1. No category

l( � o
THE JOURNAL OF THE
AUSTRALIAN
CENTRE FOR UFO STUDIES
Published by:
The Australian Centre for UFO Studies
P 0 Box 546 Gosford, N SW 2250 Australia
.
.
Registered for posting as a Publication - Category B
T HE JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN CENTRE FOR UFO STUDIES Volume
1, Number 1.
February 1 980 ..
( C)
No part of this publication may be reproduced
consent of ACUFOS,
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except for UFO organ isations
without prior written
Credit must be g iven.
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I N D E
X
Item ..
Pages.
Author
Editorial/ Int!'uduction
H.
Griesberg & K.
Guost Editurial
D.
Seargent
2
B.
Chalker
2 - 4
Encount8rs with tho UFO Phenomenon
K.
Basterfield
4
The Significance uf early Sightings
J.
Prytz
9 -10
The UFO Question . - Not Y et
B.
Chalker
J.
Prytz
1 - 2
Basterfield
The· Australian Physical Evidence
( APESG )
Study Group
·
Imagery as a possibly psychulugical
Explanation for Reported Clcse
The ACUFOS
.
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Answered
Bibliography Service
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I ntro d u cti(·· n / E ditori_al
Welcome
STUDIES11•
by H.
to the 19801 s and "THE JOURNAL OF T HE AUSTRALIAN CENTRE FOR UFO
..
As discussed at UFOCON 4 ,
( ACOS ) ,
( ACUFOS ) . With
FOl; UFO STUDIES
FOR UFO STUDIES
retitled THE JOURNAL
The ACUFOS
Basterfield.
There are a few announcements we'd l ike to make before we go
any furt hGr
CENTRE
Griesberg & K.
the AUSTRALIAN CO-ORDINATION SECTION OF THE
has changed its name to T HE AUSTRALIAN CENTRE
this change,
OF THE AUSTRALIAN
the ACOS BULLET IN has been
CENTRE FOR UFO STUDIES from this issue.
Journal is intended as a vehicle for the publication of researched
articles and services ·available to Australian researchers by Australian
researchers,
pa�erso
researchers.
a
and will
concentrate on the publication of original researched
In this respect we seek papers of around 20 0 0 -30 0 0 words from all
Articles should preferrably be i n the form of a paper,
i. e.
have
short ab s tract at the beginning, followed by the text, source and reference
notes�
Ideally contributions should be forwarded on A 4 sized paper,
double
spaced for eas·e of retyping for publication.
The new " UFO RESEARCH - AUSTRALIA - NEWSLETTER"
Lad Godic of UFOR ( SA )
for u m,
Inp.
typed
to be published by
will carry the more popular style articles, newsclips
letters etG and �s such the ACUFOS BOURNAL and the Newsletter will
compliment each other presenting two first class Australian publications of
slightly different orientation.
With much regret,
we announce that David Seargent is withdrawing as one
of cur Co-Ordinators. David has contributed much over the past few years,
is
now turning to other activities.
contributor.
but
He will however act as consultant and
Incoming, to replace David,
is Keith Basterfield of South Australia,
w ho along wit h Harry Griesberg will a ct as Co Co-Ordinator of the Centreo
Keit h,
as most of you
will probably know was a past Co-Ordinator of UFOR ( SA )
is now Continental Director for
Australia &
New Zealand for MUFON of the USA.
and
(2)
As. sue�, a firm link between ACUFOS and MUFON exists.
Now for two major announcements.
Firstly, ACUFOS will act as a publishing centre for all Australian researchers
who seek an avenue for publishing special projects or case reports. If you
have, for example a 20 page report on a case or a 50 page catalogue which you
wish to producej·we will offer to take your dr�ft and produce it for you. In
this way, we hope to build up a valuable collection of Australian generated
material for world wide distribution. For further details please contact us.
Secondly, we announce the establishment of a "RESEARCH FUND" to be maintained by
ACUFOS for the benefit of all Australian researchers. The purpose of the fund will
be two fold. One, it will be utilised to finance the publishing services mentioned
abovo. Two, if the fund receives enough support, we hope in the long run to be
able to accept requests for research funds for specific projects and/or
investigation costs involved in high strangeness cases where a rapid investigation
response is necessary. Donations of any amount will be accepted by ACUFOS P.O. Box
5 46 Gosford NSW 2250, and should be made out to ACUFOS RESEARCH FUND, and
rGceipts will be issued. Periodical news of progress of the fund will be issued
and when sufficient funds are available, applications for grants will be called for.
As you can see from this introduction, the words for 1980 are "ACTION",
"RESEARCH", "PUBLICATION'', "DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION", "INCREASED
PROFESSIONALISM" and "MUTUAL SUPPORT". We've started the ball rolling, but we
need your active participation. Please support Australian Research.
by David Seargent�
Guest Editorial.
The new year - and the new decade - is going to be a time of change for
Australian UFO Research. The new high standard JOURNAL and an autonomous centre
for_�fo r�search and investigation prove that we have advanced to a stage
comparable with any other country in this field - a very commendable effort
when we look back just a few short years to all those "teething problems" of
tho early 1970's and the lack of official recognition of this study.
It is to be hoped that UFO research not only becomes more serious (as it
already has become) but is also � to become more serious ( which it has not
become
at least in the eyes of the general public who think that UFO
investigators still chase space ships and "flying saucers"). A good journal,
�nd sound research papers, are the best ways these goals can be accomplished.
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As you now know, I will not be officially involved in the new CENTRE, but
me say that I am one hundred and one percent behind the project and look
forward to seeing new blood infused into �FO research. I am sure that there
rGmains a great deal of potential, yet untapped, among australian researchers
2nd I fGel that the new arrangement will be able to make full use of this.
let
May I take this opportunity to wish Harry and Keith, and all others
involved in this undertaking, the very best of luck and all the success possible
in.clearing away this mystery.
r
by Bill Chalker
T�_e_[\ustralian Physical Evidence Stu� Group ( APESG)
/
A research study group affiliate d-with the Australian 'centre for UFO Studies)
The APESG is a loosely knit group of individuals within Australia who are
interGsted in promoting the aims of high quality scientific documentation and
research of Physical Evidence for UFO reports.
The APESG was formed in 1979, along lines similar to the AUSTRALIAN ENTITY
STUDY GROUP ( AESG - a group particularly interested in "entity" related UFO reports
(3)
that have occured in the AUSTRALIAN region) a Another specialist group, directed
towards studying Australian UFO photographic cases -the AUSTRALIAN PHOTOGRAPHIC
EVIDENCE ANALY SIS CENTRE(APEAC) - has just been formed and together, these study
groups recognise the need for providing focal points of specific re�earch.
Through these groups, individuals interested in specific aspects of the UfO
phenomenon, can support high quality investigation, research and documentation
programmes. All three of these groups - AESG, APESG, APEAC - are affiliated
with the Australian Centre for UFO Studies, and can be contacted through the
Centre.
The aim of the APESG is to investigate.reports where some sort of tangible
interaction with the environment is apparent.
PHY SICAL EVIDENCE:
Physical Traces and Effects ( ground marks etc.)
