1. science
2. medicine
3. veterinary medicine

THE FACULTY OF HEALTH AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN
CENTER FOR RESEARCH IN PIG PRODUCTION
AND HEALTH
Book of presentations of the 2nd CPH Pig seminar
January 28, 2015
Up to Date with Pig Research
Foto: SEGES, Videncenter for Svineproduktion
www.cphpig.ku.dk
Table of Contents
Preface ............................................................................................................................................................ iv
Programme ......................................................................................................................................................v
List of participants ......................................................................................................................................... vii
Key Lecture: Why is the production of slaughter pigs in Denmark decreasing? ........................................... 1
Session 1: Sows and Piglets ........................................................................................................................... 9
Cystitis in Danish sows at slaughter – prevalence and diagnosis ............................................................. 11
Physiological characteristics of high producing lactating Danish sows .................................................... 17
Early life nutrition, development and survival, - Experimental studies in neonatal piglets .................... 23
Sows in SWAP pens .................................................................................................................................. 29
Session 2: Growing Pigs ............................................................................................................................... 35
MRSA in livestock – facts and challenges ................................................................................................. 37
Genome-wide association study reveals a locus for nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in Danish
crossbred pigs ........................................................................................................................................... 47
A multi-dimensional dynamic linear model for monitoring growing pigs ................................................ 55
Prioritization of alarms from automatic monitoring systems in livestock production – a review ........... 59
Session 3: Prevention and Therapy ............................................................................................................. 65
Intestinal health in Danish weaners – treatment and control ................................................................. 67
Serotype-independent bacterial immunogens: an alternative vaccine's development against
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ............................................................................................................ 73
Natural plant compounds with immune-modulating and anti-parasitic activity; implications for pig
production ................................................................................................................................................ 79
Is vaccination an alternative to antimicrobial treatment in pig production? .......................................... 85
Session 4: Welfare ....................................................................................................................................... 93
Creating a Danish animal welfare index for pig production systems ....................................................... 95
A case-control behavioural study to determine the welfare burden of pigs naturally infected with
Taenia solium in Tanzania ........................................................................................................................ 97
Welfare assessment of finishing pigs from farm to slaughter ............................................................... 105
ii
iii
Preface
The Center for research in pig production and health – CPH Pig – enhances, consolidates and
raises the profile of pig production research. The importance of research and innovation for the
Danish pork industry has never been so crucial. The Danish pig producers have never seen such
tight financial pressures like those of the present moment. The production of finishers in
Denmark is declining as producers export a significant and increasing number of weaners to be
finished elsewhere in Europe. At the same time a major driver for changes in Danish pork
production, and hence the demands in research and innovation, is coming from the current
Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, animal rights groups, corporate supermarkets and
general consumers of pork. This has given a new focus on the requirement of knowledge,
particularly on increased productivity, survival among piglets, loose housing systems for lactating
sows, MRSA, reduction in antibiotic usage and objective measurements of animal welfare. With
this in mind, the research presentations of the CPH Pig seminar will cover four main themes:
“Sows and Piglets”, “Growing Pigs”, “Prevention and Therapy” and “Welfare”.
It is our hope that this second CPH Pig seminar will provide an excellent forum to present new
findings, foster in-depth discussions, and hopefully provide solutions to some of the industry’s
challenges.
The University of Copenhagen and CPH Pig are integral in the training of undergraduate and
postgraduate students and generating junior scientists who are essential to the future of the
industry. CPH Pig outwardly promotes the involvement of students and early-career scientists,
both public and privately funded, at the meeting. The seminar again has a considerable number
of young scientists attending and presenting their work and for many it will be their first
opportunity to interact with key industry figures and organisations.
CPH Pig has been well established since the start 18 months ago and it has been a great honour
to have contributed in facilitating the networking of many of those involved in pork production.
This seminar is possible because a dedicated group of individuals coordinated and arranged all
aspects of the event. We wish to thank everyone for their contribution and dedication. However,
most importantly, thank you for participating and making the seminar a great success. We hope
you will continue to be part of the future success of the center.
Hans Henrik Dietz
Chairman
Christian Fink Hansen
Center Director
iv
Programme
CPH Pig Seminar January 28, 2015
Up to Date with Pig Research
Time
9:00-9:10
Presenters
Asger Lundorff Jensen
Title
Welcome
Head of Department, Department of
Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences
9:10-9:30
Jacob Rasmussen
Why is the production of slaughter pigs in
Denmark decreasing?
Head of co-op supply at Danish Crown
Session 1: Sows and Piglets
Chair: Jens Peter Nielsen
9:30-9:45
Cystitis in Danish sows at slaughter –
prevalence and diagnosis
Physiological characteristics of high producing
lactating Danish sows
Early life nutrition, development and survival,
- Experimental studies in neonatal piglets
Sows in SWAP pens
Lola Tolstrup Leihardt,
Ph.D. Student, IPH
9:45-10:00
Anja Varmløse Strathe,
Ph.D. Student, IPH
10:00-10:15 Louise Langhorn,
Research Assistant, IKVH
10:15-10:30 Janni Hales Pedersen,
Ph.D. Student, IPH
10:30-11:00 MORNING TEA/COFFEE
Session 2: Growing Pigs
Chair: Henrik Elvang
11:00-11:15 Poul Bækbo,
MRSA in livestock – facts and challenges
Head of section, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ECPHM
Section for Veterinary R&D, Pig Research
Center, SEGES
11:15-11:30 Merete Fredholm,
Genome-wide association study reveals a
locus for nasal carriage of Staphylococcus
aureus in Danish crossbred pigs
A multi-dimensional dynamic linear model for
monitoring growing pigs
Prioritization of alarms from automatic
monitoring systems in livestock production – a
review
Professor, IKVH
11:30-11:45 Dan Børge Jensen,
Ph.D. Student, IPH
11:45-12:00 Katarina Nielsen Dominiak,
Ph.D. Student, IPH
12:00-13:00 LUNCH
v
Session 3: Prevention and Therapy
Chair: Anders Miki Boyesen
13:00-13:15 Nicolai Weber,
Intestinal health in Danish weaners –
treatment and control
Serotype-independent bacterial immunogens:
an alternative vaccine's development against
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Natural plant compounds with immunemodulating and anti-parasitic activity;
implications for pig production
Is vaccination an alternative to antimicrobial
treatment in pig production?
Ph.D. Student, IPH
13:15-13:30 Fabio Antenucci,
Ph.D. Student, IVS
13:30-13:45 Andrew Williams,
Post. Doc., IVS
13:45-14:00 Amanda Brinch Kruse,
Ph.D. Student, IPH
14:00-14:30 AFTERNOON TEA/COFFEE
Session 4: Welfare
Chair: Björn Forkman
14:30-14:45 Björn Forkman,
Creating a Danish animal welfare index for pig
production systems
A case-control behavioural study to determine
the welfare burden of pigs naturally infected
with Taenia solium in Tanzania
Welfare assessment of finishing pigs from
farm to slaughter
Professor, IPH
14:45-15:00 Chiara Trevisan,
Ph.D. Student, IVS
15:00-15:15 Pia Brandt,
Ph.D. Student, Danish Meat Research
Institute and Aarhus University
15:15-15:30 Christian Fink Hansen
Concluding remarks
www.cphpig.ku.dk
vi
List of participants
Adam Gjøttrup Kristensen
Adriaan Van Den Bogert
