1. pets
2. large animals

The Rock Art of Nämforsen, Sweden
The survey 2001-2003
By
Thomas B Larsson & Sven-Gunnar Broström
UMARK 62, 2011
ISSN 1401-5986
Department of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studies, Umeå University,
SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
About the authors
Thomas B Larsson is professor of archaeology at Umeå University, Sweden. He has mainly carried out
research on the European and South Scandinavian Bronze Age, but during the last decade his focus
has shifted towards the Stone Age of Northern Fennoscandia. Rock art, dwellings, pitfall traps, moose
hunting and climate change during the Late Stone Age are currently his favored research topics.
Sven-Gunnar Broström is honorary doctor at the Faculty of Humanities, Umeå University, Sweden. He
has surveyed and documented rock art in Sweden during the last 50 years, and he is one of the most
experienced field workers in Sweden when it comes to rock art. Together with colleagues he has
found more than 20% of the known rock carvings in south and middle Sweden.
Cover: Rock art panel from Laxön in Nämforsen (Plate XII, D:16a, according to Hallström’s description). Rock art
images presented in black were documented by Hallström (1960), while red images represent additional figures
recorded at the new documentation of Nämforsen by Broström & Larsson in 2001-2003.
Contents
Introduction and background
3
Hallström’s map over the carving area at Nämforsen (1960)
4
Presentation of the rock art panels
Main Group I. Laxön
The new documentation of Main Group I
Main Group II. Notön
The new documentation of Main Group II
Main Group III. Brådön
The new documentation of Main Group III
5
6
7
42
43
89
90
Summary
109
Selected photos from the documentation
111
References
114
Map of Sweden and the location of Nämforsen, County of Västernorrland, Sweden.
2
Introduction
In the following report we present the results of a survey of the famous rock art site
Nämforsen, in the county of Västernorrland, Sweden. The survey was part of a project
named Rock Art, Language and Environment, managed and financed by HumLab at Umeå
University, Sweden. The project was co-financed by Umeå University and RANE (Rock Art in
Northern Europe) – a project financed by the European Union.
The aim was to make a detailed survey of the known rock carvings at the site and also to
look for new ones. The location of the images and the structure of the rock surfaces were
digitized and recorded in high resolution, making it possible to get a good 3D-image of the
entire site and its surroundings.
As the first step, the rock surfaces at Laxön, Brådön and Notön in Nämforsen were
investigated with torchlight during nighttime. The contours of the carvings identified were
then marked with a piece of chalk. During daytime the images were copied to a plastic sheet
with three or more coordinate points on each sheet. The x, y and z values were measured
with a Total Station. The sheets were later scanned.
This report gives a more traditional 2D-version of the rock art at Nämforsen. The point of
departure is Gustaf Hallström’s documentation of Nämforsen, published in 1960. When
presenting the images we follow Hallström’s subdivision and labeling of the different areas,
which makes it easy for the reader to compare the current documentation with Hallström’s.
We are aware of the fact that other researchers than Hallström have surveyed and found
new rock carvings on the cliffs at Nämforsen (e.g. Christian Lindqvist 1994, 1999), but we
have anyhow chosen to compare our documentation with Hallström’s. We believe that
scholars, both in Sweden and internationally, mainly use the work of Hallström as the
empirical basis when discussing and analyzing Nämforsen, and therefore this new
documentation should be related to Hallström’s major work from 1960.
The rock carvings are shown in two colors: black, representing images documented by
Hallström, while red images are the ‘new’ ones, recorded in our campaign 2001-2003. There
are also images recorded by Hallström that we could not find, and images found by
Hallström that we see, but interpret in a different way.
Each group of rock carvings, or single images (following Hallström’s system), are positioned
according to the Swedish coordinate system SWEREF 99. In this report one midpoint
coordinate point is given for each rock art panel.
A digital and web-searchable database of the rock carvings at Nämforsen is currently under
production by HumLab at Umeå University, financed by the County Administrative Board of
Västernorrland.
Many thanks to Johan Olofsson, Sara Hjalmarsson and Sofia Yasin, who collected all the
field data with the Total Station. Thanks to Kenneth Ihrestam for digital processing of the
plastic sheets. We would also like to thank Nämforsen Rock Art Museum, Näsåker, for help
and assistance in many ways during the field work.
A special thanks to Fredrik Palm, HumLab, Umeå University, for helping us out with the
‘missing’ coordinate data and other technical problems.
3
Hallström’s maps over the carving area at Nämforsen (1960, Pl. XXVII)
4
Presentation of the rock art panels
Main Group I. Laxön and the southern shore (Hallström 1960, Pl. X-XV)
5
The new documentation of Main Group I.
A:1
Comments: 2 cup-marks and 1 short line were found beneath the animal to the right. Also, the head
of this animal could be fully traced.
X 593975,46 Y 7036088,91 Z 84,89
A:2
Comments: 1 animal (moose), partly damaged by erosion.
X 593975,56 Y 7036091,16 Z 85,73
A:3
Comments: 1 new ship engraving was found, 0.5 m to the left of the one documented by Hallström.
X 593974,52 Y 7036093,90 Z 86,00
6
A:4
Comments: 1 short line was added.
X 593971,89 Y 7036094,36 Z 85,94
A:5a
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 593965,02 Y 7036094,03 Z 85,76
A:5b
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 593966,48 Y 7036092,54 Z 85,63
7
A:6a
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 593958,52 Y 7036098,94 Z 85,78
A:6b
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 593929,02 Y 7036099,57 Z 87,41
A:7
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 593951,17 Y 7036097,10 Z 85,17
8
A:8
Comments: 1 short line was found c. 0.35 m above the Z-shaped image.
