Sample Ecology Third MP test True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. ____ 1. Companies in the United States continue to manufacture and export chlorinated hydrocarbons, even though they are banned here. ____ 2. About one-half of Earth’s tropical rain forests have been destroyed. ____ 3. The human birth rate has remained about the same for the last 100 years. ____ 4. Coevolution is the back-and-forth evolutionary adjustments between the interacting members of an ecosystem. ____ 5. Warm air can hold more moisture than cold air can hold. ____ 6. Biomes characterized by high anual rainfall are located at low elevations.. ____ 7. The major difference between primary succession and secondary succession is that primary succession occurs before secondary succession. ____ 8. The study of demographics helps predict changes in the size and composition of a population. ____ 9. Mutations common causes of changes in allelic frequencies within a population. ____ 10. Natural selection acts on phenotypes, not genotypes. Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ ____ ____ 11. Which of the following is NOT an example of point source pollution? a. an oil spill from a tanker with a damaged hull b. arsenic and lead leaking out of a mine c. runoff of lawn chemicals from residential neighborhoods d. untreated sewage dumped from a cruise ship 12. Thermal pollution is harmful to an aquatic environment because a. water from generators is dirty c. oxygen dissolves better in colder water b. bacteria are discharged with the water d. cold water has more nutrients 13. What is comming out of the concrete stacks in the pictures? a. steam c. smoke ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ b. aeresolized nitrates d. radioactive waste 14. Ozone in the atmosphere a. leads to formation of acid precipitation. b. combines readily with water vapor. c. absorbs harmful radiation from the sun. d. All of the above 15. Refer to the table above. The table represents three types of a. competition. c. symbiosis. b. rhythmic patterns. d. secondary succession. 16. A functioning aquarium displays a. a community. c. an ecosystem. b. a habitat. d. All of the above 17. A relationship between a producer and consumer is best illustrated by a a. python eating an alligator c. lionness hunting a gazelle b. dog eating your garbage d. angus beef steer eating grass. 18. Refer to the illustration above. The photosynthetic algae are a. producers. c. parasites. b. consumers. d. decomposers. ____ 19. Refer to the illustration above. At each trophic level, the energy stored in the organisms in that level is a. about one-tenth of the energy in the level below it. b. about one-tenth of the energy in the level above it. c. 50 percent of the energy in the level below it. d. 100 percent of the energy in the level below it. Population Growth Over Time ____ 20. Refer to the illustration above. Which time period shows exponential growth of the population? a. period A c. period C b. period B d. period D Completion Complete each sentence or statement. 21. The people who study relationships between organisms and their environment are called______________. 22. An example of a community is _______________. 23. Living organisms that cannot make their own food and must eat other organisms are called _________________________. 24. One way that people at home can help return nutrients and organic matter to their soil is to start a ___________________ pile in which they place organic wastes to be broken down by bacteria and then spread upon the soil 25. Humans, whales and other long-lived mammals have offspring that require a great deal of parental care have a __________________________ reproductive strategy. 26. Bacteria in a flask and other r-selected species frequently have ____________ population growth to start with. 27. The maximum population that an environment can support is referred to as its ________________ ________________. 28. Consumers that occupy the third trophic level and therefore eat other animals are called ___________________ consumers. 29. Like Germany and Japan the ________________ _______________ is a country whose Ecological footprint exceeds its ecological capacity. 30. Scientists test predictions by examining ___________________ or reliable associations between two or more events. 31. The ____________________________ is the layer beneath the lithosphere. 32. In a ___________________ _____________ energy enters the environment but matter does not. 33. _________________________ are flowering plants taht produce seeds in fruit. 34. _________________________ is a method of providing plants with water from sources other than direct precipitation. 35. The process of removing salt from salt water is called ________________________. 36. The term ________________________ refers to the number and variety of species that live in an area. 37. One basic rule of economics is the __________ _________ _____________ ________ _______________, which states that the greater the demand for a limited supply of something, the more that thing is worth. 38. The small, fast-growing plants that are the first organisms to live in a habitat are called ____________________ ____________________. 39. Every time that energy is transferred in an ecosystem, potential energy is lost as ____________________. 40. The difference between the birth rate and death rate of a population is the ____________________ ____________________. Matching a. Clean water act b. Marine protection, research and sanctuaries act c. Safe drinking water act ____ d. Water Quality Act e. CERCLA 41. Set a national goal of making all surface water fit for fishing and swimming by 1983 ____ ____ ____ ____ 42. 43. 44. 45. Established loans to support water clean up and new wastewater treatment plants The Superfund ACT for cleanup of hazardous waste sites Introduced programs to protect groundwater and surface water from pollution Empowered the EPA to control the dumping of sewage, wastes and toxic chemicals Short Answer 46. In 2-3 sentences explain why buildings and parking lots are detrimental to an aquifers’ recharge zone. 47. Make a comparison chart (a tee chart) listing three advantages and three disadvantages of wind power. Problem 48. If placing a brick in your toilet tank reduces the amount of water per flush by 3 liters, how much water in liters would be saved each day if 10 million toilets got bricks and each toiled was flushed 5X a day? Essay The graph below depicts the growth of a population of fruit flies over time. 49. At what point would a density-dependent limiting factor have a greater impact on the population? Why?