Amalie M. G. Sell
Amanda Brinch Kruse
Ana Carolina Antunes
Anders Daniel Andersen
Anders Elvstrøm
Anders Miki Boyesen
Anders Strathe
Andrew Williams
Anita Strøm Pedersen
Anja Varmløse Strathe
Anne Mette Strunz Hanl
Anne Schultz
Anne Wolfenberg
Anne-Helene Tauson
Annette Bech
Arne M. Hansen
Arne Ringsing
Arshnee Moodley
Asger Lundorf Jensen
Bent-Ole Andersen
Besnard Jean-Charles
Bigitte J. Vennervald
Björn Forkman
Bonnie Edahl Hoelstad
Camilla Birkegård
Camilla Kaae Højgaard
Carina Schmitt
Carsten Rasmussen
Charlotte Mark Salomonsen
Charlotte Sonne Kristensen
Chiara Trevisan
Christian Fink Hansen
Christina Fensholt Hansen
Christina Johansen
Christine Hellner
Cilie Kærgaard Hansen
Claus B Larsen
Laborantstuderende, IVS, KU-SUND
Technical Commercial Graduate, Cargill Animal Nutrition
Cand.scient & adjunkt, EASJ, Campus Slagelse
PhD Student, IPH, KU-SUND
PhD Student, DTU Vet
MSc, PhD, KU-SCIENCE
Svinefagdyrlæge/ DVM, Swine health certified, Svinepraksis.dk
Professor, IVS, KU-SUND
Post Doc, IKVH, KU-SUND
Post. Doc., IVS, KU-SUND
cand.med.vet, Vet.afd.Nord, Fødevarestyrelsen
PhD Student, IPH, KU-SUND
DVM, Hipra Danmark
Stud.med.vet, KU-SUND
Cand. Agro., Effektivt Landbrug
Professor, IKVH, KU-SUND
Cand Med Vet, Elanco
cand.polit, KU
Produktchef, Danish Agro
Lektor, IVS, KU-SUND
Head of Department, IKVH, KU-SUND
Kommunikationsmedarbejder, IPH, KU-SUND
Swine Nutritionist, CCPA - France
Professor, IVS, KU-SUND
Professor, IPH, KU-SUND
B.Sc.med.vet, KU-SUND
PhD Studerende, DTU Veterinærinstituttet
Organizing Committee, CPH Pig
Optimization, ATR Landhandel DK ApS
Cand. Agro, Skov A/S
Cand. med. Vet, Videncenter for Svineproduktion, SEGES
Cand.med.vet, Videncenter for Svineproduktion, SEGES
Ph.D. Student, IVS, KU-SUND
Associate Professor IPH, KU-SUND, Center Director, CPH Pig
Produktkonsulent/Product Consultant, ATR Landhandel DK ApS
Student, KU-SUND
BSc.stud. Animal Science, KU-SCIENCE
Stud med vet, KU-SUND
Cand. med. vet., Boehringer-Ingelheim
vii
Claus B. Jørgensen
Claus Heisel
Cyrielle Elyette Fougeroux
Dan Børge Jensen
Danielle Petersen
Desiree Martin Jurado
Else Marie Overlund Andersen
Erik Dam Jensen
Erik Nielsen
Fabio Antenucci
Flemming Bolø
Haja Kadarmideen
Hanne Justesen
Hans Aarestrup
Heidi Bredberg Petersen
Heidi Brisk
Heidi Gumpert
Helle Pelant Lahrmann
Helle Stege
Henrik Bech Pedersen
Henrik Elvang
Inge Larsen
Inger Morthorst Møller
Jacob Dall
Jacob Rasmussen
Jan Kristensen
Janni Hales Pedersen
Jeanne Wirenfeldt Johannesen
Jens Frederik Agger
Jens Kongensholm
Jens Lauesen
Jens Legarth
Jens Noesgaard Jørgensen
Jens Peter Nielsen
Jens Svendgaard
Jens Sørensen
Jesper Poulsen
Johanna Zingmark
Johannes Barslund
John Haugegaard
Josefine Lindegaard
Julie Fabricius Faustrup
Professor, IKVH, KU-SUND
Chefdyrlæge, LVK
PhD student, KU-Sund
PhD Student, IPH, KU-SUND
BSc. stud. Animal Science, KU-SCIENCE
Veterinarian, Andrimner a/s
DVM Veterinarian, SvineVet Haderslev
Chefkonsulent, Cand. Agro, HEDEGAARD Agro
Produktchef, Danish Agro
Ph.D. Student, IVS, KU-SUND
Cand. Agro, Svineopti
Professor, IKVH, KU-SUND
Cand. Agro, Erhversakademi Sjælland
Direktør, Danske Svineproducenter
Stud. med. Vet, KU-SUND
DVM, Research Assistat, IPH, KU-SUND
MSc, BCS, KU-SUND
Cand. Agro., Videncenter for Svineproduktion, SEGES
Associate Professor, IPH, KU-SUND
Konsulent, PA., Merial Norden
Professor, IVS, KU-SUND
Cand.Med.Vet, PhD stud., IPH, KU-SUND
Stud.med.vet, KU-SUND
Chiefnutritionist, pigs, Vitfoss
Head of co-op supply, Danish Crown
Faglig Chef, DLG
PhD Student, IPH, KU-SUND
Stud. Animal Science, KU-SUND
Assoc. Professor, IPH, KU-SUND
Salgschef SPF-DK, SPF-Danmark
Distriktschef, ATR-Landhandel
CEO, European Protein
PhD, Product Manager, Chr Hansen A/S
Professor, IPH, KU-SUND
Fodringskonsulent, Dansk Vilomix A/S
Svinefagdyrlæge, Svinepraksis DK
Cand.agro, Videncenter for Svineproduktion, SEGES
BSc, Orion Pharma AH
Cand Agro, 3S
DVM, MSD ah
BSc. stud. Animal Science, KU-SCIENCE
BSc. stud. Animal Science, KU-SCIENCE
viii
Julie Krogsdahl
Julie Lynegaard
Jörgen Lindahl
Jørgen Westergaard
Karina Ryom
Karl Kristian Kongsted
Karoline Sidelmann Brinch
Katarina Nielsen Dominiak
Kathrine Poll
Katrine Mørup Jepsen
Ken Steen Pedersen
Kirsten Jensen
Kirsten Volmer Larsen
Kjetil Johansen
Knud Just Rasmussen
Knud Poulsen
Kristian T. Havn
Lars Kristian Clausen
Lars Kunstmann
Lars Naursgaard
Lars Sangill Andersen
Lea Hübertz
Leif Meedom
Lena Martin
Lissi Karlsen
Liza Rosenbaum Nielsen
Lola Tolstrup Leihardt
Lorena Perez Esteruelas
Louise
Louise Autzen
Louise Holm Parby
Louise Langhorn
Malene Nielsen
Margit Andreasen
Marie Erika Busch
Marie Stengaard Jensen
Markku Johansen
Marlene Kirchner
Marta Krasnodebska
Martin Lauridsen
Martin Rasmussen
Merete Fredholm
Stud. Animal Science, KU-SUND
BSc. stud. Animal Science, KU-SCIENCE
DVM, Distriktsveterinärerna / Ö-VET
Dyrlæge, Ph.D., Dip. T.V.M, ADC-Consult
BSc.med.vet, KU-SUND
Inspector at Norwegian Food Safety Authority
DVM, PhD, Novozymes
PhD Student, IPH, KU-SUND
Cand. Med. Vet., Orion Pharma Animal Health
Produktudviklingskonsulent, R2 Agro A/S
Adm. Direktør, Ø-vet A/S
Cand. Med. Vet, Elanco
Cand. Med. Vet., HIPRA Danmark
Cand. med. vet., LVK
Senior Consultant, BrasilEuropa Consultas
Professor Emeritus, IKVH, KU-SUND
Cand.med.vet. Svinefagdyrlæge, Svinevet
Landbrugstekniker, Faglærer, Vilvorde | Roskilde Tekniske Skole
Cand. med. vet., Huvepharma
Businees Manager, SCA Danmark
Cand Agro, Hamlet Protein A/S
BSc. Animal Science, Videncenter for Svineproduktion, SEGES
Dyrlæge, Huvepharma NV
PhD (Animal Nutrition), Postdoc, KU-SCIENCE
Cand. Med. Vet, Sekretariatet for Det Veterinære Sundhedsråd
DVM, PhD, DrVetSci, IPH, KU-SUND
PhD Student, IPH, KU-SUND
Veterinarian, Andrimner a/s
BSc. med. Vet, KU-SUND
Stud.med.vet, KU-SUND
Specialkonsulent, Fødevarestyrelsen
Research Assistant, IKVH
BSc.stud.Animal science, KU-SCIENCE
Teknisk/Regulatorisk chef, Veterinærmedicinsk Industriforening
Cand. med. vet., Videncenter for Svineproduktion, SEGES
Cand. Scient, DTU Fødevareinstituttet
Dyrlæge, Videncenter for Svineproduktion, SEGES
Assistant Professor, IPH, KU-SUND
Stud.Animal Science, KU-SUND
Direktør/Manager, ATR Landhandel DK ApS
Dyrlægestuderende, KU-SUND
Professor, IKVH, KU-SUND
ix
Mette Fertner
Mette Hillersborg
Mette Olaf Nielsen
Mette Schmidt
Morten Thomsen
Nadia Jakobsen
Nana Dupont
Nicolai Weber
Niels-Erik Manniche
Nils Toft
Nis Hybjerg Kjer
Olga Fredborg Nielsen
Per Nielsen
Per Runge
Peter Astrup
Peter Høgedal
Pia Brandt
Poul Bækbo
Preben Mortensen
Päivi Worsøe
Rene Rolsner
Rikke Ingeman Svarrer
Rikke Lassen Jensen
Rikke Søgaard
Sadhana Adhikary
Sarah Mortensen
Sheeva Bhattarai
Simon Smed Sørensen
Susanna Cirera
Sven Erik Lind Jorsal
Svetloza B. Stoyanov
Søren Hertel
Thomas Særkjær
Thomas Sønderby Bruun
Tina Sørensen
Tong Li
Torben Hjorth
Torben Jensen
Torben Skov Ancker
Trine Christner Månsson
Troels Olesen
Vibe Dalhoff Andersen
PhD student, DTU vet
Dyrlæge, Ceva Animal Health
PMSO, IKVH, KU-SUND
Cand med vet, lektor, IPH, KU-SUND
Journalist, cand. agro., LandbrugsMedierne
BSc.stud. Animal Science, KU-SCIENCE
Ph.d. student, IPH, KU-SUND
PhD Student, IPH, KU-SUND
Cand.med.vet., PHARManniche
Professor, DTU Veterinærinstituttet
Optimeringschef, ATR Landhandel DK ApS
Stud.med.vet, KU-SUND
Adjunk, IPH, KU-SUND
Sales Manager, Vestjyllands Andel
DVM, MSD Animal Health
Dyrlæge, LVK
Ph.D. Student, Danish Meat Research Institute and Aarhus University
Head of section,Section for Veterinary R&D, Pig Research Center, SEGES
Cand. Med Vet, Merial
DVM, PhD student, KU-SUND
DVM, Scanvet
Cand. Agro, Videncenter for Svineproduktion, SEGES
Cand. scinet. Animal Science, Danish Crown
Dyrlæge, Hipra Danmark
PhD student, IVS, KU-SUND
Stud.med.vet, KU-SUND
Scientific assistant, IPH KU-SUND
Stud.med.vet, KU-SUND
Associate Professor, IKVH, KU-SUND
Cand.Med.Vet., Seniorrådgiver, DTU Veterinærinstituttet
Veterinarian, Manex sun
General Manager, Andrimner
Salgschef, Big Dutchman (Skandinavien) A/S
Cand. Agro, Videncenter for Svineproduktion, SEGES
Stud. Animal Science, KU-SUND
Posdoc, IKVH, KU-SUND
Distriktschef/District Manager, ATR Landhandel DK ApS
Produktchef, Vestjyllands Andel
Cand. Agro, Hornsyld Købmandsgaard a/s
Veterinary, LVK
Cand. Agro, Dansk Vilomix A/S
PhD Student, DTU
x
Villy Schrøder Jørgensen
Vivi Aarestrup Moustsen
Yu Zhang
Distriktschef Svin, ATR Landhandel APS
Chefforsker, Videncenter for Svineproduktion, SEGES
PhD Student, IKVH, KU-SUND
xi
Key Lecture: Why is the production of slaughter pigs in
Denmark decreasing?
By Jacob Rasmussen, Head of co-op supply, Danish Crown
1
___________________________________
___________________________________
Why is the production of slaughter
pigs in Denmark decreasing?
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Jacob Rasmussen
Danish Crown
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Increase in piglet production –
decrease in finisher production
___________________________________
30.000.000
Antal
Eksport (Slagtesvin)
Eksport (Smågrise)
Slagtninger i Danmark
___________________________________
25.000.000
___________________________________
20.000.000
___________________________________
___________________________________
15.000.000
___________________________________
___________________________________
Answer
___________________________________
The competitiveness is stronger
in competing countries!
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
2
___________________________________
What is competitiveness?
