1. health and fitness
2. disease

Department of Biomedical Sciences
Course Number:
PHAR 1221
Course Name:
Principles of Disease
Course Director:
Name:
Title:
Office:
Phone:
Email:
Thomas J. Thekkumkara, Ph. D.
Professor of Biomedical Sciences and Amarillo Regional Dean
Amarillo Suite 112J
(806) 356-4028
[email protected]
Course Description: The course will address concepts and mechanisms of basic processes underlying
diseases in preparation for future pharmacotherapy training. Lectures and discussions will cover definitions
of terminology, cells and tissues involved, morphological alterations, explanation of relevant biochemical
pathways, and disease pathogenesis and clinical presentation.
Prerequisites or Concurrent Enrollment: PHAR 2513 Physiology (Concurrently)
Course Objectives: The primary objective of this course is to introduce the basic cellular and molecular
mechanisms involved in disease etiology and pathogenesis. At the end of this course, the student will be
able to:
1. ADAPTATIONS IN CELLULAR GROWTH: Describe the major manifestations that prevent when cells are
injured. Define and describe mechanisms, and give examples of cellular adaptations that occur in
response to different stresses. Compare and contrast hyperplasia, hypertrophy, atrophy and metaplasia.
[A04, A05]
2. CELLULAR INJURY AND DEATH: Define the four primary processes of disease, including etiology,
pathogenesis, morphological changes, and functional changes/clinical significance. Describe the
progression and mechanisms of cell response from initial alterations to cell injury and death. Define
irreversible cell injury (Necrosis) and know the mechanisms. Describe the gross histological, electron
microscopic and nuclear changes that commonly occur with cell death. Define apoptosis and list the
gross histological, electron microscopic and nuclear changes that commonly occur with this form of cell
death. Describe the basic biochemical mechanisms of apoptosis. [A04, A05]
3. INTRACELLULAR ACCUMULATION AND CELLULAR AGING: Describe the cellular accumulations that
commonly occur in disease and with stress, and discuss their etiology and pathophysiology. Define and
characterize aging and differentiate from normal development and disease. [A04, A05]
4. ACUTE AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATION: Describe the characteristics and mechanisms of acute/chronic
inflammatory response and the process of extravasations of leukocytes. [A04, A05]
5. TISSUE REPAIR: Describe the tissue repair and wound healing process, the mediators, and molecular
events. Distinguish possible abnormalities of repair process. [A04, A05]
6. DISORDERS OF IMMUNITY: Describe the various cellular components and mediators of the immune
system and their functions. Describe the different types of hypersensitivity reactions and underlying
mechanisms. Describe the pathophysiology autoimmune diseases, the difference between inherited and
acquired immunodeficiency. [A04, A05]
PHAR 1221
1
7. HEMODYNAMIC DISORDERS: Define and list with explanation the various causes of edema, hyperemia,
congestion, and hemorrhage. Define hemostasis and thrombosis. Describe the sequence of events and
critical factors in hemostasis and thrombosis. Define and describe embolism and infraction with
examples. Explain the clinical significance of embolism and infraction. Describe the major types of
shock and describe the etiology and pathogenesis. Describe the clinical course and the consequences of
not treating shock patients. [A04, A05]
8. GENETIC DISORDERS: Compare and contrast the major classifications of genetic disorders. Define and
differentiate different types of genetic defects and their causes. Describe the biochemical and cellular
mechanisms of genetic diseases. Describe the consequence of genetic defects. Explain different types of
methods and their limitations used in the diagnosis of genetic diseases. [A04, A05]
9. DISEASES OF INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD: Define congenital malformation and errors in embryo
morphogenesis.
Describe congenital heart defect, viral infections and certain drugs induce
malformations. Describe the pathogenesis of infant Respiratory distress syndrome Erythroblastosis
fetalis, Cystic Fibrosis, Phenylketonuria, and Galactosemia. [A04, A05]
10. NEOPLASIA: Describe the nomenclature and epidemiology of various types of tumor. Identify the main
characteristics of benign and malignant tumors. Explain the biology and mechanisms of tumor growth.
Identify possible causes of DNA damage and mutations. Define the role of oncogenes and tumorsuppressor genes in carcinogenesis. Describe the features of tumors, various effects of tumor on host,
and laboratory diagnostic assays for cancer. Describe with current staging categories of cancer. Explain
how cancer cells survive treatment and avoid detection. [A04, A05]
11. INFECTIOUS DISEASES: Describe the structure of human immunodeficiency virus and how it infects cells.
Define and describe pathogenicity. Compare and contrast the characteristics of the major categories of
infectious agents: Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Describe the normal defenses against infection,
the clinical presentation, and pathophysiology of bacterial pneumonia, meningitis, and endocarditis.
