Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Ocean numerical models
Overview and Applications
Jordi Solé i Ollé
1 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Índice
1
Overview
2
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
3
ROMS model
4
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
2 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Índice
1
Overview
2
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
3
ROMS model
4
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
2 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Índice
1
Overview
2
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
3
ROMS model
4
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
2 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Índice
1
Overview
2
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
3
ROMS model
4
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
2 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Conceptual diagram
Lynch et al. 2009
3 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Conceptual diagram
Lynch et al. 2009
4 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Main conceptual issues
1
Encourage the use of probabilistic model results mean and variance
and the expression of this in simple ways to a general audience,
backed by rigorous analysis.
2
Encourage the formalization of the best prior estimate at the least,
the mean and variance of all relevant prior quantities.
3
Always examine the posterior: a) the remaining misfit and b) the
departure from the prior. There is information in both.
4
Ensemble modeling approaches, specifically the use of an
ensemble of different models, are appealing in the context of
operational physical-biological models.
5 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Main conceptual issues
1
Encourage the use of probabilistic model results mean and variance
and the expression of this in simple ways to a general audience,
backed by rigorous analysis.
2
Encourage the formalization of the best prior estimate at the least,
the mean and variance of all relevant prior quantities.
3
Always examine the posterior: a) the remaining misfit and b) the
departure from the prior. There is information in both.
4
Ensemble modeling approaches, specifically the use of an
ensemble of different models, are appealing in the context of
operational physical-biological models.
5 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Main conceptual issues
1
Encourage the use of probabilistic model results mean and variance
and the expression of this in simple ways to a general audience,
backed by rigorous analysis.
2
Encourage the formalization of the best prior estimate at the least,
the mean and variance of all relevant prior quantities.
3
Always examine the posterior: a) the remaining misfit and b) the
departure from the prior. There is information in both.
4
Ensemble modeling approaches, specifically the use of an
ensemble of different models, are appealing in the context of
operational physical-biological models.
5 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Main conceptual issues
1
Encourage the use of probabilistic model results mean and variance
and the expression of this in simple ways to a general audience,
backed by rigorous analysis.
2
Encourage the formalization of the best prior estimate at the least,
the mean and variance of all relevant prior quantities.
3
Always examine the posterior: a) the remaining misfit and b) the
departure from the prior. There is information in both.
4
Ensemble modeling approaches, specifically the use of an
ensemble of different models, are appealing in the context of
operational physical-biological models.
5 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Main practical issues
1
It is essential to facilitate access to real-time data streams. This
includes networking, servers, and people
2
Encourage communication and interaction between data providers
and modeling activities.
3
Similarly, encourage partnership between physical modeling and
biological modeling.
6 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Main practical issues
1
It is essential to facilitate access to real-time data streams. This
includes networking, servers, and people
2
Encourage communication and interaction between data providers
and modeling activities.
3
Similarly, encourage partnership between physical modeling and
biological modeling.
6 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Main practical issues
1
It is essential to facilitate access to real-time data streams. This
includes networking, servers, and people
2
Encourage communication and interaction between data providers
and modeling activities.
3
Similarly, encourage partnership between physical modeling and
biological modeling.
6 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Main organizational issues
1
Recognize the importance of organizational structure. Encourage
regional expertise in regional centers; and networking of these
relative to technical and scientific generalities.
2
Encourage a blend of Government/University/Industrial activity.
3
Use the existing centers and cooperative programs to their fullest.
There is much opportunity in these for cross-fertilization. Avoid
creating new organizations if extant ones can be made to work.
4
Recognize the importance of small steps toward a larger goal.
5
Focus on system integration of models, theory, and observation as
an overarching goal.
7 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Main organizational issues
1
Recognize the importance of organizational structure. Encourage
regional expertise in regional centers; and networking of these
relative to technical and scientific generalities.
2
Encourage a blend of Government/University/Industrial activity.
3
Use the existing centers and cooperative programs to their fullest.
There is much opportunity in these for cross-fertilization. Avoid
creating new organizations if extant ones can be made to work.
4
Recognize the importance of small steps toward a larger goal.
5
Focus on system integration of models, theory, and observation as
an overarching goal.
7 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Main organizational issues
1
Recognize the importance of organizational structure. Encourage
regional expertise in regional centers; and networking of these
relative to technical and scientific generalities.
2
Encourage a blend of Government/University/Industrial activity.
