1. art and entertainment
2. movies and tv
3. movies

Educators’
Study
Guide
Table of Contents
To the Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
To the Teachers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
About the Movie. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
About the Musical Based on the Movie. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
About Jean Shepherd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Jean Shepherd Trivia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Life in Ralphie’s World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
The Great Depression. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
The Great Depression Facts and Figures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1940 Trivia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Bullying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
BB Gun Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Post-Performance Classroom Activities
Discussion Topics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Vocabulary Words. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Post-Performance Classroom Activities
BB Gun Safety Quiz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Word Search. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Crossword puzzle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Questions About the Show. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
A Christmas Story, The Musical! Educators’ Study Guide
by Patty Carver
© 2011 Leg Lamp, LLC
www.AChristmasStoryTheMusical.com
2
To the Students
T
he show you are about to see—A Christmas Story, The Musical—is based
on the classic movie, A Christmas Story. The story is the same, but the
presentation is very different because it is a live, musical performance
on stage. For those of you that know the movie (and that is very likely most of
you), note the adaptations that are made in presenting this story as a theatrical
production. Note how music, lyrics and underscoring are used to enhance the
scenes as well as sets, lights, sound, costumes and props. Remember, there are
always many ways to tell the same story. This is A Christmas Story, The Musical! So
sit back, relax and enjoy!
d
To the Teachers
T
hank you for choosing to bring your students to see A Christmas Story,
The Musical! This Educators’ Guide is intended to enhance your trip to the
theater, so that you’ll have some fun and interesting education links at your
fingertips for pre- and post-performance activities. We hope you use some or all
of the following material to create a more comprehensive theatrical experience for
your students.
Special note about age appropriateness
A Christmas Story, The Musical! is based on the Warner Brother’s movie classic,
A Christmas Story and Jean Shepherd’s book, In God We Trust, All Others Pay
Cash. Though the stage adaptation you are about to see is marketed as a “family
musical,” it is based on a PG-rated movie and Jean Shepherd’s humor. Therefore,
it includes some sophisticated comedy and a little bit of off-color language (as seen
in the movie). When considering school group bookings, A Christmas Story, The
Musical! is recommended for grades 4 and up, targeting the middle through high
school grades.
With regard to A Christmas Story (the movie), Common Sense Media says:
— Recommended for ages 8 and up
— Wonderful antidote to cutesy holiday tales; some swearing.
3
About the Movie
R
alphie Parker wants only one thing for Christmas: an Official Red Ryder
Carbine-Action 200-shot Range Model Air Rifle. Set in the 1940s in the
fictional town of Hohman, Indiana, A Christmas Story tells of Ralphie’s
desperate quest to ensure that this most perfect of gifts ends up under his tree
this Christmas.
The biggest obstacle standing in his way is his mother’s fear that “You’ll shoot
your eye out!” But Ralphie is a man with a mission, and he hatches a series of
schemes designed to win his coveted holiday prize.
Along the way, he has to deal with his annoying little brother, a friend with his
tongue frozen to a lamppost, a yellow-eyed bully, a cantankerous department store
Santa, the neighbors’ dogs, his old man’s obsession with a “major award” he’s won
in a contest, his mom’s militant defense of her Christmas turkey, a smoke-belching
furnace, and an untimely, four-lettered slip of his tongue.
A Christmas Story, The Musical! is based on the classic 1983 movie, which itself
was based on stories by legendary radio humorist Jean Shepherd. With songs both
funny and sentimental by Benj Pasek & Justin Paul, and a faithful yet inventive
book by Joseph Robinette, A Christmas Story, The Musical! paints a refreshing
holiday portrait of a simpler time in America. Unforgettably capturing every child’s
holiday wonder with deliciously wicked wit, a nostalgic eye, and a heart of gold, it’s
a Christmas present that audiences of all ages will be sure to embrace and cherish
for generations to come.
d
About the Musical Based on the Movie
A
Christmas Story, The Musical! began life, of course, in the mind of author,
radio host, raconteur, and comic genius Jean Shepherd. Based on his
childhood in 1930s Indiana, Shepherd spun a series of tales that he either
published as short stories, read for his radio audience, or presented live on the
college circuit. Among these were “Duel in the Snow, or Red Ryder Nails the
Cleveland Street Kid,” “Flick’s Tongue,” and “My Old Man And The Lascivious
Special Award That Heralded The Birth Of Pop Art.”
These stories and others were woven together by Shepherd, screenwriter Leigh
Brown, and director Bob Clark into a screenplay for the 1983 MGM film
4
A Christmas Story, starring Peter Billingsley, Darren McGavin,
and Melinda Dillon. In its theatrical release, the film’s box
office performance was only mediocre, but after Ted Turner
purchased the MGM film library in 1986 (and TimeWarner subsequently acquired Turner Entertainment
Co.), the film found a new life on cable television.
Beginning in the late 1980s and continuing through the
90s until today, A Christmas Story has steadily grown in
popularity and now occupies the #1 spot on several prominent
lists of all-time favorite Christmas movies. For over a decade,
TNT has broadcast a 24-hour marathon of the film each holiday
season that has set ratings records.
In the year 2000, an authorized stage play adaptation of A
Christmas Story was written by Philip Grecian which is produced
widely each holiday season. But in 2006, a musical theater version of the nowclassic story was created, featuring a book by veteran playwright Joseph Robinette.
In 2008, theatrical producers Gerald Goehring, Michael F. Mitri, and Michael
Jenkins came aboard and director Eric Rosen joined the creative team.
