Aug- 7, 1934.
o. M. @Ross
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1,968,940
ELECTRIC GENERATIVE BOILER
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ATTORNEYS
Aug- 7, 1934.
o, M. GROSS,v
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1,968,940
ELECTRIC GENERATIVE BOILER
Filed March 25, 1955
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FIG.11.
M ?//, ¿LMA INVENTOR
BY
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ATTORNEY5
Patented Aug. 7, 1934
y istanti
Unirse stares
PÁENT
1,968,940
Fris y
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VELECfl‘ìliC GENERATÍVE BOILER
Gswald Maximillian Gross, Detroit, Mich.
Application March 25, 1933, serial No. 662,803
i2 Claims.
(o1. 21a-ss)
This invention relates to an electrically heated
Figure 1l is a plan View of the wire heat dis
boiler in which the power loss incidental to heat tributor above the heater in the lowerrnost sectlon
leakage is compensated by the provision of care of the boiler;
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ful and scientiiic measures for heat conservation.
Figure l2 is a perspective View of the detachable
One of the objects of the invention is to pro exhaust pipe; and
vide a boiler which derives its main steam gen
Figure 13 is an oblique section taken along the
erating heat electrically.
linel 13--13 of Figure 2.
Another object of the invention is the provision
of means for bringing waste heat from available
1Q sources into heat exchanging relation to the boiler.
Still another object of the invention is to pro
vide vacuum heat insulating jackets for the boiler
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Referring now in detail to the several ñgures,
the numeral 39, Figure 3 represents a boiler which
is structurally dilierentiated into several sections,
each or" which is provided with an electric heater,l
the said heaters beginning with the lowermos't be
and working engine to minimize atmospheric heat ing designated by the reference characters 28A,V
leakage.
29 and 30A. The electric energy for activating
A further object of the .invention is to provide these heaters is provided by a suitable source of 70
a boiler or steam generator in which massive metal electric energy not shown.
parts function as heat reservoirs for transmitting
Referring now in detail to Figure 3, it will
heat to relatively thin bodies of the boiler fluid be observed that the boiler is constituted by three>
whereby quick generation of steam at a Vconstant sections, the lower'most section which is in general
20 g temperature and at a substantially constant rate designated by the reference character 100, being
of heat interchange is maintained.
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the generator for producing wet steamfrom the
Another object of the invention is to provide water delivered by the pipe 15 and admitted by
a boiler in which the steam is successively gen way of a valve 67. The middle section designated.
erated and super-heated in several stages.
by the reference character 200 Vis the primary su
254 Still another object of the invention resides in per-heater, and the upper section designated by
80
the simplicity of the construction of the boiler the reference 300 is the secondary or ñnal super
and the accessibility of its several parts.
Other objects of the invention will appear as the
In the interest of heat conservation, any avail
following description of a preferred and practicalV able exhaust products containing waste heat are
heater.
30, embodiment thereof proceeds.
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led by means of a vacuum insulated conduit 2 into.
In the drawings which accompany and form a the lower end of a pipe coil 3 which underlies
part of the following specification and through the boiler. This pipe coil is connected by way
out the several figures of which the same char of bores in the lower head 4 of the bottom section»
acters of reference have been employed to desig l0() and into a helical conduit 97 which surrounds
35 nate identical parts:
Figure l is a vertical elevation of the boiler em
bodying the features lof the present invention; f
Figure 2 is a vertical diametric section through
the boiler;
40
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the section 100, the exhaust being discharged into
atmosphere at the top of said section by way of
a conduit 5. Exhaust steam from any available
source is led by way of a vacuum insulated pipe
6 into the lower end of a helical >coil 98 which
Figure 3 is aL horizontal section taken along the surrounds the sections 200 and 300 of the boiler, 95
line 3_3 of Figure 2;
the steam being led away from the top' of said
Figure 4 is a vertical section on an enlarged
scale of the final super-heater;
coil through a conduit 9 to a condenser l0 shown
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in Figure 1, from which the condensed steam
Figure 5 is a top view of the super-'heater shown passes through a pipe ll back to the reservoir l2.