3
Use the existing centers and cooperative programs to their fullest.
There is much opportunity in these for cross-fertilization. Avoid
creating new organizations if extant ones can be made to work.
4
Recognize the importance of small steps toward a larger goal.
5
Focus on system integration of models, theory, and observation as
an overarching goal.
7 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Main organizational issues
1
Recognize the importance of organizational structure. Encourage
regional expertise in regional centers; and networking of these
relative to technical and scientific generalities.
2
Encourage a blend of Government/University/Industrial activity.
3
Use the existing centers and cooperative programs to their fullest.
There is much opportunity in these for cross-fertilization. Avoid
creating new organizations if extant ones can be made to work.
4
Recognize the importance of small steps toward a larger goal.
5
Focus on system integration of models, theory, and observation as
an overarching goal.
7 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Main organizational issues
1
Recognize the importance of organizational structure. Encourage
regional expertise in regional centers; and networking of these
relative to technical and scientific generalities.
2
Encourage a blend of Government/University/Industrial activity.
3
Use the existing centers and cooperative programs to their fullest.
There is much opportunity in these for cross-fertilization. Avoid
creating new organizations if extant ones can be made to work.
4
Recognize the importance of small steps toward a larger goal.
5
Focus on system integration of models, theory, and observation as
an overarching goal.
7 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Conceptual diagram
Lynch et al. 2009
8 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
Contents
1
Overview
2
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
3
ROMS model
4
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
9 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
Global Ocean Models (GOM)
Generally speaking there are thre kinds of models:
Mechanistic models: they are simplified models used and oriented
for studying processes.
Simulation models: are used for calculating realistic circulation of
oceanic regions. The first simulation models were developed by Kirk
Bryan and Michael Cox at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics
laboratory in Princeton.
Coupled Atmosphere and Ocean numerical models: Ocean models
run 30 times slower than atmosphere models of the same
complexity.
10 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
Global Ocean Models (GOM)
Generally speaking there are thre kinds of models:
Mechanistic models: they are simplified models used and oriented
for studying processes.
Simulation models: are used for calculating realistic circulation of
oceanic regions. The first simulation models were developed by Kirk
Bryan and Michael Cox at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics
laboratory in Princeton.
Coupled Atmosphere and Ocean numerical models: Ocean models
run 30 times slower than atmosphere models of the same
complexity.
10 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
Global Ocean Models (GOM)
Generally speaking there are thre kinds of models:
Mechanistic models: they are simplified models used and oriented
for studying processes.
Simulation models: are used for calculating realistic circulation of
oceanic regions. The first simulation models were developed by Kirk
Bryan and Michael Cox at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics
laboratory in Princeton.
Coupled Atmosphere and Ocean numerical models: Ocean models
run 30 times slower than atmosphere models of the same
complexity.
10 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
GOM (II)
GOM main characteristics. Vertical resolution is typically around 30
vertical levels. Models include
Realistic coasts and bottom features
Heat and water fluxes though the surface
Eddy dynamics
The meridional-overturning circulation
11 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
GOM (II)
GOM main characteristics. Vertical resolution is typically around 30
vertical levels. Models include
Realistic coasts and bottom features
Heat and water fluxes though the surface
Eddy dynamics
The meridional-overturning circulation
11 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
GOM (II)
GOM main characteristics. Vertical resolution is typically around 30
vertical levels. Models include
Realistic coasts and bottom features
Heat and water fluxes though the surface
Eddy dynamics
The meridional-overturning circulation
11 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
GOM (II)
GOM main characteristics. Vertical resolution is typically around 30
vertical levels. Models include
Realistic coasts and bottom features
Heat and water fluxes though the surface
Eddy dynamics
The meridional-overturning circulation
11 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
GOM (II)
Instantaneous, near-surface geostrophic currents in the Atlantic for October 1, 1995
(POP, Parallel Ocean Program model) http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/
12 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
GOM (III)
GOM models have Z vertical coordinates.
Daily Mean Analysis Fields from 26 jan 2010 at 12:00 for NEMO model.
13 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
Contents
1
Overview
2
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
3
ROMS model
4
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
14 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
Also known as Coastal Models:
The models extend from the beach to the continental slope, and
they can include a free surface, realistic coasts and bottom features,
river runoff, and atmospheric forcing.
