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Presented by Ranga Rodrigo based on Toastmasters Competent
Communication Manual
Opening
Body
Conclusion
Select your topic
Make an outline
Develop the opening
Draft the body
The conclusion
Select your topic
Make an outline
Develop the opening
Draft the body
The conclusion
Opening


Capture audience attention
Leads into speech topic

Body


Main point
▪
▪

Subpoint
Support material
Main point
▪
▪

Subpoint
Support material
Main point
▪
▪
Subpoint
Support material

Conclusion
 Review or summary
 Call to action or memorable
statement
Assemble your ideas
logically.
Use a good sequence.
Chronological
• Department’s 40th anniversary speech
Spatial
• Expose floor plan
Causal (effect cause)
• Hurricanes
Comparative
• Two proposals to improve literacy skills
Topical
• Splits main topic into subtopics: How can E-club
serve
Problem-Solution
• Illiteracy  educate parents
Opening
Body
Conclusion
A startling question or challenging statement
An appropriate quotation, illustration or story
A display of some object or picture
An attention-getting generalization
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An apologetic statement
Unrelated story or joke
A commonplace observation delivered in a
commonplace manner
A long or slow-moving statement or story
A trite question, such as “Did you ever stop to
think … ?”
Opening
Body
Conclusion
Main part
Three to five main ideas or facts
Small note cards, one per idea
Main points and sub points

Main point
 Subpoint
 Support material

Main point
 Subpoint
 Support material

Main point
 Subpoint
 Support material



Eating fruits and vegetables provides
nutrients your body needs to function.
Easting fruits and vegetables protects against
the effects of aging.
Eating fruits and vegetables reduces the risk
of cancer and heart disease.
Reasons for
illiteracy
Vicious cycle
of illiteracy
Solving
illiteracy by
education
Clarify
Prove
Emphasize



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
Statistics
Testimony
Examples, stories, anecdotes
Visual aids
Facts

“They contain carbohydrates, proteins and
fats the body uses to generate energy or
build cells.”

According to the findings of Prof. Chandra
Gunawardana, one out of four children
attribute absenteeism to economic reasons,
but only one out of six parents do so.
Although parents do not want to accept,
children suffer do to the family economic
situation.

Help audience move
smoothly from one
point to the next.
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
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
Afterwards
Also
But
Consequently
Consider
Finally
Instead
Later
Meanwhile

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
Moreover
Next
Than
Yet
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According to
As a result
For Example
For instance
In addition
Let’s begin with
More importantly
This means
To illustrate


“We must consider three things in developing
this new product. First is …. Second is …
.Third is ….”
“Illiteracy is real, but why does it continue? “
Opening
Body
Conclusion
Convey main points memorably.
Leave a lasting impression.
Suggest a course of action.
Final remark: challenge, question, anecdote or
quotation.
Opening
Body
Conclusion