April 20, 1937.
2,077,727
VF.,A_.‘ WARD .
GRINDING MACHINE
, Filed June 50,1950
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INVENTOR
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ATTORN EYS
April 20, 1937. ,
F’, A, WARD .
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GRINDING
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Filed June 50', 1930
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ATTORNEY s‘
April 20, 1937.
. F. A. WARD
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GRINDING MACHINE
Filed June 30,‘ 1930
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April 20, 1937. '_
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F_ A_ WARD
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GRINDING MAQHINE
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5 Sheets-Sheet 5
INVENTOR
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BY
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ATTORNEY 5
Patented APY- 20, 1937
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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE"
f 2,017,727
GRINDING MACHINE
Frederick A. Ward, Detroit, Mich., assignor to
The Gear Grinding Machine Company, Detroit,
_ Michaa corporation of Michigan
Application June 30, 1930, Serial No. 465,048
4 Claims. (Cl. 51-92)
The invention relates to the art of form grinding and has for its object the extension of this
general method to the grinding of articles of a
different character than those heretofore ‘OP5 erated upon.
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shank A but all of said axes intersect in a com
'mon point which is also in the axis of the shank
A. Thus as illustrated in Figure 4,‘D and D’ are
ball races of segmental cylindrical form, the axes
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of which intersect the common point E in the 5
In the present state 01 the art grinding mee
axis of the shank A. It will be noted, however,
chines have been devised in which a formed
that the races D on one side of each of the
grinding Wheel, is successively presented to a 59-
prongs C never assume coincident positions with
ries of surfaces in the work to be ?nished to a the races D' upon opposite sides of said prong,
10 corresponding form. Where these successive sur- \ and therefore it is impossible to successively place 10
faces are so arranged about a common axis of
the races D and D' in operative relation to a
rotation. that they may be brought into ooineiient positions, the work may be performed With-
grinder wheel by ‘a mere rotationabout a single
axis such as that of the shank A. It is, how
Ollt di?iclllty- For instance, in thegrinding of
15 a. gear each of the teeth‘ may be successively
ground to a predetermined form by indexing the
_
ever, possible to arrange the axis of the shank
A in such relation to the plane of a formed 15 _
grinder wheel that all of the races of one of the I
_ work and relatively reciprocating the same ' in
series D or D’ may be brought into the same re
‘relation to the grinding wheel. 4 On the other
lation to the grinder wheel by rotation about the
hand, where the surfaces to be ground are in
axis of the shank A.
20 dissimilar relations this method is not applicable.
Thus as illustrated in Fig
ures 4, 4A and 4B, the axis D2 E of the races D 20
‘
The present invention provides a means for lie in the plane of the rotation of the grinder
the grinding of articles having a series of sur- wheel F, so that a relative reciprocation of the
faces, all Of which can not be brought inte eeih- - work and the grinder wheel parallel to such axis
eldellt positions by rotation about a single axis, will cause the formed cross-sectional contour of
25 and the invention therefore consists in the novel the wheel to trace the race D. Each of the other 25
apparatus as hereinafter set forthraces D may be‘successively placed in the same
In the drawings:
position by a rotation of the shank A, but none
Figure 1 is a Plan View Of my improved me- of the races D’ can be so registered. If, how-'
Chine; ‘
ever, the axis of the shank A should be revolved
30 Figure 2 is an end elevation thereof :
around the point E into the dotted position A’, 30
Figure 3 is a side elevation;
then the race member D' will have its axis co
Figures 4, 4A, 4B are respectively a ‘plan view, incident with the axis D2 E .of the race member
side elevation and end elevation of a universal l) and will be in the same operative relation to
joint member which is a speci?c article that may
the grinder wheel F.
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35 be ground by my improved method;
.
In view of the geometrical relations just de- 35
Figure 5 is a cross section through the index- - scribed, it is evident that to form grind both se
ing mechanism;
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Figure 6 is a sectional side elevation of the
trimming mechanism and
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‘10 Flgure 7 Is an (‘enlarged crass ‘sectmn on line
7-1 of Figure 6-
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ries of races D,v D’, requires the rotation of the
work not only about the axis of the shank but
also about a transverse axis which passes through
the point of intersection of the axes of all of the 40
races and that of the shank.