___________________________________
Ability to generate profit.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
What defines profit in the Danish
pig sector? (slaughter pigs)
Competing
value
chains
Farm
cost
structure
___________________________________
___________________________________
Cost
structure
in Danish
Crown
___________________________________
___________________________________
Efficient
sales
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
EU expanded in 2004 and 2007
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
3
___________________________________
Low wages
___________________________________
Index: 100= DKK 270 (Horsens)
___________________________________
100
85
___________________________________
-66%
___________________________________
34
27
20
Denmark
Sweden
Germany
UK
Poland
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Danish Crown changed the cost structure
Tulip:
DC Pork
Sdr. Felding (Udbening)
Nørresundby (Slagtninger)
Ebeltoft (Udbening)
Slagelse (Udbening)
Bjerringbro (Slagtninger)
Hjørring (Slagtninger)
Gl. Horsens (Slagtninger)
Odense (Slagtninger)
Grindsted (Slagtninger)
Vejle (Udbening)
Viborg (Udbening)
Skive (Slagtninger)
Hurup (Udbening)
Vojens (Slagtninger)
Nykøbing Mors (Udbening)
Holstebro (Natholdet)
Holstebro (Dagholdet)
Rødding (Udbening)
Esbjerg (Nathold)
Esbjerg
Sæby (søer)
Fåborg
2003
2003
2003
2004
2004
2004
2005
2006
2006
2006
2007
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
2009
2010
2012
2014
2016
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Brønderslev
Ebeltoft
Borring
Vejle Havn
Odense
Ringsted
Viby
Brabrand
Sdr. Borup
2003
2003
2003/04
2004
2004
2005
2005
2007
2010
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
New
•
•
•
•
Oldenburg
Boizenburg
Polen
England
2004, 2009, 2010
2004
2004 og 2006
2003, 2004 og 2007
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
A necessary change
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
4
___________________________________
What defines profit in the Danish
pig sector? (slaughter pigs)
Competing
value
chains
Farm
cost
structure
___________________________________
___________________________________
Cost
structure
in Danish
Crown
___________________________________
___________________________________
Efficient
sales
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Efficient sales
___________________________________
Processing
___________________________________
Specialized cuts and market access
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
DC Foods
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
5
___________________________________
What defines profit in the Danish
pig sector? (slaughter pigs)
Competing
value
chains
___________________________________
___________________________________
Cost
structure
in Danish
Crown
Farm
cost
structure
___________________________________
___________________________________
Efficient
sales
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Cost of slaughter pigs
___________________________________
Euro/kg
___________________________________
2,5
2
___________________________________
1,5
1
0,5
0
Same piglet cost,
worse competitiveness
___________________________________
___________________________________
Interpig 2013
___________________________________
___________________________________
What defines profit in the Danish
pig sector? (slaughter pigs)
Competing
value
chains
Farm
cost
structure
___________________________________
___________________________________
Cost
structure
in Danish
Crown
___________________________________
___________________________________
Efficient
sales
___________________________________
___________________________________
6
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
EU regulations
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Why is the production of slaughter
pigs in Denmark decreasing?
Competing
value
chains
Farm
cost
structure
___________________________________
___________________________________
Cost
structure
in Danish
Crown
___________________________________
___________________________________
Efficient
sales
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Improvement of 1.200 mill. DKK annually
___________________________________
___________________________________
Farm efficiency
(400 mill. DKK)
Danish Crown
(400 mill. DKK)
Government
(200 mill. DKK)
Employees
(200 mill. DKK)
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
18
___________________________________
7
___________________________________
Questions
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
8
Session 1: Sows and Piglets
9
10
Cystitis in Danish sows at slaughter – prevalence and
diagnosis
By Lola Tolstrup Leihardt, Ph.D. Student, IPH
11
___________________________________
Urinary tract infections in culled sows.
-
Bacteriuria and pathologic lesions in full and empty bladders.
___________________________________
___________________________________
PhD-title:
“Urinary tract infections in sows - Occurrence,
importance, diagnosis and treatment”
___________________________________
___________________________________
Lola Tolstrup Leihardt
DVM, PhD student
___________________________________
___________________________________
”Enhedens
Introduction
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
UC Care: University of Copenhagen Research
Center for Control of Antibiotic Resistance.
___________________________________
Work package 4: Diagnostic of urinary tract infections
• human, dogs og swine.
___________________________________
___________________________________
Supervisors:
Jens Peter Nielsen (Professor, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ECPHM)
Ken Steen Pedersen (CEO OE-Vet A/S, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ECPHM)
Luca Guardabassi (Professor, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ECVPH)
___________________________________
___________________________________
Master student:
Sarah Mortensen (cand.med.vet)
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
Introduction
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
Aim:
To optimize the use of antibiotics for urinary tract infections (UTI) in sows, by
providing evidence based protocols for diagnosing UTI.
___________________________________
___________________________________
Main focus: cystitis.
___________________________________
Objective:
___________________________________
To investigate the prevalence of, and associations between, bacteriuria and
pathologic changes in the bladders of culled sows.
___________________________________
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
12
Background
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Figure 1: Antimicrobial consumption by indication for sows, Denmark. Modified from DANMAP,
2011.
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
Materials and methods
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
• Culled sows – Danish Crown in Skaerbaek
___________________________________
• 176 Bladders with urine
• Urine is collected by cystocentesis
___________________________________
• Urine culture
___________________________________
• Macroscopic organ examination
• (histology)
___________________________________
• Master project
___________________________________
• 67 empty bladders
___________________________________
• Culture, macroscopic examination
og ”Enhedens
Data collection
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
pictures by Lola Tolstrup Leihardt
13
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
Preliminary results
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
Results
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
Prevalence – species
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
Samples total
Full bladders
n
% af pos.
176
___________________________________
___________________________________
Culture positve
72
E.coli
43
75*
___________________________________
___________________________________
Empty bladders
67
Culture positive
51
E.coli
50
___________________________________
98*
* Significant difference
og ”Enhedens
14
___________________________________
Prevalence – pathology
Positive
% of all bladders*
Full bladders
Hyperaemia
96
63
Tekst starter uden
- slightly
63
41
- extensive
33
22
Concrements
Pus
45
19
29
Hyperaemia
46
67
12
Empty bladders
og ”Enhedens
*none
- slightly
30
45
- extensive
16
24
Concrements
13
19
Pus
11
16
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
is significant
Resistance
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
•
Resistance evaluation of all isolates
•
Sensititre plates
•
ESBL
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
Perspective
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
• 30-75 % prevalence of bacteriuria – importance?
•
•
•
___________________________________
Poor reproduction?
Lower welfare of the sows?
(mis)use of antibiotics?
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
15
Perspective
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
THANKS!
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Questions?
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
16
Physiological characteristics of high producing lactating
Danish sows
By Anja Varmløse Strathe, Ph.D. Student, IPH
17
Department of Large Animal Science
___________________________________
___________________________________
Physiological characteristics of
lactating high producing Danish sows
___________________________________
Anja Varmløse Strathe
___________________________________
[email protected]
Department of Large Animal Science
___________________________________
___________________________________
”Enhedens
___________________________________
Copenhagen January 28th
Slide 1
Department of Large Animal Science
___________________________________
Introduction
Tekst starter uden
PhD-project:
HIPROSOW: High prolific sows and vital piglets –
new protein requirements
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Supervisors:
Christian Fink Hansen, IPH, KU
Anne-Helene Tauson, IKVH, KU
Thomas Sønderby Bruun, Danish Pig Research Centre, SEGES
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
___________________________________
Copenhagen January 28th
Slide 2
Department of Large Animal Science
___________________________________
Background
Tekst starter uden
• Genetic improvements -> high prolific sows
What is the right balance between body
• Larger litters and higher litter gains
What ismobilization
the connection
and between
milk production?
fat and protein
• Great demand for nutrients for milk production
metabolism during mobilization?
For many years: zero weight loss is best
For many years:
Body
protein
But is the
Energy
metabolism
deficit
->
of fat
the
mobilization
sow and
more efficient
Diet
fat mobilization
Protein deficit
when
->catabolic?
protein
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
When But
is body
it is mobilization
not that simple!
harmfull?
Milk
production
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
___________________________________
Copenhagen January 28th
Slide 3
18
Department of Large Animal Science
___________________________________
Background
• More information on the high prolific sow is needed!
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
• A trial was carried out to test effects of different
dietary Valine-to-lysine ratios for lactating sows.
___________________________________
• No effects of dietary treatment -> data was pooled
• Characterisation of the high producing sow
= sow with high litter gain/milk yield
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Copenhagen January 28th
Slide 4
Department of Large Animal Science
___________________________________
Data collection
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
•
•
•
Conducted in a Danish farm
565 lactating sows (parity 1 to 4)
Experimental period: d -7 to d 26 post-partum
•
Sows were allotted to one of six diets from d 2:
___________________________________
___________________________________
Diet
og ”Enhedens
1
2
3
4
5
6
Composition
Energy, MJ ME/kg
Crude protein, %
Standard digestible lysine, g/kg
13.0
14.2
7.1
13.0
14.2
7.1
13.0
14.2
7.1
13.0
14.2
7.1
13.0
14.2
7.1
13.0
14.2
7.1
___________________________________
Standard digestible valine, g/kg
5.4
5.6
5.8
6.1
6.5
6.9
___________________________________
___________________________________
Copenhagen January 28th
Slide 5
Department of Large Animal Science
___________________________________
Measurements – all sows (565)
Tekst starter uden
Day -7
• Body weight sow
Day 2
• Standardization of
___________________________________
Day 26
• Weaning
litter to 14 piglets
• Back fat sow
• Litter weight
• Body weight sow
• Back fat sow
___________________________________
• Litter weight
• Body weight sow
___________________________________
• Back fat sow
___________________________________
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Copenhagen January 28th
Slide 6
19
Department of Large Animal Science
___________________________________
Measurement – subsample of 72 second parity sows
Tekst starter uden
Day 2
Day 10
Day 17
___________________________________
Day 26
• Blood sample
• Blood sample
• Blood sample
• Blood sample
• Urine sample
• Urine sample
• Urine sample
• Urine sample
• Litter weight
• Milk sample
• Litter weight
___________________________________
___________________________________
• Body weight sow
• Back fat sow
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Copenhagen January 28th
Slide 7
og ”Enhedens
Department of Large Animal Science
___________________________________
Summary of data
Tekst starter uden
Measurement
Mean
Parity
Litter size weaning
___________________________________
SD
2.5
1.0
13.0
1.1
Feed intake, kg/d
6.1
0.7
Litter gain, kg/d
2.9
0.5
___________________________________
Milk yield, kg/d
11.3
1.4
BW change d 2 to 26, kg
-22.1
12.7
BF change d 2 to 26, mm
-2.9
1.7
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Copenhagen January 28th
Slide 8
og ”Enhedens
Department of Large Animal Science
___________________________________
Results: feed intake, back fat and sow BW
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
Litter
gain,
kg/d
Littergain,
gain,kg/d
kg/d
Litter
___________________________________
4.0 P<0.001
4.0 4.0
P<0.001
5
3.5
3.5 3.5
r=0.48
r=0.46
4
Litter gain, kg/d
3.0
3.0 3.0
___________________________________
3
2.5
2.5 2.5
2.0
2
2.0 2.0
1.5
1
1.5 1.5
1.0
0
1.0 1.0
-40
-20
3
-40 -2
4
P<0.001
7
6
5 r=0.42
3
4 40 605 80
6
BW
-20 0loss, kg
0Feed
20 4 kg/d
40 6
2 intake,
0
20
___________________________________
8
7
___________________________________
60 8
BW loss,
kg mm
Back
fat loss,
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Copenhagen January 28th
Slide 9
20
Department of Large Animal Science
___________________________________
Results – plasma creatinine
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
High
creatinine -> muscle break down
Litterplasma
gain, kg/d
4.0
___________________________________
3.5
Both 3.0
protein AND fat mobilization is required for high ADG
___________________________________
2.5
P<0.01
r = 0.34
2.0
___________________________________
1.5
High muscle
mobilization
->160higher 180
litter gain
120
140
___________________________________
Plasma creatinine, µmol/L
___________________________________
Copenhagen January 28th
Slide 10
og ”Enhedens
Department of Large Animal Science
___________________________________
Results: Differences between parities
Tekst starter uden
Milk yield,
kg/d
First parity vs. Multiparous
sows
___________________________________
Milk yield, kg/d
14
12
• Lower milk yield -> Lower litter gain
• Lower intake
Litter
gain, kg/d
• Lower
BW loss
• Same back fat loss
___________________________________
10
8
6
1
2
3
4
3.5
ADG, kg/d
___________________________________
Parity
4.0
___________________________________
3.0
2.5
2.0
• More nutrients are used for body growth
1.5
1.0
1
2
3
___________________________________
4
Parity
og ”Enhedens
Copenhagen January
Slide 11
___________________________________
28th
Department of Large Animal Science
Results- Litter gain and output of milk nutrients
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
Litter gain, kg/d
Litter gain, kg/d
4.0
4.0
4.0
___________________________________
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
___________________________________
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
P<0.001
P<0.001
P<0.001
r=0.45
r=0.49
r=0.64
2.0
2.0
2.0
___________________________________
1.5
1.5
1.5
400
200600
200
800
400
1000600
1200
1400
800
400
600
Fat output
milk,
g/dg/d
Protein
output
milk,
800
___________________________________
1600
1000
1000
Lactose output milk, g/d
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Copenhagen January 28th
Slide 12
21
Department of Large Animal Science
___________________________________
What is next?