December 2008 saw a very successful reading of the musical in New York City,
featuring film and stage star Beau Bridges as Jean Shepherd himself, narrating
the tale, Gregg Edelman as The Old Man, Liz Larsen as Mother, and Annie Golden
as Miss Shields. In Spring 2009, Kansas City Repertory Theatre was chosen as the
site for the World Premiere of A Christmas Story, The Musical!, where it debuted on
November 20, 2009. The production shattered box office records and was hailed a
triumph by press and patrons alike.
The commercial tryout of A Christmas Story, The Musical! took place at the
acclaimed 5th Avenue Theatre in Seattle, WA during the holiday season of 2010.
This staging exceeded financial and attendance projections and clearly validated
the popularity of the beloved movie title in a large, commercial venue. 68,735
people saw the show during its holiday run and the box office had a substantial
increase over White Christmas—the holiday show featured the year before—
becoming the second highest single-ticket selling show in the 5th Avenue’s history.
2011 will bring A Christmas Story, The Musical! on a five-city National Tour,
starting at the Hershey Theatre in Pennsylvania on November 8th and concluding
in Chicago, Illinois on December 30th at the legendary Chicago Theatre. The tour
will be helmed by renowned director John Rando and choreographer Warren
Carlyle. A cast album will be released nationwide in conjunction with the tour.
d
5
About Jean Shepherd
J
ean Shepherd (1921–1999) is a familiar
name to millions of people who enjoy the
annual television marathon showing of the
1983 holiday film, A Christmas Story. Shepherd
based the film, which he co-authored, on his 1966
collection of short stories about growing up in
small town Indiana, In God We Trust, All Others
Pay Cash. Over the decades, the film, in which
Shepherd’s voice is heard as the narrator, has
developed a cult-like following. A simple Google
search for “A Christmas Story, movie” turns up
more than 59,000,000 results.
The movie became an instant classic due to Shepherd’s uproariously funny,
ironic and honest portrayal of the euphoria and manic anticipation families
experience around Christmas time. Shepherd’s irreverent personality made him the
natural choice to narrate the film. He even makes a cameo appearance in the film
as one of the disgruntled customers waiting in line for Santa Claus.
During the 1950s, 60s and 70s, he was the sardonic host of a nightly radio
program on WOR in New York where his scorching comedy and witty observations
on the human condition made him one of radio’s most popular personalities.
Although he claimed that his shows took days of preparation, people who worked
with him say he improvised most of his talk. For the length of the program,
Shepherd would wax philosophical about life, his childhood, his army days and the
general human condition. He addressed his listeners as, “You fatheads,” and used
his favorite word, “excelsior,” repeatedly with varying definitions.
After Shepherd finished his career with WOR, he wrote a column for The Village
Voice, published short stories, and contributed articles to Reader’s Digest, Town &
Country, and a variety of other publications. He also became a noted screenwriter,
and starred in his own television programs over the years.
During his final years, Shepherd and his fourth wife, Leigh Brown moved to
Sanibel Island, Florida, where he died of natural causes on October 16, 1999. A
year after his death, Shepherd was inducted into the Broadcasting Hall of Fame.
d
6
Jean Shepherd Trivia
d Provided the voice of the Narrator/Father character in the “Carousel of Progress,” an attraction at Disneyland and Walt Disney
World theme parks.
d Inspired the deejay character in Jack Kerouac’s novel On the Road (1957), Jason Robards’ character in the play A Thousand
Clowns (1965), and Peter Finch’s famous rant in the movie Network (1976).
d He is mentioned in the “Dictionary of American Slang” in the entry for “Night People”, which is defined as “People who work
or live at night, sleeping during the day” and “Noncomformists.” The dictionary goes on to credit Shep: “Pop. by N.Y. City disk
jockey and social commentator Jean Shepherd, c.1956.” In his early years of radio on WOR in New York, during his late night
broadcasts, Shep referred to his listeners as “Night People” often explaining how they differed from “Day People.”
d Early in his tenure at WOR, he and his listeners decided to play a prank on the New York Times best-seller list. He suggested
that they go to bookstores around the city and start asking for a book that didn’t exist. The listeners suggested the title
(I, Libertine!), an author name (Frederick Ewing), and even gave this fictitious author a fairly detailed biography. The phony
book and its phony author were soon a hot topic in transatlantic publishing circles, appearing on best-seller lists, getting
mentioned in Earl Wilson’s syndicated gossip column, and even getting “banned in Boston.” Finally, one of his listeners, a
reporter for The Wall Street Journal, persuaded him that it was time to let the rest of the world in on the joke. By then, the
book was such a big deal that Ballantine Publishing asked Shepherd to actually write a book called I, Libertine!, and with the
help of science-fiction writer Theodore Sturgeon, he did.
d Steve Allen, who listened to Shepherd on WOR, suggested him as his replacement on “Tonight!” (the first of the “Tonight
Show” series) in the late 1950s. NBC went with Jack Paar instead, deciding that Shepherd was too caustic and unconventional
to host a network show.
d W as a licensed amateur (ham) radio operator with the call sign K2ORS. Following his death, another ham took over Jean’s call
sign to honor his memory.
d He provided all the voices for the “Sesame Street” skit, “Cowboy X” (1972).
d Shepherd helped John Cassavetes raise money to film Shadows (1959) by having John on his show as one of his rare guests in
February 1957. The grateful Cassavetes expressed his thanks in the opening credits of the movie. A title reads: “Presented by
Jean Shepherd’s Night People.” Shepherd also appears in a crowd sequence in the film, smoking a cigarette.
d He wrote a column for The Village Voice weekly newspaper in New York City, called “The Night People Column” (1956–57).
d In 1976, the International Platform Association awarded him its Mark Twain American Humor Award.
d Awarded a Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Indiana University in 1995.
d Posthumously inducted into the Broadcasting and Cable Hall of Fame on November 13, 2000. Shep’s longtime friend Irwin
Zwilling accepted the award on his behalf.
d In 2002, his home-town of Hammond, Indiana named the new Community Center in Dowling Park the “Jean Shepherd
Community Center.” On April 7, 1981, he had received the city’s second annual Hammond Achievement Award.