X 593949,97 Y 7036098,58 Z 85,67
A:9a
Comments: 4 animals (probably moose) and some lines were added to this scene.
X 593942,84 Y 7036099,24 Z 85,03
9
A:9b
Comments: A new image (part of an animal?) was found close to A:9a.
X 593944,58 Y 7036099,77 Z 85,21
A:10
Comments: 1 short, angled line was added to this panel.
X 593941,67 Y 7036102,48 Z 85,62
A:10a
Comments: 1 angular line. Another short line, registered by Hallström, could not be found.
X 593937,46 Y 7036099,68 Z 84,70
10
B:1
Comments: 2 new animals (moose) were added to this panel.
X 593984,77 Y 7036098,77 Z 84,24
B:2
Comments: Hallström has no plate for B:2, but he mentions “indistinct figures” (1960:145). We have
traced 1 ship, 3 pickaxes, a possible moose (up in the right hand corner), and lines of different
shapes.
X 593983,24 Y 7036101,00 Z 84,19
11
B:3
Comments: This panel has some new images: 3 fragmentary animals, 1 ship and lines of different
shapes.
X 593978,33 Y 7036109,44 Z 83,97
C:1
Comments: 3 animals (moose), 1 fish, 1 cup-mark should be added to this panel.
X 593966,35 Y 7036127,28 Z 82,84
12
C:2
Comments: 1 new moose and 1 line. The animal with hanging belly was partly traced by Hallström.
X 593971,39 Y 7036128,85 Z 82,48
C:3
Comments: A new pair of legs was found under the moose to the right.
X 593975,40 Y 7036128,15 Z 81,44
D:1, D:2& D:2b
Comments: This scene is a compilation of Hallström’s D1, D2 and D2b. As can be seen, a lot of
animals, ships, and anthropomorphic images should be added to Hallström’s original documentation.
X 593971,80 Y 7036141,60 Z 83,85
13
D:1a
Comments: 1 ship, 2 incomplete animals (moose) and lines should be added to this scene.
X 593976,38 Y 7036139,66 Z 82,70
D:2a
Comments: A forked line and another line connecting the two animals were found on this panel.
X 593968,14 Y 7036144,30 Z 83,54
D:2c
Comments: A new image of a ship (?).
X 593969,01 Y 7036139,81 Z 83,88
14
D:2d
Comments: A short line.
X 593969,17 Y 7036141,57 Z 83,73
D:2e
Comments: A short line and a cup-mark.
X 593971,14 Y 7036143,84 Z 83,81
D:2f
Comments: 1 ship, 1 part of another ship (or animal?), and 2 short lines.
X 593963,91 Y 7036142,75 Z 83,93
D:2g
Comments: 2 animals (moose), 1 cup-mark and 1 short, curved line.
X 593967,57 Y 7036139,80 Z 84,06
15
D:3
Comments: A lot of small lines or “flying objects” were found above the ship and (probably) 1 animal
in the upper left corner of the scene.
X 593980,66 Y 7036142,46 Z 81,63
D:3a
Comments: 1 cup-mark was found above the head of the “centaur”.
X 593981,17 Y 7036141,22 Z 81,43
16
D:4
Comments: 1 moose superimposed upon the anthropomorphic image, 1 animal (?) below, and lines
(images?) that are difficult to interpret.
X 593983,41 Y 7036142,49 Z 81,01
D:5 & D:5a
Comments: This panel comprices Hallström’s D:5 and D:5a. 5 animals (moose), 2 ships, 1
anthropomorphic figure, 1 pole with animal head (?), and some unidentifiable images should be
added. A rock carving from 1923 (made by Verner Molander from Resele) can also be seen: “VERNER
MOLANDER, RESELE 1923”.
X 593984,63 Y 7036144,51 Z 80,95
17
D:6
Comments: 4 new animals (moose), 2 ships, 3 frame-shaped images, 1 pole with animal head, 1 pickaxe, and some intricate figures, difficult to interpret.
X 593987,44 Y 7036145,04 Z 80,00
D:7
Comments: Head and back of a moose that never was completed, or a pole with moose head (?).
X 593989,94 Y 7036144,58 Z 80,36
18
D:7a
Comments: 2 fishes and 1 moose. The head, the dorsal and tail fins on the upper fish were found, as
well as the moose image. The moose could be Hallström’s D:7b, but the distance between the figures
does not match his description (1960: 153). The belly-line is dotted.
X 593988,91 Y 7036147,31 Z 80,27
D:7c
Comments: This image of a moose could not be found.
D:8
Comments: 1 animal and 5 lines should be added to this panel. The animal (?) in the middle is a
strange creation, and Hallström suggests that it: “… is probably a defective drawing. After this failure
to draw at this place, dangerous even at low water, the attempt was presumably abandoned.” (1960:
154).
X 593988,17 Y 7036141,06 Z 80,66
19
D:9
Comments: 1 animal (perhaps 2?), some dots and curved lines are the new features on this panel.
X 593987,20 Y 7036138,79 Z 81,07
D:10, D:11 and D:11a
Comments: Only 4 lines and 1 cup-mark were added to this scene.
X 593986,35 Y 7036137,03 Z 80,89
20
D:12 and D:13
Comments: A pair of legs and a dotted belly-line should be added to the lower moose. A line was also
discovered on the image behind the other moose, making it look like a bestiality scene (?). 1 long line
and 2 cup-marks were also found between the seal looking figures – “fabulous beings” as Hallström
called them (1960: 157).
X 593982,29 Y 7036137,23 Z 81,51
D:16
Comments: 2 animals, 1 anthropomorphic, 3 lines and 2 unidentifiable carvings were added to this
scene.