Effects On Living Things ( physical, physiological & psychological effects on
humans, flora & fauna)
Effects On Human Environment (includes vehicle effects, "EM" casos, instrumental
interactions & recordings etc)
Apparent Inertial & Gravitational tffects ( includes apparent violations of
physical laws)
EXAMPLES OF "PHY SICAL EVIDENCE":
PHY SICAL TRACES & EFFECTS: 1976 - Kettering - ca.25' scorched grass circle
after UFO landing.
1977 - Orange - 4 imprints after UFO "landing".
1976 - N eminha -precipitate: on· car.
1968 - Heyfield - grass wilted at UFO landing site.
EFFECTS ON LIVING THI�GS: 1963 - Willow Grove - headache & cows reacted
violently & subsequently avoided site.
1932/33 -Nambour -blisters on hands.
1969 - Childers - hairstood on end.
EFFECTS ON HUMAN EN v·IRON�1EN.T: 1972 - Murray Bridgo - "EM" e·f-feqt on car.
1944 - Bass Strait - planes instrument affected.
1975 -Lake Sorroll .- effect on radio reception.·
APPARENT INERTIAL & GRAVITATIONAL EFFECTS: 1966 - Burkes Flat -headlight beams
bent towards UFO.
1969 - Casino - "beam" phenomenon.
196 7 - Boyup Brook ... "car control"
·
The APESG is also very interested in receiving data on good examples of
natural phenomena producing effects similar to thoso viewed as "pLysical evidence="
for UFO reports (e.g. fungus rings, ball lightning & fireball inter�ctions.
with environment, etc) .
Technically qualified evaluations will be undertaken on all data- receiu�d, by
consultants. affiliated directly with the Australian Centre for UFO Studi��
and by others, enlisted because of their expertise in particular areas pertinent
to the assessment of. physical evidence.
The g�oup will document and publish studies of such cases, with the eventual
aim of providing the UFO research community with comprehensive and authorative
data related to PHY SICAL EVIDENCE for UFOs in Australia. Copies of these
publications will be distributed to interested parties at cost and forwarded to
all member organisations of the Australian Centre for UFO Studies, free of
charge, in exchange for their co-operation in providing data.
Y pur assistance is sought in bringing our attention to any -"physical evidonce"
cases you may come across and invostigate. Information can be dire�ted to either
ACUFOS P.O. Box 546 Gosford NSW 2250 or APESG c/o P.O. Box 6 Lane Cove NSW·2066.
( 4)
PUBLICATIONS: Australia 1 s first comprehensive listing of "physical trace" cases
is in preparation. Entitled "A SOURCE BOOK OF AUSTRALIAN UFO RELATED PHYSIC AL
TRACE EVENTS AND OTHER RELATED SIMILAR PHENOMENA", it is being compiled by
Bill Chalker. Copies of the paper "PHYSIC AL EVIDENCE FOR UFOS IN AUSTRALIA a preliminary study of the Physical Trace Experience in Australia" by Bill
Chalker, presented at UFOCON 4, 1979, are available from the author, c/o P.O.
Box 6 Lane Cove NSW 2066.
The APESG will concentrate on detailed "case documents" of Australian
PHYSICAL EVIDENCE cases and as these become available they will be sent to all
member organisations of the ACUFOS, free of charge, in exchange for their
co-operation in providing material.
A periodic newsletter
"APESG UPDATE"
compiled by Bill Chalker, will be
circulated �o interested parties and all ACUFOS affiliated groups. It will
carry updates on APESG research activities, Australian & overseas "physical
evidence" cases, science/technology applied to "physical evidence" and literature
reviews. The newsletter will hopefully encourage dialogue on the question of
physical evidence for UFO reports in Australia, the results of which, of course
will be included in it.
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Imagery as a Possible Psychological Explanation for Reported Close Encounter�­
wifflfflG. UFO Phen-omenon.
by �ith Basterfield.
Abstraatg A ten year study of reported observations of UFOs shows there is a
class of currently inexplicable events which may be explainable in terms of known
psychological processes.
]nt�oduction: The great majority of reported observations of UFOs are explainable
in conventional terms once commonsense investigation has taken place. Aircraft,
Satellites, Weather Balloons, Clouds, the Moon, the Sun, Stars, Planets and
Meteors have all been the cause of reports from people caught either by something
which they havn't previously observed Pr by an unexpected or unusual aspect
uf viewing.
Ground markings reportedly associated with UFOs have been caused by fungus,
slime mould, leaf smut, animals, whirl-winds, helicopters and hoaxes.
Even photographs have fallen to the use of sophisticated computer technology
which has now eliminated all but a fow of tho more than 1000 photographs known
tu hnvo boon investigated since 1947.
Radar 'evidence' has been confused by the lack of understanding that even
in th is medium the human element of interpretation still comes into play and
that other cases can be eliminated by the words "anomalous propagation".
The January 1979 New Zealand radar reports in association with two movie films
represents the point in questiuno The New Zealand government declared the radar
targets to be due to faulty equipment and anomaluus propagation effects. The
second film was said tu be Venus and doubt was cast un the initial film as
being cf little scientific value.
The residue left after the above explanation have been taken in�o account
�re a few phctographs which have passed computer analysis, a small group of
physical trace cases and a larger number of cluse onc�unters where verbal
t2stimuny is the only evidence availableo
It is this latter gruup uf reports which will be the subject of this paper.
(5)
The events: The follo�ing example s bf repurted encou nters will illustrate the
typical ev�ht under consideratiQn.
Gum Cr�ek�
( 1964).
South Australia
A farmer's wife lying .awake at 2 ao m.
the
bedroom windowt
nGticed a "figure"
as if "a mrilvie scree n had
suddenly appear outside
been unrolled" .
ThG scene seemed
very bright as if daylight and the entity was revoaled in great det'ail because
of the unusual lighting.
The male figure appeared tu be taking 'photographs',
the n advanced tuwards the window. ·The lady wanted
f�und she · duuldn't.
to speak tu the figure but
She slipped down into bed and fell asleep.
It was conjectured
by her that th� lighting came from an o bject above the house.
Sandfurd9
(1978)
Tasmania
Awake ning due tu a dog
winduw ..
Nu traces were found�
barking a woman rose at llo50
She notioed a " doorway"
It was dark everywhere else surruunding the " dour" .
through the " duor"
p. m.
and looked cut cf the
uf white light out on the rough, frunt driveway.
Huwever through and unly
she cuuld see the drive as if it WGre lit up by daylight.
Then a gulden gluw spread frum the duor and both went out instantly.
Nu
traces
were fuun d.
(1967)
Buyup Bruok, West Australia
A man was driving alune at 9. 30 p&m.
aware of the approach of
" stopped dead"
doing a steady 10 0 kph,
li ghted object fru m the air.
a
and all electrical systems ceased to
Lf deceleratiun at all.
Luuking up he re ported
sudde nly became
The car was i m mediately
There was no· feeling
function.
seeihg an· irridescent blue oval
over the car with a tube uf light extending down ontu tho car.
After an
estimated 5 minutes, the object left and he fuund himself travelling along
at 10 0 kph again with all systems working and no feeling of acceleration.
His watch was later reportedly found to
Prospect, South
At 1 a.m.
Australia
(1977)
whilst driving alone, a 19-year-uld-man claimed he was abducted frum
his car and taken intu an
then returned
object where weird entities were observed.
