Uptake of Ammonia by Four Aquatic Plant Species Team Bangladesh

Uptake of Ammonia by Four
Aquatic Plant Species
Team Swapnodorshi
Bangladesh
Content
Project Location
The Research Team
Rationale for Research
Existing Knowledge – Observations
Objectives
Hypothesis
Experiment Details
Results
Lessons Learnt
Acknowledgements
Project Location
Map of the World
Map of Bangladesh
Map of Chittagong
The Research Team
Researchers
Md. Abdullah Al Emon
Md. Rashed,
Md. Jobaer Uddin
Rezaul Karim
Mentor
Enayet Hossain
Research Associates
Tasmeena Sultana Yousuf
Md. Afnan Hossain
Name of the School: Alipur Rahmania High School
Class: X
Rationale
The humankind is living in a world of diminishing
resources.
Soil, water, forests, plants, and animals are
renewable resources as long as they are judiciously
used.
97% of the water on the Earth is salt water, and
only 3% is fresh water. Of the 3%, a two third is
frozen in glaciers and polar ice caps. The remaining
unfrozen freshwater is found mainly as
groundwater, with only a small fraction present
above ground.
Rationale
The world's supply of clean, fresh water is steadily
dwindling.
Major water sources are getting polluted.
The survivability of the life systems in many water
bodies is in jeopardy.
Impact of water pollution on human is very
apparent.
The depletion of Fresh water resources could very
well create the resource crisis of the 21st Century.
There will be wars for water rather for oil.
Rationale
Rapid population growth is adding to the water
problem.
Environmentally friendly technologies for water
management are needed.
Recycling wastewater generated in households and
discharged by industries will reduce water scarcity.
Ammonia is a major contaminant in many industrial
discharge, agricultural runoff, and human and animal
waste. It causes eutrophication in lakes and other
water bodies, and it is toxic to aquatic organisms.
There is need for ammonia removal from water.
Observation
Some plant species have the ability to uptake,
tolerate and even accumulate heavy metals and
other toxic substances from soil and water. They
uptake these contaminants through their roots and
concentrate them in roots, stems and leaves.
Hypothesis
Aquatic plants will uptake ammonia from
wastewater and, thus, clean the polluted water.
Objectives
To find out whether aquatic plants can uptake
ammonia from water.
To find out what plant species can remove
ammonia more efficiently from water.
The Experiment
An experiment was undertaken to study the
potential for removing ammonium by four aquatic
plant species:




Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)
Helencha (Enhydra fluctuans)
Kochu/Arum (Colocasia esculenta)
A plant with aerenchyma
Plants were collected from a water body near the University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Study Method
Research: Review of literature was done about the
role of aquatic weeds in wastewater treatment.
Survey: Local survey was conducted from January
to April 2011.
Plant Selection: Four aquatic plant species were
selected for the study. The plants were selected
because of their apparent resistant nature.
Rationale for Plant Selection: These plants were
seen growing vigorously in a water body where the
Department of Chemistry, University of Chittagong
discharges chemical wastes from the laboratory.
Plants for the Study
Photo 1: The water body from where the plants were collected
Plants for the Study
Photo 2: Research team members are collecting plants for the study
Plants for the Study
Photo 3: Kochu
(Colocasia esculenta)
Photo 4: Water hyacinth
(Eichhornia crassipes)
Plants for the Study
Photo 5: Helencha
(Enhydra fluctuans)
Photo 6: A plant having aerenchyma
Experimental Set-up
Five plastic troughs of 16-L capacity were taken.
The troughs were filled with 14 L distilled water
containing ammonium (NH4+ = 25 mg L-1).
Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) was used to make
ammonium solution.
The four test plants were readied for transfer into
individual plastic troughs.
The weight of the biomass plants was kept equal
(60 gm) for all plants. The biomass weight was
taken after keeping them on a filter paper to remove
excess water.
Plants were transferred to the troughs.
One plastic trough was kept as a control (not plants
but only ammonia water).
Experimental Set-up
Photo 7: Team members with the reactors
Experimental Set-up
Photo 8: Team members with the reactors
Ammonia Measurement
Ammonium concentration in water in the five
plastic troughs was measured after completion of
Day 1.
From then onwards ammonium concentrations
were measured at 3-day intervals up to Day 46.
After 46 days, the experiment was terminated.
BAKER TESTRIPS for Ammonium (NH4+) were
used for the ammonium measurement.
Ammonia Measurement
Photo 9: Ammonium was measured with BAKER TESTRIPS
Ammonia Measurement
Photo 10: Ammonia was measured with BAKER TESTRIPS
Results
NH4+ Concentration, mg
L-1
30
25
20
Control
15
Water Hyacinth
10
5
0
6
12
18
24
30
Days
Water Hyacinth
36
42
Kochu/Arum
48
30
NH4+ Concentration, mg
L-1
0
25
20
Control
15
Arum
10
5
0
0
6
12
18
24
30
36
42
Days
The graph are developed with the lower values of measured concentrations
48
Results
NH4+ Concentration, mg
L-1
30
25
20
Control
15
Helencha
10
5
0
6
12
18
24
Days
Helencha
30
36
42
Plant with aerenchyma
48
30
NH4+ Concentration, mg
L-1
0
25
20
Control
15
Plant w/aerenchyma
10
5
0
0
6
12
18
24
30
36
42
Days
The graph are developed with the lower values of measured concentrations
48
Summary of Results
Moderate to complete ammonium removal was
observed in planted systems.
There was no change in ammonium concentration
in the water where no plant was grown. So,
ammonia removing bacteria (nitrifiers) that could
have converted ammonia into nitrite and nitrate,
might have been absent.
It was concluded that there was no loss of
ammonia due to nitrification.
Changes in ammonium concentration were only
on account of plant uptake.
Helencha worked the best for ammonium removal.
Further studies may be needed.
What Have We Learnt
Aquatic plants can be used to remove
ammonia from polluted water.
The potential of different aquatic plants to
take up ammonia from water is not equal.
Acknowledgements
We are thankful to:
1.
WateRediscover International for organizing this program
2.
Dr. Achintya Bezbaruah
Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering
North Dakota State University
3.
Mohammad Jahidul Anar
Environmental and Conservation Science
North Dakota State University
4.
Tasmeena Sultana Yousuf
5.
Md. Afnan Hossain
THANK YOU ALL