X 593974,42 Y 7036136,63 Z 83,16
21
D:14-15
22
Comments: On this large panel (previous page) we can see a great increase in the number of
recorded images. According to our documentation there are 141 carved items on D:14-15, which
marks an increase with 143%. In many cases Hallström had seen some vague lines or carved forms
where we now have identified certain figures. The new motives are mainly animals (moose) and
anthropomorphic figures.
X 593978,11 Y 7036136,43 Z 82,93
D:16a
Comments: 4 certain animals, 3 possible animals, 1 fish (?) and 1 forked line are the new images.
X 593972,04 Y 7036137,35 Z 82,89
D:16b
Comments: 1 certain moose, 1 possible animal and 1 fish (salmon) should be added to the picture.
X 593969,72 Y 7036138,07 Z 83,47
23
D:16c
Comments: A slight change in the form of the animal, compared to Hallström’s documentation.
X 593966,60 Y 7036137,53 Z 83,64
D:17
Comments: 2 new animals (moose), 1 fish?, 1 ship and some lines that are difficult to interpret.
X 593960,29 Y 7036152,45 Z 82,17
D:18a
Comments: 1 part of a ship and 1 animal (?) are the new items.
X 593978,19 Y 7036179,92 Z 78,78
24
D:18I and D:18II
Comments: 2 lines and 1 animal to be added to this panel.
X 593981,65 Y 7036177,71 Z 80,00
D:18b
Comments: A ship of an unusual type was found very close to the water. A rock carving ship of this
type has been found at Laxforsen in Västerbotten (Larsson & Broström 1999).
X 593984,64 Y 7036183,25 Z 77,26
D:19
Comments: 1 animal (moose).
X 593987,41 Y 7036152,54 Z 80,01.
25
D:20
Comments: 1 cup-mark, 3 cm I diameter.
X 593988,45 Y 7036153,51 Z 80,11
D:21
Comments: 1 moose image, 1 short line and an undeterminable figure.
X 593975,57 Y 7036164,64 Z 81,19
E:1
Comments: Only 1 new image: a cup-mark.
X 593927,00 Y 7036131,54 Z 85,30
26
E:2
Comments: To this image of a moose a small cup-mark has been added.
X 593931,05 Y 7036132,34 Z 85,33
E:3
Comments: No major change.
X 593940,96 Y 7036134,46 Z 84,65
E:3a
Comments: No major change.
X 593942,86 Y 7036137,12 Z 84,53
27
E:4
Comments: 2 new small ships.
X 593937,45 Y 7036134,67 Z 85,84
F:1
Comments: Only a few new carved dots could be traced.
X 593929,02 Y 7036114,57 Z 85,07
F:2
Comments: 1 anthropomorphic figure (partly recognized by Hallström) and 1 forked line are new in
this scene.
X 593932,91 Y 7036118,86 Z 85,93
28
F:3
Comments: These two lined could be parts of Hallström’s F:3, even if the location does not fit his
description.
X 593950,22 Y 7036113,58 Z 84,97
F:3a
Comments: This image is slightly reinterpreted, but it is Hallström’s F:3a. A short line has been added.
X 593952,41 Y 7036113,36 Z 85,12
F:3b
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 593953,73 Y 7036112,63 Z 85,14
29
F:3c
Comments: 1 ship image, 3 lines and 1 cup-mark.
X 593950,14 Y 7036114,83 Z 85,20
F:4
Comments: The head of the animal was fully traced.
X 593960,74 Y 7036111,47 Z 84,89
F:5
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 5939601,52 Y 7036112,68 Z 84,31
30
G:1
31
Comments: On this great panel at Laxön (previous page) there were only some minor changes: 1 ship
(?), 1 cup-mark and 1 angled line could be added.
X 593929,02 Y 7036099,57 Z 87,41
G:1a
Comments: The stem part of a ship could be added to Hallström’s drawing.
X 593910,77 Y 7036100,59 Z 87,93
G:2
Comments: A new group of animals (moose and fish) was found above the lonely fish in Hallström’s
G:2 panel. Also, the head (with antlers) of an animal could be traced.
X 593912,20 Y 7036101,11 Z 88,22
32
G:3
Comments: 5 animals (moose), 1 fish, and a number of lines (fragmentary images) should be added
to this scene.
X 593909,08 Y 7036105,32 Z 88,79
G:3c
Comments: Two new images: 1 animal (moose) and 1 stem of a ship (?).
X 593904,98 Y 7036108,52 Z 88,69
G:4
Comments: Nothing to add to Hallström’s original drawing.
X 593904,91 Y 7036099,02 Z 86,13
33
G:5
Comments: 5 new images (animals?) could be added to this panel. Where most of the images were
found, the rock surface is damaged.
X 593899,74 Y 7036107,70 Z 88,11
G:6
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 593897,83 Y 7036105,93 Z 86,74
G:7
Comments: New: Most probably 2 ships (broken by a crack): one stem and one stern remains.
X 593892,40 Y 7036105,11 Z 86,86
34
G:8
Comments: 3 new lines.
X 593892,08 Y 7036105,85 Z 87,47
G:9
Comments: A new angled line – perhaps body and legs of an animal (?).
X 593885,27 Y 7036106,02 Z 87,27
G:10
Comments: New: An animal (or ship ?) with two heads.
X 593884,60 Y 7036104,51 Z 86,63
35
H:1-H:3
Comments: Hallström’s H-series was not possible to find. It is located close to the power plant dam
and the floodgate (Hallström 1960: 181) on the northern shore of the rapids.
X:1
Comments: 1 new animal (moose) and 1 short line.
