1. No category

FIBER COMPOSITION AND LIPID
PEROXIDATION IN NATURAL-INGREDIENT
AND PURIFIED DIETS FOR LABORATORY
ANIMALS
Valentina Caprarulo, Matteo Ottoboni, Carlotta Giromini, Eleonora Fusi, Federica
Cheli, Luciano Pinotti
Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, VESPA
University of Milan
Physical form of diets
• Pelletted
• NATURAL INGREDIENT
DIETS (NID):
– Raw materials and by products
• PURIFIED DIETS (PD):
– Pure ingrendients, such as casein
• CHEMICALLY
DIETS (CDD):
– Aminoacidas, essential
(EFAs), vitamins
DEFINED
fatty
• Extruded
acids
• Liquid
http://keyflowfeeds.com/key-nutrition/key-feed-technologies/wet-steam-extrusion/
Types of diets
http://www.liverini.it/mangimi_per_bovini_carne_1.html
Introduction 1/3
Fiber (NRC 1995)
• Dietary fiber has not been
shown to be required by
the rat.
• Its inclusion in diets may
be potentially beneficial.
• The effects elicited by
fiber depend on the
properties of the fiber
source (i.e., viscosity,
solubility, fermentability).
http://nasirrofiq.blogspot.it/2012/11/title-review-energy-equation-in.html
Introduction 2/3
Introduction 3/3
Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs)
Lipid (NRC 1995)
• Lipids are required by
rodents
to
provide
Essential Fatty Acids
(EFAs).
• Dietary fat is an energy
source and a carrier for
fat-soluble vitamins.
• Diet acceptability.
Aim
• The aim of this study was to evaluate
 nutritional value
 fiber composition (CF, NDF “Neutral Detergent Fiber”)
 fat quality (Peroxide value)
in rodent diets.
Materials and Methods
• 10 Samples
• NATURAL INGREDIENT DIETS (NID)
• PURIFIED DIETS (PD)
• Source
• Biomedicine research inst.
• Feed industry (involved in FEEDNEEDS
project)
Materials and Methods: ingredient list
Wheat, Soybean Meal, Corn, fish meal, corn gluten feed, wheat bran, milk whey powder, alfalfa meal,
1
NID
Yeast, Calcium Carbonate, Soybean Oil, Sodium Chloride, Dicalcium Phosphate, Magnesium Oxide
Flour hazelnut skins.
2
NID
3
NID
4
NID
5
NID
Wheat, corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, soybean oil, calcium carbonate, dicalcium
phosphate, yeast, sodium chloride, corn gluten meal, Magnesium oxide.
Wheat, corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, soybean oil is, Calcium Carbonate,
Dicalcium Phosphate, Yeast, Sodium Chloride, Corn Gluten Meal, Magnesium Oxide.
Wheat, milk powder, potato starch, soybean meal, soybean oil Dicalcium Phosphate, Sodium
Bicarbonate, Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Oxide, Flour hazelnut skins. , Wood Epicea,
Wheat, corn, soybean meal, corn gluten feed, straw, wheat, fish meal, alfalfa meal, Dicalcium
Phosphate, Calcium Carbonate, Sodium Chloride, Whey Powder, Soybean Oil, Flour skins hazelnut.
Materials and Methods: ingredient list
6
NID
Wheat, corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, wheat bran, corn gluten meal, soybean oil, calcium carbonate,
dicalcium phosphate, yeast, sodium chloride, hazelnut flour skins.
Wheat, Corn, Menadione sodium bisulfite, corn gluten meal, sulphate of copper, wheat middlings,
Priridossina Hydrochloride, Soybean Oil, Riboflavin, Calcium Carbonate, Thiamin monohydrate,
7
NID calcium phosphate, vitamin A, Yeast, Calcium iodate , L-lysine, vitamin B 12, iodized Salt, folic Acid,
Magnesium oxidised, Biotin, Choline Chloride, Vitamin D3, dl-methionine, cobalt carbonate, calcium
propionate, l-tryptophan, vitamin E. EXTRUDED
8
PD
9
PD
10
PD
Sucrose, casein powder, Corn Starch, Corn Oil, Dicalcium Phosphate, Sodium Chloride, Potassium
Sulphate, Magnesium oxide
Corn Starch, Maltodextrin, Casein powder, sucrose, soybean oil, calcium carbonate, monopotassium
phosphate, sodium chloride, potassium sulfate, magnesium oxide
Corn Starch, Maltodextrin, Casein powder, Olive Oil, Sucrose, Calcium Carbonate, Sodium Chloride,
Magnesium Oxide
NATURAL
INGREDIENT DIETS
PURIFIED
DIETS
ENERGY
SOURCE
• Wheat
• Corn
• Corn Starch
PROTEIN
SOURCE
• Soy
• Animal meal (milk or
fish meal)
• Casein
• Soy oil
• Corn oil
• Soy oil
• Olive oil
LIPID SOURCE
ANALYSIS
Dry Matter
AOAC 930.15 ed 18 th 2005
Crude Protein (CP)
Ether Extract (EE)
Ash
AOAC 2001.11 ed18th 2005
DM 21/12/1998 GU n 31 08/02/1999 Suppl. 13
AOAC 942.05 and 18 2005
FIBER ANALYSIS
Crude Fiber (CF)
NDF
AOAC Approved Procedure Ba 6a-2005
AOAC 2002.04 ed 20th 2003
LIPID ANALYSIS
Peroxide Value
NGD 35 del 1976 and AOAC 965.33
Results: CHEMICAL ANALYSIS NID
*Expressed on Dry Matter
Results: CHEMICAL ANALYSIS PD
*Expressed on Dry Matter
COMPARISON BETWEEN
CRUDE FIBER AND NDF
Average CF
NID 4,5%
PD 2,3%
Average NDF
NID 19,9%
PD 3,5%
Discussion 1/1
CRUDE FIBER & NDF:
• NID diets: big distance CF 4,5%; NDF
20%.
• PD diets: values very closed CF 2,3%; NDF
3,5%.
• CF and NDF suggest different information
and in NID diet is recommended to get
both values.
Ether Extract
• Average EE
NID 5,4% and PD 7,6% (5-6%).
• Range 3,4 – 12,5 different
ingredients and quality inclusion.
Peroxide Value
25,9 - 187,6 meq O2/
Kg fat
Discussion 1/2
LIPID:
• Lipid content did not affected systematically
peroxidases values.
• In both groups high peroxide values (>100
meq O2/Kg fat) have been measured in low fat
content diets (2.81 up to 5% of ether extract).
• Peroxide value was lower in PDs diet than in
NIDs one (25.90 vs 120.60 meq O2/Kg fat).
Discussion 2/2
• Low fat content do not prevent lipid
peroxidation.
• Fat sources (olive oil vs soybean oil) as well as
technological treatments (i.e. extrusion,
radiation and sterilisation) may affect fat
quality and stability.
CONCLUSION
NID vs PD
• Not easy to compare.
• NID and PD value is in
line with NRC (1995).
FIBER
• NID > PD.
• Quantitative and
qualitative (e.g. NDF)
evaluation is
recommended.
LIPID
• Lipid sources have to be
considered (e.g. corn oil,
soybean oil, olive oil).
• Technological treatments
• Peroxides value can provide
further information.
• The lipid oxidation and
rancidity can reduce diet
acceptability.
• Quantitative and qualitative
evaluation is recommended
• Inclusion of antioxidant
maybe required.
TBA Value
mg malondialdehyde (MDA)/ 100 g
Valutazione del grado di ossidazione attraverso la formazione
dei prodotti secondari dell’ossidazione