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
Effects of feed intake, body mobilization
and litter gain during lactation on:
___________________________________
• Weaning-to-estrus interval
• Litter size in next reproductive cycle
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Copenhagen January 28th
Slide 13
Department of Large Animal Science
___________________________________
Conclusions
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
Characteristics of the high producing sow:
• High milk yield
• High output of nutrients in milk
___________________________________
• High feed intake
AND
• High BW loss
• Loss of both body fat and protein
• 2.-3. parity
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Copenhagen January 28th
Slide 14
Department of Large Animal Science
___________________________________
Questions?
Ny slide og klik på
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
”Enhedens
___________________________________
Copenhagen January 28th
Slide 15
22
Early life nutrition, development and survival, Experimental studies in neonatal piglets
By Louise Langhorn, Research Assistant, IKVH
23
Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition
___________________________________
___________________________________
Early life nutrition, development and survival
- experimental studies in neonatal piglets
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Louise Langhorn, DVM, Research Assistant
Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition
Dept. Clinical Veterinary and Animal Science
University of Copenhagen
”Enhedens
___________________________________
___________________________________
Cph Pig Seminar 2015
Slide 1
Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
Clinical and experimental nutrition during
different phases of life
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Fetus
Preterm
Term
___________________________________
Weaning
Malnutrition
Obesity
og ”Enhedens
Cph Pig Seminar 2015
Slide 2
___________________________________
Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition
NEOMUNE 2013-2018:
Milk and microbiota effects on
immunity, gut and brain development
___________________________________
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
Neuroendocrine
signalling
___________________________________
Dietary &
bacterial
metabolites
___________________________________
___________________________________
Immune &
inflammatory
mediators
og ”Enhedens
Immunological
& neuro-trophic
milk factors
___________________________________
___________________________________
Cph Pig Seminar 2015
Slide 3
24
Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition
___________________________________
___________________________________
www.neomune.ku.dk
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Cph Pig Seminar 2015
Slide 4
Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition
___________________________________
Parenteral nutrition during
fetal life
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Preterm piglets
derived by
caesarian section
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
___________________________________
Cph Pig Seminar 2015
Slide 5
Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition
___________________________________
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
Umbilical artery
catheterization
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Cph Pig Seminar 2015
Slide 6
25
Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition
___________________________________
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Preterm pig
Colostrum
Preterm pig - Formula
NEC
___________________________________
Main risk factors of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC):
Prematurity, formula nutrition and gut colonization
Cph Pig Seminar 2015
Slide 7
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition
___________________________________
The role of gut microorganisms
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Prematurity + formula + germ free => no NEC
Sangild et al. 2006. Gastroenterology.
___________________________________
Prematurity + formula + antibiotics => reduced NEC
Jensen et al. 2013, Am. J. Physiol
Cph Pig Seminar 2015
Slide 8
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition
___________________________________
Does the route of administration matter?
Oral vs systemic prophylactic antibiotics in preventing NEC
Tekst starter uden
NEC incidence
___________________________________
100
80
10/16
___________________________________
10/17
%
60
___________________________________
___________________________________
40
20
0/16
PO
IA
___________________________________
C
on
tro
l
0
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Cph Pig Seminar 2015
Slide 9
26
Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition
___________________________________
Dietary effects on gut health in early life
Tekst starter uden
Amniotic fluid
Regulatory
peptides
Caesarean section
vs vaginal delivery
___________________________________
___________________________________
Protein
Germ free /
antimicrobials
___________________________________
___________________________________
Carbohydrate
Pro- and
prebiotics
Lactose >>>
maltodextrin
Enteral/parenteral
___________________________________
Cph Pig Seminar 2015
Slide 10
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Fecal transplantation
Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition
First nutrition after term and preterm birth
- What are the long term consequenses ?
Tekst starter uden
Body
weight (g)
___________________________________
Term-BC
Term-TPN
Preterm-BC
Preterm-TPN
3500
3000
2500
___________________________________
Whole milk
powder
___________________________________
Raw bovine
milk
Bovine
colostrum
2000
___________________________________
___________________________________
1500
1000
___________________________________
500
0
og ”Enhedens
5
Cph Pig Seminar 2015
Slide 11
10
15
20
25
___________________________________
Postnatal age, days
Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition
___________________________________
Upcoming study
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
Preterm birth
Cortisol adm.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
• Prenatal cortisol administration
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Cph Pig Seminar 2015
Slide 12
27
Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
Thanks!
___________________________________
Questions or comments?
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Cph Pig Seminar 2015
Slide 13
28
Sows in SWAP pens
By Janni Hales Pedersen, Ph.D. Student, IPH
29
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Sows in SWAP pens
Sow Welfare And Piglet protection
___________________________________
Janni Hales Pedersen
PhD student
___________________________________
Department of Large Animal Sciences
[email protected]
___________________________________
January 2015
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Background
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
Danish industry
• 10 % loose housed lactating sows
___________________________________
Loose housed sows is a challenge
___________________________________
Temporary confinement
• Only use confinement when needed
___________________________________
Maximise piglet survival
___________________________________
Minimise impact on sow welfare
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
The SWAP pen
FF = Free Farrowing
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
SWAP = Sow Welfare And
Piglet protection
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
30
___________________________________
Experiment
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
Period
Housing
Placement to gestation d 114
___________________________________
Loose
Gestation d 114 to farrowing
Loose
Loose
Confined
Farrowing to lactation d 4
Loose
Confined
Confined
Lactation d 4 to d 7
Loose
Loose
Confined
LL
LC
CC
Treatment
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Experiment
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
Production herd
•
700 litters/treatment
___________________________________
Productivity
•
Piglet mortality
•
Post mortem examination
___________________________________
___________________________________
Sow measurements
•
Saliva cortisol (48 sows/treatment)
•
Behaviour (20 sows/treatment)
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Piglet mortality
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
a
a
Total mortality
b
___________________________________
Crushed
x
y
___________________________________
z
___________________________________
Batches:
58
56
59
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
31
___________________________________
Live born mortality
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
Before equalisation, %
a
Equalisation to day 4, %
a
a
___________________________________
b
c
b
___________________________________
___________________________________
n=682
n=668
n=658
n=682
n=668
n=658
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Saliva cortisol
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Behaviour
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
Postural changes, no/interval
___________________________________
___________________________________
Rolling, no/interval
___________________________________
Treatment ×Time: P = 0.02
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Treatment×Day: P < 0.001
32
___________________________________
Standing and lying
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
Standing, min/interval
Lateral lying, min/interval
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Treatment×Time: P < 0.01
Treatment: P=0.66
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Conclusions
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
Confinement in SWAP pens
• Improved piglet survival
___________________________________
• Increased risk of mortality from birth to equalisation
• Decreased saliva cortisol
___________________________________
• Influence on sow behaviour
___________________________________
• Less rolling
___________________________________
More to come…
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Thank you for your attention!!!
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
33
34
Session 2: Growing Pigs
35
36
MRSA in livestock – facts and challenges
By Poul Bækbo, Head of section, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ECPHM, Section for
Veterinary R&D, Pig Research Center, SEGES
37
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Poul Baekbo
Head of section, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ECPHM
Section for Veterinary R&D
___________________________________
___________________________________
MRSA IN LIVESTOCK
FACTS & CHALLENGES
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
PRESENTATION
___________________________________
● SEGES
___________________________________
● Danish pig production
___________________________________
● MRSA CC398 in Denmark
● The strategy on MRSA by The Pig Research Centre
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
ABOUT SEGES
___________________________________
The Knowledge Centre for Agriculture and the Danish Pig
Research Centre have merged to one company with effect from
1 January 2015. SEGES is our new company name
___________________________________
SEGES
___________________________________
●
●
●
●
About 650 employees
Locations in Agro Food Park near Aarhus and on Axeltorv in
Copenhagen. Laboratories, research farms etc. in Kjellerup
and Vejen
Annual turnover is about one billion DKK
SEGES is owned by the Danish Agriculture & Food Council
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
38
___________________________________
ORGANISATIONAL CHART
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
4...|
22 January, 2015
___________________________________
PIG RESEARCH CENTRE
___________________________________
● Financed by Danish pig farmers
___________________________________
● Responsible for research and knowledge
transfer to the Danish pig industry
___________________________________
● Trials for 20 million Euro per year
(100 R&D persons)
___________________________________
● Operating in 200 commercial farms
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
PRESENTATION
___________________________________
● SEGES
___________________________________
● Danish pig production
___________________________________
● MRSA CC398 in Denmark
● The strategy on MRSA by The Pig Research Centre
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
39
___________________________________
DANISH PIG PRODUCTION
___________________________________
31 million pigs produced per year
___________________________________
‒ 20 mill slaughtered
● Export of 2 mill tons of pork per year
___________________________________
‒ Export of 11 mill weaners
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
PRESENTATION
___________________________________
● SEGES
___________________________________
● Danish pig production
___________________________________
● MRSA CC398 in Denmark
● The strategy on MRSA by The Pig Research Centre
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
___________________________________
50% of the human population are carriers of Staph.
