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GERMAN INSTITUTE FOR STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING
(DEUTSCHES INSTITUT FÜR BAUTECHNIK)
Public Institution
10829 Berlin, 10th October 2006
Kolonnenstrasse 30 L
Phone: +49 30 78730-296
Fax: +49 30 78730-320
Ref.: III 59-1.42.1-18/06
General Building Inspection License
License No.:
Z-42.1-217
Applicant:
Gebr. Ostendorf Kunststoffe
GmbH & Co. KG
Rudolf-Diesel-Straße 6
49377 Vechta
Licensed object:
Drainage tubes and fittings of mineral reinforced PP with the
denomination "Skolan dB" in nominal diameters DN 56 to DN
200 of building material class B2 - standard flammable
properties - as per DIN 4102-1 for domestic drainage pipes
Valid until:
31st August 2011
The aforementioned object is hereby granted the general building inspection license. *
This general building inspection license comprises nine pages and twelve appendices.
------------------------------------* This general building inspection license replaces the general building inspection license No. 2-42.1-217 dd. 5th
September 2001 as well as the alteration of the general building inspection license no. Z-42.1-217 dd. 30th September
2003.
28337.06
Page 2 of the General Building Inspection license No. Z-42.1-217 dd 10th October 2006
I. GENERAL REGULATIONS
1. The general building inspection license is proof of the functionality and/or the applicability of
the licensed object in accordance with the German Federal State Planning Department
regulations.
2. The general building inspection license does not replace the legally required permits,
approvals and certificates that are compulsory for executive building projects.
3. The general building inspection license is granted regardless of the rights of third parties, in
particular private protective rights.
4. Regardless of the further-reaching provisions of the "Special Regulations", the manufacturers
and distributors of the licensed object are required to make copies of the general building
inspection license available to the user and point out that the general building inspection
license must be on hand at the site of use. Upon request, copies of the general building
inspection license must be made available to the appropriate authorities.
5. The general building inspection license may only be duplicated in its entirety. The publication
of extracts requires the permission of the German Institute for Structural Engineering. Texts
and drawings contained in publicity material may not contradict the general building
inspection license. Translations of the general building inspection license must include the
note "Translation of the original version has not been checked by the German Institute for
Structural Engineering".
6. The general building inspection license is revocable. The provisions of the general building
inspection license may be supplemented and altered at a later date, in particular if this is
made necessary by new technical knowledge.
28337.06
Page 3 of the General Building Inspection license No. Z-42.1-217 dd 10th October 2006
II.SPECIAL REGULATIONS
1.
Licensed object and field of application
This general building inspection license applies to the manufacturing and use of drainage
pipes without couplings and drainage pipes with a coupling on one side as well as fittings
with couplings of mineral reinforced polypropylene (PP) as standard-flammable
construction material of building material class B2 as per DIN 4102-11 in nominal diameters
DN 56 to DN 200 with the denomination "Skolan dB".
The drainage pipes and fittings must only be used for drainage systems within buildings in
area "B" as per DIN EN 1451-12.
The drainage pipes and fittings must be designed only for draining of waste water in
accordance with DIN 1986-33 that does not have any higher temperatures than the ones
specified in DIN EN 4764.
If such drainage pipes are conducted through walls or ceilings, measures against the
transmission of fire and smoke (section 3.2) have to be taken in accordance to building
inspection regulations (e.g. DIN 4102-115).
2
Regulations for the drainage pipes and fittings
2.1
Properties and composition
2.1.1
General
Unless specified otherwise, the requirements of DIN EN 1451-12 combined with DIN 19560106 apply.
2.1.2
Material
The composition of the mineral reinforced Polypropylene corresponds to the formulation
stored at the German Institute for Structural Engineering and the external monitoring
institution. Material of uncontrolled composition must not be used. The use of non-virgin
material of the same formulation from manufacturing plants of the applicant is permitted.
2.1.3
Density
On examination acc. to section 2.3.2 the medium density of the drainage pipes and
fittings of the processed mineral reinforced Polypropylene material PP showed a value of
approx. 1.60 g/cm³ +- 0.05 g/cm³.