The lower section of the boiler `will now be 100
Figure 6 is a section taken along the line 6~6 described in detail. It comprises a massive metal
of Figure 2;
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lic member 8 formed with numerous apertures
Figure 7 is a. plan view of one of the electric- extending verticallytherethrough, said apertures
heating elements;
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i communicating at the top with‘intersecting cross
50
Figure 8 is a section taken along the oblique channelsA 53 which are in valved communication 105
line 8-8 of Figure 4;
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with the water supply and also in communica
Figure 9 is a perspective view of the heat dis tion with the primary super-heater chamber.
tributing coil in the lower super-heating chamber; The lower end of the massive member 8 lies in an
VFigure l0 is a plan view of one of the battles in oblique plane Vand is formed with a shallow
55 the super-heating chamber;
.
chamber 50 into which the lower ends ofV the 110
in
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perpendicular bores debouch. The lower end of and partially dried and from which it escapes
through the apertures 93. It then encounters
the massive member 8 is closed in huid-tight
manner by a plate 49 and beneath the plate 49 of
the lower head 4 which is secured to the member
8 by a series of bolts 96. A shallow chamber is
formed in the upper sloping surface of the head
4 in alinement with the chamber 50, but on the
opposite side oi the plate 49. The heater 28A
is located in the lower chamber and in the upper
chamber is placed a heat distributing wire coil
50’. rI‘he chamber 56 is in communication with a
mud drum 74 by means of which the lower section
of the boiler can be blown on“, the sloping ar
rangement of the chamber 50 ensuring the gravi
15 tal discharge of the sediment from the boiler
toward said mud drum.
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25
30
35
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a plurality of baffles 60 mounted on a rod 59
iixed in an aperture 94 at the apex or” the plate
63, said baiiies being kept apart by spacers 6l so
which surround said rod and having staggered
openings 62. The bañies with the staggered per
forations constitute a labyrinthine path for the
super-heated steam in which it is thoroughly
mixed and deprived oi any moisture which may 85
have blown through from the wet steam cham
ber particularly when unusual demands are made
on the boiler. The massive member 260 is pro
vided with an intermediate partition separating
the super~heating chamber 58 from the secondary 9o
super-heating chamber 79 except for a com
The boiler is supported in any suitable man- . municating conduit 82. The secondary super
ner, preferably by a base flange 84 against the end heating chamber has a massive cylindrical steam
of which the lower head 4 rests. A vacuum jacket trap 81 snugly ñtted therein, deñning beneath
46 is supported beneath the boiler and through it and the transverse partition a shallow space 95
which the exhaust pipe 2 passes in fluid~tight containing the electric heater 30A. The steam
manner. The electrical connection 28 to the trap is provided as shown in Figure 6 with a plu
heater 28A also passes through a bushing welded rality of vertical bores 89 joined by inclined
in fluid-tight manner to the walls of said vacuum transverse bores 92, the lowermost of which bores
jacket. ri‘here may be as many mud drums as communicates with the conduit 82, while all l10o
desired, but Figure 14 shows that a plurality of of said bores, excepting the row of outlets 88 are
mud drums is preferred which can be opened by stoppered at their outer ends to prevent the
escape of steam except by way of said outlets.
suitable means such as the plugs 73.
The bolts which secure the head 4 to the massive The perpendicular bores 89 are connected by
member 8 pass through apertures in the inclined means of lateral bores 90 with a steam chest 91 1‘05
plate 49, which plate is also provided with a hole with which the outlets 88 communicate. The
5' coinciding with the bore which places the ex massive member 81 is heated by the heater 80A
haust coil 3 into communication with the con to the desired high temperature and uniformly
distributes the heat to the columns of dry steam
duit 97.
passing through the various bores of said steam 11b
Between the lower and the intermediate sec
tion of the boiler is an accessible space in which trap. The slope'of the bores 92 affords means
the valve 67 is located, the distributing fitting for any sediment which may in time tend to de
for the feed water to the lower section and for posit on the walls of said tubes, to gravit-ate to
the passage of steam from the lower section to the low side where it may be eventually moved by
11S
the primary super-heater. In this space may be withdrawing the lowermost of the plugs 87.
The member 200 is closed at its upper end by
also placed certain electrical connections such
as an automatic switch or switches by means of
a head 78 preferably convex or frusto-conical as
which the operation of one or both of the super
hcaters may be discontinued.
The intermediate section or primary super
45
heater comprises a massive metallic member 200
shown, so as to denne in the upper part of the
secondary super-heating chamber 79 a dome or
reservoir for the accumulation of the dry steam `
from which it is conducted by Way of the pipe
16 to suitable steam utilizing apparatus as has
means such as the` bolts56 and being supported hereinbefore been related. The upper head 78
upon brackets 54 fixed to the lowermost section. is tapped for a pipe to receive a safety valve 7.7
and also for a pressure gage 38.
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50 The lower portion of the massive portion is hol
A vacuum jacket 43 is positioned above the
low deñning a super-heating chamber 58. At
the bottom of said chamber an inverted conical head 78 and in spaced relation, said vacuum
plate is clamped between the member 200 and jacket having tubes extending through the
the head 55, the latter element below said plate vacuous space and welded in fluid-tight manner
to the opposite walls of said jacket, through which
55 being formed with a depression constituting a
chamber in which the heater 29 is located. The tubes the necessary conduits and electrical con
plate 64 forms an hermetic seal for said heater nections pass to the body of the boiler.
