DEMO R&D needs
M. Q. Tran based on the report by the CCE-Fu –F4E
Working Group on DEMO:
P. Batistoni, S. Clement Lorenzo, K. Kurzydlowski,
D. Maisonnier, G. Marbach, M. Noe, J. Paméla,
D. Stork, J. Sanchez, M.Q. Tran (Chair) and H. Zohm
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Plan
• Introduction: The international strategy
towards the realisation of fusion
• The role of DEMO
• Physics issues
• Technology issues
• IFMIF
• BA and DEMO
• Conclusion: some personal views
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DEMO and the road map towards the
realisation of fusion
• “Fast track”: combination of Demo and Proto
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DEMO presented at Villamoura
IAEA conference (2004)
year 0
5
2005
Todays expts.,
satellite tokamaks
10
2010
15
2015
upgrade,
construct
design & construct
mobilisation
40
2040
2045
selection of best
candidate materials
low-duty D-T
operation
H & D operation
construction
TBM: checkout and
characterisation
high-duty D-T
operation
construction
single
beam
second D-T operation phase
TBM performance tests &
post-exposuretests
blanket
optimisation
plasma performance
confirmation
EVEDA
(design)
35
2035
materials tests
licensing
IFMIF
30
2030
plasma
issues
model validation: improved
understanding of materials
behaviour
ITER
25
2025
operate
technology issues (e.g. plasmasurfaceinteractions)
multi-beam
facility, etc.
20
2020
plasma
optimisation
operation:priority materials
other materials testing
materials
characterisation
materials
optimisation
construction
DEMO(s)
conceptual design
engineering design
operation
blanket
construction
blanket design & prototyping
licensing
licensing
plasma
confirmation
blanket
confirmation
CTF
design & licensing
construction
D-D operation
design
confirmation
D-Toperation
materials
optimisation
component
optimisation
Commercial
Power plants
conceptual design
engineering design
construction
operate
licensing
Possible Sequence of Existing, Pillar and Buttress De vices in the Ф
VariantХ Fast Track
Programme
[Cook et al.]
Fusion Workshop
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Comparison between a few scenarios
EFDA STAC report 2007
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Definition of DEMO
Korea
-6-
2040s
CFPP
2030s
DEMO
2015 -
- Commercial usage
- Reliable & economic
ITER
2007 -
KSTA
R
- Long-pulse high
performance
steady-state
operation
research
M. Kwon et al. ISFNT 2007
13.04-2011
- D-T burning plasma
- 500 MW, Q~10
- Test blanket
module
- Fusion technology
- Large-scale power
generation
- Economical viability(?)
- Fusion power plant
design and operation
technology
?
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Energy needs &Indian Fusion Road Map
India
Power Plant
2050
Fusion Power Reactor
DEMO
2037
• Qualification of Technologies
• Qualification of reactor
components & Process
SST-2
2022
R. B. Grover et al., Energy Policy (2006) 2834
Indigenous Fusion Experiment
ITER Participation
2005
scientific and technological
feasibility of fusion energy
SST-1
1986
ADITYA Tokamak
Fusion Workshop
13.04-2011
2004
Steady State Physics and
related technologies
S. P. Deshpande et al. ISFNT 2007
7
USA
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EU-Ja Broader Approach
• EU and Japan are joining competencies in the
frame of the Broader Approach towards
DEMO
2010
2005
TODAY’s
EXPTs.
ITER
IFMIF
TECH. R&D
DEMO
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
Physics Programme in Current Facilities
(JET, DIIID, JT-60, Other Facilities)
Basic Operation
Construction
Extended Operation
Decomm.
Blanket Test
Design
Construct.
Fusion
Materials
Test and Optimisation
Blanket
Development
Blanket and Technology Development
Concept Studies
Design
Construction
Operation
Commercial Power
Plant Development
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DEMO concepts
• DEMO should be based on the tokamak
concept
• Stellarator should require at least one
intermediate step following the W7-X class of
device
• The Group recommends to pursue an active
stellarator programme in view of the intrinsic
advantages of the stellarator concept
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The roles of DEMO (1)
• DEMO should be able to deliver to the grid
significant net electricity power (several
hundreds of MW) in steady state during an
extended period of time (to be defined during
the operation schedule).
• Steady state electricity production even with a
long pulse plasma (10 hours) with a short
dwell time (15 minutes) is possible with
energy storage, which is not a cost driver.