They have σ-coordinates in the vertical:
S(x, y , σ) = hc σ + (h(x, y ) − hc )C(σ)
(1)
They need additional information about deep-water currents or
conditions at the shelf break
15 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
Also known as Coastal Models:
The models extend from the beach to the continental slope, and
they can include a free surface, realistic coasts and bottom features,
river runoff, and atmospheric forcing.
They have σ-coordinates in the vertical:
S(x, y , σ) = hc σ + (h(x, y ) − hc )C(σ)
(1)
They need additional information about deep-water currents or
conditions at the shelf break
15 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
Also known as Coastal Models:
The models extend from the beach to the continental slope, and
they can include a free surface, realistic coasts and bottom features,
river runoff, and atmospheric forcing.
They have σ-coordinates in the vertical:
S(x, y , σ) = hc σ + (h(x, y ) − hc )C(σ)
(1)
They need additional information about deep-water currents or
conditions at the shelf break
15 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
RM (II)
North Atlantic Vtransform=2, Vstretching=2, θs = 7.0, θb = 0.1, N=30.
16 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
RM (III)
Finite difference models
Sub-grid turbulence is parameterized using a closure scheme
proposed by Mellor and Yamada (1982) whereby eddy diffusion
coefficients vary with the size of the eddies producing the mixing
and the shear of the flow.
The model is driven by wind stress and heat and water fluxes from
meteorological models. The model uses known geostrophic, tidal,
and Ekman currents at the outer boundary.
The model has been used to calculate the three-dimensional
distribution of velocity, salinity, sea level, temperature, and
turbulence for up to 30 days over a region roughly 100-1000 km on a
side with grid spacing of 1-50 km.
17 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
RM (III)
Finite difference models
Sub-grid turbulence is parameterized using a closure scheme
proposed by Mellor and Yamada (1982) whereby eddy diffusion
coefficients vary with the size of the eddies producing the mixing
and the shear of the flow.
The model is driven by wind stress and heat and water fluxes from
meteorological models. The model uses known geostrophic, tidal,
and Ekman currents at the outer boundary.
The model has been used to calculate the three-dimensional
distribution of velocity, salinity, sea level, temperature, and
turbulence for up to 30 days over a region roughly 100-1000 km on a
side with grid spacing of 1-50 km.
17 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
RM (III)
Finite difference models
Sub-grid turbulence is parameterized using a closure scheme
proposed by Mellor and Yamada (1982) whereby eddy diffusion
coefficients vary with the size of the eddies producing the mixing
and the shear of the flow.
The model is driven by wind stress and heat and water fluxes from
meteorological models. The model uses known geostrophic, tidal,
and Ekman currents at the outer boundary.
The model has been used to calculate the three-dimensional
distribution of velocity, salinity, sea level, temperature, and
turbulence for up to 30 days over a region roughly 100-1000 km on a
side with grid spacing of 1-50 km.
17 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
RM (IV)
Finite element models
3-dimensional model of the circulation using a triangular,
finite-element grid. The size of the triangles is proportional to both
depth and the rate of change of depth. The triangles are small in
regions where the bottom slopes are large and the depth is shallow,
and they are large in deep water. The variable mesh is especially
useful in coastal regions where the depth of water varies greatly.
Thus the variable grid gives highest resolution where it is most
needed.
The model has a simplified equation of state and a depth-averaged
continuity equation, and it uses the hydrostatic and Boussinesq
assumptions. Sub-grid mixing of momentum, heat and mass is
parameterized using the Mellor and Yamada (1982)
turbulence-closure scheme.
18 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
RM (IV)
Finite element models
3-dimensional model of the circulation using a triangular,
finite-element grid. The size of the triangles is proportional to both
depth and the rate of change of depth. The triangles are small in
regions where the bottom slopes are large and the depth is shallow,
and they are large in deep water. The variable mesh is especially
useful in coastal regions where the depth of water varies greatly.
Thus the variable grid gives highest resolution where it is most
needed.
The model has a simplified equation of state and a depth-averaged
continuity equation, and it uses the hydrostatic and Boussinesq
assumptions. Sub-grid mixing of momentum, heat and mass is
parameterized using the Mellor and Yamada (1982)
turbulence-closure scheme.
18 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
RM (V)
Finite elements models
Topographic map of the Gulf of Maine. Inset: Triangular, finite-element grid used to
compute flow in the gulf. The size of the triangles varies with depth and rate of change of
depth. From Lynch et al. (1996).