7
Life in Ralphie’s World
A
lthough the year in which the movie takes place is not specifically stated, the
year is probably 1940. This was just as the Great Depression was coming to
an end and just before the United States entered World War II.
The world of Ralphie Parker in A Christmas Story is very different from life
today. Televisions were very rare. Instead, radios and newspapers provided an
information lifeline for Americans. Whole families gathered around the radio to
listen to news broadcasts and popular programs like “Little Orphan Annie,” quiz
shows, mysteries, dramas, music and sports.
Here are just a few toys, popular items of the day, and historic events in
Ralphie’s world...
Red Ryder BB Guns were the preference of Red Ryder, a fictional
comic book cowboy in the 1940s, but the Red Ryder air gun, with
it’s lever action, spring piston, smooth bore barrel, adjustable
iron sights, and a gravity feed magazine with a 650 BB capacity
was a real product and highly desired by many American boys.
The Red Ryder “Range Model Carbine-Action BB Gun” in the
movie was a fictional model from Jean Shepherd’s imagination.
It included a compass and “this thing that tells time” which
were never a part of the Red Ryder BB Gun. The “Buck Jones”
Daisy Air Rifle did have a compass and sundial in the stock
and could have served as an inspiration.
Boy, It’s A Daisy! The Daisy Air Rifle Company actually had its beginnings back
in 1882 as the Plymouth Iron Windmill Company, a manufacturer of windmills
in Plymouth, Michigan. However, by the late 1880s, the windmill business was
changing and the struggling company began looking for new ways to attract
customers.
In 1886, Plymouth inventor Clarence Hamilton introduced a new idea to the
windmill company. It was a combination of metal and wire, vaguely resembling
a gun that could fire a lead ball using compressed air. Lewis Cass Hough, then
president of the firm, gave it a try and, after his first shot, enthusiastically
exclaimed, “Boy, that’s a daisy!” The name stuck and the BB gun went into
production as a premium item given to farmers when they purchased a windmill.
The gun was such a huge success that Plymouth Iron Windmill soon began
manufacturing the Daisy BB gun in place of windmills! On January 26, 1895
the company’s board of directors officially voted to change the name to Daisy
Manufacturing Company, Inc.
8
The sturdy little Daisy BB gun quickly became a staple with American youth.
Youngsters all across the land cut their shooting teeth on a Daisy. Competition
was keen at the time, with guns such as Bulls Eye, Dewey, Hero, Dandy, Atlas
and others appearing almost overnight and disappearing just as quickly. Over the
years, Daisy has continued to improve and expand their line of airguns, putting
model after model within the reach of every young shooter’s pocketbook and skill
level.
In 1958, Daisy moved their offices and manufacturing facilities from Plymouth
to Rogers, Arkansas where the company continued to prosper and grow. One gun,
more than any other, played a major role in making Daisy the household name
it is today. Introduced in 1939, the Daisy Red Ryder sold over 9 million units,
easily making it the most famous BB gun ever built! Today, Daisy has become a
household word, selling guns in almost every country and on five continents.
“The Little Orphan Annie Show” was one of the first 15-minute daily radio serials made
for children. The show was sponsored by Ovaltine
and ran from 1930 to the early 1940s. It was
inspired by the daily American comic strip by
Harold Gray about a young orphan girl, her dog
Sandy, and her guardian, Daddy Warbucks. They
encounter many adventures including gangsters,
spies, and kidnappers. The show was also known
for it’s opening theme song sung by Pierre Andre.
Ovaltine is a brand of milk flavoring created in 1904 in Switzerland and is still
available today. The powdery mix, made of sugar, malt extract, cocoa and whey,
is often mixed with warm or hot milk. As a sponsor for “The Little Orphan Annie
Show,” Ovaltine offered Secret Decoder Rings in exchange for proofs of purchase.
Decoder Rings were all the rage during the golden age of radio, lending
an air of participation to popular radio shows like “Little Orphan
Annie.”
Shirley Temple Dolls were manufactured by Ideal Toys and Novelty
Company and were fashioned after Shirley Temple, the child star
known for films such as Bright Eyes, Heidi, and The Little Princess.
Lionel Trains were electric toy trains and model railroads that were embellished with
hand-painted details and authentic elements. Elaborate train displays were often
featured as part of department store Christmas displays and a Lionel Train Set was
routinely found under the tree on Christmas morning.
9
Open Road for Boys was a popular boy’s outdoor adventure fiction
magazine from 1919 to 1950 that featured advertisements for model
airplanes and Red Ryder products.
Jujubes are a candy drop created in 1920 and are still available today.
Originally, it was a hard candy that you had to suck on and the
original flavors were lilac, violet, rose, spearmint and lemon.
The Movies! Ralphie may have read books like Daniel Boone and
Make Way for Ducklings, but one of the most popular forms of
entertainment was at the local movie house where he might
have seen National Velvet, Lassie Come Home, Flash Gordon, Roy Rogers,
and Superman. Ralphie could go to see a double feature, with newsreels and a
cartoon—plus a candy bar—for only a dime!
No Computers! Because personal computers were decades away from being
conceived, there were no cell phones or email, internet or Xbox. One of the earliest
computers, the ENIAC, was completed in 1945. It weighed 30 tons and was two
stories high!
