%&!0$#/'-,!
/)%0'&#.-*')%0!
!!
&-*#0!6).!0192'00')%!)6!*+#!6).207!
\#A1#0*0!6).!-//#00!-..-%(#2#%*0!-%&!0$#/'-,!/)%0'&#.-*')%0!210*!9#!-&&.#00#&!
*)D!
?$#/'-,!\#A1'.#2#%*0!!
@&#E/#,!
]%#^W!M'(+!M),9).%!
L)%&)%!V>Og!UNM!
JQ',-)#=*8(#*IWCW*
I,#-0#!0##!*+#!@&#E/#,!5#90'*#!Q5557#&#E/#,7/)2R!6).!'%6).2-*')%!)%!*+#!@A1-,'*4!
K/*!PWOW!
PS!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!
!G!<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
X3,-#:*,"&*0,/3#=*
?*1&#%*0!210*!6),,)5!*+#!+#-,*+!-%&!0-6#*4!.1,#0!5+'/+!%).2-,,4!)$#.-*#!'%!*+#'.!
,-9).-*).'#07!
\#0$)%0'9','*4!6).!0-6#*4!&1.'%(!$.-/*'/-,!-/*'J'*'#0!.#0*0!5'*+!*+#!/#%*.#7!
c$%2#(**#*(B)'(%)'+#0'(,%$,(*.#$%#$.#&..&"%$(*#%2(%#,&"%'&.#,(''+#)7%#(#
/&%($*&/#'$.R#(..&..>&"%#B&6)'&#(**)1$"-#.%7/&"%.#%)#,(''+#)7%#%2&#
0'(,%$,(*N!
8).!61.*+#.!'%6).2-*')%!)%!.'0F!-00#002#%*0!-%&!/+#2'/-,!+-h-.&0!$,#-0#!.#6#.!*)!
*+#!>L@KI??!5#90'*#!Q5557/,#-$007).(71FR7!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!G!!
<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
PU!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
800300)"A*=%'$*0#'&3"#0*
H+#!6'.0*!-00#002#%*!)$$).*1%'*4!6).!I+40'/0!I-$#.!O!-%&!I+40'/0!I-$#.!P!'%!*+'0!
A1-,'6'/-*')%!5',,!*-F#!$,-/#!'%!*+#!a1%#!PWOT!0#.'#0!-%&!'%!#-/+!a-%1-.4!-%&!a1%#!
0#.'#0!*+#.#-6*#.!6).!*+#!,'6#*'2#!)6!*+#!0$#/'6'/-*')%7!
Y%'$*0#'&3"#*,0030023"#*%;;%$#'")#)30*
#
I+40'/0!
d7"&#
GKDG#
d("#GKDF#
d7"&#
GKDF#
d("#GKDI#
!
!
!!
!!
84,$&)"A*,"&*$3;%$#)"A*
H+#!(.-&'%(3!-5-.&'%(!-%&!/#.*'6'/-*')%!)6!*+'0!A1-,'6'/-*')%!5',,!/)2$,4!5'*+!*+#!
.#A1'.#2#%*0!)6!*+#!/1..#%*!=>?@d=>@!>)&#!)6!I.-/*'/#3!5+'/+!'0!$19,'0+#&!94!*+#!
]66'/#!)6!l1-,'6'/-*')%0!-%&!@E-2'%-*')%0!\#(1,-*')%!Q]6A1-,R7!H+#!<%*#.%-*')%-,!
=>?@!A1-,'6'/-*')%!5',,!9#!(.-&#&!-%&!/#.*'6'/-*#&!)%!-%!#'(+*:(.-&#!0/-,#!6.)2!Kb!
*)!=7!
?*1&#%*0!5+)0#!,#J#,!)6!-/+'#J#2#%*!'0!9#,)5!*+#!2'%'212!0*-%&-.&!6).!=.-&#!=!
5',,!.#/#'J#!-%!1%/,-00'6'#&!QBR7!V+#.#!1%/,-00'6'#&!'0!.#/#'J#&!'*!5',,!%)*!9#!
.#/).&#&!)%!*+#!/#.*'6'/-*#7!
H+#!6'.0*!/#.*'6'/-*')%!)$$).*1%'*4!6).!*+#!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!5',,!
9#!a1%#!PWOT7!
?*1&#%*0!5+)0#!,#J#,!)6!-/+'#J#2#%*!'0!9#,)5!*+#!2'%'212!;1&(#&!94!@&#E/#,!*)!
9#!)6!0166'/'#%*!0*-%&-.&!*)!9#!.#/).&#&!)%!-!/#.*'6'/-*#!5',,!.#/#'J#!-%!1%/,-00'6'#&!
B!.#01,*7!
N,"A',A3*%/*,0030023"#*
K00#002#%*!)6!*+'0!A1-,'6'/-*')%!5',,!9#!-J-',-9,#!'%!@%(,'0+!)%,47!K00#002#%*!
2-*#.'-,0!5',,!9#!$19,'0+#&!'%!@%(,'0+!)%,4!-%&!-,,!5).F!0192'**#&!6).!#E-2'%-*')%!
-%&!2)&#.-*')%!210*!9#!$.)&1/#&!'%!@%(,'0+7!
F,-;$,(#)(3*,"&*;-,A),$)02*
8).!1$:*):&-*#!-&J'/#!)%!2-,$.-/*'/#!-%&!$,-('-.'023!$,#-0#!.#6#.!*)!*+#!a>lc0!
*,-"#8+#%(=1/"418+&8#(&$(G'1<&$1+&2$-(1$%(!--#--<#$+-6(H2/&8&#-(1$%(H428#%,4#-!
&)/12#%*!)%(*+#(a>l!5#90'*#3!5557;/A7).(71F7!
@#'&3"#*$3($')#23"#*
@&#E/#,c0!-//#00!$),'/4!/)%/#.%'%(!.#/.1'*2#%*!*)!)1.!A1-,'6'/-*')%0!'0!*+-*D!
!!
*+#4!210*!9#!-J-',-9,#!*)!-%4)%#!5+)!'0!/-$-9,#!)6!.#-/+'%(!*+#!.#A1'.#&!
0*-%&-.&!
!!
*+#4!210*!9#!6.##!6.)2!9-..'#.0!*+-*!.#0*.'/*!-//#00!-%&!$.)(.#00')%!
!!
#A1-,!)$$).*1%'*'#0!#E'0*!6).!-,,!0*1&#%*07!
P[!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!
!G!<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
Z')&3&*-3,$")"A*:%'$0*
H+#!%129#.!)6!(1'&#&!,#-.%'%(!+)1.0!.#A1'.#&!6).!*+'0!A1-,'6'/-*')%!'0!OPWGOXW7!
H+'0!.#6,#/*0!+)5!/#%*.#0!5',,!10#!*'2#!6).!$.-/*'/-,!-/*'J'*'#0!&'66#.#%*,47!
B$%A$300)%"*
H+'0!A1-,'6'/-*')%!01$$).*0!$.)(.#00')%!*)D!
!!
@&#E/#,!=>@!K&J-%/#&!?190'&'-.4!-%&!K&J-%/#&!L#J#,!'%!I+40'/0!
!!
@&#E/#,!L#J#,!T!NH@>!_-*')%-,!K5-.&d>#.*'6'/-*#d"'$,)2-!'%!K$$,'#&!?/'#%/#7!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!G!!
<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
P^!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
Z$,&3*&30($);#)%"0*
:'(/&#!#
>-%&'&-*#0!/-%6(
!!
.#/-,,!-!5'&#!.-%(#!)6!F%)5,#&(#!6.)2!-,,!-.#-0!)6!*+#!0$#/'6'/-*')%!
!!
10#!&#*-',#&!0/'#%*'6'/!F%)5,#&(#!-%&!1%&#.0*-%&'%(!'%!2-%4!&'66#.#%*!-.#-0!
.#,-*'%(!*)!0/'#%*'6'/!040*#20!).!$+#%)2#%-7!8).!#E-2$,#3!*+#4!/-%!10#!2-%4!
&'66#.#%*!.#,-*')%0+'$0!9#*5##%!$+40'/-,!A1-%*'*'#0!*)!/-..4!)1*!/-,/1,-*')%0!
#66#/*'J#,4!
!!
&.-5!*)(#*+#.!-%&!/)221%'/-*#!F%)5,#&(#!6.)2!2).#!*+-%!)%#!-.#-3!.)1*'%#,4!
10#!0/'#%*'6'/!).!2-*+#2-*'/-,!/)%J#%*')%0!'%!01$$).*!)6!-.(12#%*03!-%&!10#!-!
5'&#!.-%(#!)6!0/'#%*'6'/!-%&!*#/+%'/-,!J)/-91,-.4!*+.)1(+)1*!*+#'.!5).F!
!!