Australia
(30 0 ) sample of such close en,ounters mainly
lead tu the cunrJ.usion that most are
rural or isolated
localities, at night,
reports, namely 8-10 p .. m.
and 2-4 a.mo
to occur in
There are
'peaks{
in the times of
The type of objects reported varies
treme ndously, and in sume cases a humancid
There
reported
mainly with only une persun present,
frequently when they are driving a vehicle�
with the UFOo
He was
tu his vehicle and found himself still travelling at speed.
A n inspoctiun of a large
within
be 5 minutes slow.
11
figure"
is describe8
in assuciatiun
are physically inexplicable events described such as
"materialisatiun" , cars
being
"taken
over"
frorn the drivers'
cuntrol and
a bduction stories of medical examinations.
In attempting to determine if there was a real event without rcsurt to the
extra-terrestrial hypothesis or uther more fanciful theories, two casGS caught
my attention.
Details fulluwo
Ivy Tanks, Suuth Australia
( 1973)
A lady was travelling as a passenger in a semi-trailer and decided to go tu
sl�ep at 2 a. m.
About 3 a. �.
she heard a warm male voice calling her name and
telling h er to luuk out the winduw.
object surrcunded
by a " force field"
By the sidG uf the ruad she saw an ogg-sh8ped
o
The
entire thing wos alight .with a white
glow which seemed tu cume from all over and inside it.
have
been semi-tr ansparent.
She feels the uval may
This illumination was su goud that she was at a
luss t,_' cumpare the colour and glow to anything she could think of.
the viewing time was short
visible associated with the
inexplicable manner.
(5 seconds) much detail was noted.
u bjecto
The " forc8 fi8ld"
Althuugh
Two figures were
gluw died down in an
She woke up feeling fresh and upon questioning the driver
found he had seen nothing.
Frankston,
Victoria
(1972)
Whilst driving home a 37 year uld housewife encountered a· large silver-blue
irridescent cbject hovering over her car.
Twenty two days later a similar
(6)
or the same object appeared
over her car at the same locationo
engine cut off and cLuldn't be restarted.
the brake and changed gear,
side
all tu nu avail.
of the road and stopped.
three things.
The
The car
All sound drained out
Later a mental
pumped
"controlled itself" to the
cf the
drove
dngine then started itself and she
and report�d the incident.
Suddenly the car's
She tried the steering wheel,
message told her
On the way,
a man "materialised" then latC?r
IYJoeting tw�,_,
other people at the spot she again saw this
air and she was told
to a police station
tu
ITdematerialisC?d11
return tu the spot.
inside her car.
11man" then lapsed into
unconsciousness and whilst physically in the? presence cf two peGple who saw none
cf this,
being taken inside a "ruum"o
she described
cf illumination yet
the rLom was well lit.
There was no visible sign
She then recovC?red in the car.
Other odd psychic events occured at around this timC?7
She was regarded as an average,
As will be noted
ccnsider impossible,
eg.
voices in hC?r head.
normal healthy persun by those who knew her.
from these two reports9
there are items which we would
cars do nut take over c�ntrul of themsC?lves and materialisation
is not an
everyday practice.
crackputs
hero,
Remember though we are not talking of cranks or
we are speaking uf credible,
reliable,
whu stuod up to rigorous cross examinatiunse
multiple uver a period of 6
healthy,
average persons
These events are single or at most
munths in an entire life
time,
repeated unlike so callod "ccntactee" claimso A cuurt
the status of these peuple as reliable witnC?sses.
nut cGnstantly
wculd have no doubt about
A literature search revealC?d that there are kncwn psycholugical phenomena
( as
which are still not fully understood
�rovide
a
hypnagogic imagery
Hypnopompic imagery was su named
may
also occur in
when
a darkened
uf
Alfred
environment
which seem to
hypnopompic and
Maury in
often
1848.
with the
eyes
Maury perceived
with the eyes clused
occur
open.
McKellar
(1972)
i�ep .. rted remarkDbly similar imagery which
they were fully awake.
The imagery content is visual,
s2nsation
by
BL..th types uf imagGry mLJst
reports encountering individuals who
:ccured
These are
(1).
"faces" in the dark.
but
far as a mechanism gues )
possible examination fur these events.
heat /cold,
l•f the day or strange,
smell
or auditory in the main but may alsu include
or tuuch.
They may
bizarre images uf pleasing
be reproductions
of the events
or fright0ning proportions.
Little contrul seoms to be able to be had over their
appearance,
and thus a person
cc.;ulLl
Roality and
images of this
kind
certainly be frmghtened by th�ir sudden onset.
can be readily confused.
One of the most
1lf?aring
une' s name called.
waiting
for a morning call to
basic auditory images is that of
You may recall instances where sleeping or dozing
breakfast�
you hear yuur name called and obediently
trot into the kitchen only tu find a half couked breakfast and a puzzled chef.
Visual images range from simple
compl0x scenes.
Objects can be
( patches
snmetimes an unusual clarity of detail.
Surveys which
culour )
to
intergrated and
Durations range: f r o m seconds to minutes.
Persons experiencing these images comment
lights osing such
of
"st13nge" or noticed f rom an unusual angle with
phras£?s as "strange
on the unusual intensity of coluur and
luminosity"
ond
uf
11glow
the
Sun".
have been dcne have lead to speculati0n that such imagery
is experienced by all but denied by sGme as sume deny having dreams.
t.:f
imagery amongst the population has been found tu range
uccuring to a number either nightly or regular experienced
f1s an example of just how ·"rea 1"
by
McKeller
(1968)
is uf note.
these
images can be,
from
on at
with events
least half the nights.
an instance?
quoted
A young couple had a routine uf the wife getting
'Jrr?akfas t ready for her husband and then seeing him off tu work.
�he recalled getting cut of bed,
klssing her husband goodbye.
The incidence
50--70%
washing,
dressing,
i�t this point sho "woke"
:1cr husband kissing her gcudbye.
One morning
getting breakfast and then
up,
still in
bed to find
She? had been asleep in bed all the time until
that puint.
Grc:en
and Mc Creery
(1975)
��
find
�t
first .appear nurmal but then
rolated what they called
type two awakenings where
peuple awakening normally to find themselves in bed.
become
unusual
or uncannyo
�ay awake immediately to a stressed or stormy feelingo
The surruundings
Alternatively they
In either case they may
( 7)
experience fear, panic or an hall ucination or apparitiunal effect.
This may
also be accompanied by a 9eeming paralysis of the body ur an 1'out of body" stateo
To an outside observer the person would �ppear asleep,
awakening,
Table
I
lying with eyes
Occasionally type tw8 fnlB2 awakenings are simply the sensation of
closed.
then really awakeningo
1
compares characteristics of UFO. events and imagery.
(1973)
would suggest that evohts such as Ivy Tanks
Gum
Cre�k
.(1964)
( 1978)
aro imagery caused as they occured on the awake/ asle.ep
.
interface whore we know imagery occurso
and Sandford
The accounts of the
(1967),
Boyup Brook
Prospoct
(1977)
and Frankstun
·(1972)
cases contain the same basic elements and occured to.persuns travelling alone
in an environment of unrolieved nature,
i.e.
driving along a relatively isolated
road where one would have the probability of being in relaxed wakefulness on the
·
sleep/awake interfaceo
There are hundreds of such events described in the ufo literature which the
"image" hypothesis appears tu be able to satisfactorily c:xplaino
About
100 cases exist on record where people claim tu have been "abducted"
by aliens and subjectc:d to
of
medical examination on board a UFO.
a
An examinaticn
25 cases in depth indicatc:d strung correlation with the types uf event already
discussed. There arG the same basic d�tails present,
except these abductiun
events result in a mere ccnvinced reporter with seeming physiological and
physical traces,
e.g.
glazed
oyes,
nec:dle puncture: marks.