Radio Flyer is a brand of toy wagons and sleds that are still
popular today. The Radio Flyer Company was founded in
1920 by Antonio Pasin, when he began his business by
making wagons at night in his little woodworking shop and
selling them by day. During the 20s, using the auto industry
as inspiration, Pasin began using metal-stamping technology
to produce steel wagons, and applied mass production
techniques to wagon making. These innovations earned
Pasin the nickname, “Little Ford.” To date, Radio Flyer is the
#1 wagon maker in the world.
From 1942-1945, Radio Flyer was asked to stop wagon
production and focus all it’s manufacturing effort on making
5 gallon steel “blitz cans,” used to transport fuel and water during the war. On
July 14, 1945, Radio Flyer was awarded the Army-Navy “E” Award, for high
achievement in producing materials needed for the war.
In 2003, Antonio Pesin was honored by becoming the 44th toy innovator
inducted into the Toy Industry Hall of Fame.
10
Zeppelin. Randy falls asleep under the Christmas Tree with a toy zeppelin or airship
in his arms. A Zeppelin is a type of rigid airship pioneered by the German Count
Ferdinand von Zeppelin in the early 20th century. Given the outstanding success
of the Zeppelin design, the term “zeppelin” in casual use came to refer to all rigid
airships. Zeppelins were operated by the Deutsche Luftschiffahrts-AG. DELAG,
the first commercial airline, served scheduled flights before World War I. After the
outbreak of war, the German military made extensive use of Zeppelins as bombers
and scouts.
The World War I defeat of Germany in 1918 halted the airship business
temporarily. But under the guidance of Hugo Eckener, the deceased Count’s
successor, civilian zeppelins became popular in the 1920s. Their heyday was
during the 1930s when the airships LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin and LZ 129 Hindenburg
operated regular transatlantic flights from Germany to North America and Brazil.
The Art Deco spire of the Empire State Building was originally (if impractically)
designed to serve as a dirigible terminal for Zeppelins and other airships to dock.
The Hindenburg disaster in 1937, along with political and economic issues,
hastened the demise of the Zeppelin.
The Hindenburg was an airship that
was the center of a disaster that took place
on Thursday, May 6, 1937, as the German
passenger airship LZ 129 Hindenburg
caught fire and was destroyed during its
attempt to dock with its mooring mast at
the Lakehurst Naval Air Station, which is
located near the borough of Lakehurst,
New Jersey. Of the 97 passengers on board,
(36 passengers, 61 crew), there were 35
fatalities as well as one death among the
ground crew.
The disaster was the subject of spectacular newsreel coverage, photographs,
and Herbert Morrison’s famous recorded radio eyewitness report from the landing
field, which was broadcast the next day. The actual cause of the fire remains
unknown, although a variety of hypotheses have been put forward for both the
cause of ignition and the initial fuel for the ensuing fire. The incident shattered
public confidence in the giant, passenger-carrying, rigid airship and marked the
end of the airship era.
d
11
The Great Depression
T
he Great Depression began with the
Wall Street stock market crash in
October of 1929 and rapidly spread
worldwide. The crash marked the beginning
of a decade of high unemployment,
poverty, low profits, deflation, plunging
farm incomes, and lost opportunities
for economic growth and personal
advancement. Although its causes are still
uncertain and controversial, the effect was
a sudden and general loss of confidence in
the economic future, creating a downward
economic spiral of reduced spending, falling
confidence, and lowered production.
Banks began to fail in October 1930—one year after the crash—when farmers
defaulted on loans. There was no Federal Deposit Insurance during that time
as bank failures were considered quite common. This worried depositors that
they might have a chance of losing all their savings, therefore, people started to
withdraw money and changed it into currency. As deposits taken out from the
bank increased, the money multiplier decreased, which means money circulation
is slowed down. This led to a decrease in the money supply, an increase in interest
rates and a significant decrease in investment.
Economists dispute how much weight to
give the stock market crash of October 1929,
but it undoubtedly played a role in the initial
depression. It clearly changed sentiment
about and expectations of the future, shifting
the outlook from very positive to negative,
with a dampening effect on investment and
entrepreneurship. Double-digit unemployment
figures characterized the depression years.
Industries that suffered the most were
construction, agriculture (as dust-bowl
conditions persisted in the agricultural heartland), shipping, mining, and logging,
as well as the manufacture of durable goods like automobiles and appliances
that could be postponed. The economy reached bottom in the winter of 1932–
33. Then came four years of very rapid growth until 1937, when the recession
of 1937 brought back 1934 levels of unemployment. The depression caused
12
major political changes in America. Three years into the
depression, Herbert Hoover lost the 1932 presidential
election to Franklin Delano Roosevelt in a sweeping
landslide. Roosevelt’s economic recovery plan, the New
Deal, instituted unprecedented programs for relief, recovery
and reform, and brought about a major change in the role
government played in Americans’ lives.
In the “First New Deal” of 1933–34, programs, sought
to provide work and relief through increased government
spending. In 1934–36, through the “Second New Deal,”
Roosevelt and his party and added Social Security, a national relief agency called
the Works Progress Administration (WPA), and, through the National Labor
Relations Board, a strong stimulus to the growth of labor unions. Unemployment
fell by two-thirds in Roosevelt’s first term (from 25% to 9%, 1933–1937), but then
remained high until 1942.
Following the recession of 1937, southern Democrats joined with Republicans
in a conservative coalition to stop further expansion of the New Deal and further
spending by the government. By 1943, they had abolished all of the relief programs
with the exception of Social Security and labor laws were revised by conservatives
in the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947.
The Great Depression and the New Deal remain a benchmark amongst
economists for evaluating severe financial downturns, such as the economic crisis
of 2008, and the United States’ present economic situation.
The biggest shift towards recovery from the Depression came with the decision
of Germany to invade France at the beginning of World War II. France’s defeat
meant that Britain and other allies would look to the U.S. for large supplies
of materials for the war. The need for these materials created a huge spurt
in production, thus leading to promising amount of employment in America.