------------------------------------1
DIN 4102-1 fire behaviour of building materials and elements - part 1, building materials: terms requirements and
examinations, sections 3 and 6; edition:1998-05
2
DIN EN 1451-1 Plastics piping systems for soil and waste discharge (low and high temperature) within the building
structure - Polypropylene (PP) - Part 1: Specifications for pipes, fittings and the system; German version EN 14511:1998; edition: 1999-03
3
DIN 1986-3 Drainage systems on private ground - Part 3: Specifications for service and maintenance;
edition:200441
4
DIN EN 476 General requirements for components used in discharge pipes, drains and sewers for gravity systems;
German version EN 476:1997; edition:1997-08
5
DIN 4102-11 Fire behaviour of building materials and building components; pipe encasements, pipe bushings,
service shafts and ducts, and barriers across inspection openings; terminology, requirements and testing;
edition:1985-12
6
DIN 19560-10 Pipes and fittings made of polypropylene (PP) for hot water resistant waste and soil discharge
systems inside buildings - Part-10: Fire behaviour, quality control and installation recommendations edition:199903
28337.06
Page 4 of the General Building Inspection license No. Z-42.1-217 dd 10th October 2006
2.1.4.
Colour
The colouring of the drainage pipes and fittings is consistent.
2.1.5.
Dimensions
The dimensions of the drainage pipes and fittings have to conform to the specifications in
the appendices 1 to 10.
2.1.6
Impact properties
The drainage pipes and fittings show a breakage rate of ≤ 10% at 23°C 12°C acc. to the
specifications in section 2.3.2 during falling ball tests with a falling height of 1.5 m.
2.1.7
Fire behaviour
The drainage pipes and fittings have to conform to the requirements for standardflammablebuilding materials (building material class B2) acc. to DIN 4102-11.
2.1.8
Elastomeric gaskets and pipe connections
The elastomeric gaskets to be supplied by the applicant correspond to the requirements
DIN EN 681-17. The pipe connections correspond to the requirements acc. to DIN 40608.
2.2.
Production, packaging, transport, storage and marking
2.2.1
Production
The drainage pipes and fittings described in section 2.1 are to be produced in extrusion
procedure adhering to section 2.3.2. During production the following production
parameters have to be calibrated and recorded for each new batch and for each new
starting of the machine:
- stock temperature
- stock pressure
- screw thread temperature
- screw thread revolutions
- take-off speed
- de-gassing
- vacuum
- dosage
-dimensions
2.2.2
Packaging, transport, storage
The drainage pipes and fittings are to be stored and transported in such a way that
they do not suffer any deformation. The couplings of the drainage pipes have to be free
on all sides. The stacking height of the drainage pipes at the construction site or in the
interim storage facility should not exceed 1.50 m, even if separators are inserted. The
drainage pipes and fittings are to be handled with care at temperatures around 0°C and
below as their impact strength decreases.
------------------------------------7
DIN EN 681-1 Elastomeric seals - Material requirements for pipe joint seals used in water and drainage
applications - Part 1: Vulcanized rubber; German version EN 681-1:1996 + A1:1998 + A2:2002 + AC:2002; edition
2003-05 in connection with correction 1 to DIN EN 681-1: 2003-05: edition; 2003-08
8
DIN 4060 Joints of sewer and drain pipes with elastomeric seals - Requirements and testing on joints with
elastomeric seals edition 1998-02
28337.06
Page 5 of the General Building Inspection license No. Z-42.1-217 dd 10th October 2006.
2.2.3
Marking
The drainage pipes and fittings have to be marked by the supplier with the conformity
symbol acc. to the conformity symbol decrees of the individual Federal States incl. the
license number Z-42.1-217. The marking may only be effected if the prerequisites, as
per section 2.3 regarding the proof of compliance, are fulfilled.
The drainage pipes and fittings have to additionally be marked clearly visible and
durable at least once as follows:
- nominal diameter
- angle (for bends)
- manufacturing plant
- year of manufacture
- domestic drainage pipe (application area "B" as per DIN EN 1451-12)
- building material class B2 - standard flammable properties - as per DIN 4102-1*
2.3
Proof of compliance
2.3.1
General
Confirmation of the consistency of the drainage pipes and fittings with the regulations of
this general building inspection license must be given for each manufacturing site in the
form of a certificate of conformity on the basis of the company´s own production
monitoring and regular monitoring by an external agency of the drainage pipes and
fittings in accordance with the following regulations.