19 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
RM (IV)
Some currently used RM
HOPS (Harvard Ocean Prediction
System.http://modelseas.mit.edu/HOPS/)
POM (Princenton Ocean Model.
http://www.aos.princeton.edu/WWWPUBLIC/htdocs.pom/)
HYCOM (Hybrid Coordinates Ocean Model. http://www.hycom.org/)
SEOM (Spectral Element Ocean Model.
http://marine.rutgers.edu/po/index.php?model=seom)
ROMS (Regional Ocean Model System. www.myroms.org)
20 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
RM (IV)
Some currently used RM
HOPS (Harvard Ocean Prediction
System.http://modelseas.mit.edu/HOPS/)
POM (Princenton Ocean Model.
http://www.aos.princeton.edu/WWWPUBLIC/htdocs.pom/)
HYCOM (Hybrid Coordinates Ocean Model. http://www.hycom.org/)
SEOM (Spectral Element Ocean Model.
http://marine.rutgers.edu/po/index.php?model=seom)
ROMS (Regional Ocean Model System. www.myroms.org)
20 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
RM (IV)
Some currently used RM
HOPS (Harvard Ocean Prediction
System.http://modelseas.mit.edu/HOPS/)
POM (Princenton Ocean Model.
http://www.aos.princeton.edu/WWWPUBLIC/htdocs.pom/)
HYCOM (Hybrid Coordinates Ocean Model. http://www.hycom.org/)
SEOM (Spectral Element Ocean Model.
http://marine.rutgers.edu/po/index.php?model=seom)
ROMS (Regional Ocean Model System. www.myroms.org)
20 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
RM (IV)
Some currently used RM
HOPS (Harvard Ocean Prediction
System.http://modelseas.mit.edu/HOPS/)
POM (Princenton Ocean Model.
http://www.aos.princeton.edu/WWWPUBLIC/htdocs.pom/)
HYCOM (Hybrid Coordinates Ocean Model. http://www.hycom.org/)
SEOM (Spectral Element Ocean Model.
http://marine.rutgers.edu/po/index.php?model=seom)
ROMS (Regional Ocean Model System. www.myroms.org)
20 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
RM (IV)
Some currently used RM
HOPS (Harvard Ocean Prediction
System.http://modelseas.mit.edu/HOPS/)
POM (Princenton Ocean Model.
http://www.aos.princeton.edu/WWWPUBLIC/htdocs.pom/)
HYCOM (Hybrid Coordinates Ocean Model. http://www.hycom.org/)
SEOM (Spectral Element Ocean Model.
http://marine.rutgers.edu/po/index.php?model=seom)
ROMS (Regional Ocean Model System. www.myroms.org)
20 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
ROMS (Regional Ocean Modeling System)
http://www.myroms.org
21 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Contents
Introduction to ROMS physical circulation model
ROMS coupling: physical-biological models, circulation-sediment
transport, wave model-circulation model, sea-ice model-circulation
model.
Data assimilation in ROMS
22 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Contents
Introduction to ROMS physical circulation model
ROMS coupling: physical-biological models, circulation-sediment
transport, wave model-circulation model, sea-ice model-circulation
model.
Data assimilation in ROMS
22 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Contents
Introduction to ROMS physical circulation model
ROMS coupling: physical-biological models, circulation-sediment
transport, wave model-circulation model, sea-ice model-circulation
model.