10#!0/'#%*'6'/!F%)5,#&(#!-%&!1%&#.0*-%&'%(!*)!&#0/.'9#!-%!-$$.)$.'-*#!2#*+)&!
6).!-!$.-/*'/-,!*-0F3!'&#%*'64'%(!*+#!F#4!6-/*).0!*)!9#!/)%0'&#.#&7!H+#4!/-%!.#/-,,!
).!&#0/.'9#!-!.-%(#!)6!-$$-.-*10!.#A1'.#&!6).!*+#!*-0F7!H+#4!/-%!0#,#/*!-!
2#*+)&!)6!$.#0#%*'%(!&-*-!5+'/+!'0!-$$.)$.'-*#!*)!*+#!*-0Fk!*+#4!/-%!0#,#/*!
'%6).2-*')%!6.)2!-!.-%(#!)6!0)1./#0!5+#.#!'*!'0!-$$.)$.'-*#!*)!&)!0)7!H+#4!/-%!
'&#%*'64!-%&!#E$,-'%!-%)2-,)10!)90#.J-*')%0!-%&!2#-01.#2#%*0!-%&!*+#!0-,'#%*!
6#-*1.#0!)6!(.-$+0!
!!
10#!0/'#%*'6'/!F%)5,#&(#!-%&!1%&#.0*-%&'%(!*)!'&#%*'64!-%&!#E$,-'%!$-**#.%0!-%&!
&.-5!/)%/,10')%0!6.)2!*+#!#J'&#%/#!94!/)29'%'%(!&-*-!)6!2).#!*+-%!)%#!F'%&!).!
6.)2!2).#!*+-%!)%#!0)1./#7!H+#4!/-%!'&#%*'64!0+).*/)2'%(0!'%!#J'&#%/#3!10#!
0/'#%*'6'/!F%)5,#&(#!-%&!1%&#.0*-%&'%(!*)!&.-5!/)%/,10')%0!6.)2!*+#'.!#J'&#%/#!
-%&!01((#0*!'2$.)J#2#%*0!*)!2#*+)&0!10#&!*+-*!5)1,&!#%-9,#!*+#2!*)!/),,#/*!
2).#!.#,'-9,#!#J'&#%/#7!
:'(/&#;#
>-%&'&-*#0!/-%D!
!!
.#/-,,!-!.-%(#!)6!0/'#%*'6'/!'%6).2-*')%!6.)2!-,,!-.#-0!)6!*+#!0$#/'6'/-*')%3!
'%/,1&'%(!1%'*0!
!!
10#!-%&!-$$,4!0/'#%*'6'/!F%)5,#&(#!-%&!1%&#.0*-%&'%(!'%!0)2#!(#%#.-,!/)%*#E*07!
8).!#E-2$,#3!*+#4!/-%!10#!A1-%*'*-*'J#!.#,-*')%0+'$0!9#*5##%!$+40'/-,!A1-%*'*'#0!
*)!$#.6).2!/-,/1,-*')%0!
!!
&#0/.'9#!,'%F0!9#*5##%!.#,-*#&!$+#%)2#%-!'%!&'66#.#%*!/)%*#E*0k!10#!&'-(.-203!
/+-.*0!-%&!(.-$+0!*)!01$$).*!-.(12#%*0k!10#!-$$.)$.'-*#!0/'#%*'6'/!-%&!
*#/+%'/-,!J)/-91,-.4!'%!-!.-%(#!)6!/)%*#E*0!
!!
10#!0/'#%*'6'/!F%)5,#&(#!-%&!1%&#.0*-%&'%(!*)!'&#%*'64!-%!-$$.)-/+!*)!-!
$.-/*'/-,!0/#%-.')7!8).!#E-2$,#3!*+#4!/-%!'&#%*'64!F#4!6-/*).0!*)!J-.4!-%&!
/)%*.),k!*+#4!/-%!.#/-,,!).!&#0/.'9#!-!.-%(#!)6!-$$-.-*10!.#A1'.#&!6).!*+#!*-0Fk!
*+#4!/-%!$.#0#%*!&-*-!040*#2-*'/-,,43!'%!(.-$+0!5+#.#!-$$.)$.'-*#3!-%&!10#!
,'%#0!)6!9#0*!6'*k!*+#4!/-%!'&#%*'64!-%&!#E$,-'%!$-**#.%0!5'*+'%!&-*-!-%&!&.-5!
/)%/,10')%0!/)%0'0*#%*!5'*+!*+#!#J'&#%/#7!H+#4!/-%!#E$,-'%!*+#0#!/)%/,10')%0!)%!
*+#!9-0'0!)6!*+#'.!0/'#%*'6'/!F%)5,#&(#!-%&!1%&#.0*-%&'%(3!-%&!#J-,1-*#!+)5!
0*.)%(,4!*+#'.!#J'&#%/#!01$$).*0!*+#!/)%/,10')%07!!
TW!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!
!G!<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
:'(/&#e#
>-%&'&-*#0!/-%D!
!!
.#/-,,!-!,'2'*#&!.-%(#!)6!'%6).2-*')%3!6).!#E-2$,#!*+#4!01((#0*!5-40!'%!5+'/+!
'%01,-*')%!'0!10#&!'%!&)2#0*'/!/)%*#E*0!
!!
10#!-%&!-$$,4!F%)5,#&(#!-%&!1%&#.0*-%&'%(!'%!0)2#!0$#/'6'/!#J#.4&-4!
/)%*#E*03!6).!#E-2$,#!*+#4!#E$,-'%!*+-*!61#,0!-.#!#%#.(4!.#0)1./#0!
!!
2-F#!0)2#!10#!)6!0/'#%*'6'/!-%&!*#/+%'/-,!J)/-91,-.4!-%&!2-F#!0'2$,#!
(#%#.-,'0-*')%0!6.)2!'%6).2-*')%!
!!
&#J'0#!6-'.!*#0*0!'%!/)%*#E*0!5+'/+!'%J),J#!)%,4!-!6#5!6-/*).07!H+#4!/-%!.#/-,,!).!
&#0/.'9#!0'2$,#!-$$-.-*10!-$$.)$.'-*#!6).!*+#!*-0F7!H+#4!/-%!)9*-'%!'%6).2-*')%!
6.)2!0'2$,#!*-9,#03!/+-.*0!-%&!(.-$+0!-%&!'&#%*'64!0'2$,#!$-**#.%0!'%!
'%6).2-*')%!-%&!)90#.J-*')%07!H+#4!/-%!)66#.!#E$,-%-*')%0!/)%0'0*#%*!5'*+!*+#!
#J'&#%/#!)9*-'%#&7!
!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!G!!
<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
TO!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
@';;%$#*,"&*#$,)")"A*
J&3[(3-*0';;%$#*03$G)(30*
@&#E/#,!+-0!-!5'&#!.-%(#!)6!01$$).*!0#.J'/#0!*)!+#,$!4)1!'2$,#2#%*!*+'0!
A1-,'6'/-*')%!01//#0061,,47!
f&.7*%.?*7.!G!\#01,*0I,10!'0!-%!-$$,'/-*')%!,-1%/+#&!94!@&#E/#,!*)!+#,$!019;#/*!
*#-/+#.03!0#%').!2-%-(#2#%*!*#-20!-%&!0*1&#%*0!94!$.)J'&'%(!&#*-',#&!-%-,40'0!)6!
#E-2'%-*')%!$#.6).2-%/#7!\#$).*0!*+-*!/)2$-.#!$#.6).2-%/#!9#*5##%!019;#/*03!
/,-00#03!4)1.!/#%*.#!-%&!0'2',-.!/#%*.#0!/-%!9#!(#%#.-*#&!5'*+!)%#!/,'/F7!?F',,0!
2-$0!*+-*!0+)5!$#.6).2-%/#!-//).&'%(!*)!*+#!0$#/'6'/-*')%!*)$'/!9#'%(!*#0*#&!-.#!
-J-',-9,#!6).!0)2#!019;#/*07!8).!61.*+#.!'%6).2-*')%!-9)1*!5+'/+!019;#/*0!5',,!9#!
-%-,40#&!*+.)1(+!\#01,*0I,10!-%&!6).!'%6).2-*')%!)%!+)5!*)!-//#00!-%&!10#!*+#!
0#.J'/#3!$,#-0#!J'0'*!5557#&#E/#,7/)2d.#01,*0$,107!!
!.R#%2&#340&'%!G!*)!2-F#!'*!#-0'#.!6).!4)1!*)!.-'0#!-!A1#.4!5'*+!10!)%,'%#3!5#!
+-J#!2#.(#&!)1.!!.R#3/&4,&*!-%&!!.R#%2&#340&'%#0#.J'/#07!
H+#.#!'0!%)5!)%#!#-04:*):10#!5#9!A1#.4!6).2!*+-*!5',,!-,,)5!4)1!*)!-0F!-%4!
