Ring Around the World Ring around the world Taking hands together All across the temperate And the torrid weather. Past the royal palm-trees By the ocean sand Make a ring around the world Taking each other’s hand; In the valleys, on the hill, Over the prairie spaces, There’s a ring around the world Made of children’s friendly faces. Annette Wynne 20 Writing Lowercase Letters 21 Writing Lowercase Letters To write legibly in cursive, you must form and join lowercase letters correctly. The lessons in this unit will show you how. As you write, you will focus on shape, size, spacing, and slant to help make your writing legible. mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop a b c d e f mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop g h i j k l mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop m n o p q r mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop s t u v w x MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP y z Write the lowercase cursive alphabet. mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP Stop and Check 22 Circle your three best letters. Underline three letters you want to improve. Beginning Strokes The lowercase cursive letters are grouped by their beginning strokes. Undercurve Letters Trace undercurve strokes. MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP q q q q MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP Q Q Q Q Trace letters that begin with an undercurve. MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP i t u w e l b MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP h f k r s j p Downcurve Letters Trace downcurve strokes. MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP w w w w w w w w w w Trace letters that begin with a downcurve. c q MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP a d g o Overcurve Letters Trace overcurve strokes. MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP e e e e e e e e e e Trace letters that begin with an overcurve. MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP n m y x v z 23 Before you join one letter to another, look at the way the letter ends. Undercurve Ending ends with an undercurve. Look at the ways The letter i Joining i to: Undercurve Beginning l l Downcurve Beginning g g i may be joined to other letters. Write the joinings. mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop t o e y MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP Overcurve Beginning n n Overcurve Ending ends with an overcurve. Look at the ways The letter g Joining g to: Undercurve Beginning e e Downcurve Beginning a a g may be joined to other letters. Write the joinings. mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop y e i a MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP Overcurve Beginning n n Checkstroke Ending ends with a checkstroke. Look at the ways The letter b Joining b to: Undercurve Beginning e e Downcurve Beginning a a Overcurve Beginning y 24 y Write the joinings. b may be joined to other letters. mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop i y a a MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP Write Undercurve Letterss An undercurve begins each letter. Trace and write. i mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop i MNOPOP i i i i i i i mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop t t t t t t t t mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop t MNOPOP MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP The letters i and t end with an undercurve. Write the joinings and words. Undercurve-to-Undercurve Undercurve-to-Downcurve mnopopopopopopopopopopopop t w mnopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopop !e mnopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopop "#$ʦs MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP mnopopopopopopopopopopopop d 'a mnopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopop ()*+e mnopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopop ',-l MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP Undercurve-to-Overcurve mnopopopopopopopopopopopop n .y mnopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopop /01d mnopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopop 23$4y MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP Better L 56!78s Be careful not to loop back. Write: i not t not Use your best handwriting to write the letters again. MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP e Shap Circle three letters you wrote that have good shape. 25 Write Undercurve Letterss An undercurve begins each letter. Trace and write. u u mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop MNOPOP u u u u u u u mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop ww w w w w w w w mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop MNOPOP MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP u The letter ends with an undercurve. The letter Write the joinings and the words. w ends with a checkstroke. Undercurve-to-Downcurve Undercurve-to-Overcurve Checkstroke-to-Undercurve mnopopopopopopopopopopopop 9a 9g mnopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopop :;<=>e mnopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopop ?<e MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP mnopopopopopopopopopopopop @m@n mnopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopop BC)DEe mnopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopop FƣD1d MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP mnopopopopopopopopopopopop He /i mnopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopop HI*(Jt mnopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopop /*KMh MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP Better L 56!78s Be careful not to loop back. Write: u not w not Use your best handwriting to write the letters again. MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP 26 Stop and Check u w. Circle your best and your best An undercurve begins each letter. Trace and write. e e mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop MNOPOP e e e e e e e mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop l l l l l l l l l mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop MNOPOP MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP The letters e and l end with an undercurve. Write the joinings and words. Undercurve-to-Undercurve Undercurve-to-Downcurve mnopopopopopopopopopopopop Or Qs mnopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopop RS!7r mnopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopop e-U,-Vs MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP mnopopopopopopopopopopopop Wa Xo mnopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopop YZ[d mnopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopop Xg \n MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP Undercurve-to-Overcurve mnopopopopopopopopopopopop ]n ^y mnopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopop _`1d mnopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopop ;{|}~y MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP Better L 56!78s Keep your loops open. Write: e not l not Use your best handwriting to write the letters again. MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP Size Circle your best short letter and your best tall letter. 