Moreover, Britain chose to pay for their materials in gold. This stimulated the gold
inflow and raised the monetary base, which in turn, stimulated the American
economy to its highest point since the summer of 1929 when the depression began.
Once World War II began, corporate energies were directed to winning the
war. By 1939, the effects of the 1937 recession had disappeared. Employment in
private sector factories recovered and employment leaped from 11 million in 1940
to 18 million in 1943. By the end of 1941, WWII defense spending and military
mobilization began one of the greatest booms in American history, thus ending the
last traces of unemployment and the Great Depression.
d
13
The Great Depression Facts & Figures
d In 1929—before the Depression began—the unemployment rate averaged 3%.
d In the 1920s, the banking system in the U.S. was responsible for about $50 billion, which was about 50% of GDP.
d Between 1929 and 1932, industrial production fell by nearly 45% and homebuilding dropped by 80%.
d From 1929 to 1932, about 5,000 banks went out of business.
d By 1933, 11,000 of the 25,000 U.S. banks had failed.
d Between 1929 and 1933, U.S. GDP fell around 30% and the stock market lost almost 90% of its value.
d Corporate profits had dropped from $10 billion in 1929 to $1 billion in 1932.
d 13 million people became unemployed. In 1932, 34 million people belonged to families with no regular full-time wage earner.
d In 1933, 25% of all workers and 37% of all nonfarm workers were unemployed.
d In Cleveland, the unemployment rate was 50%; in Toledo, Ohio, 80%.
d One Soviet trading corporation in New York averaged 350 applications a day from Americans seeking jobs in the Soviet Union.
d Over one million families lost their farms between 1930 and 1934.
d Between 1929 and 1932, the income of the average American family was reduced by 40%.
d Nine million savings accounts were wiped out between 1930 and 1933.
d 273,000 families had been evicted from their homes by 1932.
d There were two million homeless people migrating around the country.
d Over 60% of Americans were categorized as poor by the federal government in 1933.
d In the last prosperous year (1929), there were 279,678 immigrants recorded, but in 1933 only 23,068 came to the U.S.
d In the early 1930s, more people emigrated from the United States than immigrated to it.
d W ith little economic activity, there was scant demand for new coinage. No nickels or dimes were minted in 1932–33, no
quarter dollars in 1931 or 1933, no half dollars from 1930–32, and no silver dollars in the years 1929–33.
d The U.S. government sponsored a Mexican Repatriation program which was intended to encourage people to voluntarily move
to Mexico, but thousands, including some U.S. citizens, were deported against their will. Altogether about 400,000 Mexicans
were repatriated.
d New York social workers reported that 25% of all schoolchildren were malnourished. In the mining counties of West Virginia,
Illinois, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania, the proportion of malnourished children was perhaps as high as 90%.
d M any people became ill with diseases such as tuberculosis (TB).
14
1940 Trivia
U.S. President :
Franklin D. Roosevelt
World Series Winners:
Cincinnati Reds
NFL Champions :
Chicago Bears
Stanley Cup Winners :
New York Rangers
Golf, US Open Winner :
Lawson Little
Tennis, US Open Winners:
Donald McNeil/Alice Marble
NCAA Football Champions :
Minnessota
NCAA Basketball Champions :
Indiana
Kentucky Derby Winner :
Gallahadia
Hottest Fashion Icons :
Hedy Lamarr, Rita Hayworth, Lana Turner, Betty Grable
Time Magazine Man of the Year : Winston Churchill
Miss America :
Francis Burke, Philadelphia, PA
#1 Pop Standard Song :
“When You Wish Upon A Star” by Glenn Miller
Academy Award for Best Picture : The Grapes of Wrath
#1 Best-Selling Book
How Green Was My Valley by Richard Llewellyn
Newbery Award, Children’s Book Daniel Boone by James Dougherty
Caldecot Award, Children’s Book Abraham Lincoln by Ingrid & Edgar Parin d’Aulaire
Most popular toy/Christmas gift Red Ryder BB Gun
Quote: Pat O’Brien in Knute Rockne, All American
“Now, I’m going to tell you something I’ve kept to myself for years. None of you ever knew George Gipp. He was long
before your time. But you all know what a tradition he is at Notre Dame. And the last thing he said to me, ‘Rock,’ he said,
‘sometime when the team is up against it and the breaks are beating the boys, tell them to go out there with all they’ve
got and win just one for the Gipper. I don’t know where I’ll be then, Rock,’ he said, ‘but I’ll know about it and I’ll be
happy.’”
Quote: Henry Fonda in The Grapes of Wrath
”I’ll be all around in the dark. I’ll be everywhere, wherever you can look. Wherever there’s a fight so hungry people can
eat, I’ll be there. Wherever there’s a cop beating up a guy, I’ll be there. I’ll be there in the way guys yell when they’re
mad. I’ll be there in the way kids laugh when they’re hungry and they know supper’s ready. And when people are eatin’
the stuff they raise and livin’ in the houses they built. I’ll be there too.”
d Bugs Bunny was born in Brooklyn, NY
d M &Ms were invented by Frank Mars and Bruce Murrie
15
Bullying
I
n A Christmas Story, The Musical!, the character of Scut Farkus is a bully.
Though the play is set sometime around 1940, little has changed with regard
to the facts about bullying. However, the treatment and attitude toward bullies
and bullying has changed considerably.
Read the following on the different aspects of bullying and discuss the questions
as they relate to A Christmas Story, The Musical!:
The act of bullying occurs when one child manipulates another child through
threats, violence, verbal abuse, or uses other intimidation tactics to force the child
to do something or exclude the child from a group. Also, in most cases involving
school bullies, the bully is more physically imposing than his victim. Bullies almost
always have low self-esteem. If there is something about themselves they don’t
like, by putting someone else down, they are distracting from their own problems.