X 593929,65 Y 7036025,35 Z 81,85
36
X:2
Comments: Hallström recorded some lines which he interpreted as possible fragments of animals
(1960: 183). Our tracing revealed 2 ships and 1 short line in 90o angel.
X 593924,88 Y 7036026,79 Z 81,81
X:3
Comments: This ship with an animal head at the stem is not of the same type as the one that
Hallström recorded, but it is located at roughly the same spot.
X 593914,00 Y 7036017,65 Z 82,49
X:3a
Comments: This ship resembles X:3a in Hallström’s publication, even if he has 2 ships and the
direction seems to be upside down (his arrow towards North is pointing in the opposite direction).
X 593910,15 Y 7036020,35 Z 82,41
37
X:4
Comments: On the X:4 panel we could only retrieve the ship and a new short line. The moose image
was impossible to see.
X 593910,96 Y 7036025,36 Z 82,15
X:5
Comments: This scene could not be found.
Y:1a-c
Comments: 3 ships and 2 lines are new. The two ships to the right were noticed by Hallström, but
there are more details in the new documentation.
X 593942,71 Y 7036009,77 Z 82,28
38
Y:2-3
Comments: A small carved depression in front of the moose image is the only new element.
X 593951,47 Y 7036009,38 Z 82,12
Z:1
Comments: A Z-shaped line (swan?) is the only image that could be added to this scene.
X 594087,15 Y 7035976,84 Z 78,01
Z:1a
Comments: This small boat was never found.
Z:2
Comments: Only 2 new carvings on this panel.
X 594089,79 Y 7035975,63 Z 78,09
39
Carvings in the Z- and Ä-series that could not be found when surveying the southern shore.
Ä:1
Comments: 8 new images could be identified on this panel: 1 moose, 2 ships and lines. The ship at
the top of the drawing is of a unusual type, similar to D:18b (Larsson & Broström 1999).
X 594255,16 Y 7035943,47 Z (missing)
Ä:4
Comments: In Hallström’s drawing, a line was noted c. 0.7 m above the stem of the ship. This line
could not be found.
X 594240,28 Y 7035943,78 Z (missing)
40
Ö
Comments: This image of an animal (reindeer or goat?) was carved on a loose stone, found on the
southern shore in 1934. The stone was moved to the Parish Museum and after that it was lost.
Summary, Main Group I. Laxön:
The total number of rock carvings (all categories included) on Laxön and on the southern shore are
now close to 1000. This figure includes everything, from short carved lines and cup-marks to
complete images of ships, animals, etc. We have also included the images documented by Hallström
that we could not find in our survey.
The table below shows the total number of carvings and the number of new carvings, distributed
on the different sub-groups (A-Ä). Altogether, the increase in Main Group I is 72%.
Panels
A group
B group
C group
D group
E group
F group
G group
X group
Y group
Z group
Ä group
Not found
Total
Increase %
New
16
24
13
267
4
15
49
6
6
3
4
407
41
Total
51
39
73
421
16
43
179
11
33
31
27
65
989
72
Main Group II. Notön (Hallström 1960, Pl. XVI-XXII)
42
The new documentation of Main Group II.
A:1
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594211,41 Y 7036068,63 Z 76,64
A:2
Comments: 1 line, close to the two anthropomorphic figures should be added.
X594209,92 Y 7036067,62 Z 76,69
A:3a-b
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594208,86 Y 7036067,60 Z 76,79
43
A:4
Comments: A small, oval carving was found close to the animal to the left.
X 594207,57 Y 7036070,34 Z 76,73
A:5
Comments: 1 cup-mark, inside one of the ships was found.
X 594206,93 Y 7036066,83 Z 77,45
A:6
Comments: Hallström had noticed a box-formed carving (the black figure?). We could also identify 1
animal, lines and 1 cup-mark. The animal could be a dog (?), with long, raised ears and an upright tail.
X 594206,37 Y 7036066,32 Z 77,78
44
A:7
Comments: Hallström recorded the oval form and interpreted it as a boat “…or some other figure.”
(1960: 197), and our documentation revealed this image but also two anthropomorphic figures and
two curved lines. The larger of the two ‘humans’ has a short carved line between the legs. If this
should be interpreted as a gender indicator, is the figure then of female or male sex?
X 594207,27 Y 7036064,58 Z 77,57
A:8
Comments: Nothing new to add.
X 594208,27 Y 7036064,10 Z 77,32
45
A:9
Comments: This carving was found on a loose stone on the gravel-bank on Notön in 1943. It was
removed to the National Museum of Antiquities in Stockholm (No. 23362), according to Hallström
(1960: 197).
A:10
Comments: New image of a moose.
X 594207,74 Y 7036066,59 Z 77,16
A:11
Comments: A new group of images, consisting of 3 ships and 1 spearhead-shaped image.
X 594204,48 Y 7036067,80 Z 78,24
46
B:1
Comments: Only minor changes compare to Hallström’s documentation. The curved line above the
stern of the ship could not be found. We have also added two new rays on the ‘sun’ above the ship.
X 594200,82 Y 7036075,75 Z 76,47
B:2a-b
Comments: This panel is probably Hallström’s B:2a or B:2b. The distance between the two is,
according to Hallström, 2,8 m, so this drawing cannot include both. 2 new animals were found.
X 594196,59 Y 7036078,95 Z 76,57
B:3
Comments: This image was found at the position of B:3, according to Hallström’s description, though
it does not resemble his drawing.
X 594193,51 Y 7036080,91 Z 76,24
47
C:1
Comments: A curved line, 0.3 m to NE of the ‘head’ of the ship, could not be retrieved.