27 Write the words and the phrases. mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop `6|\s mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop >`n =St 0k mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop \π{!7r H!s mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop I60n =d ,πƣp mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop S0!7r ﬁ-e \)0e MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP Checkstroke Alert Join w and r at the midline. Write the joinings and the words. mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop Rr Rr Rr Rr Rr mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop RS!e RS#$t R,p MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP 28 Write a paragraph about what you see in the picture. Use words in the word bank. Be sure to leave space for margins. =d S0e `¡¢=d £\¤r £ƣ3¥e £ƣ3¥e ¦[d Fƣ§7r ¤d S0!7r ‫פ‬Z©ª78s mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop mnopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopopop MNOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOP My writing has good My writing has good My writing has good My writing has good e Shap . . ing c a p S . t Slan . Size T T T T 29 Keep a Poem in Your Pocket Keep a poem in your pocket And a picture in your head And you’ll never feel lonely At night when you’re in bed. The little poem will sing to you The little picture bring to you A dozen dreams to dance to you At night when you’re in bed. So— Keep a picture in your pocket And a poem in your head And you’ll never feel lonely At night when you’re in bed. Beatrice Schenk de Regniers 88 Using What You Have Learned 89 Make a Flow Chart A Flow Chart shows steps in a process. This chart shows how steel is made from iron ore. Use manuscript to write the steps in order in the Flow Chart. Make your writing fit the space. Irron Into Steel 4 Oxygen is mixed into the liquid iron. 90 1 7 Iron ore is The steel is mined out of made into cars, bridges, the earth. trains, and buildings. 6 The liquid steel cools and hardens into blocks. 3 At 3,000°F, the iron becomes liquid. 5 The iron and oxygen change into liquid steel. 2 The ore is put into a hot furnace. Write a News Story A news story is a factual report about a current event. It uses facts to tell about the event. A news story does not tell the writer’s opinion. Follow these steps for writing a news story. 1. Prewriting Start by thinking about a topic for your news story. Imagine that your readers will be the students in your class. Brainstorm topics to add to the list below. Write legibly so you can read your ideas later. stststststststststssttsttt }«¬Cl Z®m /0s a *g ®Ee stststststststststssttsttt }¯а±s ²#$¤8s stststststststststssttsttt ³Iw 6<+`t n }¯а±s stststststststststssttsttt }«¬Cl \´µ7St stststststststststssttsttt ³Iw }¯а±s ‫פ‬It stststststststststssttsttt }«¬Cl ·¯®y ƣ‫`פ‬s stststststststststssttsttt stststststststststssttsttt stststststststststssttsttt stststststststststssttsttt stststststststststssttsttt stststststststststssttsttt stststststststststssttsttt Look back at your list. Choose your topic. Write the subject of your news story below. stststststststststssttsttt stststststststststssttsttt stststststststststssttsttt 102 Answer the “5W’s and H” questions to plan your news story. stststststststststssttsttt W,t ,π‫`פ‬Zd? stststststststststssttsttt stststststststststssttsttt W½o аs ¾CZd? stststststststststssttsttt stststststststststssttsttt W‫`ה‬n K*d t ,π‫`פ‬n? stststststststststssttsttt stststststststststssttsttt W‫ה‬7>e K*d t ,π‫`פ‬n? stststststststststssttsttt stststststststststssttsttt WÀy K*d t ,π‫`פ‬n? stststststststststssttsttt stststststststststssttsttt Áƣw K*d t ,π‫`פ‬n? stststststststststssttsttt News stories start with the most important facts and end with the least important. List stststststststststssttsttt facts for your news story from most important to least important. ¸¹t º¤S®t stststststststststssttsttt stststststststststssttsttt stststststststststssttsttt stststststststststssttsttt stststststststststssttsttt stststststststststssttsttt L Wа$t º¤S®t stststststststststssttsttt stststststststststssttsttt stststststststststssttsttt stststststststststssttsttt stststststststststssttsttt103 Handwriting and the Writing Process Write a Paragraph A paragraph is a group of sentences about one subject. Use the steps below to write a paragraph about how to play your favorite game. 1. Prewriting Prewriting means gathering ideas and planning before you write. List your ideas on a piece of paper. Then plan your paragraph, telling the subject and in what order you will write your ideas. 2. Drafting Drafting means putting your thoughts into written sentences for the first time. Use the ideas you listed in Prewriting to draft your paragraph. Write your first draft. 3. Revising Revising means changing your writing to make it say exactly what you mean. Read your draft. Mark any changes you want to make. Does your writing include all the information readers want to know? Yes No Does your writing include descriptive details? Yes No 4. Editing Editing means checking your revised writing for errors in spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and handwriting. Are all words spelled correctly? Yes No Have you used uppercase letters and punctuation correctly? Yes No Do your letters have good shape and size? Yes No Is there good spacing between letters, words, and sentences? Yes No Does your writing have uniform slant? Yes No Is your writing easy to read? Yes No 5. Publishing Publishing means using your best handwriting to make an error-free copy of your writing. Share your writing. 110