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Textbook Durability: Understanding and
Applying MSST (NASTA) Specifications
Book Manufacturers’ Institute – BMI Educational Workshop
Presenters:
Bruce Smith – BMI Executive Director
[email protected]
Steve Figi – BMI Manufacturing & Standards Committee Chair
[email protected]
Robert “Woody” Duncan – ACTS Technical Director
[email protected]
NASTA Meeting
Biloxi, Mississippi
July 25, 2005
What is Our Joint Mission?
K-12 Education Business
$350 Billion
VALUE
OF
A
TEXTBOOK
53 Million Students
$6,500 per Student
Supporting
Literacy
$6,448 per
student for teachers,
facilities,Development
transportation, etc. =by
99.2%
$52
per student for instructional
materials
= .8% Less thanMaterials
a Penny!
Manufacturing
Durable
Instructional
6 years of use, sometimes 7+years
2
Textbook Durability: Understanding and Applying
MSST (NASTA) Specifications, Form B and more…
1.
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9.
Brief History of MSST: NASTA Specifications Development
Form B: Book Classification, Specs, and Warranty
Which instructional materials must meet MSST?
Classifications: How to classify – Quick Reference Guides
MSST Binding Specifications for Hard-Cover Books:
McCain, Smyth, Adhesive Binding
Cover Materials: MSST Specifications
MSST Specification Exercise for NASTA Directors
“Interpretations” and new materials
Q&A
3
“NASTA Specs” - MSST History
NASTA – National Association of State Textbook Administrators
AAP
– Association of American Publishers
BMI
– Book Manufacturers’ Institute
ACTS – Advisory Commission on Textbook Specifications
MSST – Manufacturing Standards and Specifications for Textbooks
4
ACTS Timeline
Uniform Specification Development Phase
1930’s
Colonel E.W.
Palmer,
Kingsport Press,
worked with
publishers and
state textbook
directors to
encourage a
trend toward
specification
uniformity.
1939
1940’s
Texas
Textbook
Directors
meeting to
propose
specifications.
First printed
specifications
approved by
BMI, under
guidance of
Colonel
Palmer,
president.
Set of official
minimum
MSST
prepared and
issued.
Approved by
State Textbook
Directors of 10
states, MSST
was off to it’s
official start!
1953
Revisions
accepted by all
states in
National State
Textbook
Directors
Association.
1957
Plan for semiannual meetings
on Manufacturing
Standards and
Specifications
attended by
NASTA, BMI and
American
Textbook
Publishers
Institute.
NASTA and AAP
formed.
Present ACTS
program founded.
5
ACTS Timeline
Specification Verification Phase – Inclusion of Type II and Soft Cover AA, BB, CC
1957
•U.S. testing
started
Verification of
assumptions
made in
accepting Texas
specifications
•Utilizing
controllable
laboratory and
in-classroom
testing
•Grades 1-8
Classes A-F
•Grades 9-12
Classes I & II
1965
•Temporary
specification
proposed for
non woven
materials
•Supplemental
adoptions
introduced
1969
•U.S. Testing Co.
book and
material testing
completed after
12 years of
testing
•Reinforcement
of first and last
signatures of
books, paper
glare and board
density
1971
•17 paper mills
agreed on
machine-coated
specifications
•Nonconsumable soft
cover books
proposed
•In classroom
test started in 4
states
1973
•Type II
temporary
specs were
adopted
1975
•Adhesive
binding of non
consumable
softcover
books
accepted as
temporary
supplemental
specs
6
ACTS Timeline
Refinement Phase – Inclusion of Adhesive Bound Hard-Cover
1976
•Permanent
specs
approved
1977
•New hardbound adhesive
specs introduced
and approved as
temporary
supplemental
adoption
•New field test to
affirm specs
recommended
1980
•Refinements in
the non
consumable soft
cover specs
made permanent
•AA-BB-CC
1984
•New field test
for adhesive
bound books
(5/8” back
margin)
1990’s
2005
•Adhesive
binding
accepted as
permanent spec
for several
elementary
disciplines
•All class II
secondary level
textbooks (max
of 1 ½” bulk)
•40 lbs text
paper
•Size &
weight of
textbooks
•Form B
simplification
•New
materials
7
Pertinent Observations
1. Communicate well – NASTA, AAP, BMI
2. Durable books
3. Standardized MSST specifications
4. New technological developments
5. Mutual trust
8
Form B - Warranty
(page 5-6)
Official Sample
Conforms: Texts
Supplied Will
Conform
Classifications
Paper
Printing
Binding
Official Sample
Does Not Conform:
Texts Supplied Will
Conform
Official Sample
Conforms Except
for Stated
Deviations: Texts
Supplied Will
Conform Except for
Stated Deviations
Covers
Special
Features
Official Sample
Does Not Conform:
Texts Supplied Will
Not Conform
9
Five Minute Education
Which Products Must Meet MSST Specifications?