___________________________________
‒ 25% are permanent carriers
‒ 50% will be infected during the day
___________________________________
‒ 25% are never infected
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
40
___________________________________
MRSA 398 = LIVESTOCK ASS.
___________________________________
Methicillin Resistent Staphylococcus aureus
___________________________________
Danish PIG isolates LA-MRSA
● All tetracyklin-resistent
● Some are multi-resistente
___________________________________
___________________________________
Other animals (outside DK)
● Horses, cattle, poultry
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
NEW HUMAN CASES OF MRSA IN DENMARK
___________________________________
2500
___________________________________
2000
1500
1455
1155
___________________________________
1000
1335
___________________________________
1129
987
500
788
648
0
14
2007
777
760
648
64
2008
43
2009
111
166
233
2010
2011
2012
MRSA 398
Andre MRSA
2013
2014
___________________________________
31%
___________________________________
___________________________________
FARMER CONGRESS IN 2008
TEST FOR MRSA
___________________________________
769 participants testet (41%)
Pig farm worker
Adviser
Veterinarian
Other
MRSA
positive
15
2
0
2
___________________________________
Number
testede
486
108
25
150
%
positive
3,1
1,8
0
1,4
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
41
___________________________________
HUMAN RISKS OF LA-MRSA
___________________________________
MRSA risk-report, December 2014
● For the Danish population in generel LA-MRSA is a
very small health problem
● Only limited risk by consumption of Pork
___________________________________
___________________________________
Main clinical manifestation
● Infected wounds
● Abcesses in the skin
___________________________________
Most human carrieres loses MRSA398 in 1-2 days
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
MRSA CC398
___________________________________
First isolation from af Danish pig farm
___________________________________
2006
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
MRSA398 IN PIG HERDS
IN 2008
___________________________________
>30%
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
42
___________________________________
PREVALENS OF MRSA CC398
INFECTED PIG HERDS IN DENMARK
___________________________________
Random sampling in 80-200 pig herds by the authorities
År
2009
2010
2011
% positive pig herds
12
16
16
2014
68
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
63 % infected nucleus herds in 2014
___________________________________
___________________________________
PRESENTATION
___________________________________
● SEGES
___________________________________
● Danish pig production
___________________________________
● MRSA CC398 in Denmark
___________________________________
● The strategy on MRSA by
the Pig Research Centre
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
FULL TRANSPARANCY
___________________________________
The strategy
1. Takes the problem seriously, but we have to live with it
___________________________________
2. A high degree of dialog with the authorities
3. Ensure high level of information to all persons at risk
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
___________________________________
Workers in pig farms
Veterinarians & other farm advisors
Farm visitors
People cleaning emty pig farms
Truck drivers
Meat inspectors (anto mortem inspection)
___________________________________
4. Promote activities to reduce the overall consumption of antibiotics
___________________________________
___________________________________
43
___________________________________
CONSUMPTION OF ANTIBIOTICS IN EUROPE
___________________________________
Mg/kg animal (biomass)
450
400
350
300
Our strategy on the use of antibiotics
- 10% overall reduction by 2020
- 50% reduction in tetracyclin by end of 2015
___________________________________
___________________________________
250
200
150
___________________________________
100
50
___________________________________
0
European Medicines Agency, 2013
___________________________________
___________________________________
KEEP MRSA INSIDE THE FARMS
___________________________________
MRSA infected farms
● The herd owner must inform
___________________________________
‒ Workers and visitors
‒ Byers of pigs
___________________________________
All pig farms
● The herd owner must ensure high level of hygiene,
whenever people are leaving the farm
___________________________________
‒ Change of clothes
‒ Shower out OR wash of hands & desinfection
‒ Farm clothes washed inside the farm
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
ENTRY ROOM
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Outer
area
Inner
area
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
44
___________________________________
NO MRSA DECLARATION/ERADICATION
___________________________________
The Pig Research Centre do NOT see farm declaration
and/or eradication as a relevant option
●
●
●
●
●
Too many farms allready infected
False confidence by the farm workers
Reliable free-testing is a challenge
No proven way of elimination of MRSA from a farm
Potential conflicts with other infections of interest
‒ Pig diseases (SPF-diseases)
‒ Other zoonotic infections (Salmonella)
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
NEW R&D ACTIVITIES
___________________________________
Svineafgiftsfonden (2,3 mill kr in 2015)
● Hygiene as a way of reducing spread from pig farms
● Prevalence of MRSA in horses and cattle in DK
● MRSA398 from pig herd to hospital
___________________________________
Dan Jørgensen (35 mill. Kr in 3 years)
● Project by DTU & SSI
● 15 different R&D activities
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
___________________________________
Simulation model of LA-MRSA dispersal & control
Occurence of MRSA in pig farms
Control & reduction in pig farms
Risk for humans due to LA-MRSA in pigs
Ecomonic impact assesment for the Danish society
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
CONCLUSION
___________________________________
We seek full tranparency
___________________________________
We must learn to live with MRSA cc398
___________________________________
We must reduce the transfer
from farm to society
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
45
Questions ?
___________________________________
VI KAN OG VIL GØRE DET ENDNU BEDRE
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
25
22-01-2015
dok. 20120021
46
Genome-wide association study reveals a locus for nasal
carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in Danish crossbred pigs
By Merete Fredholm, Professor, IKVH
47
Animal Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Breeding
___________________________________
Genome-wide association study reveals a
locus for nasal carriage of Staphylococcus
aureus in Danish crossbred pigs
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Per Skallerup
Carmen Espinosa-Gongora
Claus Bøttcher Jørgensen
Luca Guardabassi
Merete Fredholm
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
CPH Pig Seminar January 28, 2015
Animal Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Breeding
Staphylococcus aureus – an important pathogen
May colonize various skin and
mucosae sites in healthy individuals
Tekst starter uden
Humans
Livestock
___________________________________
___________________________________
Wound
infections
Bovine mastitis
Endocarditis
Ovine
staphylococcal
dermatitis
___________________________________
___________________________________
Bacteremia
Sepsis
http://sciencephotolibrary.tumblr.com/post/22205450074/
staphylococcus-bacteria-coloured-scanning-electr
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
CPH Pig Seminar January 28, 2015
Nasal carriage is associated with a
higher risk of S. aureus infection
___________________________________
___________________________________
Animal Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Breeding
___________________________________
Colonization of the host
Tekst starter uden
Longitudinal studies in humans:
• Persistent carriers (PCs) ~ 20%
• Intermittent carriers ~ 30%
• Non-carriers (NCs) ~ 50%
The molecular mechanisms
underlying colonization of the
host are poorly understood
• Host factors
• Bacterial factors
___________________________________
Successful
colonization requires
that S. aureus:
1) adheres to certain
nasal epithelial
ligands
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
2) overcomes the
host immune defense
___________________________________
e.g. Wertheim et al. 2005
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
CPH Pig Seminar January 28, 2015
48
Animal Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Breeding
___________________________________
Why study S. aureus in pigs?
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
Pigs and other livestock species
carrying S. aureus may act as
a source of human
colonization and infection
___________________________________
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus
(MRSA) has become a public
concern
___________________________________
___________________________________
Studies of colonization in pigs
might provide information on
host-pathogen interaction
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
___________________________________
CPH Pig Seminar January 28, 2015
Animal Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Breeding
___________________________________
Objective of genetic study
Tekst starter uden
Perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to
identify loci associated with nasal carriage of S.
aureus in pigs.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
CPH Pig Seminar January 28, 2015
Animal Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Breeding
___________________________________
Study Design
Tekst starter uden
600 pigs (finishers) on 20 commercial pig farms were screened once
per week over three weeks
Nasal swab  Viable S. aureus quantified by the most probable
number method
• PHENOTYPES: Non-carrier (NC), intermittent carrier,
persistent carrier (PC)
DNA from selected pigs (n=266)
• Selection of extreme phenotypes for GENOTYPING
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
CPH Pig Seminar January 28, 2015
49
Animal Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Breeding
___________________________________
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
CPH Pig Seminar January 28, 2015
Animal Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Breeding
___________________________________
Selection of extreme phenotypes
Tekst starter uden
Major concern in GWAS studies:
Phenotypic characterization of the animals: definition of
cases and controls
Definition of non-carrier
Pigs which were negative on all three
sampling time-points, OR which had 100
CFU (the lowest positive titer) on one and
only one sampling occasion.
Definition of persistent carrier
Pigs which were positive on all three
sampling time-points.
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
N=72
___________________________________
N=56
___________________________________
___________________________________
CPH Pig Seminar January 28, 2015
Animal Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Breeding
___________________________________
Data set for GWAS
#Pigs
#SNPs
128 (72 NC + 56 PC)
61,565
Genome position not
provided
-
12,627
Located on sex
chromosomes
-
1,381
7 NC
23,638
121 (65 NC + 56 PC)
23,919
Tekst starter uden
Initial dataset
Excluded during QC*
Final dataset
*Pigs: call rates > 0.95, FDR for
unacceptably high heterozygosity < 0.01,
IBS < 0.95
dato og ”Enhedens
*SNPs: call rate > 0.95, MAF > 0.05, HWE < 0.05.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
CPH Pig Seminar January 28, 2015
50
Animal Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Breeding
IgG levels specific for clumping factor A
___________________________________
**
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
Foster et al. 2014
Same trend found in a human
study (Verkaik et al, 2009)
Espinosa-Gongora et al. 2014
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
CPH Pig Seminar January 28, 2015
Animal Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Breeding
___________________________________
Check for confounding
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
λGC=1.06
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
CPH Pig Seminar January 28, 2015
Animal Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Breeding
___________________________________
Association analysis
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
CPH Pig Seminar January 28, 2015
51
Animal Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Breeding
___________________________________
Eleven spa types were distributed across
the farms:
Farm No.