.Wh?e my 1118mm“. means is afppucable to
I have therefore
devised a construction of grinding machine which
I
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igllgiegglioflizag?igsfgté?gségeggzeaflligzga’gaizi: permits of such adjustment and which. is of the
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following construction.
' 45 member of a universal joint which may be ?n
ished in this manner. This member has a shank‘
A at one end of which is a head B having a series
.
45
The frame of the machine G has supported
thereon the reciprocating carriage H which may
be driven by‘ any suitable aultgismatitlr1 mecaaiiism
(not shown). Adjacent to t
car age _ s an
50 ?gmilef yEach of thgpmigs has arrange; “poi upward extension I of the frame having slidably 50
of spaced prongs C for inter-engaging corre
n -n 1
formed
Ion s on
a
coo
mun
opposite sides thereof segmental cylindrical races
for receiving balls placed intermediate the prongs
and which constitute a pivotal and substantially
frictionless joint' therebetween. These races
'-55 have their axes non-parallel to the axis of the
secured thereto the Vertically movable cross head
J. The head J has bearings J’ for all arbor K
having-its axis extending perpendicular to the
axis of movement of the carriage H. ‘on this Cl mi
arbor is a grinding wheel L which is suitably ,
2
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2,077,727
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fashioned by the operation of a trimmer as here
inafter described/
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clamped in different positions of adjustment by the
set screw Q‘. Thus the adjustment of the mem
her Q5 will determine the radial distance of the
Work holder _
Upon the carriage H is mounted a work holder
trimmer point from the axis of the shaft Q‘. To
M which is adapted to receive the shank A of the
correctly position this axis of the shaft‘ so as to
operative relation to the grinding wheel.
member to be ground, there is provided adjust
ments for the head Qz vertically and transversely.
The vertical adjustment is secured by mounting
universal joint'member and to hold the same in ' 'align the same with the correct axis of the race
This
work holder M comprises a member N which is
10 pivotally mounted upon the carriage H so as to
becapable of a considerable angular-adjustment
about the axis of its pivot which is perpendicular
to the plane of movementof the carriage. The
member N has mounted thereon the upwardly
15 extending housing 0 in which the work holder
M is journaled concentric with the axis of the
shank A. The housing 0 also contains an index
mechanism by which the holder M may be rotated
to predetermined positions as hereinafter de
scribed.
With the construction as thus. far described it
will be understood that the axis of the work holder
M and 'of the shank A engaging the same lies in a
horizontal plane and that it may be adjusted in
this plane from the angular position shown in full
lines in Figure 1 to the position indicated in dotted
lines in the same ?gure.
The amount of such
the head Q on an inclined base Q” to which it is 10
adjustably clamped by headed boltsQli engaging
a longitudinal slot in said base. Adjusting screws
Q’ are arranged at opposite ends of the base Q
to engage the head Q2 and to move the same either
upward or downward on the inclined base. Dur 15
ing this movement the head Q2 is held from any
transverse movement by tongue or key members
Q1n thereon ?ttingsthe longitudinal slot in the
base Q". Thus the effect of adjusting the head
Q2 up or down the incline :is to raise or lower the 20
axis of the shaft Q’.
.
To adjust the axis of the shaft Q’ transversely
the base member Q’1 is mounted‘on the sub-base
member Q11 and is provided with a tongue or key
portion Q" ?tting the transverse slot in said mem 25
ber Q11. Adjusting screws Q13 engaging the
threaded bearings in upwardly extending ears Q14
on the sub-base Q11 serve to move the base Q7
laterally and headed clamping screws Q15 secure
angular movement and the exact terminal posi
tions thereof is determined by stops P and P’
30 shown as adjustable screws and thus the axis of
- the members Q7 ‘and Q11 in ?xed relation after
the holder M may be set at an exactly predeter
adjustment. Thus the axis of the shaft Q’ may
mined angle to the plane of the grinding wheel in be
adjusted vertically and transversely into an
both of said positions. It will be further under
exactly
predetermined position and the movement
stood that the axis of the holder M lies in a of the table H will carry the trimmerto the posi
35 horizontal plane in all positions of adjustment and
tion where the trimming point is in the vertical
that each of the axes of the races may be adjusted plane of the arbor K. In this position a rocking
to lie in this same horizontal plane. Consequently of the shaft Q’ by ahandle Q16 will move the
the reciprocating movement of the table H will trimmer point in an arc concentric with the axis
move the head B of the universal joint past the of the shaft and of exactly predetermined radius,
40 grinding wheel with one of the race members in thereby fashioning th grinding wheel L to corre
40
position to be ground by said wheel while passing sponding form.