X 594185,08 Y 7036085,05 Z 75,96
C:2
Comments: The stern of the ship to the left could be added to the picture.
X 594185,63 Y 7036081,06 Z 76,58
C:4
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594179,67 Y 7036082,98 Z 77,45
48
C:3
Comments: On this panel we could not find the easternmost figures on Hallström’s drawing (4 ships
and some lines).
X 594179,94 Y 7036081,74 Z 77,10
49
C:5
Comments: 1 ship, 1 pick-axe and 6 lines are new items in this scene.
X 594180,22 Y 7036084,24 Z 77,43
C:8
Comments: Hallström’s ship was interpreted in a different way and 2 lines and 1 cup-mark should be
added.
X 594170,65 Y 7036084,37 Z 78,34
C:9
Comments: A 0.13 m long line.
X 594172,09 Y 7036084,14 Z 78,28
50
C:6-7
Comments: On this large panel, only one small ship (above the main ship) is missing compared to
Hallström’s drawing.
X 594175,86 Y 7036082,93 Z 77,85
51
D:1
Comments: 2 new ships, 2 lines and 1 cup-mark were added to this scene.
X 594165,89 Y 7036085,56 Z 78,44
D:2
Comments: A few details were added: two ears and hooves on the animal to the right.
X 594161,51 Y 7036086,25 Z 78,65
52
D:5
Comments: 1 animal, 2 lines and 8 cup-marks should be added. 1 animal (in the E part of the panel)
could not be retrieved.
X 594159,40 Y 7036084,73 Z 78,74
53
D:3
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594159,63 Y 7036086,48 Z 78,87
D:4
Comments: The frame-shaped image behind the animal in Hallström’s documentation could not be
found, but instead we found a double-headed creature (ship?).
X 594157,37 Y 7036087,70 Z 78,64
D:6
Comments: One of Hallström’s ships (to the right of the stem of the longest ship) could not be
retrieved. Instead, we found 3 new ships and 2 lines.
X 594156,32 Y 7036086,69 Z 78,57
54
D:7
Comments: 1 pick-axe was added to this scene.
X 594153,44 Y 7036086,65 Z 78,07
D:8
Comments: Only one small carving (ship?) was found close to the previously known images.
X 594152,18 Y 7036087,63 Z 77,78
D:9
Comments: 2 pick-axe shapes were added.
X 594152,48 Y 7036088,39 Z 77,74
55
D:10
Comments: A new line (ship?) could be traced.
X 594150,80 Y 7036088,12 Z 77,50
D:11
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594148,82 Y 7036086,34 Z 77,37
D:12
Comments: A hook-shaped line.
X 594161,18 Y 7036087,50 Z 78,51
56
E:1
Comments: New elements are 3 ships, 1 line and 2 cup-marks. The southernmost images (partly
traced by Hallström) were two ships.
X 594153,65 Y 7036084,65 Z 78,30
E:2
Comments: 1 complete ship, 2 fragmentary ships, 2 lines, 1 cup-mark and the continuation of a ship
that Hallström started to draw.
X 594151,81 Y 7036082,63 Z 78,69
57
E:3
Comments: 1 new, fragmentary ship (?), 2 cup-marks and a slightly different shape of the muzzle of
the moose was noted on this panel.
X 594151,26 Y 7036081,62 Z 78,49
F:1
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594150,49 Y 7036078,12 Z 78,83
58
F:2
Comments: 1 animal, 3 lines and 3 cup-marks are the new features.
X 594152,94 Y 7036077,15 Z 78,83
G:1
Comments: A curved line could be added to this scene.
X 594145,49 Y 7036078,05 Z 78,81
59
G:2
Comments: No major changes in this scene. We added 1 ship and 1 animal.
X 594143,69 Y 7036077,28 Z 78,63
G:3
Comments: 1 new cup-mark.
X 594141,63 Y 7036077,25 Z 78,34
60
G:4
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594138,52 Y 7036076,21 Z 77,92
G:5
Comments: 2 new anthropomorphic figures were identified.
X 594147,76 Y 7036066,33 Z 80,01
61
G:6
Comments: A new panel, consisting of 3 ships and a line should be added to the G-series.
X 594161,90 Y 7036070,26 Z 80,11
H:2
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594133,81 Y 7036072,91 Z 77,66
H:3
Comments: Two small carvings (indistinct) to the left and to the right of the animals were not found.
X 594134,26 Y 7036071,66 Z 77,82
62
H:1
Comments: 5 lines, 2 ships and 2 new cup-marks are the main changes in this panel. Some images
have been slightly reinterpreted.
X 594136,49 Y 7036073,44 Z 78,09
63
H:4
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594134,97 Y 7036070,17 Z 78,11
J:1
Comments: 6 ships (some partly traced by Hallström), 1 animal (?) and some lines are new in this
scene. Some of Hallström’s short lines were not found.
X 594133,97 Y 7036064,66 Z 78,62
J:2
Comments: The stem of a ship and one forked line were the new carvings here.
X 594136,95 Y 7036066,45 Z 78,36
64
J:3
Comments: An angled line, c. 0.2 m long.
X 594130,05 Y 7036063,61 Z 78,61
K:1
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594126,22 Y 7036050,32 Z 79,96
K:2
Comments: A U-shaped line was added to this drawing.
X 594125,03 Y 7036050,55 Z 79,52
K:3
Comments: The cup-mark behind the foreleg noted by Hallström could not be identified.
X 594134,33 Y 7036051,67 Z 79,58
65
K:4
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594140,35 Y 7036049,74 Z 79,54
K:5
Comments: The shape of ‘our’ moose differs from Hallström’s version: the hooves are forked and the
bell under the chin could not be identified. Also, the ears (or antlers?) are different.