A1#0*')%!-9)1*!*+#!&#,'J#.4!).!*#-/+'%(!)6!@&#E/#,!A1-,'6'/-*')%07!n)1!5',,!.#/#'J#!-!
$#.0)%-,!.#0$)%0#3!6.)2!)%#!)6!)1.!-&2'%'0*.-*'J#!).!*#-/+'%(!#E$#.*03!0#%*!*)!*+#!
#2-',!-&&.#00!4)1!$.)J'&#7!
V#!5',,!-,0)!9#!&)'%(!,)*0!)6!5).F!*)!'2$.)J#!*+#!A1-%*'*4!-%&!A1-,'*4!)6!'%6).2-*')%!
'%!)1.!8Kl!&-*-9-0#!5+#.#!4)1!5',,!9#!-9,#!*)!6'%&!-%05#.0!*)!2-%4!A1#0*')%07!
34(>^)"&!G!*+#!@E-2h)%#!0'*#!'0!-'2#&!-*!0*1&#%*0!0'**'%(!#E*#.%-,!#E-2'%-*')%0!
-%&!('J#0!'%6).2-*')%!)%!.#J'0')%3!-&J'/#!6.)2!#E-2'%#.0!-%&!(1'&-%/#!)%!.#01,*03!
'%/,1&'%(!.#2-.F'%(3!.#0'**'%(!-%&!$.)(.#00')%!)$$).*1%'*'#07!81.*+#.!0#.J'/#0!6).!
0*1&#%*0!G!2-%4!)6!5+'/+!5',,!-,0)!9#!)6!'%*#.#0*!*)!$-.#%*0!G!5',,!9#!-J-',-9,#!'%!!
*+#!%#-.!61*1.#7!L'%F0!*)!*+'0!0'*#!/-%!9#!6)1%&!)%!*+#!2-'%!+)2#$-(#!-*!
5557#E-2h)%#7/)71F7!
M$,)")"A*
K!$.)(.-22#!)6!$.)6#00')%-,!&#J#,)$2#%*!-%&!*.-'%'%(!/)1.0#03!/)J#.'%(!J-.')10!
-0$#/*0!)6!*+#!0$#/'6'/-*')%!-%&!#E-2'%-*')%3!5',,!9#!-..-%(#&!94!@&#E/#,7!81,,!
&#*-',0!/-%!9#!)9*-'%#&!6.)2!)1.!5#90'*#D!5557#&#E/#,7/)27!
!
TP!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!
!G!<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
8;;3"&)(30*
!
K$$#%&'E!OD!I+40'/0!6).21,-#!6).!.#,-*')%0+'$0!
TY!
K$$#%&'E!PD!@,#/*.'/-,!/'./1'*!0429),0!
TU!
K$$#%&'E!TD!V'&#.!/1..'/1,12!
T^!
K$$#%&'E!XD!?1((#0*#&!$.-/*'/-,0!
XO!
!
!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!G!!
<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
TT!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
!
TX!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!
!G!<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
8;;3"&)[*CD*B:=0)(0*/%$2'-,3*/%$*$3-,#)%"0:);0*
H+#!.#,-*')%0+'$0!,'0*#&!9#,)5!5',,!")%#9#!$.)J'&#&!6).!0*1&#%*0!#'*+#.!'%!*+#!6).2!
('J#%!).!'%!.#-..-%(#&!6).27!
!
Q'R!
*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!-J#.-(#!0$##&3!&'0*-%/#!-%&!*'2#D!
-J#.-(#! 0$##&!e
&'0*-%/#!2)J#&
*'2#!*-F#%
!
!
!
Q''R!
*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!6)./#3!2-00!-%&!-//#,#.-*')%)!
6)./#!e!2-00!#!-//#,#.-*')%!
-//#,#.-*')%e
/+-%(#'% J#,)/'*4
*'2# *-F#%
!
!
!
Q'''R!
>)>&"%7>#U#>(..#V#S&*),$%+#
>)>&"%7>"U"#"V"$!
!
!
Q'JR!
*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!&#%0'*43!2-00!-%&!J),12#)!
&#%0'*4 e
2-00
J),12#
!
!
!
QJR!
*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!6)./#3!&'0*-%/#!-%&!5).FD!
!
5).F!&)%#!e!6)./#!#!&'0*-%/#!2)J#&!
!
QJ'R!
*+#!#%#.(4!.#,-*')%0+'$0D!
#%#.(4!*.-%06#..#&!e!5).F!&)%#!
F'%#*'/!#%#.(4!e! % !#!2-00!#!0$##&P!
$
(.-J'*-*')%-,!$)*#%*'-,!#%#.(4!e!2-00!#!'!#!+#'(+*!
!
!
QJ''R!
*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!2-003!5#'(+*!-%&!(.-J'*-*')%-,!6'#,&!0*.#%(*+)!
5#'(+*!e!2-00!#!(.-J'*-*')%-,!6'#,&!0*.#%(*+!
!
!
QJ'''R!
*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!-%!-$$,'#&!6)./#3!*+#!-.#-!)J#.!5+'/+!'*!-/*0!-%&!
*+#!.#01,*'%(!$.#001.#D!
$.#001.#!e
!
6)./#
-.#-
!
!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!G!!
<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
TY!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
!
Q'ER!
*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!*+#!2)2#%*!)6!-!6)./#!-%&!'*0!&'0*-%/#!6.)2!*+#!
$'J)*)!
2)2#%*!e!6)./#!f!$#.$#%&'/1,-.!&'0*-%/#!6.)2!*+#!$'J)*!
!
!
QER!
*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$0!9#*5##%!/+-.(#3!/1..#%*3!J),*-(#3!.#0'0*-%/#!-%&!
#,#/*.'/-,!$)5#.)!
/+-.(#!e!/1..#%*!f!*'2#!
J),*-(#!e!/1..#%*!f!.#0'0*-%/#!
#,#/*.'/-,!$)5#.!e!J),*-(#!f!/1..#%*!
!
!
QE'R!
*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!0$##&3!6.#A1#%/4!-%&!5-J#,#%(*+)!
5-J#!0$##&!e!6.#A1#%/4!f!5-J#,#%(*+!
!
!
QE''R!
'%$1*!Q$.'2-.4R!J),*-(#
)1*$1* Q0#/)%&-.4R J),*-(# !
*!
$.'2-.4 *1.%0
0#/)%&-.4!*1.%0
!
!
!
QE'''R!
*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!.#6.-/*'J#!'%&#E3!-%(,#!)6!'%/'&#%/#!-%&!-%(,#!)6!
.#6.-/*')%)!
!
3e
0'% 2
0'% )
!
!
!
QE'JR!
*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!.#6.-/*'J#!'%&#E!-%&!/.'*'/-,!-%(,#)!
0'%!49e!
%
3
9
!
!
#66'/'#%/4!e!10#61,!#%#.(4!)1*$1*!
! ! ! !!!*)*-,!#%#.(4!)1*$1*!
!
QEJ'R!
*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!6).!$.#001.#!&'66#.#%/#)!
QEJR!
$.#001.#!&'66#.#%/#!e!+#'(+*!f!&#%0'*4!f!'!
9
999999989e!69f!"9f!'9
!
QEJ''R!
'%$1*!$)5#.!e!)1*$1*!$)5#.!
- + , + !*!! -: , : !6).!OWWm!#66'/'#%/4!
!
!
TS!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!
!G!<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
8;;3"&)[*ID*J-3(#$)(,-*()$(')#*0=29%-0*
!
A&.,'$0%$)"#
<+>B)*#
>)%&1/*).0!/.)00'%(!
5'*+!%)!/)%%#/*')%!
!
a1%/*')%!)6!
/)%&1/*).0!
!
]$#%!05'*/+!
!
>,)0#&!05'*/+!
!
]$#%!$10+!05'*/+!
!
>,)0#&!$10+!05'*/+!
!
>#,,!
!
N-**#.4!)6!/#,,0!
I)5#.!01$$,4!
!
!
"-&#
#
A&.,'$0%$)"#
!
M#-*#.!
!
H+#.2'0*).!
!
!
!
L'(+*:&#$#%&#%*!
.#0'0*).!QL"\R!
!
\#,-4!
!
!
!
"')&#!
!
L'(+*:#2'**'%(!&')&#!
QL@"R!
!
!
!
L-2$!
!
L)1&0$#-F#.!
!
!
!
Z'/.)$+)%#!
!
@,#/*.'/!9#,,!
+,!
<+>B)*#
".&#!
H.-%06).2#.!
!
K22#*#.!
"
!
Z',,'-22#*#.!
#"
!
g),*2#*#.!
%
!
8'E#&!.#0'0*).!
!
g-.'-9,#!.#0'0*).!
!
!
!
@-.*+!).!(.)1%&!
!
Z)*).!
!
$
!
!
=#%#.-*).!
!
810#d/'./1'*!9.#-F#.!
!
!
&
!
!
!
!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!G!!