However,
many cases
occur whore the witnesses claim tu have bcc:n awakened from sleep or travelling
in a vehicle where image conditions are uptimum.
One abduction case
( Calgaryy
Canada,
1967)
prosents a further pointer tu
this hypothesis being credibleo
A boy on a three minute walk between two houses
along a paddock arrived home in
a daze. Under hypnosis he revealed he heard
high pitched
nuiso,
medically examined. However the hypnotist believed that tho incident was
actually
a
a
luuked up and saw an object. Ho was taken up intu it ahd
subcunsciuus memory rc:call
·
of an ea�lier appendoctomy operation.
Physiologicel and physical occurrences in pecple might have a parallel with
the medicelly recognised 11hysterical cunversiun11 o
Hysteria is rec.Jgnisod as an
illness resulting frum omutiunal ccnflict and is classically manifested by
dramatic physical symptoms involving the voluntary muscles or the: organ of
special .senses.
During the process of conversion unconscious impulses are
transmitted into bcdily symptums.
e.g.
facial swelling,
The emutiGnal conflict is expressed physically
tunnel vision ur shock.
Mechanism.
Although we accept imagery as occurring we are still not certain of fts�
mechanism.
EEG
experimc:nts reveal that creative imagery is cunnocted with the
Theta brain wave pattern and that excess theta may be evident in schizophrenics
and psychoneurotics.
hallucinations.
Victims of the former can withdraw into fantasies and
Much mure investigatiuns needs tu
premature tu·speculate
Fergusun_
( 1973)
describes how Willimn Dent and assuciates of Stanfurd University
looked at neural discharges
occur must heavily
( but
are th�ugh possible
( rapid
be performed and it wLuld be
en the possible mechanism here beyond repur ting that
eye movement )
.
-
PGO (
punt ine-geniculu-cccipital )
nut exclusively )
spikes which
during paradoxical sleep.
Thc:se bursts
tu bring un the intense visual imagery associated with REM
·
sleep.
If abnormal discharges of this kind occur to normal, h ealthy people at
other than REM sleep periods this might pruve to be a pussible mechanismo
If these encounters aro infact imagos wo would need to address ourselves
to the question of why the form of imagery is mct�ll ic spaceships and entities.
Surely imagery has been with us through the year�?
bu��ing back through time: we du
"visions"
and "ap paritions'1
:n
fact find supporto
People experienced
which were reported in a rc:ligious context and
perhaps became the village oracle or wore held to be witches.
In the middle
�U)
a ge s
w e bec a m e a fr ai d· o f e lves,
pop ulat ion c o u l d b e
is� late d
s p ot s ,
nuteab ly
dem ate r i a l i s atit.n of
a l l c l a sse s
was s ee n
a s chi l d i s h.
The
j ump
fict ion
ha v e m e r e ly
ho u r s
of
r e p c rt e do
grass
fi l m s ,
A
in
f i rml y
a l l t h i s per v a d e d
con v ince d.
s uc h hap p e n i n gs,
rock ets, mis siles
belief i n t h em
an d t alk o f
be l ie�e l i f e exi sts o ut si d e o f th e
b e e n st ron g ly
re i nfo rce d b y
di sc u s s io n on t h e s ubj ect.
mo v e d t he cunte nt
of
in
M at e ri a lis atio n a n d
ge ne r al be l ie f i n
v i sit atio n h a s
an d up e n
A p e rc e nt a� e o f t he
s ee i n g such c reat u res
ruut s o f soc i et y
Ma n y p eup lo t o d a y
buo k s
f a i r ies�
d a rk n ess�
a disb elie f
us
f rom existe nc e tc
sci e nce
an d
r e p o rted
A lon g c a me ai rc r a ft,
li fe.
t hat
we
wa s
wit h t he
c e nt u r y b rc u g ht
ext r a-t e r r e st ri a l
e art h.
d u ri n g t h e
e n t it i e s
o f p eop l e ,
The 2Dt�
h ob g ob li n s
f o u n d w ho act u a l l y
o ur
i ma ge r y
I wo ul d s u g g e st
f rc m the s up e r n at u r a l
t u U F O s.
( 1)
N OT ES:
T h e i nt e r me d i at e p e rio d b et ween
a n d bet wee n s le ep
_B E FER EN C E S :
Fc: rg u su n,
M.
C.
Green,
"T h e B r ai n R e vul ut io n "
and Mc C ree r y ,
" I m a ge
C.
H o r o witz ,
M.J.
fVIcKe l l a r ,
P.
" Expe rie nce
McK e l l a r ,
P.
"Ima g e r y
" T he
R ee d ,
G.
an d
FR
S ch r e ibe r ,
S h ee h an ,
St e v en s ,
an d N at u re
" S y b .tiJ 1"
•
" T he
L . /J..
" Exp l o r e r s
U niv e r s it y
f u ncti o n
o f Cc l o r a do
C.C.
of
Rc ut le d g e
B u ok s L t d
COMPAR I S O N
of
Introspectio n "
I ma g e ry " ,
od
..
P.
a
1973.
1975.
1970 ..
C ha p te r
uf
2
Sheenhan Academic
Hutchinsun U ni Lib r a r y, L on dun
a n d Kegan Pa ul Lt do
LL S
.
A•
19 7 3
I m agery"
B r a i n " A n g u s ancJ
Ph e nome no n "
NY
1958
Lon don
72
1969.
•
Acadornic
Robertsotl
" Sc i ent i fic St u d y u f Unidc::ntified
V allee, J. " A n atum y of
1g
o
and N at u re uf
o f t he
NY
1968.
Exp e rience"
Bant am bu�k s N Y
TAB L E
Pen g uin,
T hom a s,
A no malo u s
P en g u in
P .W .
Co.
L o n don
Hamilton,
an d Lun don 72.
" M ent a l I m a g e r y "
A.
,
H a m i sh
f ro m t he St a n d p ci nt
F un ctio n
" T h e P s y c hu lo g y u f
Ri c h a r d s u n
hy p n a go g ic
Cog nitio n " App letun - Cent u r y -C ruft ,
Be h a v io u r"
" T h e W a lki� g B r ai n "
H.
sleep i s t e r m e d
.Tap li n ge r P ublis hi n g
"Ap p a r it io n s "
Fu r m at io n an d
P re s s NY
Ma g o u n,
w ak e an d
hy p n o p u m p ic&
and awake
Pre s s�
(UK)
�JY & Lon don
Lt d .
Flyin g
1972o
1973
Object s"
1969
N ev i l le Spe ar man,
OF If\'IAGERY V ERSU S C L O S E
Lcndun
19 6 6.
ENCOUNTERS ..
E
C l us e
n c o u nt e r s
IMAG ERY
---------- ----·
Occurs un t h e sleep /awake
Ma i nly
int o rf a c e
o r whGn a wo ke n
- c an
occur
d u r i ng
occ u r
day.
