Howard Thomas
General Presentation
Citrox®
1
Natural defence
All plants have
some form of
defence
mechanism
against damage
or injury.
2
Seville Orange
3
What is Citrox® ?
•
Citrox® is a patented
combination of small &
large flavonoids
molecules with known
anti-microbial / viral
activity:
 Neohesperidin
 Narangin
 Poncirin
 Rhiofolen
•
Enhanced activity by
addition of natural fruit
acids:
 Malic
 Citric
 Ascorbate
4
Approvals
Citrox® has been developed over a number of
years and has been approved by the British
Government’s MAFF (now DEFRA) to control the
onset of various diseases such as:
•
•
•
•
Newcastle’s Disease found in chickens
Foot and Mouth Disease
Tuberculosis
Swine Fever
5
Approvals
Citrox® is also approved by the Department of Health
(HPA) for use as a disinfectant and has all the EUregulations.
•
Citrox® is also approved to decontaminate fresh
produce for Britain’s leading supermarkets.
•
Conforms to EU Organic Farming Regulations for the
treatment of fresh produce.
6
Effectiveness
Citrox® has been independently tested and found to be effective
(i.e. killing pathogens with an efficiency rate of 5 logs-up to
99.9998%)
The list of organisms against which Citrox® has been tested and
found to be effective is long:
Bacteria
Alternaria spp
Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus niger
Aspergillus oizae
Aspergillus terrus
Campylobacter jejuni
Candida albicans
Chaetomium golbosum
Dipiodia natalensis
Escherichia coli
F. sp. tuberosa
Fusarium sambucinum
Geotrichum candidium
7
Effectiveness - bacteria
Klebsiella pneumonia
Lactobacillus pentoaceticus
Legionella pneumophila
(NCTC11192)
Listeria monocytogenes
MRSA (clinical strain)
Mycobacterium fortutium
(NCTC 8573 for indication of
tuberculocidal activity)
Penicillium digitatum
Penicillium funiculosum
Penicillium italicum
Penicillium roqueforti
Penicillium sp.
Phomopsis ortl
Proteus vulgaris
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(ATCC 15442)
Pullularia pullulans
Salmonella chloreraesuis
Salmonella typhimurium
(DT004)
Scerotinia laxa
Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC
6571)
8
Effectiveness - bacteria
Staphylococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus sp.
Sterptococcus faecalis
Trichophyton iterdigitale
9
Effectiveness - viruses
Viruses
H5N1 (Avian Influenza A)
Human Rhinovirus Influenza A Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV) Urbani SARS -
African swine fever
Foot & mouth disease
Gumboro virus
Herpes virus type 1
Herpes virus type 2
Herpes zoster
Hepatitis A & B
10
Effectiveness - yeast & fungi
Yeast and Fungi
Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus niger
Aspergillus terreus
Botrytis cinerea
Candida albicans
Candida glabrata
Chaetonium globosum
Cladosporium
Collectotricum sp.
Fusarium sp.
Mucor sp.
Penicillium sp.
Pullularia pullulans
Pythium sp.
Trichophyton interdigitale
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Protozoa
Histomonas meleagradis
Giardia lamblia
Entamoeaba histolytica
Blastocystis hominis
11
Broth Micro Dilution
MIC values for each micro organism in the presence of Citrox BC30.
BC30
A odontolyticus
1.000
A viscosus
C albicans
0.800
C glabrata
C krusei
0.600
C parapsilosis
C tropicalis
0.400
C difficile
P gingivalis
0.200
P buccae
P intermedia
0.000
0
0.
00
7
0.
01
5
0.
03
1
0.
06
2
0.
12
5
0.
25
0
0.
50
0
1.
00
0
2.
00
0
4.
00
0
8.