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The roles of DEMO (2)
• Qualification of key components for a fusion
power plant
• A list of physics and technology issues were
identified
• It is important to mention that an integrated
design is needed and both physics (plasma
scenarios) and technology must be included,
so that constraints from both fields be taken
into account and accommodated
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What could be a DEMO workplan?
• Details could be found in the report of the
Group
• The EFDA Power Plant Physics and Technology
Annex of the Implementing Agreement makes
use of the recommendations of the report.
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Physics issues
• Steady state operation at high bootstrap
fraction, MHD limits, ITB formation…
• Operation at high density (above the
Greenwald limit)
• Power exhaust linked to the power handling
capability of PFC and first wall
• Disruptions
• Control: issue of diagnostics sensors and
actuators (H&CD, fuelling)
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Technology (1)
• Beyond ITER, there are still several major
technology issues to be addressed and solved
for DEMO:
o Enabling technologies
o Material characterisation
o Nuclear and engineering lifetime performance
of in vessel components , especially breeding
blankets (T self sufficiency) and divertor/PFC
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Technology (2)
• Overarching considerations: Maintenance
(including issues of remote handling),
availability, and efficiency.
• The fields of R&D :H&CD technology, In vessel
components, Tritium handling system and Fuel
cycle, Diagnostics and Control, Remote
Handling,
Superconducting
magnets,
Materials, Power plant and General issue
about availability and efficiency.
•
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Technology (2)
• Divertor and maintenance deserve the highest
priority attention in future R&D programmes,
since they will be crucial for the success of
DEMO and of the realisation of fusion.
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DEMO and IFMIF
• The need for IFMIF (versus other spallation
sources) (Cf. Talk by A. Moeslang tomorrow):
Issue of
transmutation
caused by the
neutrons in
this part of the
spectrum?
Ref. E. Pritcher, Fusion Material Irradiation
at the
Materila Test Station, LA-Ur-07-6217
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DEMO and IFMIF
• IFMIF is part of the programme which includes
DEMO device.
• IFMIF main milestones:
June 2015: Start of experiments on the
accelerator prototype;
June 2017: End of studies in the frame of BA.
• In the present financial planning (until the end
of ITER construction), IFMIF construction is
not within the budget of 6.6 b€ of F4E.
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BA activities
• It is agreed between EU and Japan that during
the next phase of the DEMO Joint Work, will
be subdivided into 3 Phases: Phase-2a
includes the definition of DEMO technical
requirements (~3 years), Phase-2b the
analysis of possible engineering choice (~2
years), and Phase-2c the Conceptual Design
Activities (CDA) of one or two (or three)
possible DEMO concepts
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Some personal views as conclusion
(1)
• We need to converge on a DEMO concept
with the ultimate goal to achieve as early as
possible a power plant :
1. Early DEMO : how early is early? Will it really
help us move faster to a power plant? Pros
and cons, risk assessment.
2. Steady state plasma versus 10 h type of
plasma with energy storage (to have a steady
state electricity production).
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Some personal views as conclusion
(2)
• A realistic roadmap for DEMO and an
indicative one for a power plant should then
be drawn. This vision would be helpful for the
relation with industry.
• A critical assessment (including priorities) of
the R&D requirements should be made after a
concept review and choice is performed.
These requirements should be translated in
the Accompanying Programme.
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Some personal views as conclusion
(3)
• A team (physicist, engineer and industry)
should be formed to perform pre-conceptual
study of DEMO.
• Issues must be solved by the 3 communities:
no «Someone else problem» or worst «Let the
other community solved our problem»
attitude.
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Some personal views as conclusion
(4)
• While it is generally agreed that industry
should be involved, theindustrial strategy,
instruments and related funding are still to be
defined.
• RAMI must be accounted for from the start in
the programme: the community is still lacking
data on reliability and availabilty of many of
the components.
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Some personal views as conclusion
(5)
• Availability of electricity production will be a
key issue when DEMO will be connected to
the grid
The goal of DEMO
availability when
connected to the grid
(horizontal scale = time,
arbitrary and non linear,
vertical axis: electricity
production)
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Planned shut down
Fusion Workshop
Fusion Workshop
(Actual availability
during one year of
1 GWe NPP)
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Some personal views as conclusion
(6)
• Human resources (and, related to it, a clear
funding situation for DEMO) will be a key
issue to be able to start and sustain a vibrant
DEMO programme: we cannot and should not
have a stop and go programme.
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Thank you for your attention
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Additional material from the report
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