E y2s c lu sG d ,
en v i ro n m ent
o r i n a d a r ke ne d
at n i g h t ,
ap p e a r a nce o r
dis a p p e a r anc�
f ro m s i mp l e tu compl ex
d u rin g
d r i vi n g
ni ght ,
alone
fe w
d u ri n g daylight.
M a i n ly
occ u r
in a da rkened
Occ u r suddenly
objects
and
move a w a y
e n vi r o n m ent.
ha s been
sai d tu
d i sb el i e v e t h�
of
li g hti n g /
cu lc u r
Ma i n poi nt bruu ght
c o lo u rs o f
nu r mal p ecp le
ar e
lu n ge r
bo
of
a
d u r at ion ab d ucti o ns
ubjects
guod
ETH
e nco u nt G r s i s th�
a n d must
i nc rca dib l e s p ee d,
s o rt s of desc riptio n s
This
U n u s u a l q u a l it y
unex p ecte dly
at
Mo m en t a r y e ncc unte r s to
L itt l e cont r o l o v e r the content A ll
He a lth y
often whe n
frum s l eGp
u s ua lly
Litt le contro l o v e r t he
Va r y
occ u r
and a l ie n so
reDsun
to
out by p e o p le r e p u rti n g
intense li ghtin g a nd vi v id
u fu s
N o r m al h e alt hy p eop l e r epo rt.
pe rc i p i ent s
Content may b e b izz a re/ u n u s u a l
Car
stop s ,
car p aces, en gi ne f ail u res, we i r d
which du nut last Gtco
elect rica l ef f ects
Seem i n g ly
i mpo s s ib l�.
( 9)
The Significance of Early Sightingso
by John Prytz.
_
_
......._ _____ �--·-·-···-
Erich vun Daniken et al have recently popularised the idea of using ancient
recurds,
mythology and monuments to "prove" extraterrestrial intervention in
human affairs within historical and even pre-historical times.
very remoteness in time precludes the
Interesting,
but unproveable.
Resistance cumes obviously from anthropological
and ar chaeological orthodoxy, whu
speculations with more
Establishment
�11 such
can, and have, been able to counter
traditional
of Science
visitors is cunsidered
Hwwever, the
speculations from being anything else but.
11dLJwn-tu-oarth"theLries.
As far as the
is cuncerned , modern evidence of extraterrestrial
necessary to satisfy the DGubting Thomas which is part
and parcel uf modern �c ientific methudulogyo
Only then w�uld extrapolation
into the past be plausible.
And so it is in ufulug yo
times
( Ezekiel et al),
A spectacular sighting su recorded in historical
even up through the traditional modern beginnings of
the UFO mystery in 1947 doesn't carry as much
d ues a very recent,
perhaps an unnecessary discounting,
premise is that it might be
.the
weight in the minds of most as
but less spectacular sighting. This is understandable,
discarding and ignoring of d ata.
easier tu find the "smoking gun11
but
My basic
that wLuld
argue?
case fur the UFO extraterrestrial theory within older sightings than with
their
modern counterparts.
Pre-1947
sightings have a lot g oing fur them - a lut to recommend .
.
Though scientific ig norance of aerial phenomena increases as one investigates
reports further and further b2ck into the distant past7
two other facturs more
than compensate fur the fear and superstition that existed thon,
as fur example
attributing stars as being nothing m�re than holes in the firmament.
it
cuuld be argued
that the average human in
with natural aerial phenomena
Even so,
ldC?n times wore? more familiar
than their civilized
cuuntorparts tuday, thuugh I
wun1t stress that ubsorvation.
The fir$t factor relates to the range of possible misidentifiable aerial
phenomena.
This has increased
as one moves from an cient to modern times.
For example, prior tu
170 0, only natural aerial phenomena - clouds, rainbows>
mock suns and sundogs, rings ·around the sun and moon, spider webs, g lwwing
insC?cts, meteors,
Venus, miragC?s,
other atmospheric effects
hallucinations and the aurora borealis and austral:
pussible explanations for ancient UFO sig htings.
at that ) would see the introdu c tion of balloons.
searchlights
(twinkling etc. ),
- c�uld be arg ued as
The 170 0's (and later 170 0 's
Artificial lighting,
(on clouds) and tho like wouldnrt be viable till the use uf
electricity became commonplace.
Aircraft and associated phenomena like condensaticn
trails weren't pussible till the turn of the century (20 th) or later, and uf
course satellit�s and their associated phenumena (ro ckets taking off, space
d ebris reentering the atmosphere etc.) d id n't ent2r the picture in a large
way till WWI I at best and the late 195 0 's for all practical purposes.
introduction of the hoax wouldn't enter into
The
consideration until the UFO
phenomena attained world-wide publicity in 1947.
Thus, even thuugh we can never got ahead of various fcrms of natural
aerial phenomena
(ball lightning.
to the introduction of modern
St.
Elmu's fire etc.)
civilizatio�,
one can g et
unless somehow due
ahead of the
wide diversity of man-mad e phenomena as possible explanatio ns for UFOso
The way
to d o it uf course is by looking at the older UFO reports. Thus, a
sighting in the 1870's,
that if rep�rted in the 1970 's wuuld be suggestive of
satellite crossing the sky, is basically mure solid evidence of the existance
of sumothing very strange going uno
a
One can quasi-plot that period where
de creasing ignorance of natural aerial phenomena mat ches increasing possibilitios
uf man related explanatiuns to
obtain that period that maximizes evidence fur
UFOs as a unique phenumena in its own righto
time
tL be within the poriud of the 170 0 's,
(Figure 1).
prior tu
I'd guesstimate that
the introduction cf the
balloon era, yet within the era of scientific investigation as we understand it
today.
rlGURE 1
� 1 0)
,_....,...
Number
uf
P oss_3JJJ.e
UFO expla�ions
.....-- �'0�1(-'v)
Degroe of Scientific
Ig nurance
���(-
_....,...
PAST
�
1750
PRES ENT
The second reason that oarlier sightings are important is that they more
truely may reflect the occurance of UFO sightings.
Since 1947, UFOs have had
nn aura of ridicule abuut them, which thuugh lessening ,
still persists.
Phrases like "it can't be therefore it isn't,ll" flying saucers," "take me tu
your leader," "silly-seasun phenomc;na," and "little g reen · men" tc;sti fy tu the
scorn hoaped upon UFOs by scientists and to sume extent the general public.
This condition did not, indeed could nut, uccur prior to the Arnuld 1947
sighting .
People seeing .unusual sights and objects would be; less afraid of
ridicule in reporting their experiences, er, uf doctoring thoir reports to
conform tu their pro-existing beliefs regarding the nature uf the UFO phenomena.
phenomona attaining world-wide
Beliefs which could not be held prior tu the
coverGge in
1947.
The ''power cf sugg estion''
must be taken intu accLunt with the
influence bc;came a factor that
publicity.
pust-1947
Lf UFO phenomena would have· beun much more honest and
tu
Hence,
earlier coverage
above-bLard,
relative
tuday.
Thills is not to suggest however that I believe the data prior to
should be the only infcrmation evaluatedo
sightings should be investigated
Far frLm it.