00
0
Absorbance (Turbidity)
1.200
% Citrox (v/v)
S gordonii
S sanguinis
Broth Micro Dilution
Candida albicans
1.200
Absorbance
1.000
0.800
BC30
MDC30
0.600
0.400
0.200
0.000
0
0.007 0.015 0.031 0.062 0.125 0.250 0.500 1.000 2.000 4.000 8.000
% Citrox (v/v)
Broth Micro Dilution
Candida glabrata
1.200
Absorbance
1.000
0.800
BC30
0.600
MDC30
0.400
0.200
0.000
0
0.007 0.015 0.031 0.062 0.125 0.250 0.500 1.000 2.000 4.000 8.000
% Citrox
Broth Micro Dilution
Candida krusei
0.900
Absorbance
0.800
0.700
0.600
0.500
BC30
MDC30
0.400
0.300
0.200
0.100
0.000
0
0.007 0.015 0.031 0.062 0.125 0.250 0.500 1.000 2.000 4.000 8.000
% Citrox (v/v)
Broth Micro Dilution
Candida parapsilosis
1.200
Absorbance
1.000
0.800
BC30
MDC30
0.600
0.400
0.200
0.000
0
0.007 0.015 0.031 0.062 0.125 0.250 0.500 1.000 2.000 4.000 8.000
% Citrox (v/v)
Broth Micro Dilution
Candida tropicalis
1.000
0.900
Absorbance
0.800
0.700
0.600
BC30
0.500
MDC30
0.400
0.300
0.200
0.100
0.000
0
0.007 0.015 0.031 0.062 0.125 0.250 0.500 1.000 2.000 4.000 8.000
% Citrox (v/v)
Broth Micro Dilution
Porphyromonas gingivalis
0.700
Absorbance
0.600
0.500
0.400
BC30
MDC30
0.300
0.200
0.100
0.000
0
0.007 0.015 0.031 0.062 0.125 0.250 0.500 1.000 2.000 4.000 8.000
% Citrox (v/v)
Broth Micro Dilution
Clostridium difficile
0.800
0.700
Absorbance
0.600
0.500
BC30
MDC30
0.400
0.300
0.200
0.100
0.000
0
0.007 0.015 0.031 0.062 0.125 0.250 0.500 1.000 2.000 4.000 8.000
% Citrox (v/v)
Biofilm Assay
Biofilm assay - BC30
2.00
Actinomyces odontolyticus
Actinomyces viscosus
1.50
Candida albicans
Candida glabrata
1.00
Candida krusei
Candida parapsilosis
Candida tropicalis
0.50
Clostridium difficile
Porphyromonas gingivalis
0.00
Prevotella buccae
0.
00
0%
0.
00
7%
0.
01
5%
0.
03
2%
0.
06
2%
0.
12
5%
0.
25
0%
0.
50
0%
1.
00
0%
2.
00
0%
4.
00
0%
8.
00
0%
Relative growth
Candida dubliniensis
-0.50
Citrox BC30 concentration (v/v)
Prevotella intermedia
Streptococcus gordonii
Streptococcus sanguinis
Biofilm Assay
Porphyromonas gingivalis
2.50
1.50
1.00
0.50
Citrox BC30 concentration (v/v)
8.
00
0%
4.
00
0%
2.
00
0%
1.
00
0%
0.
50
0%
0.
25
0%
0.
12
5%
0.
06
2%
0.
03
2%
0.
01
5%
-0.50
0.
00
7%
0.00
0.
00
0%
Relative growth
2.00
Biofilm Assay
Clostridium difficile
1.20
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
-0.40
Citrox BC30 concentration (v/v)
8.
00
0%
4.
00
0%
2.
00
0%
1.
00
0%
0.
50
0%
0.
12
5%
0.
25
0%
0.
06
2%
0.
03
2%
0.
01
5%
-0.20
0.
00
7%
0.00
0.
00
0%
Relative growth
1.00
Biofilm Assay
Citrox BC30 concentration (v/v)
8.
00
0%
4.
00
0%
2.
00
0%
1.
00
0%
0.
50
0%
0.
25
0%
0.
12
5%
0.
06
2%
0.
03
2%
0.
01
5%
0.
00
7%
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
-0.10
-0.20
0.
00
0%
Relative growth
Candida glabrata
Biofilm Assay
Candida parapsilosis
1.20
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
-0.40
Citrox BC30 concentration (v/v)
8.
00
0%
4.
00
0%
2.
00
0%
1.
00
0%
0.
50
0%
0.
25
0%
0.
12
5%
0.
06
2%
0.
03
2%
0.
01
5%
-0.20
0.
00
7%
0.00
0.
00
0%
Relative growth
1.00
Biofilm Assay
Candida tropicalis
1.40
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
Citrox BC30 concentration (v/v)
8.
00
0%
4.
00
0%
2.
00
0%
1.
00
0%
0.
50
0%
0.
25
0%
0.
12
5%
0.
06
2%
0.
03
2%
-0.40
0.
01
5%
-0.20
0.
00
7%
0.00
0.
00
0%
Relative growth
1.20
Biofilm Assay
Candida krusei
1.40
Relative growth
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
0%
7%
5%
2%
2%
5%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0
0
1
3
6
2
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
5
0
0
0
0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1.
2.
4.
8.
Citrox BC30 concentration (v/v)