X 594140,19 Y 7036047,49 Z 79,79
L:1
Comments: Some of Hallström’s animals and lines could not be fully traced. 1 curved line and 2 cupmarks are added.
X 594129,49 Y 7036043,61 Z 80,06
66
L:1a & L:2
Comments: These two carvings could not be found.
L:3
Comments: Some lines are missing and some have been added.
X 594133,02 Y 7036045,90 Z 81,83
L:4
Comments: 1 ship, 2 complete animals, 2 fragmentary ones and some lines were added to this panel.
X 594133,17 Y 7036043,91 Z 81,28
67
L:5
Comments: 2 new animals, 1 cup-mark and the upper part of a ‘human’ should be added. The legs of
the human probably continue in L:6.
X 594132,56 Y 7036043,15 Z 80,55
L:6
Comments: A carving on a loose part of the rock, originally connected with L:5. The two new lines
most certainly belong to the anthropomorphic figure in L:5.
X 594131,82 Y 7036042,39 Z 79,92
L:7
Comments: Two new lines.
X 594143,54 Y 7036044,54 Z 79,92
68
L:8
Comments: 5 ships, 3 animals, 1 pick-axe, 1 cup-mark and 2 undeterminable figures should be added
to this panel.
X 594146,87 Y 7036042,58 Z 80,33
L:9
Comments: The animal does not look like Hallström’s L:9, but location on Notön is roughly the same.
Two new indeterminable figures were added.
X 594143,96 Y 7036041,04 Z 80,22
L:10
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594141,84 Y 7036040,77 Z 80,22
69
M:1
Comments: 1 anthropomorphic figure, 2 lines and 1 indeterminable carving were added to the
picture.
X 594134,79 Y 7036034,93 Z 80,44
M:2
Comments: Nothing to add. The animal is 0.28 m long.
X 594135,79 Y 7036034,44 Z 80,74
N:1
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594139,94 Y 7036032,49 Z 81,31
70
N:2
Comments: 2 animals should be added to this scene. Two lines recorded by Hallström could not be
found.
X 594141,44 Y 7036032,26 Z 81,19
N:3
Comments: A 0.12 m long line (the leg of an animal?).
X 594142,62 Y 7036033,28 Z 81,41
O:1
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594146,65 Y 7036035,83 Z 81,09
O:2
Comments: In our tracing, the arm is not connected to the back of the animal, as in Hallström’s
drawing.
Coordinates missing
71
O:3
Comments: 1 curved line and 1 cup-mark are new in the O-series.
X 594143,89 Y 7036036,04 Z 80,86
O:4
Comments: 3 new lines.
X 594147,36 Y 7036038,84 Z 80,72
P:1
Comments: 6 ships, 1 duck (or ship?) and some lines should be added to this panel.
X 594146,72 Y 7036030,08 Z 80,55
72
P:2
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594148,32 Y 7036031,60 Z 80,97
P:3
Comments: 2 ships and 1 animal (partly) are new features here.
X 594148,72 Y 7036030,11 Z 80,55
P:4-5
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594149,42 Y 7036029,36 Z 80,05
73
Q:2
Comments: 1 ship and 1 curved line with forked endings (ship?).
X 594135,16 Y 7036030,18 Z 80,19
Q:1
Comments: For this large panel, Hallström’s and our documentation are perfectly matching. The
southernmost images in Hallström’s documentation are presented on next page as Q:1a and Q:1b.
X 594138,55 Y 7036028,48 Z 80,72
74
Q:1a
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594137,97 Y 7036030,47 Z 81,37
Q:1b
Comments: A ship image, 0.32 m long.
Coordinates missing.
Q:3
Comments: These carvings could not be found.
75
R:1
Comments: 1 line should be added.
X 594146,79 Y 7036019,33 Z 80,17
R:2
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594148,93 Y 7036018,11 Z 80,30
R:3
Comments: 1 ship should be added to this panel.
X 594152,07 Y 7036017,15 Z 80,22
76
S:1
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594157,58 Y 7036016,22 Z 80,00
S:2
Comments: The cup-mark and 2 lines noted by Hallström, c. 0.7 m N of these images, were not
found.
X 594157,68 Y 7036013,22 Z 79,89
S:3
Comments: A short line was added.
X 594159,31 Y 7036012,99 Z 80,01
77
S:4
Comments: 1 angular line (part of a ship?) was added.
X 594160,33 Y 7036011,26 Z 79,91
S:5
Comments: 1 short, slightly curved line added.
X 594157,90 Y 7036010,23 Z 79,44
S:7
Comments: 1 new animal was found.
X 594163,06 Y 7036008,04 Z 79,39
78
S:6
Comments: 2 animals (moose), 1 anthropomorphic image, 3 ships, 2 cup-marks and a few short lines
were added to this panel.
X 594160,17 Y 7036009,00 Z 79,59
79
S:8-9
Comments: 1 ship, 1 swan (?), 8 cup-marks and some lines were the new features here.
X 594165,88 Y 7036007,08 Z 79,32
80
T:1
Comments: 3 ships, 1 animal, 1 line and a carved surface.
X 594158,38 Y 7036006,73 Z 79,83
T:2
Comments: 3 animals, 4 ships and 3 lines should be added to this scene.
X 594160,29 Y 7036004,51 Z 78,91
T:4
Comments: A short angular line was found.
X 594159,93 Y 7036003,00 Z 78,07
81
T:3
Comments: 4 ships, 3 animals, 1 pick-axe, 2 cup-marks and some curved and straight lines.