For the issuing of the certificate of conformity and the inspection by an external agency
including the inspections of the product performed in this regard, the manufacturer of
the drainage pipes and fittings must seek the services of an appropriately recognised
certification authority and an appropriately recognised inspection authority.
The certification authority must submit, for information purposes, a copy of the certificate
of conformity issued by the same authority to the German Institute for Structural
Engineering.
2.3.2
Internal manufacturing monitoring
Internal manufacturing monitoring must be initiated and performed at each
manufacturing site. Internal manufacturing monitoring means the continued monitoring
of production by the manufacturer by means of which he ensures that the building
elements manufactured by him comply with the regulations of this General Building
Inspection license.
The internal production monitoring should contain the following details as minimum.
- description and examination of the raw material and the components:
The composition of the mineral reinforced polypropylene and its examination has to
comply with the set specifications of section 2.1 and conform with the recipe
specification stored at the German Institute for Structural Engineering and the external
monitoring authority. The manufacturer has to ask for a certificate of compliance with
order 2.1 as per DIN EN 102049 for each delivery from the pre-supplier as proof for the
mineral bulking agent percentage.
- controls and tests that have to be performed during production:
The specifications of section 2.2.1 have to be adhered to.
------------------------------------9
28337.06
DIN EN 10204 Metallic products - Types of inspection documents; German version EN 10204:2004; edition;2005-01
Page 6 of the General Building Inspection license No. Z-42-1-217 dd 10th October 2006
- Supporting documents and tests that are to be effected on the ready building product:
The requirements of DIN EN 1451-12 combined with DIN 19560-106 and variant from that
the requirements of the following sections have to be checked:
- 2..1.3 Density
The compliance with the limit values of section 2.1.3 regarding the density is to be
checked as per DIN EN ISO 1182-1*0 procedure A per machine and dimension for pipes
every two production hours and for fittings every four production hours.
- 2.1.4 Colour
The continuous colouring of the pipes and fittings as per the requirements in section 2.1.4
has to be checked at least every two production hours for the pipes per machine and
dimensions and at least every four production hours for the fittings.
- 2.1.5 Dimensions.
The requirements of section 2.1.5 are to be checked per machine, dimensions for pipes
every two production hours and for fittings every four production hours. The following
dimensions have to be checked in particular:
- outer diameter
d1
- wall thickness
s1
- coupling wall thickness
s2
- coupling depth
t
- width of mill
f
- thickness of mill wall
s3
- coupling length behind the mill
u
.
- 2.1.6 Impact behaviour
The impact behaviour of the drainage pipes and fittings has to be checked based on the
following specifications ( 1 x per production week from each extrusion machine and
injection moulding cell) if the specification set in section 2.1.6 is adhered to.
The impact behaviour has to be tested for resistance to external blows by the round-theclock method acc. to DIN EN 744** adhering to the specifications in table 1. Each
artefact should be exposed to only one resistance test to external blows.
a) Impact resistance of the drainage pipes
The test has to be done using sample pieces of 200 mm +5-0 mm length with a falling
weight of 1.5 kg and a drop height of 1.5 m. The specimen are to be marked lengthwise
with lines as per the following table 1. The test samples have to be conditioned at 23 °C ±
2 °C for at least two hours prior to testing. At the same temperature, each test sample has
to receive a blow to the centre axis, as per table 1.
------------------------------------10
DIN EN ISO 1183-1 Plastics - Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics - Part 1: Immersion
method, liquid pyknometer method and titration method (ISO 1183-1:2004); German version EN ISO 1183-1:2004;
edition:2004-05
11
DIN EN 744 Plastics piping and ducting systems - Thermoplastics pipes - Test method for resistance to external
blows by the round-the-clock-method; German version EN 744:1995; edition: 1995-08
26337.06
Page 7 of the General Building Inspection license No. Z-42--217 dd 10th October 2006
Table 1
Nominal width
number of lines
DN
at test sample
56
4
70
4
90
4
100
6
125
6
150
8
200
8
If the permitted breakage rate is exceeded, the test has to be repeated using pipes from
the previous production of this dimension (20 new pipe samples).The total breakage rate
of the first and second test together is decisive. If the breakage rate is exceeded yet
again, the complete production volume between the last passed test and the test not
passed is to be rejected.
b) Impact behaviour of fittings
The impact behaviour of the fittings has to be tested by a drop test as per DIN EN 1206112.
