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(WRITE NAME OF THE FARM)
SOP-Feeding
SOP-Feeding describes the procedures that ensure uniform feeding of your cows.
The description includes:
• Loading
• Mixing and feeding of TMR/PMR
• Mixing and feeding of compact TMR/PMR
• Silage management
• Cleanup
• Check the feed stock
• Feed hygiene
• Monitoring the load cells of the feed wagon
Organic SOP-feeding describes the organic requirements for feeding (marked with a
• Organic requirements for feeding
• Feed statement
• Preservation/silage
) and includes:
All topics are illustrated with drawings and short texts that you can edit so it fits the conditions on your
farm.
When you organize and implement SOP on your farm, it is an advantage to involve a Lean-certified
cattle adviser. You'll find them on www.leankvaeg.dk. Experience shows that an introductory course with
the help of an expert is crucial for the output of SOP in the long run.
In the guide "Getting Started with SOP" (attached), there are some guidelines you can consider before
you begin to adapt SOP for your work procedures.
Enjoy your SOP.
SOP –working procedures for the best result
Januar 2015
(WRITE NAME OF THE FARM)
Content
1. Feeding – Loading of feed mixer ....................................................................... 2
2a. Mixing and feeding of compact feed ................................................................ 4
2b. Mixing and feeding of TMR .............................................................................. 9
3. Feeding - Feeding alley for cows and heifers .................................................. 10
4. Feeding - Silage management ......................................................................... 11
5. Feeding - Loading silage and tidying up .......................................................... 12
6a. Feeding - Correct removal with multi-purpose bucket .................................... 13
6b. Feeding - Correct removal with silage chopper .............................................. 14
6c. Feeding - Correct removal with silage (block) cutter ...................................... 15
7. Feeding - Feed in stock ................................................................................... 16
8. Feeding - Feeding hygiene .............................................................................. 17
Organic requirements - overview
................................................................... 18
9. Feeding – Organic requirements
............................................................... 18
10. Conservation and silage – organic requirements
SOP Feeding - Januar 2015
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..................................... 21
(WRITE NAME OF THE FARM)
1. Feeding – Loading of feed mixer
1.1
Make sure the
mixer is empty
before starting a
new mix
1.2
Enter number of
cows into feed
computer
(It is assumed that the recipe
has been typed in advance)
1.3
Add ingredients
in the order
specified on the
___ Feed
computer
___ Printed
recipe
1.4
Supplementary
feed and mineral
loading
Vertical mixer
Load
supplementary
feed and
minerals into the
middle of the
mixer.
SOP Feeding - Januar 2015
2 / 22
(WRITE NAME OF THE FARM)
Paddle mixer
Load
supplementary
feed and
minerals into
mixer wagon in
full length of it.
1.5
Overview of
feeding tasks
Time
05.00
Task
Push the feed in
Responsible
Peter (2177 7777)
06.00
Soak of supplementary
feed in water
Peter (2177 7777)
07.30
Half mix
Peter (2177 7777)
08.00
End mix + clean the feed
table at the cows
Peter (2177 7777)
08.30
Feeding
Peter (2177 7777)
15.00
Soak of supplementary
beet pulp pellets
Peter (2177 7777)
SOP Feeding - Januar 2015
3 / 22
(WRITE NAME OF THE FARM)
2a. Mixing and feeding of compact feed
2.1a
Soak supplementary feed at
_____ (8,16)
Filling in supplementary feed
(see the display)
Remember to start the mixer
before adding water
Gear on the feed wagon
______ (high/low, up/down)
Start PTO when adding
_______ (water)
Tractor
PTO
________ (1000)
RPM ________ (1200)
Mix time ______ (10)
Minutes/rotations
Mixture proportion
(weight of dry compound feed +
50 % of dry weight as water)
Supplementary feed in pellets
can be treated in about an hour.
Beet pulp pellets need longer
time (8-10 hours).