the same. Through the index mechanism to be
hereinafter described, the head M maybe rota~
Index mechanism
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tively adjusted to bring the race members suc
The work holder M is a rotary member jour
45 cessively into operative relation to the grinding naled
in bearings in the housing 0 and provided
wheel until the entire series is ground, after which with a socket for receiving the shank A of the
by adjusting the member N into the dotted posi-. work. Mounted on the member M within the
tion, all of the races D’ may be in a similar manner housing 0 is an index disk M’v having notches M1
successively ground.
in the periphery thereof. These notches are en
50
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Trimming mechanism
gaged by a tapering detent M3 on a rockable dog
within the housing and a spring
The accuracy of the work performed depends M4 pivoted
plunger Mls operates to yieldably hold the
upon the exact location of the form grinding wheel pressed
detent in engagement'with the notch. Adjacent
in relation to the path of the work. This exact lo
55 cation is obtained ?rst by the setting of the wheel and secured to the index disk M’ is a ratchet
and arbor and second, by the forming of the wheel wheel M‘ provided with notches M‘! corresponding 55
through operation of the trimming mechanism. in number to the notches M’. M' is a sleeve ro
This trimming mechanism Q is mounted on one tatable upon the member M and extending out
end of the table H so that periodically it may be through the bearing in the housing 0. This
60 carried by said table into operative relation with sleeve has within the housing a cam portion M9
the grinding wheel. The essential features are which is adapted to engage with a roller M1‘J on 60
?rst, that the trimmer in fashioning the cross the dog M4 to lift the detent M8 out of engagement
sectional contour of the grinder should rotate with the notch M1._ The cam M‘ also carries a
_ about the exact axis of the race when in grinding pawl M1? which is engageable with one of the
65 position; second, that the trimming point should notches M‘! of the ratchet wheel Ma and in the
be an exactly predetermined radial length from return rotation of the sleeve M8 will move said 65
this axis. The trimmer comprises a shaft Q’ ~ ratchet wheel and the index disk M’ until the de
which is journaled in bearings in a head Q2 with tent M=i engages another notch M3. The sleeve
its axis horizontal and parallel to the direction M6 is actuated by a handle M‘2 on the outside
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70' of movement of the carriage H. The forward end of the casing O.
of the shaft Q'lis provided with a tapering socket
to receive the correspondingly tapered end of the
trimmer tool Q3. This tool has an oil-set portion
Q4 provided with a radial aperture receiving the
75 trimmer point holding member Q5 which is
Complete operation
In the complete operation or the machine the
work holder and trimming mechanism being ?rst
suitably adjusted, the ‘operator ?rst trims the
grinding wheel L by moving the carriage H to 75
3
bring the trimmer point into the vertical plane
of the axis of the arbor K. The arbor may then
be adjusted downward to bring the grinding wheel
L into operative relation to the trimmer which ‘
mounted on said member eccentric to said verti
cal axis with its axis of rotation in a plane par
allel to the plane of 'said table, the angular ad
justment being through an arc of greater than‘
fashions the cross section of the wheel .to the
exact 'arc of the races D and D’. One of the uni
ninetydegrees (90°) to present opposite portions
of the work in said work holder to operative
engagement with the tool, an index mechanism
cooperating. with said rotary work holder, and
means for limiting the angular adjustment of
versal joints having its shankengaged with the
work holder M, the carriage H is reciprocated to
move the head B past the grinder wheel, there
by grinding one of the raceways in one of the
prongs C. If the amount of stock to be removed
in ?nishing this raceway is more than can be ac
complished by one reciprocation of the grinder,
said member to arrange the axis of said rotary 10
work holder at the two extremes of its adjust
ment at equal and opposite angles to the direc-,
tion of relative reciprocation of said grinding
the arbor K can ?rst be raised and then fed
downward after each reciprocation until the ?n
ish position is attained. The adjustment of the
arbor is accomplished by a hand wheel R which
through the medium of suitable gearing (not
shown) rotates the, feed screw R.’ to raise or lower
20 the head J upon the frame extension I.
wheel and table.