[A04, A05]
12. NUTRITIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PATHOLOGY: Describe the role of nutritional factors associated with
human health and diseases. Define Energy expenditure. Compare and contrast obesity and the balance
of nutritional components in the daily diet. Identify the types of environmental factors associated with
human diseases. Describe mechanisms of toxicant actions. [A04, A05]
Course Assessments and Grading:
Grades will be given on an A-F basis:
A: 90 – 100
B: 80 – 89
C: 70 – 79
F: < 70
Through out the course QUIZZES will be administered to assess student progression in the course. A Webbased quiz will be conducted after each class for the topics covered in that lecture. Students have one time
access to the quiz at the end of each lecture. Quiz represents 20% of the course grade. Students who
participate in all of the quizzes will be eligible for 3 additional points in their final grade irrespective of the
grade. In addition, there will be THREE major announced examinations for this course. Questions
will be evenly distributed between lectures. Examinations will be administered during the regular
allotted examination block or class time for the P1 spring calendar. Examinations will be multiple
choice or short answers. A final grade of 70% is required to pass this course.
Overview of Examination Schedule: There will be THREE major announced examinations. The dates of
the exams are:
PHAR 1221
2
Name
Date
Time
Examination 1 Monday, January 23, 2012 3:30 PM to 5:00 PM
Examination 2 Monday, February 13, 2012 3:30 PM to 5:00 PM
Examination 3 Monday, February 27, 2012 3:30 PM to 5:00 PM
Second Chance Policy: The Second Chance Policy applies to all courses except case studies and clerkships.
A doctor of pharmacy student, if eligible, may take a single comprehensive examination to demonstrate
competency in that course providing that:
• The student has passed 50% or more of the major assessments in that course
• The student has earned a final grade of 66-69% in the course, and
• The student has not exceeded the number of second chance attempts as outlined below.
The student will receive a course grade of 70% if s/he achieves 70% or greater on the comprehensive
assessment. Failing to do so, the student will receive the original course grade. A student may invoke
the Second Chance Policy in a maximum of two courses per semester, and no more than four times total
in his/her career at the School. No student may invoke the second chance exam for the same course
twice. The second chance assessment shall occur in a timely fashion, the timing at the discretion of the
course team.
Missed Examination Policy: Candidates who miss an examination must contact the Team Leader in
advance of the planned evaluation (or as soon as possible thereafter) to provide justification and obtain
permission. Make-up evaluations and the format will only be provided at the discretion of the Team Leader
after consultation with the Team Member.
Required Textbook/Course Materials: Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, (Eds.) R.S.
Cotran, V. Kumar, A. Abbas, N. Fausto and J Aster, EIGHTH edition, Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co.
2010 [ISBN 978-1-416003121-5]. The textbook is also available through TTUHSC electronic books (MD
Consult). Website: http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/176622786-3/0/2060/0.html
Teaching Methods: This course will utilize lectures, readings, and course notes. Interactive questions and
dialogue are encouraged between instructor and candidates during course sessions.
Attendance: Attendance for all scheduled meeting times is required.
Course Schedule: Spring 2012
Lecture #
Date
Time
Lecture Topics
Lecturer
Room #
(1)
Tuesday
Jan. 3, 2012
1:00-1:50
PM
Introduction to Cellular
Pathophysiology & Adaptation
Thekkumkara
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
(2)
Wednesday
Jan. 4, 2012
1:00-1:50
PM
Cellular Injury
Thekkumkara
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
(3)
Thursday
Jan. 5, 2012
1:00-1:50
PM
Cellular Necrosis and
Apoptosis
Thekkumkara
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
(4)
Monday
Jan. 9, 2012
1:00-1:50
PM
Intracellular Accumulation and
Cellular Aging
Thekkumkara
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
(5)
Tuesday
Jan. 10, 2012
1:00-1:50
PM
Acute and Chronic
Inflammations
Brinn
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
PHAR 1221
3
(6)
Wednesday
Jan. 11, 2012
1:00-1:50
PM
Inflammation and Tissue
Repair
Brinn
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
(7)
Thursday
Jan. 12, 2012
1:00-1:50
PM
Immune System Review
Brinn
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
(8)
Tuesday
Jan.17, 2012
1:00-1:50
PM
Hypersensitivities
Brinn
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
(9)
Wednesday