X 594157,02 Y 7036005,97 Z 79,54
82
T:5 and T:6
Comments: Hallström’s panels T:5 and T:6 could not be found when doing our survey.
T:7
Comments: Apart from the animal in the lower left corner, the other figures are difficult to interpret
(perhaps a small boat? among the lines).
X 594157,67 Y 7036004,22 Z 78,89
T:8
Comments: 2 new ships, 1 line and two indistinct figures.
X 594163,09 Y 7036005,29 Z 79,02
83
T:9
Comments: 1 new image of a ship, c. 0.2 m long.
X 594160,27 Y 7036005,51 Z 79,48
U:1
Comments: A line and a cup-mark were added.
X 594153,60 Y 7036004,92 Z 79,59
U:2
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594152,35 Y 7036004,66 Z 79,19
84
U:3
Comments: The ship is 0.38 m long.
X 594149,37 Y 7036008,12 Z 80,21
V:1
Comments: A small hooked line was found.
X 594143,74 Y 7036013,55 Z 80,39
V:2-3
Comments: 2 new ships were found.
X 594142,08 Y 7036011,53 Z 79,64
85
X:1
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594134,42 Y 7036014,18 Z 79,99
X:2
Comments: A small animal (?), c. 0.1 m long.
X 594134,69 Y 7036012,68 Z 79,73
Y:1
Comments: 2 short lines were added.
X 594117,91 Y 7036015,72 Z 80,39
86
Y:2
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594116,99 Y 7036013,96 Z 79,33
Y:3
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594119,18 Y 7036013,49 Z 79,33
Y:4
Only some short lines traced by Hallström. Could not be found.
Y:5
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594121,40 Y 7036016,51 Z 80,53
87
Summary, Main Group II. Notön:
The total number of carvings (all categories included) on Notön are now more than 1100. This
includes everything from short lines to elaborate images of ships, animals, etc. Included in the total is
also figures drawn by Hallström that we could not find today.
In all, the number of new carvings is 262, which means an increase with 30 %.
Panels
A group
B group
C group
D group
E group
F group
G group
H group
J group
K group
L group
M group
N group
O group
P group
Q group
R group
S group
T group
U group
V group
X group
Y group
Not found
Total
Increase %
New
Total
15
49
2
11
12
100
29
103
15
45
7
11
10
40
9
63
13
30
1
7
32
104
4
10
3
17
5
8
20
90
3
115
2
28
31
107
42
112
2
29
3
16
0
2
2
8
17
262
1122
30
88
Main Group III. Brådön (Hallström 1960, Pl. XXIII-XXVI)
89
The new documentation of Main Group III.
A:1
Comments: 4 animals and 10 cup-marks should be added to this panel.
X 594034,39 Y 7036078,65 Z 86,24
90
A:2
Comments: The animal is 0.14 m long.
X 594026,26 Y 7036069,30 Z 84,91
A:3
Comments: 1 animal (moose) and 1 indistinct figure were found on this new scene.
X 594022,20 Y 7036074,00 Z 87,76
A:4
Comments: 3 new lines.
X 594019,82 Y 7036074,47 Z 88,02
91
B:1
Comments: Two new short lines and one animal were added.
X 594041,19 Y 7036069,49 Z 85,79
B:2
Comments: The ship is 1.35 m long.
X 594044,10 Y 7036071,53 Z 85,13
B:3
Comments: Two new images: 1 animal and 1 cup-mark.
X 594041,71 Y 7036067,75 Z 85,37
92
B:4
Comments: On this new panel we identified 4 images: 2 foot soles (a pair) and 2 animals. The foot
soles and one of the animals are outlined by small, pecked dots, while the other animal is carved in
the traditional style. The dotted animal has four legs, which is an unusual trait.
X 594039,54 Y 7036066,22 Z 84,81
C:1
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594041,74 Y 7036065,25 Z 84,26
C:2
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594045,18 Y 7036065,29 Z 83,95
93
D:1
Comments: Just a small dot and a line added to this scene.
X 594049,05 Y 7036065,09 Z 82,77
D:2
Comments: A small new figure was found (anthropomorphic?).
X 594053,25 Y 7036064,14 Z 82,38
D:3
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594054,99 Y 7036065,17 Z 82,14
94
D:5
Comments: An animal ? (to the right) and the stem of a ship (?).
X 594050,52 Y 7036067,61 Z 83,48
E:1
Comments: An indistinct figure in front of the foot soles were not found and a forked line was added.
X 594048,25 Y 7036064,08 Z 83,05
95
E:2-3
Comments: Nothing to add to this panel.
X 594050,70 Y 7036063,36 Z 82,90
F:1
Comments: One new foot sole should be added (now a pair). The line is partly made up of small dots.
X 594056,14 Y 7036062,68 Z 81,61
96
E:4-6
Comments: No major changes to this large panel on Brådön.
X 594053,90 Y 7036062,15 Z 82,28
97
F:2
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594057,75 Y 7036063,95 Z 80,97
F:3
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594059,53 Y 7036061,72 Z 81,06
F:4
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594051,53 Y 7036062,12 Z 82,84
98
G
Comments: 3 lines (one dotted), 1 cup-mark, 1 leg and a gender marker (?) were added to this scene.
X 594063,15 Y 7036062,02 Z 79,86
H:1
Comments: The positioning of the two animals (in relation to each other) differs slightly from
Hallström’s drawing.
X 594076,70 Y 7036072,94 Z 79,28
99
H:2
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594075,18 Y 7036074,17 Z 79,71
J:1
Comments: One small carving between the line and the top moose could not be found.
X 594080,22 Y 7036075,73 Z 78,99
J:2
Comments: A new U-shaped line was found.