<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
TU!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
T[!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!
!G!<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
8;;3"&)[*KD*L)&3$*('$$)('-'2*
@)A";%0#)"A*,"&*&3G3-%;23"#*0'AA30#)%"0*
!
9..7&#
?(0&'##
_00)'%7"$%$&.#6)'#/&S&*)0>&"%##
?$'.'*1-,!
_)%#!
!
Z).-,!
K,,!
T/!
@*+'/-,!
K,,!
T/3!X7OS3!X7OU!
?)/'-,!
K,,!
P7P3!P7PY3!T/3!T7PX3!U7OX!
L#('0,-*'J#!
K,,!
P7P3!T/!
@/)%)2'/!
K,,!
T/3!T7PX3!X7OS3!X7OU!
>1,*1.-,!
K,,!
T/3!T7PX!
?10*-'%-9,#!
K,,!
T/3!T7PX3!X7[3!X7OS3!X7OU3!U7OX!
M#-,*+!-%&!0-6#*4!
K,,!
O7O^3!O7PO3!$.-/*'/-,!5).F3!P7P3!P7PX3!U7OX!
@1.)$#-%!'%'*'-*'J#0! K,,!
O7O^3!O7PO3!U7OX!
!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!G!!
<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
T^!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
XW!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!
!G!<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
8;;3"&)[*OD*@'AA30#3&*;$,(#)(,-0*
H+#!6),,)5'%(!01((#0*')%0!6).!$.-/*'/-,!'%J#0*'(-*')%0!#E#2$,'64!*+#!0/'#%*'6'/!
$.)/#00!-%&!/-%!01$$).*!0*1&#%*0c!1%&#.0*-%&'%(!)6!*+#!019;#/*7!
!!
<%J#0*'(-*#!*+#!$)5#.!/)%012$*')%!)6!,)5:J),*-(#!#,#/*.'/-,!'*#20!
!!
<%J#0*'(-*#!6-/*).0!-66#/*'%(!*+#!(#%#.-*')%!)6!#,#/*.'/!/1..#%*!94!'%&1/*')%!
!!
<%J#0*'(-*#!+)5!*+#!%-*1.#!)6!-!01.6-/#!-66#/*0!*+#!-2)1%*!)6!#%#.(4!.-&'-*#&!
).!-90).9#&!
!!
<%J#0*'(-*#!2)&#,0!*)!0+)5!.#6.-/*')%3!01/+!-0!*)4!/-.0!*.-J#,,'%(!'%*)!-!.#(')%!
)6!0-%&!
!!
<%J#0*'(-*#!*+#!-.#-0!9#4)%&!*+#!J'0'9,#!0$#/*.123!01/+!-0!*+)0#!6)1%&!94!
M#.0/+#,!-%&!\'**#.!5+)!&'0/)J#.#&!'%6.-.#&!-%&!1,*.-J'),#*!QBgR!.#0$#/*'J#,4!
!!
<%J#0*'(-*#!*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!$)*#%*'-,!&'66#.#%/#!QJ),*-(#R3!/1..#%*!-%&!
.#0'0*-%/#!
!!
<%J#0*'(-*#!*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!6)./#3!2-00!-%&!-//#,#.-*')%!
!!
<%J#0*'(-*#!*+#!6)./#0!.#A1'.#&!*)!0,'&#!9,)/F0!-,)%(!&'66#.#%*!01.6-/#03!5'*+!
&'66#.'%(!-2)1%*0!)6!6.'/*')%!
!!
<%J#0*'(-*#!+)5!/.12$,#!h)%#0!/-%!9#!10#&!*)!.#&1/#!*+#!6)./#0!'%!/),,'0')%0!
!!
<%J#0*'(-*#!6)./#0!9#*5##%!/+-.(#0!
!!
>)%&1/*!#E$#.'2#%*0!*)!0+)5!*+#!.#,-*')%0+'$!9#*5##%!$)*#%*'-,!&'66#.#%/#!
QJ),*-(#R3!/1..#%*!-%&!.#0'0*-%/#3!6).!-!/)2$)%#%*!5+)0#!.#0'0*-%/#!J-.'#0!5'*+!
-!('J#%!6-/*).3!01/+!-0!*#2$#.-*1.#3!,'(+*!'%*#%0'*4!-%&!$.#001.#!
!!
<%J#0*'(-*#!*+#!2)*')%!)6!6-,,'%(!
!!
<%J#0*'(-*#!2)2#%*12!&1.'%(!/),,'0')%0!
!!
<%J#0*'(-*#!$)5#.!94!.1%%'%(!1$!*+#!0*-'.0!).!,'6*'%(!)9;#/*0!)6!&'66#.#%*!5#'(+*0!
!!
<%J#0*'(-*#!*+#!/.'*'/-,!-%(,#!6).!$#.0$#Ed-'.!).!(,-00d-'.!).!5-*#.d-'.!9)1%&-.'#0!
!!
<%J#0*'(-*#!6-/*).0!-66#/*'%(!*+#!+#'(+*!)6!.#9)1%&!)6!9)1%/'%(!9-,,0!
!!
<%J#0*'(-*#!*+#!*#2$#.-*1.#!-%&!J),12#!.#,-*')%0+'$!6).!-!(-0!
!!
<%J#0*'(-*#!*+#!J),12#!-%&!$.#001.#!.#,-*')%0+'$!6).!-!(-0!!
!!
<%J#0*'(-*#!*+#!-90).$*')%!)6!,'(+*!94!*.-%0,1/#%*!2-*#.'-,0!'%!).&#.!*)!0'21,-*#!
.-40c!-90).$*')%!
09O[OOOO=DoV]\"I\]>oLHoI"o<_H@\_KH<]_KL!=>?@?!PWOPoB=WP^[YX!<_HL!=>?@!<_!IMn?<>?!QXIMWR7"]>7O:YOdO!
B=WP^[YX!G!?$#/'6'/-*')%!G!@&#E/#,!<%*#.%-*')%-,!=>?@!'%!I+40'/0!QXIMWR!G!!
<001#!X!G!_)J#29#.!PWOO!!`!I#-.0)%!@&1/-*')%!L'2'*#&!PWOO!
XO!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
!"#$%"&#'("&)*+,-.*
!"#$%&$'()!*+,'
-./012'3$$2$$/245'6.527%.1'
!"#$%&'()*"+)%",+&-.+'&/012&
!
!
!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
Contents
Paper 1P
Sample Assessment Material
Sample Mark Scheme
3
33
Paper 2P
Sample Assessment Material
Sample Mark Scheme
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Sample Assessment Material
47
61
© Edexcel Limited 2011
1
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
General Marking Guidance
!
All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the
first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
!
Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for
what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.
!
Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their
perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
!
There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be
used appropriately.
!
All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners
should always award full marks if deserved, ie if the answer matches the
mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the
candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
!
Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles
by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited.
!
When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme
to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.
!
Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it
with an alternative response.
Codes:
ecf = error carried forward
2
© Edexcel Limited 2011
Sample Assessment Material
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
Write your name here
Surname
Other names
Edexcel
International GCSE
Centre Number
Candidate Number
Physics
Paper: 1P
Sample Assessment Material
Time: 2 hours
Paper Reference
4PH0/1P
You must have:
Ruler, protractor, calculator
Total Marks
Instructions
black ink or ball-point pen.
t Use
in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
t Fill
centre number and candidate number.
all questions.
t Answer
the questions in the spaces provided
t Answer
– there may be more space than you need.
t Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
Information
total mark for this paper is 120.
t The
marks for each question are shown in brackets
t The
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
t Keep
on the time.
t Write anyoureyeanswers
and in good English.
t Try to answer everyneatly
t Check your answersquestion.
if you have time at the end.
t
S41648A
©2012 Pearson Education Ltd.
*S41648A0130*
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Sample Assessment Material
Turn over
© Edexcel Limited 2011
3
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
EQUATIONS
You may find the following equations useful.
energy transferred = current × voltage × time
E=I×V×t
pressure × volume = constant
p1 × V 1 = p 2 × V 2
pressure
= constant
kelvin temperature
p1 p2
=
T1 T2
frequency =
1
time period
f =
1
T
power =
work done
time taken
P=
W
t
power =
energy transferred
time taken
P=
W
t
v=
2 ×π × r
T
orbital speed =
2π × orbital radius
time period
Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.
4
© Edexcel Limited 2011
Sample Assessment Material
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
Answer ALL questions.
1 The Solar System contains planets, comets and satellites.
(a) Answer the following questions by placing a cross ( ) in the appropriate box.
(i)
When one object goes around another in space, it follows a path called
(1)
A a circle
B an equator
C an orbit
D an oval
(ii) Which force is responsible for planets following their paths around the Sun?
(1)
A friction
B gravity
C magnetism
D upthrust
(iii) Which force is responsible for artificial satellites following their paths around
the Earth?