Theboiler isv encased circumferentially by a
chamber. The plate 64 is formed with a bore
in its center through which passes a short pipe vacuum jacket 39 comprising inner and outer
60 communicating by way of the connections 65 and cylindrical walls welded to rings or headers 46,
68 and intermediate pipe with the lower steam the walls of said vacuum jackets being kept
chamber. It is by this means that the wet from collapsing by spacing struts 42. The vac
steam from the lower section of this boiler iinds uum jacket 39 extends to a point adjacent the
lower- end of the intermediate section of the
its way to the super-heater.
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Above the plate 64 is a plate 68 `having a frusto boiler and a similar but shorter jacket is madey
conical depression and being inverted in its rela in two telescoping parts 47 -`and 48,' the Iupper
part of which is of small diameter and carries
tion to the plate 64 so as to dei-lne in connec
tion with said chamber, a huddler chamber. the upper portion of the lower section of the
Said chamber is lined with a wire heat distribut boiler, while the lower part normally encom
ing coil 95 and the plate 63 is formed with a passes the lower part of the lowermost section.
plurality of small apertures 93 for the escape The lower portion 47 of the vacuumv ‘jacket may
of the steam. The huddle chamber provides be slid upwardly along the surface of the upper
a region of concentrated heat into which all of part so as to give access to the head 4. The mud
the wet steam from the lower section of the drums 74 extend-through an annular collar'in
boiler must pass and in which it is super-heated the portion 47 of the' lower vacuum jacket and ._Llf
having the lower head 55 secured thereto by
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saidV mud'- drums 3 must Abe removed. before > the
substitution of .i equivalent-.units of other types,
lower portion .ofthe jacket-‘caribe slid upwardly asprovided bythe breadth of the accompanying
as describedpf‘V
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»Whatïclaimisz'
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“1. Boiler comprising a steam generating section 80
exhaust coil 3, it' i'sçmade :removable as .indi
cated: in líd'gurev 13, the upper end telescoping and super-heating section serially arranged', said
into the’central >bore in -the‘head 4', while the steam generating section including a l‘massive
lower end freely telescopes into* the-ñtting 99 member for` storing heat and a heater for heat
which passes through the .lower‘vacuum jacket ing vsaid massivel member, said member being
and communicates'. withsthe" exhaust products formed with `a pluralityl of passages for receiving 85
the fluid to be `turned to steam; the lower: face
The broken lines in Figure 3 indicate the ‘nor of said massive member terminating in an oblique
pipe 2.
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plane,- a head> detachably secured to said lower
section having the, upperface inclined to corre-‘f
ing witlrthe'normal water‘level and‘being‘acces spond to the Obliquity of' the lower face oí said 90
sible to the boiler space by means of test valves massive member,a heater for said massive mem
mal water level 52. ` vA Awater level gage 24 is
located at a point outside the boiler correspond
70and71.
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ber arranged ina >recess in said head, a plate be
It' will be understood from vthe above descrip tweensaid head'and massive member ‘sealingin
tion of the ‘boiler that in addition-to the heat fluid-tight _manner the passages in said massive
20 afforded by the several electric heaters, `the lower
or wet steam section of the boiler is further heatedY
member, and being adapted to conduct heat to the 95
fluid contained in: said massive member, a‘vac
by exhaust products passing successively through uurn jacket surrounding said boiler, thelower por
the lexhaust coil 3 and the conduit 97, and that- tion ofsaid jacket surround‘mg said head ‘and
the massive member 200 which surrounds both appurtenant parts and telescoping with relation>
the primary and secondary _super-heaters, lis toA the portion of the vacuumjacket above it for 100
heated by 'exhaust steam from an _unshown source giving vaccess to said head. `
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passing through the coil 98. The radiated heat
from the entire boiler is conserved by the vac
uum jackets which completely surround it.
The principle of thermal conservation is pref
30
erably carried to the extent that the cold make
up water admitted to the supply reservoir 12 from
the mains by way of pipe 12’ is sub-ordinated
to the condensate from the returned vapor, so
the condensate is returned ñrst to the boiler,
se that
and the make-up water is admitted slowly to the
y 2. „Boiler comprising a 'Wetisteam generator
and primary and secondary super-heaters ar
rangedin superposed relation "and'in serial com'
munication, electric heaters individual to said 105
generator, bailles in said primary superheater con
stituting an extended heated surface for rapidly
expanding and heating the steam in said pri
mary super-heater, a massive metallic reservoir
in said secondary super-heater having passages 110
therethrough affording a restricted iiow with con
sequent densiñcation of the steam through said
body of condensate. With this end in view, the
supply reservoir 12 is provided with an inner re secondary super-heater.