Data assimilation in ROMS
22 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
ROMS model
free surface, hydrostatic primitive equations model in
terrain-following coordinates
3rd-order upstream-biased advection (Shchepetkin and McWilliams,
1998)
pressure gradient and equation of state give reduced s-coordinate
truncation error (Shchepetkin and McWilliams, 2003a)
split-explicit time-stepping of barotropic and baroclinic modes
constrained for conservation of volume and tracer constancy
(Shchepetkin and McWilliams 2003b)
radiation open boundary conditions and 1-way embedding in
exterior model domains (Marchesiello et al. 2001)
23 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
ROMS model
free surface, hydrostatic primitive equations model in
terrain-following coordinates
3rd-order upstream-biased advection (Shchepetkin and McWilliams,
1998)
pressure gradient and equation of state give reduced s-coordinate
truncation error (Shchepetkin and McWilliams, 2003a)
split-explicit time-stepping of barotropic and baroclinic modes
constrained for conservation of volume and tracer constancy
(Shchepetkin and McWilliams 2003b)
radiation open boundary conditions and 1-way embedding in
exterior model domains (Marchesiello et al. 2001)
23 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
ROMS model
free surface, hydrostatic primitive equations model in
terrain-following coordinates
3rd-order upstream-biased advection (Shchepetkin and McWilliams,
1998)
pressure gradient and equation of state give reduced s-coordinate
truncation error (Shchepetkin and McWilliams, 2003a)
split-explicit time-stepping of barotropic and baroclinic modes
constrained for conservation of volume and tracer constancy
(Shchepetkin and McWilliams 2003b)
radiation open boundary conditions and 1-way embedding in
exterior model domains (Marchesiello et al. 2001)
23 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
ROMS model
free surface, hydrostatic primitive equations model in
terrain-following coordinates
3rd-order upstream-biased advection (Shchepetkin and McWilliams,
1998)
pressure gradient and equation of state give reduced s-coordinate
truncation error (Shchepetkin and McWilliams, 2003a)
split-explicit time-stepping of barotropic and baroclinic modes
constrained for conservation of volume and tracer constancy
(Shchepetkin and McWilliams 2003b)
radiation open boundary conditions and 1-way embedding in
exterior model domains (Marchesiello et al. 2001)
23 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
ROMS model
free surface, hydrostatic primitive equations model in
terrain-following coordinates
3rd-order upstream-biased advection (Shchepetkin and McWilliams,
1998)
pressure gradient and equation of state give reduced s-coordinate
truncation error (Shchepetkin and McWilliams, 2003a)
split-explicit time-stepping of barotropic and baroclinic modes
constrained for conservation of volume and tracer constancy
(Shchepetkin and McWilliams 2003b)
radiation open boundary conditions and 1-way embedding in
exterior model domains (Marchesiello et al. 2001)
23 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
ROMS model II
synchronous Lagrangian particle tracking
vertical turbulence closures: KPP (Large et al. 1994) and the
Generalized Length Scale scheme of Umlauf, and Burchard, 2003
(http://www.gotm.net) encompassing k-e, k-w and Mellor-Yamada
(1982)
intermittent sub-optimal melding assimilation
tangent linear and adjoint codes written; 4DVar assimilation in
development (Moore et al. 2003)
atmospheric, oceanic, and benthic (wave and current) boundary
layers (Styles and Glenn)
coupled ecosystem (7-component NPZD and EcoSim bio-optics)
and sediment transport (USGS Community Model) modules
24 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
ROMS model II
synchronous Lagrangian particle tracking
vertical turbulence closures: KPP (Large et al. 1994) and the
Generalized Length Scale scheme of Umlauf, and Burchard, 2003
(http://www.gotm.net) encompassing k-e, k-w and Mellor-Yamada
(1982)
intermittent sub-optimal melding assimilation
tangent linear and adjoint codes written; 4DVar assimilation in
development (Moore et al. 2003)
atmospheric, oceanic, and benthic (wave and current) boundary
layers (Styles and Glenn)
coupled ecosystem (7-component NPZD and EcoSim bio-optics)
and sediment transport (USGS Community Model) modules
24 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
ROMS model II
synchronous Lagrangian particle tracking
vertical turbulence closures: KPP (Large et al. 1994) and the
Generalized Length Scale scheme of Umlauf, and Burchard, 2003
(http://www.gotm.net) encompassing k-e, k-w and Mellor-Yamada
(1982)
intermittent sub-optimal melding assimilation
tangent linear and adjoint codes written; 4DVar assimilation in
development (Moore et al. 2003)
atmospheric, oceanic, and benthic (wave and current) boundary
layers (Styles and Glenn)
coupled ecosystem (7-component NPZD and EcoSim bio-optics)
and sediment transport (USGS Community Model) modules
24 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
ROMS model II
synchronous Lagrangian particle tracking
vertical turbulence closures: KPP (Large et al. 1994) and the
Generalized Length Scale scheme of Umlauf, and Burchard, 2003
(http://www.gotm.net) encompassing k-e, k-w and Mellor-Yamada
(1982)
intermittent sub-optimal melding assimilation
tangent linear and adjoint codes written; 4DVar assimilation in
development (Moore et al. 2003)
atmospheric, oceanic, and benthic (wave and current) boundary
layers (Styles and Glenn)
coupled ecosystem (7-component NPZD and EcoSim bio-optics)
and sediment transport (USGS Community Model) modules
24 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
ROMS model II
synchronous Lagrangian particle tracking
vertical turbulence closures: KPP (Large et al. 1994) and the
Generalized Length Scale scheme of Umlauf, and Burchard, 2003