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3.. A grinding machine comprising a frame, a 15
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carriage mounted for reciprocation thereon, a
formed grinding wheel mounted on said frame
with its plane of rotation parallel to the direction
of reciprocation, of said carriage, the cross sec
tional contour oi-said grinding wheel being arcu
ate, a member mounted on said ‘carriage to be
After the completion of the grinding of the angularly adjustable about a vertical axis at'the
raceways the work is adjusted through the index central portion of the carriage, a rotary work
mechanism operated by the handle M12 to bring holder mounted on said member eccentric to said
another raceway into operative relation to the vertical axis with its axis of rotation in a plane
25 grinding wheel and these operations are repeated parallel to the plane, of said carriage and pass
‘until all of the raceways D have been ground.‘ ing through the center of the arcuate cross sec
The operator then adjusts the work holderby tion of said grinding wheel, the angular adjust
swinging the member N upon the vertical pivot N’ ment being through an arc of greater than ninety
to assume the position shown in dotted lines in ‘degrees (90°) to present opposite portions of the :
30 Figures 1 and 4. It is then clamped by the clamp
work in said work holder to operative engage
ing screw N2 to prevent accidental displacement ment with the tool, and an index mechanism
and the grinding is repeated with reference to cooperating with said rotary work holder.
the raceways D’. , Thus in the ?nished product
all of these raceways will be cylindrical segments
35 of an exactly predetermined radius, the axes of
all of which will intersect in a common point E,
also lying in the axis of the shank A.
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4. A grinding machine comprising a frame, a
carriage mounted for reciprocation thereon, a :1' Li
formed grindingwheel-mounted on said wheel
with its plane of rotation .parallel to the direction’
‘of reciprocation of said carriage, a cross sectional
ber mounted on said table to be angularly adjust
able thereonv about a vertical axis at the central
contour on said grinder wheel being arcuate, a
member mounted on said carriage to be angularly 40
adjustable about a vertical axis lying in the same
plane of reciprocation as the center of arcuate
cross section of said grinding wheel, a rotary work
holder mounted upon said member with its axis
portion of the table, means forrlimiting the angu
of rotation intersecting said vertical. axis and lo
What I claim as my invention is:
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1. A grinding machine comprising a frame,
40 a grinding wheel and a table mounted on said
' frame in relatively reciprocating relation, a mem
45 lar adjustment of ‘said member, a work holder
rotatively mounted upon said member eccentric
45
cated in a plane parallel to the plane of move
'ment of said carriage, the angular adjustment
in a - being through .an arc of greater than ninety de
to said vertical axis with its axis of rotation
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plane parallel to the plane of said table, the an
gular adjustment being‘ through an arc greater‘
50 than ninety degrees (90°) to present opposite por
tions of the work in said work holder to operative
engagement with the tool, and an index mecha
grees (90°) to present opposite portions of the
work in said work holder to operative engage 50
ment with the tool, index mechanism vfor said
rotary work holder, and means for limiting the
angular adjustment about said vertical axis of
nism cooperating with said rotary work holder,
said member mounted on the carriage, so' that
the angle of the axis of said work holder to the 55
2. A grinding machine comprising a‘ frame,-a'
- grinding wheel and a table mounted on said direction of reciprocation at one limit is equal
frame in relatively reciprocating relation, a mem- - and opposite to that at the other limit.
to be angularly ad
'ber mounted on said table
justable thereon about a vertical axis at the cen
tral portion of the table, a rotary workholder _
FREDERICK A. WARD.