SOURCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICTS Prof.dr. Andjelka MIHAJLOV [email protected] SOURCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICTS ENVIRONMENT SECURITY ENVIRONMENT eq. SYSTEM OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENT • • • • Air Water Soil Biota • Sustainable use of natural resources (mandatory) …. • With sub circles: SECURITY – National security / defense / country internal conflicts – Foreign policy / politics / peace keeping – Democracy – Human security / humanitarian actions – Global environmental stability (proper management / mismanagement) and…..ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY and SOURCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMFLICTS NATIONAL SECURITY ENVIRONMENT Foreign policy / POLITICS Environmental stability HUMAN SECURITY DEMOCRACY The main environmental conflict causes • Interdependence of different subsystems of environmental security • Scarce natural resources • Goal incapability • Communication / data failures, individual differences, poorly designed reward system and not proper understanding of issues and new perspective • Political allies are not always environmental allies • Political stability is influencing environmental management / mismanagement and vise versa • Environmental conflicts are having some characteristics of terrorism (for example, not knowing who is the enemy, and what are conflict targets) • Environmental security is politically neutral issue? Specially in countries with economy in transition? and view • It is continuous need to support environmental security in SEE / Western Balkan countries as the tool for prevention on further possible conflicts and instrument for long-term conflicts solutions • Environmental security is challenge Four steps guide to managing environmental conflict • Make the environmental conflict visible » How? • Identify common environmental and security goals • Clarify, sort and value differences • Gain commitment to change Choose in resolving environmental conflicts….. • • • • • Avoidance (not addressing the conflict, environmental diplomacy,…) Accepting the other party’s / sector view Win with power a conflict Do the compromise, each party gives up, lose/lose Collaboration / win/win- views of all parties / sectors included in solution ENVIRONMENT DEMOKRACY ECONOMIC STABILITY ENVIRONMENTAL STABILITY HUMAN SECURITY NATIONAL SECURITY POLITICS