I
do
(as far as possible), searched cut,
attention tu and catalcgued far more than is currently the case.
cf histurical interest a nd idle curiosity unly
worthless· only bocause they are old.
wun
from such material;
•
•
•
1947
think that older
payed
They are nut
then tu be disguarded as .
SGme scientific paydirt tu be
There is
pe�haps just c;nuugh paydirt to document an irun-clad
UFO caso to a far greater extent than it is with current �ightings given the
publicity UFOs have receivod as well as the above mentioned wider range uf.
possible phenomena that can
be
used to ex�lain away such UFO sightings.
The UFO question - not yet answered!
.J2t: !ii_l l
·,<),
Chal�e.Lo.
The course taken by the treatment affL..rded tu the recent "radar-visual"
UFO sightings in New Zealand, by the media, is symptomatic of the facile
attitude g enerally taken with cGntroversial tupicso
ombraced the reports with an unrestrained fervour,
gorish mannor, much closer to travesty than tu
Much uf the popular media
dressing them up in a rather
accurate
factual reporting.
Adopting the transient accoutren,ents of pseudo-researchers, journalists
immersed
themselves in the mystery with g ay abandon.
The modia had apparently
tDken it upon itself a task mure suitod fur oxperionced sciontific UFO
researchers and that part of the scientific community which should be interested
in these
become
reportso
Since .scientific invostig atiuns tako time and can at times
quite laborious, the mo���
unsatisfactcry denouncements.
rapid onquiry,
quickly came fcrth with unsuund and
If the reports are not ammenable tu overnight or
the media so n tires uf them.
merit further consideration�
They are than old news and hardly
(11)
is
toe
p r emat u r e
Z ea lan d
W h i le
r ep u r t s ,
the
a f fair
p la g u e s
t h e U F O p h e n om e n o n .
*
The
media ar e
into
*
it
la r g e ly
s c i e n t i fi c
The
g e nera lly
by
i nt e r p o lat in g
p u b li c i t y 9
makes
at
wide p ress
of
s c i enti fic
e x am i n at i u n .
wi t hc u t
e xi s t e n c e
uf
e xi s t en c e
of
s c i en c e
d i s c o v ery
of
p at terns
i g in
�
is
t h eor i es
tw
laws ,
fo r
a · c o mp e t e n t
all the New
t h o. t
i n v e s t i g at i o n
ar c
is
dGtn
un ly
giv en
are
to
tu
wide
make ridicu lous
an d
n u t.
of
i t s s u p p · _. r t
the
tu
any
U F O r ep u r t s ,
it
e v i d en c e )
e x am i n e t h e
o p in i o n
p at t e r n s
do
o c c ur ,
in
e xi s t G n c e
t he
of
a n a ly s i �
u hi c h
Such
t;av e
la w .
uf 3
r e a li t y
the
an d
ar e
t he
aim
The
and
uf t he
e s t a b li s h e d
an d
L f r e g u lar i t i e s
l�n d s
U FOs
c; n e
c e r t a i n ly
t her e
b y m e an s
been
discuveriQs
s t udy o f
th e
fact
g i v en
le g i t imat e
t o p up u l a r
giv en .
t hat
means
i mp r e s s i u n ,
the
C on t r a r y
tu
an d
tu
le n d
t i me tc
or
t he U FO s ubj ect
lnLL
a p r o b le m w o r t h y
r e g u l a r i t 5. e 3
bee n
has
u f s c i e n t 5. f .i. c
A u s t r a li a �
wi lli n g
C un t r a r y
does
t 2n t a m u u n t
t hen
too
r es e arc h
is
t e k l? S
one
d es c r ip t ion
are
L a uJ s
ar e pru ned
i n t L s i g ht in g s ,
ev e n t u a l n a t u r e o f
(if
1.u h o
are
nor m a l ly
an d
r easunin g ,
uxp e r t s ,
o n ly
t hat
p o n t i fi c a t i un ,
t o r t u r ed
irnp u s s i b le o
and
exp r es s io n
lin es
s t i m u li
t he m a j o r p ro b lems
t h e media .
R e 0 u lar i t i es
the
i n U F O r ep or t s
l e g i t im a t e
an d u f t e n
e mp e r i c a l p h e n u m on u n .
r B g u lar it y
a
fu r m a l
wh i c h
or
r ep or t s
in U FO
ar m c ha i r
s e 1 f a p p L in t e d
2 1ITJ 'J s t
quest�on
a n ew
o bj ect
tu
i ll ··ad v i s ed
t h e U F O p hGn omenun
of
i n d i c a t es
of
Df
w e a lt h o f p r e s e n t
hyp ot h e s is
p at t e r n s
under take
and
t im e s
la t e ,
t ho
tu
l o g i t i m 2 t e s c i e nt i f i c
a11 d
W h i le
i l l · · e q u ip p ed
s t a t e m en t s
d i f f i c u lt ,
c le a r
fu l l o w s :
b ec a us e t hey
s i mp ly
this
as
t he i r o w n p et
u n s u bs t a n t i a t e rl
A ll
ex a c t
are
T he s e
i mp la u s a b l e
" P s o u d o " - r e s e ar c h e r s
•
t he
i d e n t i fi e d
let
t he p r o d u ct
c h a r a ct e r i s ed
*
discuss
c l e e. r ly
a lone qu i t e a n um ber o f o t h er t op ic s �
c o m m u n i t y is t o o p � u n e d t u g i v i n g e xp l a n a t i o n s
s i g ht in g s ,
U FO
to
has
ur
it s e l f t o
c n c; u i r y ..
c i v i J i a n r e s o � r c h c r g an i s a t i c n s , s u c h a s
u u t s c i e n t i f i c a l l y e r i e n t a t e d i n v e s t i g a t i u n s in t u
U F O r ep o r t s . T h e s e u r g a n i s a t i u n s w � r k o � t h e d r fi n i t i o n t h a t a _U F O c u n s t i t u t e s
a r e p o r t o f an a e r i a l p h e n u m en l.: n t h a t i . s n e t O il ly m y s t i f y i n g t u t h e L r i g i n a l
w i t n e s s e s , b u t r e main s un i d c n t t f i c d a f t e r d o t a i l e d s c r u t i n y u f a l l a v a i la b le
e v i d e n c e by p e r s L n s lu h o a r e t e c hn i c a l ly c: u u li f i e d t u m a k e a c o m m o n s en s e
i d e n t i f i c a t i c n i f o n o i s � u s s j b l o . T � e y h a v o t e a m s o f t r a i n e d i n v e s t i g at o r s
in
H er e
( N Sl.d )
R e s ear e h
U FO
w hu
c ar r y
t he
wi t n e s s e s .
out
s c i en t i fi c
s u ch
wide
e n q u i r .i C? s ,
ur
These
w!l i c h n u r rn a l l y
g an i s at i un s
di s c ip lin e s ,
etc ,
H ow e v e r
c o n d u c t ed
,
a r e '!'
it
is
by the
and
.. .