X 594080,45 Y 7036077,98 Z 78,78
100
K:1-2
Comments: The head of one moose could be fully traced.
X 594078,25 Y 7036083,45 Z 78,40
L:1
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594092,40 Y 7036086,63 Z 76,83
101
M
Comments: 1 ship, 1 animal and some lines in Hallström’s documentation could not be found. An
anthropomorphic image has been added.
X 594087,60 Y 7036090,32 Z 77,40
102
N
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594083,83 Y 7036087,27 Z 78,06
O:1
Comments: 1 new animal (moose) is added to the picture and 4 cup-marks ‘inside’ the moose in the
lower left corner.
X 594080,29 Y 7036090,73 Z 78,22
103
O:2
Comments: 4 cup-marks were added.
X 594078,35 Y 7036090,45 Z 78,66
O:3
Comments: This image differs from Hallström’s drawing. Two items are missing.
X 594075,36 Y 7036089,67 Z 78,93
P:1
Comments: 1 curved line and 2 cup-marks are new.
X 594084,65 Y 7036096,28 Z 77,56
104
P:2
Comments: Nothing to add.
X 594081,77 Y 7036096,75 Z 78,20
Q:1
Comments: Unusual, four legged creature. The front part of the head was diffuse.
X 594089,30 Y 7036099,34 Z 77,57
Q:2
Comments: Just a new cup-mark in this scene.
X 594089,40 Y 7036101,09 Z 77,59
105
Q:3
Comments: This small carving (ship?) is 0.13 m long.
X 594087,20 Y 7036102,56 Z 77,62
Q:4
Comments: A new moose image and a carved dot underneath the chin.
X 594091,07 Y 7036097,61 Z 77,19
R:1
Comments: The lines in Hallström’s drawing, connected to this panel, could not be found.
X 594082,91 Y 7036100,51 Z 78,39
106
R:2
Comments: The stem (at the right) of this ship could not be properly traced. The length is m 0.9 m.
X 594079,54 Y 7036099,97 Z 78,33
S:1
Comments: A short line, a nozzle, and a fully traced moose are the new features.
X 594075,03 Y 7036100,91 Z 78,57
S:2
Comments: Two new lines. The one to the right probably is the head, ear and back of a moose.
X 594076,91 Y 7036100,68 Z 78,59
107
Summary, Main Group III. Brådön:
The total number of recorded rock carvings on Brådön is now 479. The table below shows the
number of carvings per sub-group and that we have an increase by 14%. Interestingly, the number of
new carvings is extremely low in the sub-groups with large panels and many images, e.g. the E-group.
Perhaps Hallström scrutinized the ‘major panels’ extra carefully during his documentation campaigns
at Nämforsen.
Panels
A group
B group
C group
D group
E group
F group
G group
H group
J group
K group
L group
M group
N group
O group
P group
Q group
R group
S group
Not found
Total
Increase %
New
19
9
0
5
1
1
4
0
1
0
0
1
0
7
3
2
0
4
57
108
Total
121
24
14
24
135
12
10
5
7
7
7
34
2
38
11
11
2
13
2
479
14
Summary
The survey of rock art at Nämforsen in Ångermanland, Sweden, was carried out during the summers
of 2001-2003. In total, the number of carvings at Nämforsen is, according to our counting, 2590. The
‘newly’ discovered ones (compared to Hallström’s documentation) count to 726.
It is obvious from the tables presented above that the increase differs significantly if comparing
the three main groups: Laxön 72%, Notön 30% and Brådön only 14%. If this is caused by varying
quality of our work or Hallström’s, or something else, can of course be discussed. For Nämforsen as a
whole the general increase is 40%.
If it is without doubt that two or more lines or carved areas belong to the same image, we have
counted this as 1 carving. The scene below can illustrate this, where the red animal is 1 animal,
instead of 1 animal and 1 line. It is obvious that the short line should be interpreted as a hind leg and
nothing else. Also, the two animals with superimposed foot soles are treated as 2 animals, even if the
contour lines are broken into several smaller lines.
If we are to count every individual carving, irrespective of contextual interpretation, the number is
close to 3400.
The following diagrams show the distribution of the ‘new’ carvings divided into different categories.
109
It is obvious that a majority of the new finds consist of lines. On Laxön and Brådön, many new
animals (mainly moose) were found, while ships were mainly found on Notön. Cup-marks dominate
on Brådön, where we also found some foot soles.
In this very descriptive report we have chosen to present the new rock carving data from Nämforsen
as we see it. For the time being, we leave interpretations and analyses to other rock art researchers.
The most important thing with this report is to deliver the re-documentation of Nämforsen to
archaeologists as well as to a broader public.
110
Selected photos from the documentation
The authors in a small boat on their way to Notön. Photo: Sara Hjalmarsson.
Sofia Yasin and Sara Hjalmarsson in action on Notön with the Total Station, collecting coordinate data
for the rock carvings and for analyses of the micro-topography of the landscape. Photo: Thomas B
Larsson.
111
Sofia and Sven-Gunnar searching for rock carvings at night by using a lamp. Photo: Thomas B Larsson.
Sven-Gunnar documenting the big Q:1 panel on Notön. In the background are the rapids at Brådön
and the hydro-electric power plant. Photo: Thomas B Larsson.
112
Sven-Gunnar is copying rock carvings (Laxön, D:16a) to a plastic sheet. Photo: Thomas B Larsson.
Some of the carvings on Notön (D:4, D:5 and D:6) temporary painted with a mixture of water and
chalk, before being copied to plastic sheets. Photo: Thomas B Larsson.
113
One of the new scenes on Notön (A:7), temporary painted. Photo: Thomas B Larsson.
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114
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