(1)
A friction
B gravity
C magnetism
D upthrust
(iv) Moons are natural satellites of
(1)
A asteroids
B comets
C planets
D stars
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Sample Assessment Material
© Edexcel Limited 2011
5
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
(b) State one similarity in the movement of planets and comets.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) State one difference between the movement of planets and comets.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(d) Explain how the speed of a comet changes as it moves.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 1 = 8 marks)
6
© Edexcel Limited 2011
Sample Assessment Material
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
2 A student is investigating how the extension of a spring varies when she changes the
force stretching it.
The photograph shows how she sets up her experiment.
spring
hanging
mass
100 g
masses
The student has a ruler marked in centimetres.
Each mass is marked ‘100 g’.
The student writes the following plan:
!
!
!
!
I will hang 100 g on the spring.
I will hold the ruler next to the spring and measure the length of the spring.
I will add another mass and measure the length again.
I will repeat this process until I have enough measurements.
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Sample Assessment Material
© Edexcel Limited 2011
7
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
(a) Explain how the student could improve her plan to make her measurements more
accurate.
(5)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) State, with a reason, a suitable safety precaution the student should take when
carrying out her experiment.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
© Edexcel Limited 2011
Sample Assessment Material
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
(c) Describe how the student should convert her measurements of mass into forces.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(d) The student plots a graph of force against extension.
She finds that the spring obeys Hooke’s law.
On the axes below, sketch the line she gets.
(2)
Force in N
0
Extension in cm
(Total for Question 2 = 10 marks)
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Sample Assessment Material
© Edexcel Limited 2011
9
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
3 A triathlon race has three parts: swimming, riding a bicycle and running.
(a) The diagram shows the force responsible for the forward movement of an athlete
in the swimming part of the race.
Label the diagram to show two other forces acting on the athlete.
(2)
(b) The table shows the distance of each part of a triathlon race and the time an
athlete takes for each part.
Part of race
Distance in m
Time in s
1 500
1 200
riding a bicycle
40 000
3 600
running
10 000
2 000
swimming
(i)
Calculate the athlete’s average speed for the whole race.
Average speed =
10
© Edexcel Limited 2011
Sample Assessment Material
(2)
............................................................
m/s
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
(ii) The graph shows how the distance varied with time for the running part of
the race.
10000
9000
8000
7000
6000
distance in m
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0
500
1000
time in s
1500
2000
Describe how the athlete’s speed changed during this part of the race.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 3 = 7 marks)
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Sample Assessment Material
© Edexcel Limited 2011
11
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
4 Using mains electricity can be dangerous.
(a) Suggest two safety precautions you should take when putting a plug into a mains
socket.
(2)
1 . . . . . . ......................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . . . . . ......................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Mains electricity provides an alternating current (a.c.)
A battery provides direct current (d.c.)
Describe the difference between a.c. and d.c.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
© Edexcel Limited 2011
Sample Assessment Material
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
(c) The photograph shows two mains plugs.
mains plug A
mains plug B
Mains plug A has a connection for an earth wire.
Mains plug B does not have an earth connection.
(i)
Describe how the earth wire can act together with a fuse as a safety device.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Explain why mains plug B can be safe to use even though it has no earth
connection.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(d) A fuse is rated at 13 A.
The mains voltage is 230 V.
Calculate the maximum power that can be supplied using this fuse.
State the correct unit in your answer.
(3)
Maximum power = .................................................. Unit
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 4 = 11 marks)
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Sample Assessment Material
© Edexcel Limited 2011
13
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
5 Two students notice some small objects falling from a tree.
The objects have wings that make them spin around and fall slowly.
seed
wing
The students find out that this is the way that the tree spreads its seeds.
They decide to use these ‘winged seeds’ for an investigation.
They drop several seeds from a window and collect the data shown in the table.
Average mass of a winged seed
0.25 g
Vertical distance fallen
5m
Average time taken for a winged seed to fall
12 s
(a) Explain why it is a good idea to use a distance of 5 m in this experiment.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
© Edexcel Limited 2011
Sample Assessment Material
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
(b) Describe how the students should find the average mass of a winged seed.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) (i)
State the equation linking gravitational potential energy, mass, g and height.
(ii) Calculate the average gravitational potential energy lost by one winged seed
as it falls a vertical distance of 5 m.
Gravitational potential energy =
(iii) Describe what happens to this energy.
..............................................
(1)
(2)
J
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 5 = 9 marks)
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Sample Assessment Material
© Edexcel Limited 2011
15
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
6 Electromagnetic waves called T-rays (short for tera-rays) are used in some airport
security scanners.
T-rays:
! pass through clothes
! bounce off the human body
! do not pass through or bounce off metal.
(a) Put a cross (!) in the appropriate box to indicate the correct ending for each
sentence.
(i)
T-rays are absorbed by
(1)
clothes
the human body
metal
(ii) T-rays are reflected by
(1)
clothes
the human body
metal
16
© Edexcel Limited 2011
Sample Assessment Material
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
(b) (i)
State the equation linking wave speed, frequency and wavelength.
(1)
(ii) T-rays have a wavelength of 3 × 10–4 m and travel at a speed of 3 × 108 m/s.
Calculate the frequency of T-rays.
State the correct unit in your answer.
(3)
Frequency = .................................................. Unit
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) The table shows data for some waves in the electromagnetic spectrum.
Type of wave
Radio waves
Microwaves
T-rays
Infrared waves
30 m
3 × 10–2 m
3 × 10–4 m
3 × 10–6 m
Typical wavelength
A student concludes:
!"#$%&'"#$(#"#$)"(%*+,*#"-.(&&)*-"(*)"-(/)"#,"0-)"1).(0-)"
23*(4-"$(5)"("6,&7"8(5)6)&7#$9
Evaluate the student’s conclusion.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 6 = 8 marks)
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Sample Assessment Material
© Edexcel Limited 2011
17
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
7 Radioactive materials emit different types of ionising radiation.
(a) Complete this table for ionising radiations.
Type of radiation
alpha
(3)
Nature of radiation
Charge
two neutrons and
two protons
beta
negative
an electromagnetic wave
zero
(b) A nucleus decays and emits an alpha particle.
State the result of this decay on the atomic (proton) number and mass (nucleon)
number of the nucleus.
(2)
atomic (proton) number
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
mass (nucleon) number
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
© Edexcel Limited 2011
Sample Assessment Material
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
(c) Describe how radioactivity can be used to estimate the age of archaeological
discoveries such as wooden boats and animal bones.
(4)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 7 = 9 marks)
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Sample Assessment Material
© Edexcel Limited 2011
19
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
8 A student is investigating the relationship between voltage and current.
(a) State the equation linking voltage, current and resistance.
(1)
(b) The meters show the current in a resistor and the voltage across it.
Current in mA
(i)
Voltage in V
Complete this table by recording the readings shown on the meters.
Give your values to an appropriate precision.
20
(1)
Current
in mA
0.20
0.60
1.01
1.14
1.81
2.22
Voltage
in V
1.0
3.0
5.0
7.0
9.0
11.0
© Edexcel Limited 2011
Sample Assessment Material
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
(ii) Use the data in the table to draw a graph of current against voltage.
(iii) Circle the anomalous point on the graph.
(iv) How did you decide that this point was anomalous?
(5)
(1)
(1)
. . . . . . . .. .................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .. .................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .. .................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Sample Assessment Material
© Edexcel Limited 2011
21
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
(v) Use your graph, or the table, to find the resistance of the resistor that the
student used.
(2)
Resistance = .................................................. Ω
(c) The student wants to investigate the effect of changing light intensity on a circuit.
The student sets up equipment outside in a garden for an experiment lasting 24 hours.
The student uses the circuit shown below.
A
X
V
(i)
Give the name of the component labelled X.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
© Edexcel Limited 2011
Sample Assessment Material
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
(ii) List the variables that the student should measure.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) Explain why the student might need help to take all the readings for this
investigation.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iv) The graph below shows some results of the student’s investigation.
Label both axes with appropriate quantities and units.
(2)
600
500
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
400
300
200
100
0
0.00
6.00
12.00
18.00
24.00
........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................
(Total for Question 8 = 18 marks)
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Sample Assessment Material
© Edexcel Limited 2011
23
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
9 Energy can be transferred by radiation, conduction or convection.
(a) Compare the processes of transferring energy by conduction and transferring
energy by convection.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Convection was used in the past to ensure that miners who worked underground
had a fresh air supply to breathe.
The diagram shows a mine. A fire has been lit in a furnace at the bottom of one
shaft.
furnace
(i)
Explain how lighting a fire in this way helped to keep a supply of fresh air
moving through the mine.
You may draw on the diagram above to help illustrate your answer.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
© Edexcel Limited 2011
Sample Assessment Material
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
(ii) In an earlier system, the fire was lit at the surface of the mine.
chimney
fire in a furnace
This system was less effective at keeping fresh air moving through the mine.