,_
the
-
the
ac c c r d i n g ly
in
un exp la in ed r o p u r t s
r e s e ar c h
t hat
uf
r ep or t s ,
c aused
by
m e t e G r o l o g i c a l p h en o m e n a ,
c um man d s m u s t
T h e u n e xp la i n e d
g r u u� s ,
wit h
in t er v i ews
w i d e r an g e u f
a
lar g o n u mb e r
a s t r o n cm i c a l u bj e c t s 1
ns
. . i d e n t i f i E' d �
c i v i li an
amo u n t s
and
for p at tern s
wh i c h
o f in
I f an y o n e
p henome non ,
budy
of
c f t he
r ep o r t s ,
r es e ar c h
wh i c h
100
t u uk
both
a bo u t
the
h er e
s c i en t i f i c
c as es
a c t u a lly
tu
ar e
un
fi le
o bs er v e d
to
time
c. n d
ext r ao r d i n a r y
m a in s t r oam
tu
a b r L, a d
11 U FO
a li g h t
un
un
Gur
ap p l i e d
l e Gv in g
such
1 977.
c G s es
In
b eh i n d
K e t t e r in g ,
tu many
bct h
uf
occured
c a s es ,
grass
was
T h3 t
soi l and
in
is ,
be
A u s t r a li a a l on e
c an
b e:
�< c t t e r i n g ,
e
t ha t
such
b y m u c h o f t he
in
wit h
t h er e
which
the
c lo s e
en v i r o n m en t ,
s u b s e q u e n t ly
and
is
a U FO is
s t u d i e8 o
t h o r mo l u m i n e s c en c e
cascs o
u bj ects
k i l le d
u f t he U F O
a s t u un d ed
r e p or t s
inter act
t hat
t h e e x t en t
i gn o r e d
l a � g e ly
2 x a:np l r:;; ,
gruund
t heso
at
with
i n c lu d i n g s p oc t r o s c up y
t a n g i b l e p hy s ic a l
the
f a m i li a r
um u ld , I f E: e l ,
r e main
For
t he
have
Twu
t h ey
lan d i n g s " .
a n a ly t i c a l t e c hn i q u e s
d u r in g
,
c omm u n i t y .
of
Ext ensive
b e en
b e c o m e:
d a t a c L u ld
p r o d u c i n g p h y s i c a l e f fe c t s
At
f e a t u r e u n - t h c: - s p o t
c o n s u lt a n t s
hav e
2 0% u f t h e t o t a l r e c e i v e d , a r e e x a m i n e d i n t e n s e ly
e n c o d e d on an A u s t r a li a n U F O c o mp u t e r f i l e , b a s e d i n S y dn e y
o p e r at c: s i n c u n j u n c t i u n uJ i t h 1 1 U F O C !\T 1 ' .- a v a s t c c r n p u t e r f i le , c u n s i s t i n g
e x c e s s o f 8 0 , 0 0 0 e n t r i e s , l o c at o d i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s ..
g enera lly
to
s ev e r a l
c a r ry
r a n g i n g p h e n u rn e n a
a i r cr a ft ,
a
�
were
f fe c t s
T a s m an i a
c b s c; r v e d
a ft er
o f f an d
the
in
1 976
an d
n e ar
a li gh t i n g on t h e
d C?p a r t u r e
s u b s o q u en t ly
of
r e p la c e d
O r an g e ,
gr o un d
N SW
and
t h e U F Os.
by
a t o u g h er
,
(12)
s ma l l c i r c u la r
c ut tin g gras s . F o u r
i r · t h e O r an g e c a s G �
A u s t r a li a n H i r
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us
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uf
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in
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site
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if
t h at
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again ,
du z en
and
p o s ::: i b l e
88
" e xp l a i n e d ; '
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w a f'
ground ,
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h av e
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ap p r u ac h
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1 965 �
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=
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this
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d r as t i c p au ci ty
Air
.
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v i c l e n t ly
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an d
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me t L? u r o lo g i c n l m an i f e s t a t i cn s " b y
d u r in g F e br u a r y 1 9 6 3 , n e a r M u e in
u bj ect
of
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at
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a
i s o f f i c i a l ly r e s p o n s i b l e f u r
r e f e :::::- t u Q S 1 1 U n u s u a l A e r i a l S i g ht i n g s "
f a r s h o r t o f an a c c o p t a b le s c i en t i f i e
t h ey
Th e U n it ed S t at es
g r o s s ly
been
in
( RAAF)
wh at
m a n i p u la t i o n
s c i e n t i fi c m e t ho d o l o g y
r op or t s
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in t u
h G v e c o n si s t e n t ly
u n b as h ed
hu les
a p o o :r:-
quest ion .
i n t h E: U F O
i n v c lv r.m on t
uf
r ecord
le: L F t h i s � o r r y c a m p 2 i gn i.. a t t"l e C n n d u n r e p o r t o r n t h e
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f a l l t.? d t u d r a w an y p u s i t i v e i n f e r e n c e f r u rn t h e: t r u c: }y p u z z l i n g c a s e s t h a t
a bu un d e d in t h i s s t u d y . The: C o n d u n r ep o r t c u n c l u d e d t h a t t h e r e Lv a s lit t l e
0 c i en t i fi c m e r it
in s t u d y i n g U F O s a n d y e t we h a v o c u n c lu s i u n s s u c h as t h e
fu l l u w i n g w i t h i n t h e r e p u r t. : " T h i s i s u n o L f t h r f e UJ U F O r e p L :r t s irt wh i c h a l l
F a c t o r s i n v e s t i g a t e d � g e o m c:: t r i c , p s y c h � lu g i c a l , en d p h y s i c a l a p p e a r t o b e
c L n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e a s s e r t i o n t h at a n r: x t r oo r d in a :- y f ly in G u b j e c t , s i lv e r y �
m e t a l l i c ? d i s c - s h c p e d , t r:n s u f m e t c: r s i n d i a r.1 e t o r � f l e w t.•d t h i n s i g h t u f t wo
• u it ne3 s es . "
U n f o r t u n a t e ly t h i s c c n c l u s i 0 n g i v � n t o t h o M c M i n n v i l l c , O r e g 0 n p h u t u s i s n o t
c r o u.m i n g
T h L::
un i qu e
tu
o x omp
t he
c u n c l� s i o n s
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the
wi n d s
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g r u up
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y c: t
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G EP I�N
with
in
tu
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c a s c: s ,
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t h at
wor e
a r c:
e 'J i d o n t .
1. S A ,
read
tho
c �m e
aw2y
wit h
t h e cverall
in
i gn u r ed
as
s t at e s
d1
its
t ha t
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head c
Dr
C la u d o
..
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Du� ing
u e s P h e:-� u m e n e s "
G EP A N
w i t n c:: s s e s
and
a
t1 as
hav e
-
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t h e r e was
the
1 977 ,
a
fr e n c h
an o f fi cia l U FO
a lr e a d y m a d e
r e a l ly
s c i e nt i s t
a ft G r
c on v i c t i o n t h a t
the
s cr u t i � y o
s c i en t i f i c
c lc s e
P u h Gr
s um m er y
c ases
/
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· ·
Dr .
s u ch
a ll
r c:: p u r t o
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fu r m G d
g o v e r nm G n t
r t:: s e a r c h
,
an d
C o n cl u n
c :l a n g o
of
fr e n c h
r o a l p r o b le m
r 2p u r t ,
study ,
o f t he
s e c:: n
its
t ha
fi r s t
fact s
t hey
c a s e s c o u l d n u t b � o x p la i n 0 d � w i t n e s s e s ap p e a r t o h av e
s e t:: n ma t e r i a l p h e n u m en c n , " r e la t iV E) t o a f ly i n g m a c h i n e o f uj h i c h t h o li f t i n g
f o r c e s a n d p r o p u ls i o n m e a n s a r C? e n t i r e ly ' J n k n u wn t o o u r k n G w l e d g o " a n d t h a t
t h e s e c o n c l u s i o n s a r t:: b 5 c k e d u p ' ' w i t h o u r r e g a r d t o r u J.i n g o u t a l l d u u b t f u l
a n d m i s in t e r p r et at i o n c a s e s ' '
G EP AN ' s f i n a l c o n c l u s i o n i s 1 u i t c s o b e r i n g .
