Howard Thomas General Presentation Citrox® 1 Natural defence All plants have some form of defence mechanism against damage or injury. 2 Seville Orange 3 What is Citrox® ? • Citrox® is a patented combination of small & large flavonoids molecules with known anti-microbial / viral activity: Neohesperidin Narangin Poncirin Rhiofolen • Enhanced activity by addition of natural fruit acids: Malic Citric Ascorbate 4 Approvals Citrox® has been developed over a number of years and has been approved by the British Government’s MAFF (now DEFRA) to control the onset of various diseases such as: • • • • Newcastle’s Disease found in chickens Foot and Mouth Disease Tuberculosis Swine Fever 5 Approvals Citrox® is also approved by the Department of Health (HPA) for use as a disinfectant and has all the EUregulations. • Citrox® is also approved to decontaminate fresh produce for Britain’s leading supermarkets. • Conforms to EU Organic Farming Regulations for the treatment of fresh produce. 6 Effectiveness Citrox® has been independently tested and found to be effective (i.e. killing pathogens with an efficiency rate of 5 logs-up to 99.9998%) The list of organisms against which Citrox® has been tested and found to be effective is long: Bacteria Alternaria spp Aspergillus flavus Aspergillus niger Aspergillus oizae Aspergillus terrus Campylobacter jejuni Candida albicans Chaetomium golbosum Dipiodia natalensis Escherichia coli F. sp. tuberosa Fusarium sambucinum Geotrichum candidium 7 Effectiveness - bacteria Klebsiella pneumonia Lactobacillus pentoaceticus Legionella pneumophila (NCTC11192) Listeria monocytogenes MRSA (clinical strain) Mycobacterium fortutium (NCTC 8573 for indication of tuberculocidal activity) Penicillium digitatum Penicillium funiculosum Penicillium italicum Penicillium roqueforti Penicillium sp. Phomopsis ortl Proteus vulgaris Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442) Pullularia pullulans Salmonella chloreraesuis Salmonella typhimurium (DT004) Scerotinia laxa Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC 6571) 8 Effectiveness - bacteria Staphylococcus pyogenes Staphylococcus sp. Sterptococcus faecalis Trichophyton iterdigitale 9 Effectiveness - viruses Viruses H5N1 (Avian Influenza A) Human Rhinovirus Influenza A Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Urbani SARS - African swine fever Foot & mouth disease Gumboro virus Herpes virus type 1 Herpes virus type 2 Herpes zoster Hepatitis A & B 10 Effectiveness - yeast & fungi Yeast and Fungi Aspergillus flavus Aspergillus niger Aspergillus terreus Botrytis cinerea Candida albicans Candida glabrata Chaetonium globosum Cladosporium Collectotricum sp. Fusarium sp. Mucor sp. Penicillium sp. Pullularia pullulans Pythium sp. Trichophyton interdigitale Trichophyton mentagrophytes Protozoa Histomonas meleagradis Giardia lamblia Entamoeaba histolytica Blastocystis hominis 11 Broth Micro Dilution MIC values for each micro organism in the presence of Citrox BC30. BC30 A odontolyticus 1.000 A viscosus C albicans 0.800 C glabrata C krusei 0.600 C parapsilosis C tropicalis 0.400 C difficile P gingivalis 0.200 P buccae P intermedia 0.000 0 0. 00 7 0. 01 5 0. 03 1 0. 06 2 0. 12 5 0. 25 0 0. 50 0 1. 00 0 2. 00 0 4. 00 0 8. 