Non-carriers
Persistent carriers
(numbers spa-typed)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
12
13
16
17
18
20
Total
5
0
4
0
5
10
12
0
0
1
16
5
2
7
5
65
4 (3)
6 (5)
0
5 (5)
2 (2)
0
1 (0)
12 (12)
2 (1)
7 (6)
1 (1)
2 (2)
5 (0)
6 (0)
3 (0)
56 (37)
Number of persistent carriers
colonized by one spa type
3 (t011)
0
NA
2 (t034, t1333)
0
NA
NA
7 (t034)
0
1 (t2315)
0
0
NA
NA
NA
13
Number of persistent
carriers colonized by
two spa types
0
5 (t034, t1334, t2462)
NA
3 (t034, t1333)
2 (t034, t1333)
NA
NA
5 (t034, t3131)
0
4 (t034, t2315, t5817)
1 (t034, t1334)
2 (t034, t337)
NA
NA
NA
22
___________________________________
Number of persistent
carriers colonized by
three spa types
0
0
NA
0
0
NA
NA
0
1 (t011, t1580, t5817)
1 (t2315, t2370, t5817)
0
0
NA
NA
NA
2
No significant association was found between carriage of specific S.
aureus lineages (CC9, CC30/ST433 and CC398) and SNP MARC genotype
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
CPH Pig Seminar January 28, 2015
Animal Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Breeding
___________________________________
Statistics for the two lead SNPs
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
Position
(bp)
A1/A2
MAF
(PCs)
MAF
(NCs)
MARC0099960 12
43,145,785
G/A
0.63
0.32
4.9
10-6
0.04
ALGA0104951
43,380,247
G/T
0.61
0.33
1.3
10-5
0.11
SNP ID
Chr
12
PGC raw
P
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
CPH Pig Seminar January 28, 2015
Animal Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Breeding
___________________________________
Perspectives
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
Elucidate aspects of host pathogen interaction
Potentials for treatment
___________________________________
___________________________________
Decrease infection pressure
Through Selection
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
CPH Pig Seminar January 28, 2015
52
Animal Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Breeding
___________________________________
Acknowledgements
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
Tina Neergaard Mahler
Christel Ammitzböll Halberg
Ditte Lundt Gamborg
Peter Karlskov-Mortensen
___________________________________
___________________________________
Danish Council for Independent Research | FTP
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
CPH Pig Seminar January 28, 2015
Colonizing new territory?
53
___________________________________
54
A multi-dimensional dynamic linear model for monitoring
growing pigs
By Dan Børge Jensen, Ph.D. Student, IPH
55
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
___________________________________
Multivariate Dynamic Linear Models for
Monitoring of Grower/Finisher Pigs
___________________________________
Dan B. Jensen
[email protected]
___________________________________
Centre for Herd-oriented Education, Research and Development,
Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
CPH PIG 2015
Dias 1
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
Introduction
Tekst starter uden
The PigIT Project:
• Application of “off-the-shelf” sensors
• Data integration, modeling and alarms
• Management/alert response
___________________________________
Motivation:
___________________________________
___________________________________
IF “everything is fine” THEN “things progress as expected”
Therefore:
___________________________________
IF “things progress UN-expectedly” THEN “Something is wrong!”
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
CPH PIG 2015
Dias 2
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
Introduction
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
Data source:
Two double pens from a Grower/Finisher Unit
Wet feed use
Water flow
Live weight
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Also Temperature,
Humidity and (Activity)
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
___________________________________
CPH PIG 2015
Dias 3
56
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
Introduction
Tekst starter uden
Dynamic Linear Models – a Quick Introduction
___________________________________
1. Features:
• Dynamic, i.e. Adaptive
• Predictive, i.e. provides (one-step-ahead) forecasts
• Assumes normality
___________________________________
___________________________________
2. Usefulness:
• Monitoring of (production) systems over time
___________________________________
3. Examples from Animal Science
• Monitoring litter size at herd and sow level
Bono et al., 2012
• Detection of sow oestrus
Osterson et al., 2010
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
___________________________________
CPH PIG 2015
Dias 4
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
Introduction
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
Dynamic Linear Models – a Quick Introduction
1. Structure
___________________________________
Observation equation
___________________________________
System equation
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
CPH PIG 2015
Dias 5
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
Examples
Tekst starter uden
Dynamic Linear Models – Examples (Uni- and Multivariate)
___________________________________
Observation equation
___________________________________
___________________________________
Co-variance matrix
(EM algorithm)
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
CPH PIG 2015
Dias 6
57
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
Examples
Tekst starter uden
Dynamic Linear Models – Examples (Uni- and Multivariate)
___________________________________
System equation
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
CPH PIG 2015
Dias 7
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
Examples
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
Resulting Graphs
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
CPH PIG 2015
Dias 8
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
In Conclusion
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
Take Home Messages
1. When all is well, the DLM forecast will be
within expected parameters – and vice versa!
2. A model combining multiple lines of evidence is hoped to
provide more information than the sum of the individual
components
3. Multivariate Dynamic Linear Modeling is a relatively simple
and effective method for integration of multiple different
data series
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Perspectives:
1. Correlating specific patterns of forecast errors to
specific conditions could yield specific alarms
dato og ”Enhedens
CPH PIG 2015
Dias 9
___________________________________
This research was carried out with support from
The Danish Council for Strategic Research
(The PigIT Project, Grant number 11-116191)
___________________________________
58
Prioritization of alarms from automatic monitoring systems
in livestock production – a review
By Katarina Nielsen Dominiak, Ph.D. Student, IPH
59
___________________________________
___________________________________
Prioritization of alarms from automatic monitoring
systems – an area that needs more focus
___________________________________
___________________________________
Katarina Nielsen Dominiak
PhD student
Department of Large Animal Sciences
University of Copenhagen
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
About me
Tekst starter uden
•
Cand. Scient in biology from Aarhus University 2005
•
Farm manager at a sow herd with 600 sows, nucleus
management and weaners (7-30 kg) 2006-2007
•
Pig consultant at LMO, Eastern Jutland 2007-2013
•
PhD student in the PigIT Project since March 2013
•
I live near Bjerringbro in Jutland and have my daily office at
Foulum (Aarhus University)
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
”Enhedens
___________________________________
CPH Pig 28-01-2015
Dias 2
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
60
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
The PigIT project
Tekst starter uden
•
Data is collected in three
commercial herds and
Grønhøj (Pig Research
Centre)
•
Tail biting
Diarrhea
Fouling
•
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Water consumption at twopen level
Feed consumption at twopen level
Temperature at pen level
Humidity at pen level
Activity at pen level
Weight gain at pen level
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
CPH Pig 28-01-2015
Dias 4
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
My part in the PigIT project
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
Title:
‘Methods for Prioritization of
Alarms and Interventions’
___________________________________
Hypothesis:
___________________________________
By combining information from
many different automatic and
non-automatic sources it will
be possible to reduce the
number of false alarms from
the monitoring system and
thus avoid unnecessary (and
potentially harmful)
interventions
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
CPH Pig 28-01-2015
Dias 5
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
What creates alarms in traditional pig production?
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
Traditionally an alarm is given for any – or most –
automatically monitored processes
In weaner- and finisher production the alarms are typically for
Ventilation
•
Temperature/humidity/climate
___________________________________
•
Feeding system
- Mixer when wet feed
- Grain snail/spiral when dry feed
- List of animals not eating in ESF or weighing pen
___________________________________
Water system
- Broken water pipe
___________________________________
•
”Enhedens
___________________________________
•
___________________________________
CPH Pig 28-01-2015
Dias 6
61
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
What creates alarms in future pig production?
Tekst starter uden
Camera monitoring can detect changed activity level as
indicator of
___________________________________
-
___________________________________
Tail biting
Ear suckling
Bullying of a low rank animal (indicating sick/dead animal)
Fouling
Diarrhea
___________________________________
Changes in growth rate through weight estimation
___________________________________
Lying behavior as indicator of local climate in the pen
Changes in eating- or drinking pattern amongst pigs can be an
indicator of diseases and general well being of the pigs
___________________________________
Sound recordings can identify respiratory diseases or
aggressive behavior amongst pigs
”Enhedens
___________________________________
CPH Pig 28-01-2015
Dias 7
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
How specific should a warning system be?
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
When trying to detect a rare event the specificity of the system
is crucial
___________________________________
___________________________________
Rasmussen, M. D. 2003
___________________________________
A master thesis on oestrus detection in sows had a specificity of
99,4 % but oestrus being so rare an event in the setup
meaning that a specificity of 99,94 % would still give 50 %
false alarms (Ostersen, T. 2009)
”Enhedens
___________________________________
___________________________________
CPH Pig 28-01-2015
Dias 8
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
Too many false alarms - consequences
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
An alarm demands an action from the farmer or personnel
Too many false positive alarms are time consuming and
diminishes the trust in the alarm system
___________________________________
Consequences can be that
___________________________________
- Farmer or personnel ignores the alarm from time to time –
it’s not taken seriously
- The sound or light from an alarm system is deactivated or
simply shut off
- Farmer or personnel makes up their own prioritization of the
alarms based on experience, time expenditure, gut feeling
and work enthusiasm
- Animal welfare is at risk of being compromised
”Enhedens
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
CPH Pig 28-01-2015
Dias 9
62
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
How have other ranked or prioritized alarms?
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
A Dutch group of scientists have had some focus on this area
Until now they have published two papers on
ranking/prioritization of alarms or alert lists – both on AMS
alerts and mastitis diagnosis
___________________________________
___________________________________
And that’s it!
Clearly more focus need to be put on this subject
___________________________________
So much scientific work is put in building models and analytical
tools – but they are not implementable in real life because of
the amount of false alarms
”Enhedens
___________________________________
___________________________________
CPH Pig 28-01-2015
Dias 10
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
What I aim to do
Tekst starter uden
•
Write a position paper on
the subject
•
Analyze data from water
consumption sensors (at
two-pen level) and combine
it with non-automatic
information from the herd
logbook
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
•
og ”Enhedens
Expand my work with data
from other sensors and/or
outcome of models from
colleagues in the PigIT
project
___________________________________
___________________________________
CPH Pig 28-01-2015
Dias 11
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
Thank you for your time – any questions?