Bullies may behave this way to be perceived as popular or tough or to get attention.
They may bully out of jealousy or be acting out because they themselves are
bullied. Bullies are also angry. Most likely they were also bullied at some point. We
call this the “Bully Cycle.”
How did Scut Farkus bully the other children?
Bullying consists of three basic types of abuse—emotional, verbal, and physical.
It typically involves subtle methods of coercion such as intimidation. Bullying can
be defined in many different ways. Some U.S. states have laws against it. Bullying
behavior may include name calling, verbal or written abuse, exclusion from
activities, exclusion from social situations, physical abuse, or coercion.
What type of bullying is in A Christmas Story, The Musical!?
Bullying ranges from simple one-on-one bullying to more complex bullying in
which the bully may have one or more “lieutenants” who may seem to be willing
to assist the primary bully in his bullying activities. Bullying in school and the
workplace is also referred to as peer abuse.
Who was Scut Farkus’ “lieutenant?”
Bullying can occur in any place human beings interact with each other. This
includes school, church, family, the workplace, home and neighborhoods. Bullying
can exist between social groups, social classes and even between countries.
Why do you think Scut Farkus bullied the other children?
Bullying can be classified into two categories: direct bullying, and indirect
bullying. Direct bullying involves a great deal of physical aggression, such as
16
shoving and poking, throwing things, slapping, choking, punching and kicking,
beating, stabbing, pulling hair, scratching, biting, scraping, and pinching.
Indirect bullying is characterized by threatening the victim into social isolation
through techniques such as spreading gossip, refusing to socialize with the
victim, bullying other people who wish to socialize with the victim, and criticizing
the victim’s manner of dress and other socially significant markers (including
the victim’s race, religion, disability, sex, or sexual preference, etc.). Other forms
of indirect bullying are more subtle and more likely to be verbal, such as name
calling, the “silent treatment,” arguing others into submission, manipulation,
gossip, lies, false rumors, staring, giggling, laughing at the victim, saying certain
words that trigger a reaction from a past event, and mocking.
Did Scut Farkus display direct or indirect bullying, or both?
Effects of bullying on those who are targeted
Since bullying is mostly ignored, it may provide an important clue in crowd
behavior and passer-by behavior. Numerous psychologists have been puzzled
by the inactivity of crowds in urban areas when crimes occur in crowded places.
Many have suggested bullying as one of the reasons of this decline in emotional
sensitivity and acceptance of violence as normal. When someone is bullied, it is
not only the bully and victim who are becoming less sensitive to violence. In most
cases, the friends and classmates of the bully and the victim accept the violence as
normal.
How did Scut Farkus react when Ralphie stood up to him and fought back?
Bullying often takes place in the presence of a large group of relatively uninvolved
bystanders. In many cases, the bully creates the illusion that he or she has the
support of the bystanders. That instills the fear of ‘speaking out’ in the victim as
well as the majority of the bystanders.
It is seldom that a bystander will intervene on behalf of the victim. In fact,
bystanders usually tend to lean toward the bully’s side. In 85% of bullying
incidents, bystanders are involved in teasing the victim or encouraging the bully, or
doing nothing at all.
If the bully faces no obstruction from the people around, it gives permission to
continue behaving badly.
How can you help if you see someone being bullied? What can you do to help even if you are afraid of
being bullied yourself?
17
Bullycide: Bullying that leads to the suicide of the victim.
The term “bullycide” was coined by journalist Neil Marr in the book Bullycide:
Death at Playtime, which was co-written by the late anti-bullying crusader Tim
Field. It draws on the real stories of torment experienced by children at the hands
of bullies. Driven beyond their ability to cope with the systematic abuse of bullying,
and seeing no other way to escape, these children took their own lives to end their
suffering.
It is estimated that about 60-80% of children are bullied at school.
There is a growing body of research which indicates that individuals, whether child
or adult, who are persistently subjected to abusive behavior are at risk of stress
related illness which can sometimes lead to suicide. Those who have been the
targets of bullying can suffer from long term emotional and behavioral problems.
Bullying can cause loneliness, depression, anxiety, and lead to low self-esteem and
increased susceptibility to illness. In the long term, it can lead to Post Traumatic
Stress Disorder.
What can you do if you know of someone that has been bullied over a long period of time?
Cyber-bullying is any bullying done through the use of technology. This form
of bullying can easily go undetected because of lack of parental/authoritative
supervision. Because bullies can pose as someone else, it is the most anonymous
form of bullying. Cyber bullying includes, but is not limited to, abuse using email,
instant messaging, text messaging, websites, and social networking sites.
What can you do to help stop Cyber-bullying?
Here are some ideas for anti-bullying activities to try in your school
Institute an Anti-Bullying Week. The idea for Anti-Bullying Week started in the
United Kingdom, but it can be a great way to kick off an anti-bullying campaign
in your school as well. Official Anti-Bullying Week is held during the third week
in November. Arrange special anti-bullying events throughout the week and
encourage students to participate in anti-bullying activities.
Classroom Role Play. Role plays can be an effective way to help students see things
from a different perspective. Write down some different bullying scenarios on small
pieces of paper. Divide students into pairs or small groups. Have students choose
a paper at random, then have them role play the scenario they’ve chosen. The
18
scenarios could include scenes from A Christmas Story. When the scene ends, have
them switch roles.
Anti-Bullying Brainstorming. Discuss certain bullying situations with your students.
Ask them what they would do if they were involved in, or witnessed, that situation.