10 fittings have to be taken as test samples. 5 of these fittings have to be stored for at
least 2 hours at a temperature of (231- 2) °C. At the same temperature each of these 5
fittings has to hit an even concrete floor in free fall from a drop height of (1 1 0,05) , each
of them joggled differently. If there is no breakage, the test qualifies as passed. However,
if 1 fitting breaks, the test has to be extended to the remaining 5 fittings. If the breakage is
higher than 10% of all test samples, the product volume in question until the last passed
test has to be rejected.
- 2.1.8 Elastomeric gaskets
In order to check the conformity with the specifications of section 2.1.8 for the
elastomeric gaskets, the applicant has to check for every delivery that the elastomeric
gaskets and/or the accompanying documents carry the CE-conformity symbol as well as
the specific information as per DIN EN 681-17.
- 2.2.1 Production
The observance of the specifications for manufacturing in section 2.2.1 are to be
checked continuously during production.
- 2.2.3 Marking
The observance of the specifications for marking in section 2.2.3 are to be checked
continuously during production. The results of the internal production control are to be
recorded. The records must contain at least the following information:
- description of the building product and/or the starting product and the components
- type of control or test
------------------------------------12
28337.06
DIN EN 12061 Plastics piping systems - Thermoplastics fittings - Test method for impact resistance; German
version EN 12061:1999; edition:1999-03
Page 8 of the General Building Inspection license No. Z42-1-217 dd 10th October 2006
- date of manufacture and testing of the building product and/or the raw material
- result of the checks and tests and, if applicable, comparison with the requirements
- signature of the person responsible for the internal production monitoring
The records must be stored for at least five years and submitted to the external
monitoring agency. They must be submitted to the German Institute for Structural
Engineering and the highest responsible building authority upon request.
If the result of testing is insufficient, the manufacturer must undertake, without delay,
allnecessary measures to rectify the fault. Building products which do not fulfil the
requirements must be treated in such a way that there is no possibility of mistaking them
for conforming products. If technically possible and as a requirement to prove that the
fault has been rectified, the test in question should be repeated once the fault has been
rectified.
2.3.3
External inspection
At each manufacturing site the internal production inspection must be performed
regularly by an external monitoring agency at least twice a year. Within the scope of
external monitoring, the requirements as per DIN EN 1451-15 in combination with DIN
19560-106 and variant from that the requirements of the following sections are to be
checked:
- 2.1.2 material
- 2.1.3 density
- 2.1.4 colour
- 2.1.5 dimensions
- 2.1.6 impact behaviour
- 2.1.7 fire behaviour
- 2.1.8 elastomeric gaskets
- 2.2.1 production
- 2.2.3 marking
The sample-taking and checks are incumbent on the approved monitoring authority.
The results of certification and external inspections must be stored for at least five years.
They must be submitted by the certification authority/inspection authority to the German
Institute for Structural Engineering and the highest responsible building authority upon
request.
3
Provisions for the design
3.1
General
Unless specified differently as follows, the specifications of DIN 1986-10013 in combination
with DIN EN 12056-114 apply for the design.
The laying instructions in annexes 11 to 12 are to be adhered to.
------------------------------------I3
DIN 1986-100 Drainage systems on private ground - Part 100: Additional specifications to DIN EN 752 and DIN EN
12056; edition; 2002-03 in combination with correction 1 to DIN 1986-100:200203;edition:2002-12
I4
DIN EN 12056-1 Gravity drainage systems inside buildings - Part 1: General and performance requirements;
German version EN 12056-1:2000; edition:2001 -01
28337.06
Page 9 of the General Building Inspection license No. Z-42.1-217 dd 10th October 2006
3.2.
Measures against the transmission of fire and smoke
If pipe systems made of pipes acc. to this general building inspection license are
conducted through ceilings or walls that demand building inspection requirements
regarding fire resistance time, the building inspection regulations for
- the building inspection guidelines for fire protection regulations regarding the design
of pipe systems or for encasement of flammable pipe conduits have to be adhered to
or
- organise pipe penetration seals acc. to the thereto granted general building
inspection licenses
- carry out further sealing measures whose suitability is proven by a general
building inspection license based on checks as per DIN 4102-115
- The building law regulations and the technical regulations for the use of
flammable building materials in building construction remain unaffected.