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
This project is supported by The Danish Council for Strategic Research
(The PigIT project, Grant number 11-116191)
___________________________________
”Enhedens
63
64
Session 3: Prevention and Therapy
65
66
Intestinal health in Danish weaners – treatment and control
By Nicolai Weber, Ph.D. Student, IPH
67
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
___________________________________
Intestinal health in Danish weaners
– treatment and control
___________________________________
___________________________________
Nicolai Weber
DVM, PhD student,
LVK,
Department of Large Animal Sciences,
University of Copenhagen
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
Agenda
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
•
•
•
•
•
Aim - Motivation
Study design
Results
Conclusion
Take home messages
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Dias 2
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
Aim
Tekst starter uden
•
•
•
•
___________________________________
Increase intestinal health in weaned pigs
Reduce feed cost
Optimized animal welfare
Reduced consumption of antibiotic consumption
___________________________________
Motivation
___________________________________
• Antibiotic usage
• 43 % of antibiotic consumption in pigs in
2014 prescribed to intestinal diseases
• Development of diagnostic decision tools
___________________________________
___________________________________
Supervisors:
dato og ”Enhedens
Jens Peter Nielsen (Professor, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ECPHM)
Christian Fink Hansen (Associated Professor, MSc Animal Science, PhD)
Ken Steen Pedersen (CEO OE-Vet A/S, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ECPHM)
___________________________________
Dias 3
68
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
Process
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
Infectiondynamics
Timing of antibiotic
treatments
Data collected in
2014
InterventionE.Coli
investigation
Dataanalysis
Spring 2015
study
Alternatives to
antibiotic
treatments
Fall 2015
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Dias 4
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
Intestinal infection in weaner pigs
Tekst starter uden
•
E. coli mainly involved 1-2 weeks post weaning(PW)
• PWD, Edema disease
• Largely controlled with in-feed administration of zinc oxide
•
Most research on diarrheic outbreaks later then 2 weeks PW has
been done on L. Intracellularis
dato og ”Enhedens
33
20
•
•
•
•
•
___________________________________
___________________________________
Previous research results
•
•
___________________________________
% weaner pigs with diarrhoea in ”healthy sections”
diarrheic outbreaks investigated
45 % mixed infections
30 % E. coli
10 % L.intracellularis
5 % B. pilosicoli
10 % no agents
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Dias 5
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
Previous results
Tekst starter uden
•
•
Pooled fecal samples (sock samples)
E. coli F4+F18, B. Pilosicoli, L. Intracellularis
•
•
Indirect diagnostic method
>1,5 diarrheic pools per pen and > 35.000
bacteria = >15 % of pigs with intestinal
infection
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Dias 6
69
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
Study design
Tekst starter uden
dato og ”Enhedens
• 3 production farms
• No major disease problems in weaners besides
diarrhoea treatments
• 10 sections
• 8 pens selected 14 days after weaning
• Fecal samples from untreated pens week 3, 4, 5
and 6 post weaning tested by qPCR
___________________________________
• E. coli investigation
• Fecal samples from untreated diarrheic pigs and
from pens with diarrhoea prevalence >25 %
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Dias 7
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Dias 8
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Dias 9
70
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
E. Coli investigation
Tekst starter uden
•
•
Fecal samples from 93 diarrheic pigs
Fecal samples from 31 pens with >25 % diarrhoea prevalence
___________________________________
•
Laboratory work-up:
• Culture(hemolytic/non-hemolytic)
• Toxin and fimbriae testing by PCR
• F4, F5, F6, F18, F41, STa, STb, LT, VT2e
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Dias 10
Department of Large Animal Sciences
E. coli results – culture + fimbriae analysis
Preliminary results
___________________________________
% E. coli growth
Number of pigs
___________________________________
0
3
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dato og ”Enhedens
1-40
13
40-80
24
81-100
53
___________________________________
___________________________________
•
•
155 strains analysed so far
Resistance profiles pending
•
•
•
40% (63/155) F18 positive strains
98 % (61/63) F18, hemolytic strains
No other fimbriatypes detected
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Dias 11
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
E. coli results – Toxins
Preliminary results
F18
+
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F18
-
dato og ”Enhedens
Toxins
STb
STb:LT
STa:STb
STb:LT
LT
None
STb
STa:STb
None
VT2E
STb:LT
None
Hemolysis no of strains
+
25
+
19
+
13
1
1
+
4
+
+
-
25
20
7
2
1
37
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Dias 12
71
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
Conclusion
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dato og ”Enhedens
• Increase in diarrhoea prevalence over time
___________________________________
• 52 % of pens positive for E. coli F18 week 3 PW
• 93 % for L. intracellularis week 6 PW
___________________________________
• Hemolytic E. coli present in diarrheic pigs and in
pens with diarrheic pigs
___________________________________
• Preliminary results:
• 40 % of stains F18 positive, 98% hemolytic
• 87 % of hemolytic strains F18 positive
• Toxins present in F18+ and F18• STb toxin most frequently present
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Dias 13
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
Take home messages
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___________________________________
• F18 positive toxin-producing E. coli present
beyond 1-2 post weaning
___________________________________
• F18 positive E. coli can play a role in diarrheic
outbreaks
___________________________________
• F18 main fimbriae
• F4 fimbriae not detected
___________________________________
• Not all diarrhoea is caused by L. intracellularis
___________________________________
• Mixed infections is widespread 3-6 weeks post
weaning
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Dias 14
Department of Large Animal Sciences
___________________________________
___________________________________
Questions?
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___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Dias 15
72
Serotype-independent bacterial immunogens: an
alternative vaccine's development against Actinobacillus
pleuropneumoniae
By Fabio Antenucci, Ph.D. Student, IVS
73
___________________________________
___________________________________
SEROTYPE-INDEPENDENT
BACTERIAL IMMUNOGENS
___________________________________
An alternative vaccine’s development
against Actinobacillus
pleuropneumoniae
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
• Supervisor: Dr, Anders Miki Bojesen
• Co-supervisor: Dr. Peter Holst
• Ph.D student: Fabio Antenucci
___________________________________
___________________________________
Why a vaccine???
___________________________________
Cheaper
___________________________________
Prevents
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
No antibiotic
resistance
___________________________________
___________________________________
Vaccination Principles
___________________________________
• A vaccine provides a set of pathogen-specific molecules that,
coming into contact with the host immune system, are able to
elicit an effective and long-lasting protection against that
pathogen.
• These molecules are termed antigens and include proteins,
___________________________________
___________________________________
polysaccharides and lipids
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
74
___________________________________
Antigens: a molecular I.D.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
(adaptive)
Immune system
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
The good antigen
Immunogenicity: The property of an antigen to
provoke an immune response in a host exposed to it
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Antibodies
(IgG)
___________________________________
Protectiveness: The immune response provoked by
the antigen confers protection against subsequent
infections by the same pathogen
___________________________________
Generalities:
coccobacillus
___________________________________
___________________________________
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
• Non-motile, gram-negative
___________________________________
Gram-negative
bacterium
___________________________________
• Swine respiratory pathogen
• 15 serotypes
• Transmission by aerosol
___________________________________
or direct contact
• High morbidity
• High mortality rate
___________________________________
 Broadly effective vaccine available,
but…
 The vaccine is rather expensive, being based on recombinant
proteins
 It doesn’t confer protection against the infection, preventing just
the symptoms (vaccinated animals potential carriers)
75
___________________________________
___________________________________
Serotype-independent immunogens
___________________________________
___________________________________
Serotype: a group of strictly related microorganisms
distinguished by a common set of antigens
___________________________________
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
___________________________________
___________________________________
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
___________________________________
Conserved
antigens (all 15
serotypes)
___________________________________
Antigens selection: Bioinformatic tools
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Different serotypes
genomes
Immunogenicity
___________________________________
Genes
Conservation
(DNA homology)
Legend:
• Prediction
• Data
Protein properties
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs)
___________________________________
___________________________________
Antigens
___________________________________
Gram-negative
bacterium
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
76
___________________________________
Next steps
 Observe and characterize the vesicles produced by the OMVs mutants
___________________________________
obtained
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
 Verify the immunogenicity of the candidate proteins by using
convalescent pigs serum
___________________________________
___________________________________
77
78
Natural plant compounds with immune-modulating and
anti-parasitic activity; implications for pig production
By Andrew Williams, Post. Doc., IVS
79
___________________________________
Natural plant compounds with anti-parasitic
and immune-modulating activity: implications
for pig production
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Andrew Williams
Veterinary Parasitology Group
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
University of Copenhagen
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Dias 1
___________________________________
Our Research Group:
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- Focuses on sustainable control of livestock parasites
- Strong emphasis on pig parasites
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
• High prevalence
• Direct effects on growth and performance
___________________________________
• Secondary effects on immunity and susceptibility to
other pathogens
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Dias 2
___________________________________
Current control of parasites:
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___________________________________
- Based exclusively on regular treatment with
anthelmintic drugs (no vaccines).
___________________________________
- Alternative approach – integrated parasite
management.
___________________________________
- Good hygiene and management
___________________________________
- Dietary supplements that boost natural immunity
___________________________________
- Bioactive diets that directly kill parasites
- Drugs
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Dias 3
80
___________________________________
Boosting natural immunity
**
___________________________________
80
Ig M ( % o f p o s t iv e s a m p le )
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60
C D H fe e d
40
C o n tro l
20
___________________________________
0
0
14
D a y s p o s t - in f e c tio n
___________________________________
•
Improves antibody responses
to worms
Increases ADG
•
Stimulates lymphocyte
proliferation in vitro
30
C D H fe e d
C o n tro l
20
0
1
___________________________________
D a y s p o s t - in f e c tio n
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
10
0
•
40
4
Ig G 1 ( % o f p o s t iv e s a m p le )
**
Cinnamaldehyde in feed:
___________________________________
Dias 4
___________________________________
Boosting natural immunity
Further in vitro studies with polyphenols
•
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10
10
10
CD25
10
10
10
10
7
10
10
5
10
4
10
3
10
2
10
1
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
10
___________________________________
7
39.2%
3.2%
6
6
5
___________________________________
4
3
2
___________________________________
1
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
γδ TCR
CD86 on Dendritic cells
dato og ”Enhedens
Polyphenols may stimulate
immunity to pathogens
(e.g. worms!)
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Dias 5
___________________________________
Direct anti-parasitic effects
Mean EPG counts
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7500
Diet 1 Normal
6000
Diet 2 I+SBF
___________________________________
**
___________________________________
Diet 3 Inulin (I)
4500
Diet 4 Sugar Beet
Fibre (SBF)
3000
___________________________________
___________________________________
1500
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13
___________________________________
Weeks post inoculation
dato og ”Enhedens
Dias 6
(Petkevicius et al. 2001)
81
___________________________________
___________________________________
Direct anti-parasitic effects
___________________________________
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___________________________________
___________________________________
M ig r a tio n In h b itio n ( % )
100
50
___________________________________
0
10
100
1000
C o n c e n tr a tio n (  g /m L )
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Dias 7
___________________________________
Direct anti-parasitic effects
___________________________________
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100
Spadona
___________________________________
% a liv e
Puna
___________________________________
50
0
10
100
Concentration (
___________________________________
1000
g/mL)
___________________________________
Foster, et al. 2011. Vet Parasitol
180, 298 - 306
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Dias 8
___________________________________
Summary
Tekst starter uden
• Worms are an increasingly important problem in pigs in
Denmark
___________________________________
• Drugs can not be relied upon solely…. Need to
investigate complementary control options
• Many cheap, natural plant compounds can stimulate
natural anti-parasitic immune responses
• The same compounds may also directly kill the parasite
• Further work is on-going in our group to test these
approaches
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Dias 9
82
___________________________________
Thanks
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Everyone in the Veterinary Parasitology Group and
elsewhere in IVS
___________________________________
Collaborators in UK, Netherlands and USA
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Dias 10
83
84
Is vaccination an alternative to antimicrobial treatment in
pig production?
By Amanda Brinch Kruse, Ph.D. Student, IPH
85
___________________________________
___________________________________
Is vaccination an alternative to
antimicrobial treatment in pig production?