(http://www.gotm.net) encompassing k-e, k-w and Mellor-Yamada
(1982)
intermittent sub-optimal melding assimilation
tangent linear and adjoint codes written; 4DVar assimilation in
development (Moore et al. 2003)
atmospheric, oceanic, and benthic (wave and current) boundary
layers (Styles and Glenn)
coupled ecosystem (7-component NPZD and EcoSim bio-optics)
and sediment transport (USGS Community Model) modules
24 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
ROMS model II
synchronous Lagrangian particle tracking
vertical turbulence closures: KPP (Large et al. 1994) and the
Generalized Length Scale scheme of Umlauf, and Burchard, 2003
(http://www.gotm.net) encompassing k-e, k-w and Mellor-Yamada
(1982)
intermittent sub-optimal melding assimilation
tangent linear and adjoint codes written; 4DVar assimilation in
development (Moore et al. 2003)
atmospheric, oceanic, and benthic (wave and current) boundary
layers (Styles and Glenn)
coupled ecosystem (7-component NPZD and EcoSim bio-optics)
and sediment transport (USGS Community Model) modules
24 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
ROMS model III
The data assimilation:
Try to use the measured data to improve the model results
There are two main methods to do data assimilation: Ensemble
Kalman Filter and Variational methods
ROMS has implemented a variational method
25 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
ROMS model III
The data assimilation:
Try to use the measured data to improve the model results
There are two main methods to do data assimilation: Ensemble
Kalman Filter and Variational methods
ROMS has implemented a variational method
25 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
ROMS model III
The data assimilation:
Try to use the measured data to improve the model results
There are two main methods to do data assimilation: Ensemble
Kalman Filter and Variational methods
ROMS has implemented a variational method
25 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
ROMS model IV
The data 4DVAR method:
It is based in three parts: Forward model, tangent linear model and
adjoint model
Forward model is the full model running all the equations as it is
Tangent linear model: the linearisation of the non-linear (forward)
model
Adjoint model: the time-backwards model calculated from the
thagent linear model.
26 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
ROMS model IV
The data 4DVAR method:
It is based in three parts: Forward model, tangent linear model and
adjoint model
Forward model is the full model running all the equations as it is
Tangent linear model: the linearisation of the non-linear (forward)
model
Adjoint model: the time-backwards model calculated from the
thagent linear model.
26 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
ROMS model IV
The data 4DVAR method:
It is based in three parts: Forward model, tangent linear model and
adjoint model
Forward model is the full model running all the equations as it is
Tangent linear model: the linearisation of the non-linear (forward)
model
Adjoint model: the time-backwards model calculated from the
thagent linear model.
26 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
ROMS model IV
The data 4DVAR method:
It is based in three parts: Forward model, tangent linear model and
adjoint model
Forward model is the full model running all the equations as it is
Tangent linear model: the linearisation of the non-linear (forward)
model
Adjoint model: the time-backwards model calculated from the
thagent linear model.
26 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
ROMS model V: 4DVAR
Fig. from http://www.ecmwf.int/newsevents/training/
27 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
Contents
1
Overview
2
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
3
ROMS model
4
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
28 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
Upwelling
29 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
Upwelling II: Results
30 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
Cape
31 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
Cape II: results
32 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
Contents
1
Overview
2
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
3
ROMS model
4
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
33 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
Experimental System for Predicting Shelf and Slope
Optics
34 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
Espresso
35 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
Contents
1
Overview
2
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
3
ROMS model
4
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
36 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
Philipines Archipielago Straits
37 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
Philipines Archipielago Straits
38 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
Contents
1
Overview
2
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
3
ROMS model
4
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
39 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
To provide useful forecasts of the regional heat budget south of
Martha’s Vineyard, ROMS should capture the essential features of
the 3-dimensional heat transport on diurnal to several day
time-scales, and spatial scales of order 1 km
To achieve this, we have employed a high degree of realism in the
configuration of model bathymetry and forcing. The present model
has fine grid spacing (1 km) and realistic bathymetry from the
NGDC Coastal Relief Model, active/passive inflow/outflow open
boundaries (Marchesiello et al. 2001) incorporating a bi-monthly
climatology of shelf circulation
The 160 x 380 resolution grid with 20 vertical levels requires
approximately 2 CPU mins per model day on 16-processor
HPCompaq Alphaserver.