3.3
Information on laying
The drainage pipes and fittings made of mineral reinforced PP are not intended for
laying in soil.
Kersten
28337.05
certified
Socket shape A
spigot end
pipe
socket
wall
thickness
nominal
diameter
Insertion
length of
spigot end
outer
diameter
permitted
deviation
inner
diameter
of socket
collar
length of
socket
length
behind mill
wall
thickness
General dimensions for
pipes and fittings
Pipes and fittings made
of mineral reinforced PP
width of mill
depth of
socket
Inner diameter
of mill
Annex No.1
To general building
inspection license No.
Z-42.1-218 dd________
German Institute for
Structural Engineering
Socket shape B
spigot end
socket
pipe
wall
thickness
nominal
diameter
Insertion
length of
spigot end
outer
diameter
permitted
deviation
inner
diameter
of socket
collar
length of
socket
wall
thickness
length
behind mill
depth of
socket
width of mill
Inner diameter
of mill
General dimensions for
pipes and fittings
Pipes and fittings made
of mineral reinforced PP
Annex No.2
To general building
inspection license No.
Z-42.1-218 dd________
German Institute for
Structural Engineering
socket
shape
socket
shape
socket
shape
socket
shape
socket
shape
missing dimensions see
annex 1 and 2
dimensions for bends
Pipes and fittings
made of mineral
reinforced PP
Annex No.3
To general building
inspection license No.
Z-42.1-218 dd________
German Institute for
Structural Engineering
socket
shape
socket
shape
socket
shape
missing dimensions see
annex 1 and 2
dimensions for
branch pipes
Pipes and fittings
made of mineral
reinforced PP
Annex No.4
To general building
inspection license No.
Z-42.1-218 dd________
German Institute for
Structural Engineering
sleeves
for SKAM
missing dimensions see
annex 1 and 2
dimensions for
slip-on sockets
Pipes and fittings
made of mineral
reinforced PP
Annex No.5
To general building
inspection license No.
Z-42.1-218 dd________
German Institute for
Structural Engineering
socket
shape
missing dimensions see
annex 1 and 2
dimensions for
push-on sockets and
double sockets
Pipes and fittings
made of mineral
reinforced PP
Annex No.6
To general building
inspection license No.
Z-42.1-218 dd________
German Institute for
Structural Engineering
socket
shape
missing dimensions see
annex 1 and 2
dimensions for
reducer
Pipes and fittings
made of mineral
reinforced PP
Annex No.7
To general building
inspection license No.
Z-42.1-218 dd________
German Institute for
Structural Engineering
missing dimensions see
annex 1 and 2
dimensions for
socket plugs
Pipes and fittings
made of mineral
reinforced PP
Annex No.8
To general building
inspection license No.
Z-42.1-218 dd________
German Institute for
Structural Engineering
access opening
missing dimensions see
annex 1 and 2
dimensions for
access pipes
Pipes and fittings
made of mineral
reinforced PP
Annex No.9
To general building
inspection license No.
Z-42.1-218 dd________
German Institute for
Structural Engineering
siphon
bend
reducer
HT 75 to SKOLAN 70
Missing dimensions as per
DIN V 19560 - 10
Reducer HT 50 to
SKOLAN 56
dimensions for
siphon bend and
reducer to HT
Pipes and fittings
made of mineral
reinforced PP
Annex No.10
To general building
inspection license No.
Z-42.1-218 dd________
German Institute for
Structural Engineering
Laying instructions for drainage pipes and fittings of mineral reinforced PP within buildings
1.
Socket joints
Socket joints are to be executed as follows:
- Prior to installation check the position and condition of the lip seal in the mill of the
socket pipe .Clean mill, socket pipe and lip seal - if required.
- Clean spigot end of pipe and/or fitting.
- Apply lubricant supplied from the plastics manufacturer evenly on the spigot end.
Do not use oils or grease.
- Insert spigot end into the socket pipe until it is centrally against the seal
- Take change in length into account. If socket pipes are used this is not necessary.
If the pipes are arranged vertically, the individual lengths have to be secured immediately
after installation with pipe clips to prevent any slipping. Spigot ends can remain completely
inserted in the socket pipes.
When making up the joint with slip on sockets, the following must be kept in mind:
- Check condition of the sleeve and/or the lip seal. If required clean fitting and sealing
element.