Is done by______________
(intermediate bulk container, load shovel, hoseaddition)
Add additives_________ (acid)
Check that no dry feed is on
top of the auger
SOP Feeding - Januar 2015
4 / 22
(WRITE NAME OF THE FARM)
2.2a
Sugar beet concentrate
premix _______ (morning/evening)
Filling in supplementary feed
and clean sugar beets
Gear on the feed wagon
______ (high/low, up/down)
Start PTO when adding
_______ (silage)
Tractor
PTO
________ (1000)
RPM ________ (1200)
Mix time ______ (10)
Minutes/rotations
Is done by______________
(intermediate bulk container, load shovel, hoseaddition)
Add additives_________ (acid)
Check that no dry feed is on
top of the auger
Vil du vide mere – køb hele SOP’en HER
SOP Feeding - Januar 2015
5 / 22
(WRITE NAME OF THE FARM)
2.3a
HALF MIX
Is done at _______ (10)
Restrictor blades_______ (out)
Gear on the feed wagon
______ (high/low, up/down)
Tractor
PTO
________ (1000)
RPM ________ (1200)
Start PTO
Filling in____________
(grass silage and other straw feed)
Mix just before feeding, don’t
stop mixer before unloading
Mix time ______ (10)
Minutes/rotations
DO NOT STOP THE MIXER
BEFORE UNLOADING
2.4a
END MIX
Mixing tub must be in straight
level
Filling in maize silage
Vil
du (10)
vide
Mix time
______
Minutes/rotations
mere – køb hele SOP’en HER
Remember to control that the
whole mix is moving in vertical
auger mixer
Remember to control that
paddle mixers are not
overloaded
DO NOT STOP THE MIXER
BEFORE UNLOADING
SOP Feeding - Januar 2015
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(WRITE NAME OF THE FARM)
2.5a
Feeding start
Tractor
PTO
_____ (1000)
RPM
_____ (1200)
Gear
_____ (2L)
Notice________(terrain, curves)
2.6a
2.7a
Indicators in cattle house
________ (Ex. hatch) ____ (2000) kg
left
Tractor
PTO
_____ (1000)
RPM
_____ (1200)
Gear
_____ (2L)
When mixer is almost empty
Tractor
PTO
_____ (1000)
RPM
_____ (1200)
Gear
_____ (2L)
2.8a
Control the eating-behaviour
of the cows
Vil du vide mere – køb hele SOP’en HER
Cows eat__________ (from top or
from below)?
Estimate the homogeneity of
the ration (grass chunks, particle
size, adhesiveness, small particles
separation, and pellets)
Report to_______(cowman, advisor)
SOP Feeding - Januar 2015
7 / 22
(WRITE NAME OF THE FARM)
2.9a
Push up feed
- at__________(15.00) and
- at__________(23.00)
2.10a
Refusals must be
appropriate
___(<1) kg per cow = feed more
___(1) kg per cow = appropriate
___(>1) kg per cow = feed less
Measure/weigh
by_______(loadings of_____ ,
in mini loader)
Report unusual findings
to____________(cowman)
2.11a
Score refusals
- amount
- availability
- composition (are refusals
similar to feed mix)
Vil du invide
mere
- spoiling/heat
refusals
– køb hele SOP’en HER
Report to_________(cowman, advisor)
SOP Feeding - Januar 2015
8 / 22
(WRITE NAME OF THE FARM)
2b. Mixing and feeding of TMR
2.1b
Start PTO when adding
_______ (silage)
Start PTO
when adding
__________
Tractor
PTO
_____ (1000)
RPM
_____ (1200)
Gear
_____ (2L)
2.2b
Max ____ (10) min. mixing time
after _____ (silage) is added
2.3b
Feeding start
Tractor
PTO
_____ (1000)
RPM
_____ (1200)
Gear
_____ (2L)
2.4b
Indicators in cattle house
________ (Ex. hatch) ____ (2000) kg
left
Vil du vide
Tractor
PTO
_____ (1000)
RPM
_____ (1200)
Gear
_____ (2L)
2.5b
mere – køb hele SOP’en HER
When mixer wagon is almost
empty
Tractor
PTO
_____ (1000)
RPM
_____ (1200)
Gear
_____ (2L)
SOP Feeding - Januar 2015
9 / 22
(WRITE NAME OF THE FARM)
3. Feeding - Feeding alley for cows and heifers
3.1
Push up feed
 at _____ (15.00) and
 at _____ (23.00)
Feeding starts at ________ (7.00 )
3.2
Ensure an appropriate
amount of feed
Check ____ (2) hours before
next feeding
____ (100) kg = feed more
____ (>500) kg = feed less
In case of large deviations,
contact _________________
3.3
Are cows sorting the feed?