For example, ask your student to imagine that they witnessed the new girl at
school being called names by a clique of more popular girls. Have them brainstorm
possible solutions, such as telling a teacher, befriending the new girl, etc.
Have a “Mix it Up at Lunch” Day. Mix it Up at Lunch is a project started by the
Teaching Tolerance program of the Southern Poverty Law Center. The designated
day is November 10, 2009, but you can do this activity at any time. The idea is
the have students mix up their social groups in the cafeteria, sitting with different
kids.
Resources & Reading
And Words Can Hurt Forever: How to Protect Adolescents from Bullying, Harassment, and Emotional Violence
by Garbarino, J. & de Lara, E. (2003) The Free Press: New York NY.
Bullycide in America: Moms Speak Out about the Bullying/Suicide Connection by Brenda High, Bullycide.org
Bullycide: Death at Playtime by Neil Marr & Tim Field
Bullies and Victims in Schools: A Guide to Understanding and Management by Valerie E. Besag
The Complete Guide to Understanding, Controlling, and Stopping Bullies & Bullying: A Complete Guide for Teachers & Parents
by Margaret R. Kohut
The Fight That Never Ends by Tim Brown
A Journey Out of Bullying: From Despair to Hope by Patricia L. Scut
Odd Girl Out: The Hidden Culture of Aggression in Girls by Rachel Simmons
Peer Abuse Know More! Bullying From A Psychological Perspective By Elizabeth Bennett
New Perspectives on Bullying by Ken Rigby
Why Is Everybody Always Picking on Me: A Guide to Handling Bullies for Young People by Terrence Webster-Doyle. Book and
Teaching curriculum.
Why Nerds are Unpopular by Paul Graham.
19
BB Gun Safety
B
B gun safety is extremely important. BB guns are not toys and can be
dangerous. Think about the scene in A Christmas Story, The Musical! when
Ralphie shoots his BB gun for the first time. He does, in fact, practically
shoot his eye out with his “air rifle.” If he had followed basic BB gun safety rules,
he would have been fine.
Many people do not realize how easy it is to injure yourself, someone else (or
even potentially kill someone) with a BB gun. Even if you don’t have a BB gun, it’s
good to know the rules that must be followed when using BB guns or other types of
guns in case you unexpectedly come into contact with one.
Safety Rules for Kids from the National Rifle Association (NRA):
If you find or come into contact with a gun:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Stop.
Don’t touch.
Remove yourself from the area.
Tell an adult.
It’s particularly important that children leave the area where the gun is located
to avoid being harmed by someone who may not know how to touch it. A child as
young as 3 has the finger strength to pull a trigger. It’s also important for kids to
tell an adult about a gun that’s been found.
Important Safety Tips from BB-Guns.org
d Check out both local and federal laws and regulations. Different states have different BB gun safety laws and rules. Certain
guns are not allowed in certain places!
d Start out shooting at a shooting range. It is the safest place to learn how to shoot.
d Do not allow minors (persons under 18 years of age) to shoot any type of gun (not even a BB gun) without active adult
supervision.
d Do not carry your BB gun in a public place. Doing so may actually be illegal in your state.
d Do not alter the color of your BB gun. If it has a fluorescent orange tip, that is for a reason! Policeman have been known
to shoot and fire upon children who have removed the safety orange color form their guns, because the policemen could
no longer recognize the guns as anything but real guns. You could be putting yourself and others in danger.
d It is not recommended that children under the age of 16 are allowed to operate a high velocity BB gun. Take a look at the
velocity type of your BB gun or air rifle before using. The warning will likely say, “May be dangerous up to 350 yards,” as
well as other warnings. Be sure to follow all warnings.
20
Pre-Performance Classroom Activities
Discussion Topics
d H ave a discussion about who has seen the movie, A Christmas Story.
Emphasize to the students that the
musical is based on the movie and there will be similarities as well as differences.
d H ave the students been to the theatre to see a musical before? Discuss the shows they have seen.
d D iscuss why it is important to be respectful of the live actors on stage. Discuss the many differences
between watching a movie at home and going to the theatre to see a show.
d In addition to the actors on stage, discuss the importance of being respectful of those seated around you.
d D iscuss the various art forms and disciplines used in producing a musical:
Sets & Carpentry
Painting
Costumes
Makeup
Props
Sound
Music
Lyrics & Poetry
Drama
Voice & Singing
Dancing & Movement
d D iscuss how all these disciplines are put together to make a show and how the actors must work
as a team.
21
Vocabulary Words
Prize
Subtle
Fragile
Insinuate
Boggle
Ozone
Glorious
Beautiful
Symbol
Victory
Radio
Electric
Natural
Margin
Compass
Theme
Stock
Maneuver
Epic
Struggle
Fluidity
Emporium
Plastic
Academic
Fudge
Guillotine
Connoisseur
Profanity
Justice
Mysterious
Punishment
Stricken
Poison
Appointed
Benefit
Conclusion
Cabbage
Jealous
Shattered
Remains
Annihilation
Disappointed
Explanation
Equations
Hound Dog
Mangy
Strange
Santa Claus
Department Store
Connection
Fuse
Retribution
Spectacular
Icicle
Gradually
Season
Christmas
Marauders
Nuance
Remorse
Eloquent
Bully
Victim
1. Look up the definitions of the words in the dictionary.
2. Do you remember how the vocabulary words were used in the show?
3. Write sentences using the vocabulary words.
4. Write a “theme” using the above vocabulary words. Perhaps the topic could be,
“What I want for Christmas.” Use as many of the vocabulary words as you can!
5. Have a spelling bee using the vocabulary words.
22
Post-Performance Classroom Activities
BB Gun Safety Quiz
Discussion topic:
Think about the scene in the show when Ralphie shot his BB gun for the first time. What safety ruled did he
neglect to follow?