- Clean spigot end of pipe
- Push sealing sleeve on spigot end.
- Apply lubricant abundantly on the inside of the sleeve socket, the slip-on sleeve and
sparingly onto the collar of the sleeve.
- Push the slip-on socket until it starts to resist and check the correct fit of the sealing
sleeve.
- Additional measures for incorporation of changes in length are not
required.
- The sleeve of the slip-on socket must only be pushed onto pipe ends,
never on spigot ends of fittings.
When making a joint using a reducer DN50/58 it has to be kept in mind that the elastomeric
sleeve is taken out of the reducer and pushed on with the correct side onto the spigot end
of the pipe and/or fitting in question. Afterwards lubricant has to be put on the sleeve and
the reducer pushed on. After this, the plug connection has to be carried out, also using
lubricant.
2.
Cutting the pipes to length
The pipes can be cut to length with commercial pipe cutters. If required, a guided saw
( e.g. mitre gauge) has to be used. The cutting edges are to be de-burred.
Fittings must not be shortened.
3.
Installation
Drainage pipes are to be installed in such a way that they are not inhibited by changes in
length.
For the installation of the drainage pipes only pipe clamps with inserting tapes must be
used that are designed for the outer diameter of the pipes and fittings and that embrace
the pipe completely.
Inserting tapes made of soft PVC must not be used. The conduits have to be installed free
of tension. Each pipe has to be fixed using 1 fixed clamp. Further pipe clamps that fix pipes
in considerable distance to the fixed clamp have to be loose clamps.
Fittings and/or fitting groups must always be fixed with fixed clamps.
Changes in length within buildings have to be calculated with at least 3 mm/m
- the distance between pipe clamps in the case of horizontal piping is approx. 10 x the
outer pipe diameter, in the case of vertical installation 1 to 2 meters, depending on
the outer diameter.
- pipe clamps are to be mounted at building components with high surface weight
2 loose clamps are recommended for drop pipe lines in buildings with normal storey
height (storey height approx. 2.5 meters). Requirement: The ceiling openings serve as
fixed points. A loose clamp has to be fixed near the slip-on socket (here: connection
element between pipe and fitting). The second has to be fitted at the specified
distance
laying instructions
Pipes and fittings
made of mineral
reinforced PP
Annex No.11
To general building
inspection license No. Z42.1-218 dd________
German Institute for
- A loose pipe clamp and a fixed clamp per pipe length are recommended for drop lines in open
climbing shafts and high rooms (storey height over 2.5 metres).
The fixed clamp is to be placed directly above the fitting and/or the slip-on socket at the lower
pipe end. The loose clamp has to be installed at a distance of max. 2 metres above the fixed
clamp.
In multi-storey buildings, drop lines as from DN 100 have to be secured against subsidence by
additional supports.
Pipe pieces with fittings or short pipes are to be fixed at such short intervals with pipe clamps that
the pipe and fittings cannot be shifted (fixed clamps).In cases where connection elements other
than slip-on sockets are used
(e.g. sleeve socket ), one fixed clamp and one loose clamp have to be installed per permitted
max. pipe length (3 m), adhering to the following sketch.
4.
Ceiling pipes
Pipes installed through ceilings must be damp-proof and sound-insulated. Should melted asphalt be
putonto floors, the piping sections have to be protected by means of protective pipes or by
wrapping with insulating material. Furthermore the information in section 3 of the General Building
Inspection license have to be adhered to.
5.
Installation in concrete
The drainage pipes can be directly set in concrete, provided that adequate care is taken. The
thermal changes in length of the pipes have to be considered. The pipe line parts are to be fixed in
such a way that a change in length is prevented during the cementing process. In order to prevent
the concrete mixture from seeping into the socket gap, it should be sealed with adhesive tape;
open piping components are to be closed.
6.
Installation in brickwork
Pipe lines can be installed in permitted gaps as per DIN 1053 - I. If they are plastered-in, a plaster
support or casing has to be installed or the line has to be wrapped all-round with flexible material
such as corrugated cardboard, mineral or glass wool.
laying instructions
Pipes and fittings
made of mineral
reinforced PP
Annex No.12
to general building
inspection license No.
Z-42.1-218 dd________
German Institute for
Structural Engineering