Suggest why.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 9 = 8 marks)
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Sample Assessment Material
© Edexcel Limited 2011
25
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
10 A student compares two electric lamps.
The lamps have the same brightness.
Type of lamp
Electrical energy
transferred
in J/s
Useful light energy
emitted
in J/s
filament lamp
energy-saving lamp
100
20
5
5
(a) Both lamps waste energy.
(i)
How much energy does the filament lamp waste each second?
...........................................................
(ii) Describe what happens to the energy wasted by the filament lamp.
(1)
J
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
© Edexcel Limited 2011
Sample Assessment Material
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
(b) (i)
Calculate the efficiency of the energy-saving lamp.
Efficiency =
(2)
..............................................................
(ii) Sketch a labelled Sankey diagram to show the energy transfers in the energysaving lamp.
(3)
(c) The lamps in the student’s house are connected in parallel.
State two benefits of connecting lamps in parallel.
(2)
1 . . . . . . ......................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . . . . . ......................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 10 = 10 marks)
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Sample Assessment Material
© Edexcel Limited 2011
27
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
11 A student investigates electromagnetic effects.
(a) Firstly, he tests this circuit.
magnet
switch
two horizontally
clamped copper rods
thick
copper
wire
battery
When he presses the switch, the thick copper wire rolls along the clamped
copper rods, away from the magnet.
(i)
Explain why this happens.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) On the diagram, draw an arrow to show the direction of the current in the
circuit when the switch is pressed.
(iii) State two changes the student could make so that the copper wire moved
away more quickly when he pressed the switch.
(1)
(2)
1 . . . . . . ......................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
© Edexcel Limited 2011
Sample Assessment Material
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
(b) The student investigates another effect using a coil of wire, a sensitive meter and a
magnet.
motion
meter
When he moves the magnet towards the coil, the meter gives a reading to the
right.
(i)
What is the name of this effect?
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) State two changes the student could make so that the meter gives a larger
reading to the right.
(2)
1 . . . . . . ......................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) How could the student make the meter give a reading to the left?
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 11 = 10 marks)
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Sample Assessment Material
© Edexcel Limited 2011
29
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
12 The human eye contains liquid.
The liquid exerts a pressure on the inside of the eye.
This pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure from the air on the outside of the
eye.
(a) Explain, in terms of molecular motion, how the air exerts a pressure on the outside
of the eye.
(4)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
© Edexcel Limited 2011
Sample Assessment Material
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
(b) A doctor uses a tonometer to measure the excess pressure (how much higher the
pressure is than atmospheric pressure) of the liquid in the eye.
The tonometer pushes on the person’s eye with a very small force.
tonometer
eye
direction
of small
force
The tonometer pushes on the eye with a force of 0.015 N.
The tonometer touches an area of 7.35 × 10–6 m2.
Show that the pressure that the tonometer exerts is about 2 kPa.
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Sample Assessment Material
(3)
© Edexcel Limited 2011
31
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
(c) Doctors think that a healthy excess pressure in the eye is ‘about 15 mm Hg’.
This equals the pressure difference produced by a 0.015 m column of mercury.
The density of mercury is 13 600 kg/m3.
Explain whether or not the excess pressure of 2 kPa in part (b) is healthy for the
eye.
Use a suitable calculation to support your answer.
(5)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 12 = 12 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 120 MARKS
32
© Edexcel Limited 2011
Sample Assessment Material
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
shape of orbit
An explanation linking the following:
! the comet travels faster when it is nearer the Sun / the comet
is travelling at 2!r/T
! (because) the gravitation attraction from the Sun is stronger
when the comet is close / the force of gravity from the Sun is
stronger when the comet is closer
(d)
ACCEPT a reasonable alternative
ACCEPT period of orbit
1
C
(iv)
(c)
1
B
(iii)
Sample Assessment Material
Total: 8
2
1
1
1
B
(ii)
both orbit Sun
1
Marks
C
Notes
(i)
Answer
(b)
1 (a)
Question
number
Paper 1P
Sample Mark Scheme
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
© Edexcel Limited 2011
33
34
© Edexcel Limited 2011
Sample Assessment Material
straight line
through the origin
the force she needs is the weight of the masses
and ! = "#$
OR
convert mass to kg
multiply by #$
(c)
(d)
wear eye protection
(as there is a) risk of spring 'flying back' into face
OR
care against tipping over / clamp the stand (with a G clamp)
(as there is a) risk of falling onto feet /sending spring flying
OR
protection on floor/desk / use as low a height as possible
(as there is a) risk of damage to feet
An explanation linking five of the following:
! check each mass on scales/balance
! use a ruler marked in mm / smaller division
! fix ruler in clamp (next to the spring), with the zero next to
start of the spring
! check the ruler is vertical with a suitable device eg set square
! attach marker/pin to top/bottom of spring
! measure at eye level to avoid parallax
Answer
(b)
2 (a)
Question
number
REJECT “multiply by 10” unless it is
clear that this is #$
Reason given must match the
precaution
Precaution must be relevant to the
experiment
Notes
Total: 10
2
2
1
max 5
Marks
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
(ii)
A description including three from:
! starts with constant speed
! slows down
! speeds up again
! correct ref to slope
! correct ref to coordinates
51500 " 6800 = 7.57 (m/s)
total distance (51 500) and total time (6800) seen
(b)
(i)
Any two forces correctly shown on diagram from:
! drag
! gravity
! upthrust
Answer
3 (a)
Question
number
ACCEPT 7.6 (m/s)
Each force arrow must be in the
correct direction
Notes
Total: 7
max 3
2
max 2
Marks
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
Sample Assessment Material
© Edexcel Limited 2011
35
36
© Edexcel Limited 2011
(d)
(c)
(b)
4 (a)
Sample Assessment Material
ACCEPT 2.99 kW / 3000 W / 3 kW
Unit mark independent of answer
answer = 2990
unit (W or J/s)
statement of P = IV or 13 × 230 seen
Total: 11
3
max 2
An explanation linking two of the following:
! term double insulation (applied to plug, cable or appliance)
! idea that insulation stops current / does not conduct
! idea that electric shocks are currents
! idea of a second insulation layer in case the first fails
(ii)
2
max 2
Marks
max 2
ALLOW:
turn socket off
keep metal objects away from pins
Notes
A description including two from:
! large current in earth wire / charge flows to earth
! large current in fuse
! fuse melts / blows / breaks circuit
! stopping electrocution
a.c. – electron/current motion reverses (regularly)
d.c. – electrons/current motion only in one direction
Any two of:
! beware of frayed cable
! beware of damaged plug
! beware of water
Answer
(i)
Question
number
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
(iii)
(ii)
(transferred to) thermal (heat) energy in the surroundings
ACCEPT sound
ALLOW 1 mark if 0.25g used, giving
12.5J
answer = 0.0125 (J)
(transferred to) kinetic energy (of the seed)
ecf on equation in (i)
if left blank, can credit correct
statement of equation seen in (ii)
Notes
substitution (0.00025 × 10 × 5)
GPE = m × g × h
(c)
(i)
A description including:
! method of measuring mass e.g. scales / balance
! with EITHER idea of #% OR idea of repeated readings
An explanation linking the following:
! improves accuracy / reduces % uncertainty
! (because) allows longer time measurement / reduces impact of
reaction time
Answer
(b)
5 (a)
Question
number
Sample Assessment Material
Total: 9
2
2
1
2
2
Marks
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
© Edexcel Limited 2011
37
38
(b)
6 (a)
© Edexcel Limited 2011
(iii)
Sample Assessment Material
Agreement with the conclusion:
! T-rays do not penetrate the human body
! (because) T-rays are reflected / bounce off
Disagreement with the conclusion:
! T-rays have shorter wavelength / higher frequency / more
energy (than radio / microwave) or appropriate correct
reference to wavelengths
! (likely to) cause increase of named detrimental effect (e.g. skin
burns)
OR
An explanation linking the following:
unit = Hz / s-1
NB there is no mark for stating
agreement / disagreement with the
conclusion
Total: 8
2
3
rearrangement / substitution : f = 3 × 108 ÷ 3 × 10-4
(ii)
Unit mark independent of answer
1
& = '$(
(i)
answer = 1 x 1012
1
the human body
1
Marks
(ii)
if left blank, can credit correct
statement of equation seen in (ii)
ecf for omitted equation in (i)
Notes
metal
Answer
(i)
Question
number
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
(c)
(b)
7 (a)
Question
number
electron / e
Nature of
radiation
positive
Charge
A description including any four from:
! (living things contain) carbon (14)
! C14 is a radioactive isotope / beta emitter
! (radio)activity decreases (over time)
! (estimate) half-lives (since material was alive)
! compare activity (of sample now with living tissue) / ratio of
C14 to C12 is fixed in living material
mass number: decreases by four
atomic number: decreases by two
gamma / #
Type of
radiation
Answer
ACCEPT +ve / 2+ / +2
Notes
Sample Assessment Material
Total: 9
max 4
2
3
Marks
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
© Edexcel Limited 2011
39
40
(b)
8 (a)
2.62 and 13.0
suitable scale chosen (>50% of grid used) ;
line of best fit acceptable ;