40 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
To provide useful forecasts of the regional heat budget south of
Martha’s Vineyard, ROMS should capture the essential features of
the 3-dimensional heat transport on diurnal to several day
time-scales, and spatial scales of order 1 km
To achieve this, we have employed a high degree of realism in the
configuration of model bathymetry and forcing. The present model
has fine grid spacing (1 km) and realistic bathymetry from the
NGDC Coastal Relief Model, active/passive inflow/outflow open
boundaries (Marchesiello et al. 2001) incorporating a bi-monthly
climatology of shelf circulation
The 160 x 380 resolution grid with 20 vertical levels requires
approximately 2 CPU mins per model day on 16-processor
HPCompaq Alphaserver.
40 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
To provide useful forecasts of the regional heat budget south of
Martha’s Vineyard, ROMS should capture the essential features of
the 3-dimensional heat transport on diurnal to several day
time-scales, and spatial scales of order 1 km
To achieve this, we have employed a high degree of realism in the
configuration of model bathymetry and forcing. The present model
has fine grid spacing (1 km) and realistic bathymetry from the
NGDC Coastal Relief Model, active/passive inflow/outflow open
boundaries (Marchesiello et al. 2001) incorporating a bi-monthly
climatology of shelf circulation
The 160 x 380 resolution grid with 20 vertical levels requires
approximately 2 CPU mins per model day on 16-processor
HPCompaq Alphaserver.
40 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
CBLAST II
41 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
Contents
1
Overview
2
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
General Circulation Models
Regional Models (RM)
3
ROMS model
4
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
42 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
Alboran Sea
43 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
Alboran Sea I
Study and identify global change scenarios in the Mediterranean
basin and subasins and their impact on the inter-annual variability of
the ecosystem.
To study the contribution of mesoscale and sub-mesoscale
interdisciplinary processes to 3d upper ocean inter-annual variability
in the Mediterranean Sea.
44 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
Alboran Sea I
Study and identify global change scenarios in the Mediterranean
basin and subasins and their impact on the inter-annual variability of
the ecosystem.
To study the contribution of mesoscale and sub-mesoscale
interdisciplinary processes to 3d upper ocean inter-annual variability
in the Mediterranean Sea.
44 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
Alboran Sea II
Structure of the implementation
2 km horizontal resolution grid (260x150) with 30 vertical levels
Boundary conditions from NEMO GCM model. Atmospheric forcing
from ERA-40 ECMWF.
Biological plankton model: Fasham model (NPZD)
45 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
Alboran Sea II
Structure of the implementation
2 km horizontal resolution grid (260x150) with 30 vertical levels
Boundary conditions from NEMO GCM model. Atmospheric forcing
from ERA-40 ECMWF.
Biological plankton model: Fasham model (NPZD)
45 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
Alboran Sea II
Structure of the implementation
2 km horizontal resolution grid (260x150) with 30 vertical levels
Boundary conditions from NEMO GCM model. Atmospheric forcing
from ERA-40 ECMWF.
Biological plankton model: Fasham model (NPZD)
45 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
Alboran Sea III
46 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
Alboran Sea IV
47 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
Alboran Sea V
48 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
49 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
50 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
51 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
52 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
53 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
Conclusions
Regional models are useful tools to understand or study different
kind o foceanic phenomena.
ROMS is a system that has a physical regional model coupled to
other models or applications.
The model has a broad spectra of applications, from the help to
desing oceanographic campaigns to remote sensors image
reconstruction.
54 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
Conclusions
Regional models are useful tools to understand or study different
kind o foceanic phenomena.
ROMS is a system that has a physical regional model coupled to
other models or applications.
The model has a broad spectra of applications, from the help to
desing oceanographic campaigns to remote sensors image
reconstruction.
54 / 54
Overview
General Circulation Models vs. Regional Models
ROMS model
ROMS applications
Analytical applications (test cases)
ESPreSSO
Philex
CBLAST (Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer)
Alboran Sea
Conclusions
Regional models are useful tools to understand or study different
kind o foceanic phenomena.
ROMS is a system that has a physical regional model coupled to
other models or applications.
The model has a broad spectra of applications, from the help to
desing oceanographic campaigns to remote sensors image
reconstruction.
54 / 54