True or false…
1. If you find a gun, stop, don’t touch, leave the area and tell an adult.
T
F
2. Treat every gun as if it were loaded.
T
F
3. When shooting a BB gun, always wear protective eyewear.
T
F
4. Guns not in use should be loaded.
T
F
5. Some states have laws prohibiting BB guns from certain places.
T
F
6. The safest place to learn how to shoot is in your back yard.
T
F
7. You should never carry a BB gun in a public place.
T
F
8. If you find a gun, bring it to an adult.
T
F
9. It is acceptable to change the color of a BB gun.
T
F
10. Ralphie really did almost shoot his eye out!
T
F
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Word Search
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Find and circle the following words in the puzzle above. They may be going across,
upward, downward, or diagonally!
RADIO
ZEPPELIN
SANTA
ELF
A CHRISTMAS STORY
TRAIN
MUSICAL
BULLY
ORCHESTRA
FLAG POLE
AWARD
TRIPLE DOG DARE
CHINESE RESTAURANT
BREAKER
OH FUDGE
BASEMENT
THE GREAT DEPRESSION
DEPARTMENT STORE
STUDENTS
MAGAZINE
RANDY
RALPHIE
RESCUE
SNOW
MILK
OVALTINE
CARBINE
INDIANA
WISH
OLDSMOBILE
DAYDREAM
DECORATIONS
DECK THE HALLS
SHOOT
STUCK
DARE
TONGUE
TURKEY
THEME
LIFEBUOY SOAP
TREE
SLEEP
TIRE
RED RYDER BB GUN
MORNING
SING
MAJOR
FURNACE
BEHAVE
LEG LAMP
LIGHTS
24
Crossword Puzzle
25
Across
Down
2 Decoder Pin message (2 words)
1 One of the Great Lakes
7 “Randy looked like a ____ about to pop!”
3 He stuck his tongue to a flagpole
9 They ate the turkey (2 words)
4 The Lone Ranger’s horse
12 Little Orphan _____ Show
5 Western _____ Telegram
13 She made the bunny suit (2 words)
6 Miss Shields was disappointed in these
14 Mrs. Parker read this magazine
8 The Narrator (2 words)
16 Santa’s address (2 words)
9 Scut Farkus
19 The Great __________
10 “You’ll _____ your eye out!”
24 Santa’s helpers
11 Christmas dinner, instead of turkey.
27 Ralphie wanted a Red _____ BB Gun
15 “I triple ___ dare you!”
28 Higbee’s __________ Store
17 Ralphie’s teacher (2 words)
31 Mr. Parker’s vehicle.
18 The “clinker” in the basement.
32 Ralphie was blinded from ____ poisoning
20 W
hat Ralphie asked Santa for instead of a
BB Gun.
33 1940 US President
34 The street on which the Parker’s resided
36 The ______ of Oz
37 Chicago _____ Sox
21 Mr. Parker won it!
22 Randy’s favorite present
23 Randy wouldn’t eat his __________
25 Scut’s “lieutenant” (2 words)
26 A Christmas ________
28 The holiday month
29 R alphie told his mom that an ________
hit him in the eye
30 World ___ II
32 Ralphie blamed him
35 Oh _____!
26
Questions About the Show
Do you remember...?
1. Where did the story take place?
2. What was the name of the town’s department store?
3. What were the Parker boys’ names?
4. What did Ralphie want for Christmas?
5. What was Mr. Parker’s “clinker” in the basement?
6. What did Mr. Parker do to win the “Major Award?”
7. What was Mr. Parker’s “Major Award?”
8. What was the school bully’s name?
9. What was Ralphie’s teacher’s name?
10. On what did Flick get his tongue stuck?
11. Who came to help Flick unstick his tongue?
12. What brand of soap did Mrs. Parker use to wash out Ralphie’s mouth?
13. What was Ralphie & Randy’s favorite radio program?
14. What was Ralphie waiting for in the mail?
15. What did Ralphie’s mother say when he asked for a BB gun for Christmas?
16. What was “the mother of all dares?”
17. Why couldn’t Randy put his arms down?
18. Who had yellow eyes?
19. What were the neighbor’s pets called?
20. How did Mrs. Parker get Randy to eat his potatoes?
21. The crate that contained the “Major Award” had what message on it?
22. What did Aunt Clara make for Ralphie?
23. What happened to the Parkers’ turkey?
24. Where did the Parkers go for Christmas dinner?
27
Answers
BB Gun Safety Quiz
DISCUSSION TOPIC: He did not read the warnings. He ran through the house and outside with the gun. He did not wear
protective eyewear. He did not have adult supervision. He shot at a target with potential ricochet.
QUIZ: 1. True, 2. True, 3. True, 4. False (unloaded), 5. True, 6. False (a shooting range.), 7. True, 8. False (Tell an adult. Don’t
touch!), 9. False (Never alter the color of a BB gun. It could be mistaken for another type of gun.), 10. True
Questions About the Show
1. Hohman, Indiana
2. Higbee’s
3. Ralphie and Randy
4. A Red Ryder BB Gun
5. The furnace
6. He completed a crossword puzzle.
7. A leg lamp
8. Scut Farkus
9. Miss Shields
10. On the flagpole
11. The fire and police departments
12.Lifebuoy
13. The Little Orphan Annie Show
14. The Decoder Pin
15. “You’ll shoot your eye out!”
16. The Triple Dog Dare
17. His snowsuit was too puffy.
18. Scut Farkus
19. The Bumpus Hounds
20. She told him to “Eat like the little piggies eat.”
21.“Fragile”
22. A pink bunny suit
23. It was eaten by the Bumpus hounds.
24. A Chinese restaurant
28