axes labelled with scales and units ;
plotting to nearest half square (minus one for each error) ;;
1.14, 7.0 identified / circled
does not fit with the pattern of the others / well away from the line
conversion of reading from graph from mA to A
answer = 4950 ± 50 ($)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
voltage = current × resistance
Answer
(i)
Question
number
© Edexcel Limited 2011
4.95 (± 0.05) scores 2nd mark only
4.95 (± 0.05) k! scores both marks
deduct 1 mark for each incorrect plot
NOT 13.00
ACCEPT V = IR or rearrangement
Notes
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
Marks
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
Sample Assessment Material
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
(c)
light dependent resistor
time
voltage and current
An explanation linking two of the following:
! difficulty in taking readings over long time
! difficulty in taking two or more readings simultaneously
! appropriate named simultaneous readings (e.g. time and
resistance; voltage and current; time, voltage and current)
! idea that second person / datalogger could assist with above
resistance in ohms
time in hours / time of day / clock time
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
both quantities but no units – 1 mark,
both units but no quantities – 1 mark
ACCEPT “time of day” for time
ACCEPT resistance
ACCEPT LDR
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Total: 18
2
max 2
2
1
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
Sample Assessment Material
© Edexcel Limited 2011
41
42
© Edexcel Limited 2011
(b)
9 (a)
heated air only rises from surface
(ii)
air in shaft only 'drawn up', not rising itself
OR convection currents are not set up as efficiently
A explanation linking the following:
! heated air expands / becomes less dense
! (therefore) rises (up the shaft)
! (this) sets up convection current so fresh air moves down other
shaft
CONVECTION:
! particles able to move
! transfer the energy by their movement / kinetic energy
CONDUCTION:
! from particle to particle
! by collision
Any three from:
Answer
(i)
Question
number
Notes
Sample Assessment Material
Total: 8
2
3
max 3
Marks
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
(c)
(b)
10 (a)
(ii)
failure of one allows others to continue working
independent control
at least 2 correct labels
widths of arrows in proportion
recognisable Sankey diagram
answer = 0.25
equation / substitution of values = 5 ÷ 20
A description including two from:
! converted / transformed
! into thermal energy
! dissipated to surroundings
(ii)
(i)
95 (J)
Answer
(i)
Question
number
ALLOW reverse arguments based on
problems with series connection
Points in either order, and could be
explained with a diagram
ALLOW 25 %
ALLOW heat for thermal energy
Notes
Sample Assessment Material
Total: 10
2
3
2
max 2
1
Marks
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
© Edexcel Limited 2011
43
11
44
© Edexcel Limited 2011
(b)
(a)
Any two from:
! stronger magnet
! more turns (on coil)
! move faster (towards coil)
! lower resistance wire
move magnet away from coil / turn the magnet round / reverse
connections on the meter
(ii)
(iii)
Any two from:
! higher current / higher voltage
! lower resistance wires
! stronger magnet
(iii)
electromagnetic induction
arrow indicating anticlockwise direction somewhere in or near the
electric circuit
(ii)
(i)
An explanation linking three of the following:
! current in the (thick) copper wire
! sets up a magnetic field (around it)
! which interacts (OWTTE) with the field of the magnet
! there is a force on the wire
Answer
(i)
Question
number
NOT bigger magnet
NOT more coils
ALLOW generator effect
NOT bigger magnet
Notes
Sample Assessment Material
Total: 10
1
max 2
1
max 2
1
max 3
Marks
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
(c)
(b)
12 (a)
Question
number
An explanation linking the following:
! uses formula : P = h%g
! conversion of 15mm into m i.e. 0.015 m
! substitution : 0.015 $ 13600 $ 10
! answer = 2040 Pa
! appropriate comment about pressure being healthy
conversion to 2 kPa
answer = 2041 Pa
equation (pressure = force ÷ area) / substitution = 0.015 ÷ 7.35 $ 10-6
An explanation linking four of the following:
! random motion (or air molecules)
! (create( impact(s) on outside of eye
! (particle’s) momentum/direction changes
! (therefore) force produced
! on the area outside (the eye)
! reference to pressure = force/area
Answer
ACCEPT similar reverse argument:
! uses formula : P = h%g
! substitution : 2000 = h $ 13600 $
10
! answer : h = 0.0147 m
! conversion of answer to mm i.e.
14.7 mm
! appropriate comment about
pressure being healthy
Notes
Sample Assessment Material
Total: 12
5
3
max 4
Marks
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
© Edexcel Limited 2011
45
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
46
© Edexcel Limited 2011
Sample Assessment Material
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
Write your name here
Surname
Other names
Edexcel
International GCSE
Centre Number
Candidate Number
Physics
Paper: 2P
Sample Assessment Material
Time: 1 hour
Paper Reference
4PH0/2P
You must have:
Ruler, protractor, calculator
Total Marks
Instructions
black ink or ball-point pen.
t Use
in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
t Fill
centre number and candidate number.
all questions.
t Answer
the questions in the spaces provided
t Answer
– there may be more space than you need.
t Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
Information
total mark for this paper is 60.
t The
marks for each question are shown in brackets
t The
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
t Keep
on the time.
t Write anyoureyeanswers
and in good English.
t Try to answer everyneatly
t Check your answersquestion.
if you have time at the end.
t
S41643A
©2012 Pearson Education Ltd.
*S41643A0114*
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Sample Assessment Material
Turn over
© Edexcel Limited 2011
47
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
EQUATIONS
You may find the following equations useful.
energy transferred = current × voltage × time
E=I×V×t
pressure × volume = constant
p1 × V 1 = p 2 × V 2
pressure
= constant
kelvin temperature
p1 p2
=
T1 T2
frequency =
1
time period
f =
1
T
power =
work done
time taken
P=
W
t
power =
energy transferred
time taken
P=
W
t
v=
2 ×π × r
T
orbital speed =
2π × orbital radius
time period
Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.
48
© Edexcel Limited 2011
Sample Assessment Material
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
Answer ALL questions.
1 The bar chart shows the energy sources used by a country.
45
40
35
Percentage of
energy (%)
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
coal
oil
gas
nuclear
wind
solar
tidal
Energy source
(a) Give the name of one of the renewable energy sources shown in the chart.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Give the name of one of the fossil fuels shown in the chart.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) Calculate the total percentage of energy supplied by all the fossil fuels shown in
the chart.
(1)
Percentage supplied = ..................................... %
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Sample Assessment Material
© Edexcel Limited 2011
49
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
(d) Describe the advantages and the disadvantages of using fossil fuels as energy
sources.
(5)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 1 = 8 marks)
50
© Edexcel Limited 2011
Sample Assessment Material
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
2 A student investigates how well three different materials conduct heat.
She places some ice on the material she is testing and measures the time taken for
the ice to melt.
She carries out the test three times for each material and calculates the average time.
ice
metal
(a) (i)
State two variables that the student should keep the same throughout her
investigation.
(2)
1 . . . . . . ......................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . . . . . ......................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Why is it important that she keeps these variables the same?
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) The student collects the results shown in the table.
1st test
2nd test
3rd test
Average
time for ice
to melt in s
wood
338
325
303
322
plastic
372
770
388
510
metal
93
83
88
88
Material
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Time for ice to melt in s
Sample Assessment Material
© Edexcel Limited 2011
51
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
(i)
Give a reason why she tests each material more than once.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) The time of 770s for plastic is an anomalous result.
Suggest how the student should deal with this.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) Describe how the arrangement and motion of the particles in the ice change as
the ice melts.
You may draw diagrams to help your description.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 2 = 9 marks)
52
© Edexcel Limited 2011
Sample Assessment Material
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
3 In some countries, drivers and passengers in cars are required by law to wear seat
belts.
Seat belts are designed to reduce the risk of injury during a collision.
(a) Use ideas about momentum to explain how seat belts reduce the risk of injury
during a collision.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Some people disagree with laws making the wearing of seat belts compulsory.
They agree that wearing seat belts reduces the risk of injury to people in the car.
However they say that the risk to other road users might be increased.
Suggest why it would be difficult to collect evidence to test this idea.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 3 = 5 marks)
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Sample Assessment Material
© Edexcel Limited 2011
53
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
4 A student investigates total internal reflection of light inside semicircular blocks.
The photograph shows the path followed by a ray of light in a plastic block.
(a) The student draws this diagram of the apparatus.
plastic block
normal
(i)
On the diagram, mark and name the two angles that the student should
measure.
(ii) Describe how the student should measure and record the angles.