___________________________________
___________________________________
CPH Pig Seminar
January 28, 2015
___________________________________
Amanda Brinch Kruse
PhD student
Department of Large Animal Sciences
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
[email protected]
___________________________________
___________________________________
”Enhedens
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
The overall project
The PhD
•
•
•
___________________________________
project is part of UC-Care
Interdisciplinary project at the University of Copenhagen
Fight against antimicrobial resistance in humans and animals
Work package 5: Cost-benefit analysis and decision support for
stakeholders
Overall aim of the PhD project:
“To investigate biological effects of on-farm alternative risk mitigating
strategies, compared to current practices involving antimicrobial treatment
in pig production.”
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Main alternative strategies to be investigated:
• Vaccination and biosecurity in Danish pig production
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
Background
___________________________________
Increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria
___________________________________
Focus on reducing antimicrobial use in pig production
• Reduce the risk related to antimicrobial resistance
• Alternative strategies that will minimize the need for
antimicrobial treatment is needed
___________________________________
Vaccination can prevent specific diseases through immunization
• Will this minimize the need for antimicrobial treatment?
• When and to what extend?
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
86
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
Vaccination against M. hyopneumoniae
in Danish Farrow-to-finisher herds
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Introduction
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae causing enzootic pneumonia
• Most common respiratory disease in pigs worldwide
• Lead to secondary infections – need treatment
• Prevention of disease by vaccination of piglets
___________________________________
Aim of the study: To determine the change in prescription of
antimicrobials in Danish farrow-to-finisher herds after initiating vaccination
against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Materials and methods – herds enrolled
Tekst starter uden
Herds
Herds registered in the Danish Central Husbandry Register (CHR) with
production of sows, weaners and finishers on the same CHR number
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Vaccination
Registration of purchase of vaccination against M. hyopneumoniae
• Data on purchase of vaccines from Vetstat
• First purchase between 2005 and 2011
• Purchased continuously for at least one year
• In doses equal to the number of animals in the individual herd
og ”Enhedens
87
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
Materials and methods –
antimicrobial consumption
•
•
___________________________________
ADD calculations based on VetStat prescription data
Output: Change in antimicrobial prescription after vaccination
• Given in Animal Daily Doses (ADD) per 100 animals per day
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Materials and methods – study design
Tekst starter uden
Year before vaccination
___________________________________
Year after vaccination
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Two
years
___________________________________
Vaccination initiated
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Materials and methods – statistical analyses
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
T-test: Test for significant change
___________________________________
Generalized linear model: Effect of possible risk factors
• Baseline antimicrobial consumption
• Herd size
• SPF enrolment
• Year of first purchase
• Season for initiating vaccination (in yearly quarters)
• Veterinarian authorization number
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
88
___________________________________
Preliminary results: T-test
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
163 farrow-to-finisher herds fulfilled the criteria for enrollment
74 herds had a significant mean decrease
• -3.2 ADD per 100 animals per day (p<0.01)
___________________________________
89 herds had a significant mean increase
• + 3.6 ADD per 100 animals per day (p<0.01)
___________________________________
Mean change for all herds ≈ 0
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Preliminary results
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
•
•
•
•
•
og ”Enhedens
Monthly mean ADD for 74 herds with decrease in ADD after vaccination
Error bars representing 95 % confidence intervals
Data from 20-39 herds in each month
Highest baseline antimicrobial use
Decrease in ADD up until vaccination is initiated
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Preliminary results
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
•
•
•
•
•
Monthly mean ADD for 89 herds with increase in ADD after vaccination
Error bars representing 95 % confidence intervals
Data from 25-46 herds in each month
Lower baseline antimicrobial use
Increasing ADD up until vaccination is initiated
og ”Enhedens
89
___________________________________
___________________________________
Preliminary results: Generalized linear model
Tekst starter uden
•
Baseline antimicrobial consumption and herd size had a significant
impact on the change in antimicrobial consumption after vaccination
was initiated
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Change
in ADD/100
animals/day
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Baseline in ADD/100 animals/day
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Preliminary results: Generalized linear model
Tekst starter uden
•
Baseline antimicrobial consumption and herd size had a significant
impact on the change in antimicrobial consumption after vaccination
was initiated.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Change
in ADD/100
animals/day
___________________________________
___________________________________
Large
Small
___________________________________
Herd size
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
Discussion
___________________________________
Half of the herds had a significant mean decrease
• Due to higher baseline antimicrobial consumption
• High baseline due to problems related to M. hyopneumoniae?
___________________________________
Antimicrobial prescription vs. Antimicrobial consumption
• Is prescription data a good prediction of antimicrobial consumption?
Change in antimicrobial use after vaccination
• Lack of information: Why do they start vaccinate?
• Is increase in ADD due to no effect or explained by an outbreak?
• Is decrease in ADD due to vaccination or other initiatives?
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
90
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
Further studies
___________________________________
Effect of other vaccines
• PRRS, PCV2, Lawsonia, App
• Combination of vaccines
___________________________________
Effect of biosecurity
• Another prevention strategy
• Also in combination with specific vaccines
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
Is vaccination an alternative to
antimicrobial treatment in pig production?
Vaccination against M. hyopneumoniae could be an alternative
• If the baseline consumption is high due to problems related
to infections with M. hyopneumoniae
• Depends on current disease status
• During an outbreak a vaccine will never be an
alternative – only as prevention!
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Acknowledgements
Tekst starter uden
• The Danish Veterinary and Food Administration for providing
VetStat and CHR data
• The Danish Agriculture & Food Council for providing CHR data
• Danish Pig Research Center for providing SPF data
• DTU-VET and University of Copenhagen for data assistance
• University of Copenhagen (UC-Care) for funding
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
91
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
Thank you for your attention!
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
og ”Enhedens
92
Session 4: Welfare
93
94
Creating a Danish animal welfare index for pig production
systems
By Björn Forkman, Professor, IPH
95
96
A case-control behavioural study to determine the welfare
burden of pigs naturally infected with Taenia solium in
Tanzania
By Chiara Trevisan, Ph.D. Student, IVS
97
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology
A case-control behavioural study to determine the welfare
___________________________________
burden of pigs naturally infected with Taenia solium in
Tanzania
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
PhD Student: Chiara Trevisan
Supervisors: Maria Vang Johansen and Björn Forkman
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Up to date with pig research 2015
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology
___________________________________
Introduction
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
CT-scan image:
arrows pointing
at calcified cysts
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology
___________________________________
Life cycle of T. solium
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Does T. solium have any
effects on pig welfare?
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
98
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology
___________________________________
Methodology
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Pigs : 17 infected
14 controls
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
• Morogoro
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology
___________________________________
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology
___________________________________
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
99
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology
___________________________________
Fodder was provided twice a
day and water was provided
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___________________________________
ad libitum.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology
___________________________________
Amaranthus viridis
Spinacia oleracea
Leucaena leucocephala
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology
___________________________________
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
100
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology
___________________________________
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology
___________________________________
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Novel object test
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology
Cysts count before slaughtering
___________________________________
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
101
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology
___________________________________
Organs and muscles with
Taenia solium cysts
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology
___________________________________
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology
___________________________________
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
102
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology
___________________________________
___________________________________
Tekst starter uden
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
dato og ”Enhedens
___________________________________
Thank you for your attention!
103
104
Welfare assessment of finishing pigs from farm to slaughter
By Pia Brandt, Ph.D. Student, Danish Meat Research Institute and Aarhus
University
105
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Welfare assessment of finishing
pigs from farm to slaughter
___________________________________
___________________________________
Pia Brandt, [email protected]
___________________________________
___________________________________
Introduction
___________________________________
• Increasing demands for
documentation from the
market and the EU (EU
regulation 1099/2009)
• Welfare Quality® Protocol
(2009)
• On-site tools for
continuous monitoring
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Aim
___________________________________
•
To develop a method for documentation of animal welfare on the day of
slaughter of pigs; including:
•
to investigate the relationship between selected ante-mortem observations
and post-mortem measurements with the aim of identifying potential
welfare indicators for future documentation of welfare of finishing pigs at
commercial abattoirs. (Study 1)
•
to develop an aggregated animal welfare assessment using expert opinion
– an animal welfare index (AWI) – for finishing pigs on the entire day of
slaughter, including an index within single stages as well as an overall index
for the day of slaughter. (Study 2)
•
to investigate the relationship between an animal welfare index
covering the entire day of slaughter with selected post mortem
measurements under commercial conditions. (Study 3)
106
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
The day of slaughter
Loading
___________________________________
Transport
___________________________________
Break, loading
___________________________________
Lairage
Unloading
Sticking
___________________________________
Handling
Stunning
___________________________________
___________________________________
Brandt and Aaslyng, Meat Science 103, pp. 13-23, 2015
Study 1
___________________________________
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
80 pigs from 4 four herds
Commercial 3-deck lorries
Danish commercial abattoir
1 hour lairage, 15 pigs/pen
Automatic race to stunning
CO2 stunning in groups
Sticking 820 pigs/hour
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Unloading
Lairage
Race to stunning
Sticking
___________________________________
Study 1
___________________________________
___________________________________
• Glucose and lactate was significantly
positively correlated to behaviors observed
in the race to the stunning chamber.
• Relationship between creatine kinase
activity and post mortem skin damage
assessment on the shoulder
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
-> relevant indicators for assessing welfare on the day of slaughter
___________________________________
___________________________________
Brandt et al., Livestock Science 157, pp 535-544, 2013
107
Study 2
___________________________________
• 45 pigs from 5 herds
• Heart rate
___________________________________
___________________________________
Study 3
•
•
•
•
___________________________________
480 pigs from 12 herds
Blood samples
Blood temperature
pH
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Outline - Study 2 and 3
___________________________________
Heart rate
___________________________________
0. Home pen 1. Pick-up facility
Skin damage Skin damage
Duration
Stocking density
Mixing
Fast
2. Loading
3. Transport
4. Unloading
Duration
Driving style
Duration
Driving
Duration of transport Driving
Reluctance to move Duration of breaks Reluctance to move
Turning back
Temperature
Turning back
Slipping
Slipping
Falling
Falling
Lifting
5. Lairage
6. Race
Skin damage Slipping
Mixing
Falling
Duration
Overlapping
Aggression
Moved by gate
Posture
Mounting
Being mounted
Time to lie down
% of time lying
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
8. Slaughter line
7. Sticking
Skin damage
Blood sample
Blood temperature pH45
___________________________________
___________________________________
Pick-up
Loading
Transport Unlaoding Lairage
Race
Sticking
Study 2
___________________________________
How important is it for me - when I need to assess pig
welfare in the pick-up facility - to know whether and to what
extent the pig has been / is exposed to the following five
factors. Set 1 x in each line where 1 is not important and 5 is
crucial.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
108
Study 2
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Animal Welfare Index (AWI)
Study 2
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Transport
Unloading
Race
Lairage
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Let’s Work Together
___________________________________
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www.dti.dk/35639
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www.cphpig.ku.dk