Jan. 18, 2012
1:00-1:50
PM
Diseases of Immunity-1
Brinn
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
(10)
Thursday
Jan 19, 2012
1:00-1:50
PM
Diseases of Immunity-2
Brinn
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
Monday
Jan. 23, 2012
3:30-5:00
PM
Thekkumkara/
Brinn
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
(11)
Monday
Jan. 23, 2012
1:00-1:50
PM
Thekkumkara
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
(12)
Tuesday
Jan. 24, 2012
1:00-1:50
PM
Examination 1
(Lectures 1-10)
Hemodynamic Disorders
(Edema / Hyperemia /
Congestion)
Hemodynamic Disorders
(Hemostasis & Thrombosis)
Thekkumkara
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
(13)
Wednesday
Jan. 25, 2012
1:00-1:50
PM
Hemodynamic Disorders
(Embolism/Infarction/Shock)
Thekkumkara
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
(14)
Thursday
Jan. 26, 2012
1:00-1:50
PM
Genetic Disorder - 1
Thekkumkara
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
(15)
Monday
Jan. 30, 2012
1:00-1:50
PM
Genetic Disorders - 2
Thekkumkara
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
(16)
Tuesday
Jan. 31, 2012
1:00-1:50
PM
Genetic Disorders - 3
Thekkumkara
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
(17)
Wednesday
Feb. 1, 2012
1:00-1:50
PM
Genetic Disorders - 4
Thekkumkara
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
(18)
Thursday
Feb. 2, 2012
1:00-1:50
PM
Diseases of Infancy &
Childhood -1
Thekkumkara
PAC 1110/
ABL2100
(19)
Monday
Feb. 6, 2012
1:00-1:50
PM
Diseases of Infancy &
Childhood -2
Thekkumkara
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
(20)
Tuesday
Feb. 7, 2012
1:00-1:50
PM
Diseases of Infancy &
Childhood -3
Thekkumkara
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
(21)
Wednesday
Feb. 8, 2012
2.00-2.50
PM
Neoplasia -1 (Benign /
Malignant Cancer)
Thekkumkara
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
(22)
Thursday
Feb. 9, 2012
2.00-2.50
PM
Neoplasia - 2 (Molecular
Basis of Cancer)
Thekkumkara
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
Monday
Feb. 13, 2012
3:30-5:00
PM
Examination
(Lectures 11-20)
Thekkumkara/
Brinn
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
(23)
Monday
Feb. 13, 2012
2.00-2.50
PM
Neoplasia - 3 (Biology of
Tumor Growth)
Thekkumkara
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
(24)
Tuesday
Feb. 14, 2011
2.00-2.50
PM
Neoplasia - 4 (Host Defense
and Clinical Features)
Thekkumkara
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
(25)
Wednesday
Feb. 15, 2011
2.00-2.50
PM
Infectious Diseases -1
Brinn
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
PHAR 1221
4
(26)
Thursday
Feb. 16, 2009
2.00-2.50
PM
Infectious Diseases -2
Brinn
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
(27)
Monday
Feb. 20, 2009
2.00-2.50
PM
Nutritional Diseases
Brinn
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
(28)
Tuesday
Feb. 21, 2009
2.00-2.50
PM
Environmental Diseases -1
Brinn
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
(29)
Wednesday
Feb. 22, 2009
2.00-2.50
PM
Environmental Diseases -2
Brinn
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
Monday
Feb. 27, 2012
3:30-5:00
PM
Examination 3
(Lectures 21 -29)
Thekkumkara /
Brinn
PAC 1110/
ABL 2100
Etiquette: As befitting candidates for a professional degree.
Candidate Disability: Any student who, because of a disability, may require special arrangements in order
to meet course requirements should contact the Teaching Team member of this course in his/her campus
consistent with SOP OP 77.P.21 to make the necessary accommodations.
Ethical Standards: The ethics standards for the School of Pharmacy and the APhA Code of Ethics are in
effect for all components of this course. Candidates found to be in violation of ethical standards will receive
zero (0) points for the course in question and will be reported to the Honor Council and Student Affairs
Committee of the School of Pharmacy.
Facilities: Lectures will be held in Room PAC 1110 in Amarillo and in Room ABL 2100. All scheduled
examinations will be conducted during the P1 examination blocks in Amarillo in Room PAC 1110 and in
Abilene in Room ABL 2100.
Candidate Inquiries: Candidates should feel free to contact any member of the teaching team regarding
questions about lecture materials. Questions and comments regarding the course, candidates should contact
the Dr. Thomas Thekkumkara. Team member may be contacted at addresses given at the bottom of this
document.
Course Faculty:
PHAR 1221
Name:
Title:
Office:
Phone:
Email:
Office hours:
Thomas J. Thekkumkara, Ph.D.
Professor & Amarillo Regional Dean
AMA Suite 112
(806) 356-4028
[email protected]
Open Door Policy
Name:
Title:
Office:
Phone:
Email:
Office hours:
Lisa Brinn, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Biomedical Sciences
ABL 2620
(325) 676-7948 Ext. 251
[email protected]
Open Door Policy
5