" S t u d y o f s u c h p h e n L' m cn u n d c: e m s t o us c a p n b l e o f i n c r e a s i n g m a n k i n d s kn c w l e d g e
f e r e f f e c t i n g i m p r 8 v e rn e n t i n o u r t e c hn i q u e s
f1 l l t h i s h a s an e x t e n s i v e i mp o r t an c e "
must
descri be ,
uf
the
·
o
T h o m a s K u hn
of
r ev o lut i on a r y
fo l l o w ed
by
i n d i c a t Gd
lur ches .
p ro t r ac t ed
an d
sc ien t i fie
t hat
Each
d i s lo c a t i o n
o ft e n
u n o e r s t a n d i n lJ a d ·J an c e s
of
Lo r i n g p o � i o d s
uf
c o m m u n i t y i s b e c u m i n g c u m p la c e n t i n i t s
i n d i v i d u a l , b e:: i t h e r e t i c a l , s u b li m Q o r r i d i c u l o u s
s c i en t i f i c
p a r a d i gm
is
r en t
asund er .
by a
s er i es
t h e:: c u n t e m p o r a � y p n r a d i g m ,
is
c � n s u li d at i u n Q J u s t as t h e
l e g i t i m a c y , s om e c u n c ep t o r
dues
it
a g a i n an d t he
c u r r en t
·
(1 3)
I
b e l i ev e
that
t he
data we
h a v G o n U F O s p la c e s
us o n t hG
ed g e
o f s uch
a r ev o l u t i o n i n s c i e n t i f i c t h o u g h t o . T h e U F O r bp o r t s a r e li t e r a l l y s c r e a m i n g
o ut
fu r
study .
d i s lo c a t i o n
As Dr .
J.
h as p u t
in
A.
it ,
rogue
in
H ynek ,
C h ar les
a ut h o r
We
it
t he
c ap t a i n e d
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5)
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a
J up i t e r :
on
et
C.M.
et
10)
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1 ' 0 r g an i s m s
P o n n a mp o r u m a ,
Gains11
I
h av e
ex h um e d ,
marc h . ;,
Cyril
P o n n amp � r u m a ,
Cy r i l
6
Dec .
1974
-
" S p a c e c r a ft
"Still No
p.
Ed .
-
196 5
U\ u s t r a li a n
Ap r i l
( in )
L i fe
E d i tion) ,
Engi n e e r i ng N e w s ,
- C h e mi c a l &
to G r o w t h L f M i c r o o r g a n i s ms o n U r an u s 1
197 7 - p . 793 -808 .
- M i c h a ux ,
C .M.
et
J up i t e� - N . A . S . A o ,
in
N u v . 1 973 .
1 7 N o v . 197 3 p 309.
22 J nn . 1973 , p 43 .
12
- S c i e n c e N e ws ,
t h e L i q u i d P l an e t "
A t mo s p h e r e "
a l - H an d b o o k o f t h e
W a s h in g t o n ,
- O mn i ,
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- C hemi ca l Evo lu tio n
of the
OoC.
May
26
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1 979 - p . 24
19:72 p . 1 3 7
A ug .
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197 6 .
( Ed)
-
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of L i fe
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-
J o h n P r_rt? .
Ml- l t c n
&
,
P L� t 8 r
in
- L i f e o n J up i t e r ?n
692 -6 9 3 .
.
A bu u t L i f e
on
J up i t o r "
21-2 3 .
checks
Si g n s
wi l l ma r c h .
- T he N e w Y o r k Times ,
b u t U n li k c: ly "
" L i fe "
1973
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e xc l u d e d o
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-
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J an .
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S u r v i v e J u v i an -T y p e
S cien t ist ,
1 1)
s cien c e
113 -114 .,
Mou r e ,
l e ap
f t h e D a mn e d " :
T he
J up i t e r
al -
n e w q u a n t um
f i r s t h a l f o f t hi s c e n t u r y ,
u
exc luded .
t he y '
J up i t e r - li k o
al
E xp e r i e n c e " ,
a v as t
accur sed ,
P hy s i c a l P r op G r t i e s u f t h e P l a n G t
7)
8)
9)
t he
p a l l i d data t hat
- p . 4.
L y nn
11 T h e U F O
a p r o c e s s i o n o f d a t a · t hat
P os si b lG
an d T i t an "
t i me in i t i a t e a
c o mp la c e n t p a r a d i g m .
d a mn ed .
mean
f a r -o f f !"loo n ?" - T i m e
1976
.
M a r g U li s ,
P•
" B oo k
1 96 3
on
in
" L i fG
Mi chaux ,
-
his
t he m - o r
sys t e m :
" A T h e o r y o f L i fe
M ay
by
book
in
s h o u ld m a r k
B i b li o gr ne hy S e r v i c e
n B a ct er i a T h r i v e
31
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o f t he
read
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t h e so lar
N ·e p t u n o
6)
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mank i n d .
way
damn ed ,
t h in k ,
t h e a u t ho r a t i v e
t he U F O
fo r
t hi s
B a t t a li o n s
in
of
I
an d ne t
i n d e f a t i g a b l e i co n o c l a s t o f t h e
Fort p ut
By
L i fe
b a s e wi l l ,
con t emp o r a r y
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data
o ur
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T ha t
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severe
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T i t an "
- ThG
- Sp a c e W o r l d ,
- T h e A u s t r a li a n ,
( Ad e l a i d e) A d v e r t i s e r ,
- S c i G n c e N e ws ,
29
- N ew
J an .
1977
-
4
4
p.
S ep t .
S ep t .
72 .
·J 979 .
1979.
1980 -06- 0 2
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1 5)
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1 7)
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3)
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-
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7 Jan .
May
1 9 74
F e e l L i f EJ i s P o s s i b le o n S a t u r n Moo n "
1 973.
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1 9 73
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1 973
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pe
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t he M a r t i a n
43 -5 4 .
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•
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,
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_
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u f A d op t i o n uf
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l ) B a r t u s ia k 9 M a r c i a F .
�-�-' 18 A u g u s t 1 9 7 9
U FO
Air
Science
Over
Force
o f U fo lo g y 1 1
- N ew
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I r an 1 1 - O mn i ? Au g u st 1 9 7 9 - p . 3 0 , 3 2 .
' C o v c r U p 1 1 1 - ? t m:_lq,g_ , M a y 1 9 7 9 - p . 1 6 .
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p . 1 2 2 - 1 2 3 ..
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'3 ) 11 F u o t p r i n t f� y s t e r y � B u t I t ' s ' N y e t ' t o Y a t i 11 - T h e (M e l b o u r n e) S un �P 'i_ c t o ri a l � 3 0/ 10/ 7 9 .
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