(2)
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
54
© Edexcel Limited 2011
Sample Assessment Material
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
(iii) State how these two angles are related.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) The student repeats the experiment with a glass block instead of the plastic one.
The light emerges from the block in a different place.
42º
glass block
normal
(i)
What name is given to the angle marked 42º in the diagram?
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Calculate the refractive index of the glass.
(sin 42º = 0.6691)
(3)
Refractive index = .........................................................................
(Total for Question 4 = 10 marks)
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Sample Assessment Material
© Edexcel Limited 2011
55
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
5 A student rubs a plastic rod with a cloth.
(a) (i)
The plastic rod gains a negative charge.
Explain why.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Describe experiments the student could do to show that there are two types
of electric charge.
(4)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) The teacher uses a Van de Graaff generator to give another student a negative
charge.
Use ideas about electric charge to explain why the student’s hair stands on end.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 5 = 9 marks)
56
© Edexcel Limited 2011
Sample Assessment Material
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
6 Astra is a communication satellite in orbit around the Earth.
(Courtesy of NASA)
(a) The satellite sends a digital signal.
State two advantages of sending a digital signal instead of an analogue signal.
(2)
1 . . . . . . ......................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . . . . . ......................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) The signal is sent using microwaves. Microwaves are transverse waves.
Describe the difference between transverse waves and longitudinal waves.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Sample Assessment Material
© Edexcel Limited 2011
57
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
(c) Astra’s orbital speed is 3054 m/s and the radius of its orbit is 42000 km.
(i) Calculate the time it takes for Astra to orbit the Earth once.
State an appropriate unit.
(3)
time = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Use your answer to (i) to suggest why Astra follows this particular orbit.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 6 = 10 marks)
58
© Edexcel Limited 2011
Sample Assessment Material
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
7 The diagram shows a step-down transformer.
230 V
V
600 turns
6 turns
(a) On the diagram, label the primary coil and the secondary coil.
(b) (i)
(1)
State the equation linking the numbers of turns on each coil and the voltages
across each coil.
(ii) Calculate the voltage across the secondary coil.
(1)
(2)
Secondary voltage = ......................................................................... V
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Sample Assessment Material
© Edexcel Limited 2011
59
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
(c) Step-up transformers are used at power stations to provide high voltages for
electricity transmission.
Explain the advantage of transmitting electrical energy using high voltage cables.
(5)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 7 = 9 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS
60
© Edexcel Limited 2011
Sample Assessment Material
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
80 (%)
A description which includes some of the following:
(c)
(d)
Sample Assessment Material
Disadvantages:
! non-renewable/running out
! specific pollutant (e.g. CO2, SO2)
! correct consequence of specific pollutant (e.g. global warming,
acid rain)
Advantages:
! large amount of energy produced
! reliable source
! existing infrastructure/cost-effective
coal / oil / gas
wind / solar / tidal
Answer
(b)
1 (a)
Question
number
Paper 2P
Sample Mark Scheme
IGNORE ‘pollution’ unless qualified
max 3 marks for each of advantages
or disadvantages
If more than one answer given, all
must be correct to score mark
If more than one answer given, all
must be correct to score mark
Notes
Total: 8
max 5
1
1
1
Marks
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
© Edexcel Limited 2011
61
62
© Edexcel Limited 2011
(changing these variables) could also affect the time taken (for the
ice to melt)
(ii)
Sample Assessment Material
(c)
(ii)
A description including any three from:
! (close-packed) regular arrangement in ice
! (particles) vibrating in (fixed) position in ice
! increase in kinetic energy
! (close-packed) irregular arrangement in water
! (particles in) random motion in water
Any two from:
! ignore the anomalous result
! repeat the experiment / take a further reading for plastic
! then recalculate the average
to make it more reliable / to spot anomalous results
Any two from:
! area of material
! thickness of material
! amount / mass of ice
! surface area of ice
! starting temperature of ice
! room temperature
Answer
(i)
(b) (i)
2 (a)
Question
number
ACCEPT clear evidence from
diagrams given in support of written
answer
NOT “to calculate an average”
ACCEPT control (to make it a fair
test)
NOT just “fair test” unqualified
Notes
Total: 9
max 3
max 2
1
1
max 2
Marks
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
An explanation linking any three from:
! (seat belts) increase the time it takes (driver) to stop
! (and) momentum change in the stop is fixed
! reference to force = change in momentum/time
! so the force is reduced
! (and) smaller forces lead to less severe injuries
Any two suggestions from:
! need evidence from before and after law was in force
! need to collect large quantity of data
! cannot be sure that conditions remained the same
! there are many types of other road users
(b)
Answer
3 (a)
Question
number
NB answer must refer to momentum
to score 3
Notes
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Total: 5
max 2
max 3
Marks
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
Sample Assessment Material
© Edexcel Limited 2011
63
64
© Edexcel Limited 2011
(b)
4 (a)
(ii)
1
)
n
(n = 1.49)
calculation
1
)
0.6991
(n =
rearrangement
substitution / correct equation
(0.6991 =
angles are equal /same
(iii)
critical (angle)
A description including:
! mark position of rays and block (on paper)
! use a protractor (or similar) to measure angles
! tabulated results
(ii)
(i)
angle of incidence labelled
angle of reflection labelled
Answer
(i)
Question
number
IF any unit given, remove 1 mark
ACCEPT substitution and
rearrangement in either order
i=r
i
r
Notes
Sample Assessment Material
Total: 10
3
1
1
3
2
Marks
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
(b)
5 (a)
A description including:
! charge different materials/plastics/rods
! ‘suspend’ one rod (on thread/on watch glass etc)
! bring (ends of) rods together/close
! looking for attraction and repulsion to indicate two types of
charge
OR
! charge electroscope (with known charge)
! charge different materials/plastics/rods
! bring the rods to the electroscope
! looking for leaf rising and falling to indicate two types of
charge
(ii)
An explanation linking the following:
! movement of electrons (around the body)
! repel so spread out as much as possible
! force of repulsion enough to move hair
An explanation linking the following:
! transfer of electrons
! from cloth to rod
Answer
(i)
Question
number
Notes
Sample Assessment Material
Total: 9
3
4
2
Marks
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
© Edexcel Limited 2011
65
66
© Edexcel Limited 2011
(c)
(b)
6 (a)
Sample Assessment Material
(ii)
(i)
Question
number
so always same direction in sky / eq
(therefore this is) geostationary orbit
86400s = 1 day
seconds / s
86400 / 86410 / 86409
2%r
v
2 x % x 42 000 000
T &
3054
T &
longitudinal : vibration/oscillation is parallel to energy transfer
transverse : vibration/oscillation is at right angles/perpendicular to
energy transfer
Any two from:
! can be (easily) regenerated
! are less affected by noise
! can be (easily) encrypted / coded
! can (easily be made to) carry more information
Answer
unit (1)
answer (1)
rearrangement / substitution (1)
ALLOW 1 mark for correct matching
of both transverse to perpendicular
and longitudinal to parallel, if it is
unclear what parallel/right angles is
to
ACCEPT appropriate mention of
increasing frequency, extending
bandwidth or multiplexing in order
to carry more data
Notes
Total: 10
3
3
1
1
max 2
Marks
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
Edexcel International GCSE in Physics
(c)
(b)
7 (a)
(ii)
(i)
Question
number
Sample Assessment Material
and any one of :
! idea of heating effect (anywhere appropriate)
! idea of power losses
! mention of an appropriate energy transfer
An explanation linking any four from:
! idea of lower transmission current
! relating raised voltage lowered current
! idea of voltage drop
! idea of efficiency (anywhere appropriate)
! idea of costing (environmental / economic / social)
! can transmit energy / electricity further
! can use thinner cables
2.3 (V)
Vs
Vp
rearrangement / value
=
230
600
=
Vs
6
Ns
Np
substitution
correct equation or variant of
coils labelled correctly
Answer
use / mention of P = IV (once)
e.g. the current heats the
cables
NB use / mention must always be in
appropriate context
!
Acceptable alternatives:
! the current is less
! use / mention of VP IP = VS IS
! use / mention of V = IR
! use / mention of efficiency =
input " output e.g. less
energy " less pollution
! mention of National Grid
! use / mention of P = IV (once)
Notes
Total: 9
max 5
2
1
1
Marks
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
© Edexcel Limited 2011
67
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
!
www.LondonScienceTutors.com - Specialists in Science and Maths Education
Further copies of this publication are available from:
Edexcel Publications
Adamsway
Mansfield
Nottingham
NG18 4FN
Tel: 01623 467467
Fax: 01623 450481
Email: [email protected]
[email protected]
For more information on Edexcel and BTEC qualifications
please visit our website: www.edexcel.com
Pearson Education Limited. Registered in England and
Wales No. 872828
Registered Office: Edinburgh Gate, Harlow, Essex CM20 2JE
VAT Reg No GB 278 537121
Publication code UG030051