Check the refusals before next
feeding
In case of large deviations,
Vil
du vide mere
contact
_________________
3.4
– køb hele SOP’en HER
Clean feed bunk/ alley before
________________ (morning feeding)
Move refusals to ________
(heifers)
Clean heifers’ feeding alley min.
___ (2) times a week
SOP Feeding - Januar 2015
10 / 22
(WRITE NAME OF THE FARM)
4. Feeding - Silage management
4.1
Uncover the stack ____ (20) cm
every ________ (second) day
Use a hook to pull the cover
away. Stay clear of the edge.
4.2
Avoid air under the plastic:
Place heavy bags (sandbags or
gravel bags) along the edge of
the plastic
4.3
Cut off plastic and move it to
________________ (container)
4.4
Sort out poor and mouldy
feed, and move it to
_________________ (location)
Vil du vide mere – køb hele SOP’en HER
SOP Feeding - Januar 2015
11 / 22
(WRITE NAME OF THE FARM)
5. Feeding - Loading silage and tidying up
5.1
Remove silage with a
clean cut
Collect lost silage from the
storage area and
immediately feed it to
______________ (heifers)
5.2
Be careful to empty the
contents of the bucket
into the feed mixer wagon
and not onto the ground
5.3
CORRECT!
5.4
NO!
+
Vil du vide mere – køb hele SOP’en HER
SOP Feeding - Januar 2015
12 / 22
(WRITE NAME OF THE FARM)
6a. Feeding - Correct removal with multi-purpose bucket
6.1a
Make sure the bucket is clean
The grab must not be missing
any tines, and bended tines
must be replaced or
straightened out
6.2a
Make a clean-cut and vertical
silage face
6.3a
Attention!
 Avoid uneven silage face
 Avoid lifting up the silage and
make sure to maintain a
clean-cut silage face at
removal
6.4a
Attention!
Avoid “biting off” silage with
both top grab and bucket in the
stack
Vil du vide mere – køb hele SOP’en HER
6.5a
YES!
 Use “peeling” technique in
maize silage
 Place multigrab so the tines
are in vertical line with stack
and “peel” of silage
 Keep the bucket out of the
stack when removing silage
 Afterwards collect loose
silage with the bucket
SOP Feeding - Januar 2015
13 / 22
(WRITE NAME OF THE FARM)
6b. Feeding - Correct removal with silage chopper
6.1b
Make sure the loading device
is clean and working properly
6.2b
Run the chopper from top to
bottom
6.3b
Keep a steady pressure on
the stack
Vil du vide mere – køb hele SOP’en HER
6.4b
Collect loose silage at the
foot of the stack
SOP Feeding - Januar 2015
14 / 22
(WRITE NAME OF THE FARM)
6c. Feeding - Correct removal with silage (block)
cutter
6.1c
Make sure the cutter is clean
and working properly
Make sure the cutting edge is
sharp, and that the cutter is not
missing any teeth
6.2c
6.3c
6.4c
6.5c
Make a clean-cut and vertical
silage face
 Cut of silage block in the
same line from top to
bottom
 Cut new blocks as
illustrated in the picture to
avoid bending of the silage
cutter
 Keep the cutter steady
when cutting silage from
the stack
 Move weight from loading
vehicle to silage cutter so
Vil du vide mere
it won’t be lifted when the
cutting edge is pushed
down
1
3
2
5
– køb hele SOP’en HER
 Make sure the grab has
closed completely before
pulling back
SOP Feeding - Januar 2015
15 / 22
4
(WRITE NAME OF THE FARM)
7. Feeding - Feed in stock
7.1
Concentrates/supplementary
feed
Let ______ (owner) know when
there is about ____ (1 week’s) supply
of feed left
7.2
Vitamins and minerals
Let ______ (owner) know when
there is about ____ (1 week’s) supply
of vitamins and minerals left
If relevant:
Let ______ (owner) know when
there is about ____ ( 7) bags left
For heavy lifting (over 25 kg) spare
back by using lifting techniques
and use trolley or wheelbarrow
for transport
7.3
Maintain good order and a
good hygiene
Vil du vide mere – køb hele SOP’en HER
The area in front of the silos
must be kept clean – no waste
SOP Feeding - Januar 2015
16 / 22
(WRITE NAME OF THE FARM)
8. Feeding - Feeding hygiene
8.1
Clean boots
Clean footwear before working
with feed
8.2
Clean wheelbarrow/bucket/
mini-loader before use
8.3
Clean the tools and return
them to their proper place
after use
8.4
Keep the feeding alley clean
Vil du vide mere – køb hele SOP’en HER
Keep the area around the
feeding house clean
SOP Feeding - Januar 2015
17 / 22
(WRITE NAME OF THE FARM)
Organic requirements - overview
Organic SOP feeding describes the organic requirements for feeding, feed statement, feed additives for
preservation/silage in organic farming. That ensures the organic requirements are established in the
work procedures for feeding organic livestock.