00 0 Absorbance (Turbidity) 1.200 % Citrox (v/v) S gordonii S sanguinis Broth Micro Dilution Candida albicans 1.200 Absorbance 1.000 0.800 BC30 MDC30 0.600 0.400 0.200 0.000 0 0.007 0.015 0.031 0.062 0.125 0.250 0.500 1.000 2.000 4.000 8.000 % Citrox (v/v) Broth Micro Dilution Candida glabrata 1.200 Absorbance 1.000 0.800 BC30 0.600 MDC30 0.400 0.200 0.000 0 0.007 0.015 0.031 0.062 0.125 0.250 0.500 1.000 2.000 4.000 8.000 % Citrox Broth Micro Dilution Candida krusei 0.900 Absorbance 0.800 0.700 0.600 0.500 BC30 MDC30 0.400 0.300 0.200 0.100 0.000 0 0.007 0.015 0.031 0.062 0.125 0.250 0.500 1.000 2.000 4.000 8.000 % Citrox (v/v) Broth Micro Dilution Candida parapsilosis 1.200 Absorbance 1.000 0.800 BC30 MDC30 0.600 0.400 0.200 0.000 0 0.007 0.015 0.031 0.062 0.125 0.250 0.500 1.000 2.000 4.000 8.000 % Citrox (v/v) Broth Micro Dilution Candida tropicalis 1.000 0.900 Absorbance 0.800 0.700 0.600 BC30 0.500 MDC30 0.400 0.300 0.200 0.100 0.000 0 0.007 0.015 0.031 0.062 0.125 0.250 0.500 1.000 2.000 4.000 8.000 % Citrox (v/v) Broth Micro Dilution Porphyromonas gingivalis 0.700 Absorbance 0.600 0.500 0.400 BC30 MDC30 0.300 0.200 0.100 0.000 0 0.007 0.015 0.031 0.062 0.125 0.250 0.500 1.000 2.000 4.000 8.000 % Citrox (v/v) Broth Micro Dilution Clostridium difficile 0.800 0.700 Absorbance 0.600 0.500 BC30 MDC30 0.400 0.300 0.200 0.100 0.000 0 0.007 0.015 0.031 0.062 0.125 0.250 0.500 1.000 2.000 4.000 8.000 % Citrox (v/v) Biofilm Assay Biofilm assay - BC30 2.00 Actinomyces odontolyticus Actinomyces viscosus 1.50 Candida albicans Candida glabrata 1.00 Candida krusei Candida parapsilosis Candida tropicalis 0.50 Clostridium difficile Porphyromonas gingivalis 0.00 Prevotella buccae 0. 00 0% 0. 00 7% 0. 01 5% 0. 03 2% 0. 06 2% 0. 12 5% 0. 25 0% 0. 50 0% 1. 00 0% 2. 00 0% 4. 00 0% 8. 00 0% Relative growth Candida dubliniensis -0.50 Citrox BC30 concentration (v/v) Prevotella intermedia Streptococcus gordonii Streptococcus sanguinis Biofilm Assay Porphyromonas gingivalis 2.50 1.50 1.00 0.50 Citrox BC30 concentration (v/v) 8. 00 0% 4. 00 0% 2. 00 0% 1. 00 0% 0. 50 0% 0. 25 0% 0. 12 5% 0. 06 2% 0. 03 2% 0. 01 5% -0.50 0. 00 7% 0.00 0. 00 0% Relative growth 2.00 Biofilm Assay Clostridium difficile 1.20 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 -0.40 Citrox BC30 concentration (v/v) 8. 00 0% 4. 00 0% 2. 00 0% 1. 00 0% 0. 50 0% 0. 12 5% 0. 25 0% 0. 06 2% 0. 03 2% 0. 01 5% -0.20 0. 00 7% 0.00 0. 00 0% Relative growth 1.00 Biofilm Assay Citrox BC30 concentration (v/v) 8. 00 0% 4. 00 0% 2. 00 0% 1. 00 0% 0. 50 0% 0. 25 0% 0. 12 5% 0. 06 2% 0. 03 2% 0. 01 5% 0. 00 7% 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 -0.10 -0.20 0. 00 0% Relative growth Candida glabrata Biofilm Assay Candida parapsilosis 1.20 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 -0.40 Citrox BC30 concentration (v/v) 8. 00 0% 4. 00 0% 2. 00 0% 1. 00 0% 0. 50 0% 0. 25 0% 0. 12 5% 0. 06 2% 0. 03 2% 0. 01 5% -0.20 0. 00 7% 0.00 0. 00 0% Relative growth 1.00 Biofilm Assay Candida tropicalis 1.40 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 Citrox BC30 concentration (v/v) 8. 00 0% 4. 00 0% 2. 00 0% 1. 00 0% 0. 50 0% 0. 25 0% 0. 12 5% 0. 06 2% 0. 03 2% -0.40 0. 01 5% -0.20 0. 00 7% 0.00 0. 00 0% Relative growth 1.20 Biofilm Assay Candida krusei 1.40 Relative growth 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 0% 7% 5% 2% 2% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0 0 1 3 6 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 0 0 0 0 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 2. 4. 8. Citrox BC30 concentration (v/v)
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