3. Boiler as claimed in claim 2, the outer walls
ceptacle 112 with which the supply pipe 12’ com
municates and which retains a relatively small of said steam generator and primary and second- 115
body of the cold make-up water. The receptacle ary super-heaters being constituted by massive
112 is provided with a jacket 113 forming an in metallic heat reservoirs, and a space between said
sulating space 114 in which a vacuum is suitably reservoirs providing for thermal expansion and
drawn and maintained. The rest of the volume contraction.
4. Boiler comprising a wet steam generator and 120
45 of the reservoir 12 constitutes a chamber for the
primary and secondary super-heaters arranged in
condensation water supplied through the pipe
55
60
1l and which is in communication with the pump superposed relation and in serial communication,
by means of the pipe 13. The receptacle 112 is said generator including a massive metallic body
in communication with the body of condensate having a plurality of bores forming steam gen
erating passages, a detachable head at the lower 125
water by means of restricted tubes 115 which trav
erse the vacuous space surrounding the make-up end of said generator, means for admitting water
water receptacle. It is obvious that the make to the upper part of said generator and a slidable
up water will be supplied only as required by the insulation jacket surrounding said generator and
_depletion of condensate water in the outer cham slidable as a unit to a position giving access to
said head, for disassembling purposes.
130
ber of the reservoir.
5. Boiler comprising a Wet steam generator,
It will be understood from the above descrip
tion taken in connection with the drawings that said generator including a massive metallic body
the boiler embodying the principles of my inven having a plurality of bores forming steam gen
_tion avoids heat leakage into the atmosphere erating passages, a detachable head at the lower
-which is the maximum cause of inefficiency in an end of said generator, means for admitting water 135
ordinary steam generating plant, that it provides to the upper part of said generator, telescoping
for the conservation of heat at all points both by insulation jacket surrounding said generator the
the prevention of heat leakage into the atmos lower jacket being slidable upon the upper jacket
phere and by the regenerative relationship of the to give access to said head for disassembling.
6. Boiler comprising a wet steam generator in 140
" -waste exhaust products and exhaust steam to the
cluding a massive metallic body having a plu
steam generative fluid.
As has already been stated, the engine is of rality of bores forming steam generating pas
that type which inherently functions with the sages, a detachable head at the lower end of said
.least waste of energy, and the enclosing of the generator, the line of passage between said mas
engine in the vacuum casing contributes still fur sive body and said head being in an inclined 145
plane, a plate between said head and body, and an
ther to the efficiency of the power plant.
electric heater in said head beneath said plate.
It is to be understood that while I have dis
closed what I believe to be an optimum selection .
7 . Boiler comprising a wet steam generator
land arrangement of units, it is to be understood including a massive metallic body having a plu- y
that the invention is broad enough to cover the rality of bores forming steam generating pas- 150
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1,968,940
sages,` a detachable head at the lower end of generator and to each of said super-heaters, a
said generator, the plane of passage between said massive member hollow at both ends, heads clos
head and body being inclined, a plate between said ing the ends of said massive member and form
head and body, a recess in said head beneath said ing with said hollow ends super-heating cham
plate, and forming with the latter a chamber to bers, a passage through the intermediate part of 80
receive an electric heater, a mud drum communi saidmassive member añording communication
cating with the lower part of said generator above between said super-.heating chambers, a system
said plate and having an inclination correspond of bailies in said primary super-heating chamber
io
ing substantially to that of said plate, an electric for permitting the rise of steam and the return of
heater positioned in a recess in said head below aqueous condensate, and a massive member in 85
said plate,kmeans for admitting water to the top said secondary super-heating chamber having
of said generator, the lower ends of said passages labyrinthine passages communicating with a
being in common communication with said mud steam dome or header for receiving the dry steam.
11. Boiler as claimed in claim 10, including a
8. Boiler as claimed in claim 7, including vacuum jacket surrounding said super-heating
drum.
telescoping insulation jackets surrounding said
chambers.
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generator the lower jacket being slidable upward
12. Boiler comprising wet steam generator and
upon the upper jacket to give access to said head primary and secondary super-heaters arranged
for disassembling. ,
in superposed relation and in serial communica
9. Boiler as claimed in claim 2, including coil tion,.electric heaters individual to said genera 95
20
conduits surrounding said generator, said. super tor and to each of said super-heaters, conduits
heaters and in proximity to the bottom of said surrounding said generator and said super-heat
generator for‘conducting waste heat from other'.V ers for utilizing in heat exchanging relation the
instrumentalities into heat exchanging rela waste heat from extraneous sources, and vacuum
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insulation jackets surrounding said steam gen 100
25. tion to said boiler.
10. Boiler comprising a wet steam generator erating chamber and said super-heaters and the
and primary and secondary super-heaters ar coils by which they are surrounded.
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ranged in superposed relation and in serial com
munication, electric heaters individual to said
v OSWALD MAXIMILLIAN GROSS.
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