When you are going to organize and implement SOP on your farm, the suggestions for placing the
requirements are noted in parentheses. The Organic SOP is supplementary and should be put in as an
extra SOP.
9. Feeding – Organic requirements
9.1
Feed of agricultural origin
must be organic
Up to 1 % of the feed-ration is
allowed to be non-organic
herbs or molasses
9.2
Minimum 60 % coarse feed
per animal per day
The first 3 month of the
lactation minimum 50 % coarse
feed per animal per day
(calculated from kg of dry matter).
No requirements for coarse
feed share for calves younger
than 3 month who have free
access to coarse feed.
Vil du vide mere – køb hele SOP’en HER
9.3
Minimum 60 % of the feed
must come from own farm
Or should be produced in
cooperation with other organic
farms in the same region (DK
is one region).
SOP Feeding - Januar 2015
18 / 22
(WRITE NAME OF THE FARM)
9.4
Use of in-conversion feed
(harvested more than 12 months from
the start of the conversion)
100 % if it is produced on own
farm
Up to 30 % of the feed-ration if
it is bought from other farms.
9.5
Use of 1. year feed
(harvested less than 12
months from the start of the
conversion)
Up to 20 % from the farms own
1. year field with clover,
lucerne, peas, beans or lupin.
9.6
Vitamins and minerals
Must be produced for organic
livestock production.
(May only contain substances from
the positive-list for organic feed;
annex 6 in Guidance on organic
agricultural production).
Vil du vide mere – køb hele SOP’en HER
Allowed to use synthetic A-, D-,
and E-vitamins.
All substances must be free of
GMO.
SOP Feeding - Januar 2015
19 / 22
(WRITE NAME OF THE FARM)
9.7
Feeding plan/-statement:
A statement for the feed must for each animal-group contain:
 Use of bought conversion feed
(30 % of kg ts. per animal per year)
 Feed from own 1. year fields
(20 % of kg ts. per animal per day)
 Part of home-produced or Danish feed
(60 % own/Danish feed)
 Part of coarse feed in the feeding
(50/60 % of kg ts. pr. Animal per day)
 Pasture
(kg ts per animal per day)
Vil du vide mere – køb hele SOP’en HER
SOP Feeding - Januar 2015
20 / 22
(WRITE NAME OF THE FARM)
10. Conservation and silage – organic requirements
10.1
Preservatives
Formic, acetic, lactic,
propionic, citric and sorbic acid
and sodium farmate may be
used for conservation of
organic feed.
Requires a HACCPregistration. (unless a contractor
performs the preservation, provide the
acid and is HACCP-registered)
10.2
Silage agents and additives
for silage
Enzymes, yeast and bacteria
can be used. Does not require
a HACCP registration.
The preservatives mentioned
above can be used for silage
and crimping but requires a
HACCP-registration.
Vil du vide mere – køb hele SOP’en HER
SOP Feeding - Januar 2015
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