Definition
Designation
Specs
Definitions (page 8)
Class
• Consumable Textbook – a self-contained book intended to
be written in and completely consumed and which does not depend
on any other textbook or material
• Teacher’s Edition – A teachers edition of a textbook that is
designated as a textbook but need not meet any requirements of
Manufacturing Standards and Specifications for Textbooks
• Textbook – printed instructional material in bound form, the
content of which is properly organized and intended for use in
elementary or high school curricula
• Workbook – an auxiliary book used in connection with a pupil’s
textbook
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Five Minute Education cont’d
1 Definition
2
2 Designation
3 Specs
4 Class
(Page 9 – MSST)
3
4
11
Five Minute Education cont’d
1 Definition
2 Designation
3 Specs
4 Class
1 Hard-Cover Textbook – Classes A, B, C, D, E (Grades 1-8)
– Hard-Cover Bound
Classes I, II (Grades 9-12)
2
3
Must Meet
MSST Specs
4
12
Five Minute Education cont’d
1 Definition
1
2 Designation
3 Specs
4 Class
Non-Consumable - Classes AA, BB, CC
Soft Cover Texts
2
Must Meet
MSST Specs
3
4
13
Five Minute Education cont’d
1 Definition
2 Designation
3 Specs
4 Class
1 Consumable Soft-Cover Texts
– Softcover
– Usually Perforated Pages
2
Not
Required
to Meet the
MSST Specs
3
4
14
Five Minute Education cont’d
1 Definition
1
2 Designation
3 Specs
4 Class
Workbook
– Paper Covered
– Auxiliary
– Usually Perforated
2
Not
Required
to Meet the
MSST Specs
3
4
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Five Minute Education cont’d
1 Definition
2 Designation
3 Specs
4 Class
1 Teacher’s Edition
– Spiral Bound
– Hard-Cover
– Loose Leaf Binders
Not
Required
to Meet the
MSST Specs
4
16
Other Products Not Required to Meet
MSST Specifications
Big Books/Lap Books
Instructional Kits
Card Sets
17
Class
Classification = Grade Level, Bulk, and Trim Size
Definition
Designation
Specs
Class of Textbook (see pg. 20, 21, 30, 32)
Hard-Cover Textbook
Grade 5
Bulk = ½” (exclusive of cover)
MSST
Pg 21
Trim: 8 ½ x 11 = 93.5 sq. in.
Class E1
Grade 9
Bulk = 1” (exclusive of cover)
Trim: 8 x 10
Class II
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MSST: Quick Reference Guide
Hard-Cover Textbook – Class A,B,C,D,E1,E2, I, II
Printing - Margins:
Page 10
Back ¾” from stitch
Head 3/8”
Front ½”
Foot 5/8”
Printing - Uniform
State Label:
Page 11
Inside front cover
Example:
Grade 5
Bulk = ½” exclusive of cover
Trim: 8 ½ x 11 = 93.5 sq. in.
Class E1
Paper - Basis Weight:
Pages 12-14
45# Minimum
Cover Wrap:
Page 29
Type II
Cover Board:
Pages 23-24
.088 Minimum
Binding Method:
Pages 16-22
Side thread stitched
(If Adhesive Binding is
allowed: Page 30-31)
Note: 1/16” normal variation
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Definition
Designation
Specs
Class
Classification = Bulk and Trim Size
Class of Textbook (see pg. 32)
Soft-Cover Textbook
MSST
Pg 32
Grade 1
Bulk = 1/8”
Trim: 7 x 9 = 63 sq. in.
Class AA
Grade 8
Bulk = ¾”
Trim: 8 ½ x 11
Class CC
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MSST: Quick Reference Guide
Soft-Cover Textbook – Class AA, BB, CC
Printing - Margins:
Page 32
Back 5/8” from fold
Head 3/8”
Front ½”
Foot 5/8”
Printing - Uniform
State Label:
Page 11
Inside front cover
Example:
Grade 1
Bulk = 1/8” exclusive of cover
Trim: 8 x 10 = 80 sq. in.
Class AA
Paper - Basis Weight:
Pages 33-34
50# Minimum
Cover Material:
Pages 37-38
10-12 Pt NASTA
Binding Method:
Pages 35-36
Saddlewire
Three Stitches if >9-1/4”
Folder Paste center
section, if parallel grain
(Sidewire, Side Sewn,
Smyth and Side Stitch
also allowed for AA)
Note: 1/16” normal variation
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1. MSST Binding
Specifications for
Casebound Books
McCain, Smyth,
Adhesive Case
2. Common Tests used on
materials, coatings,
bindings
22
Cover Materials: Creation of the
Specification Grades
• In 1960 the American Library Association
commissioned a study to give librarians a
broader and more modern selection of
bookbindings for library use.
• Nearly 2,000 discarded books were inspected
and areas of damage were documented. The
major causes of damage were impact and
abrasion.
• In 1962 the Universal Book Tester (UBT) was
developed to simulate the wear of books in a
controlled environment.
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UBT Tester
• One hour in the UBT is
considered LIGHT usage.
• Two hours in the UBT is
considered MEDIUM usage.
• Three hours in the UBT is
considered HEAVY usage.
Textbooks are tested using
the three hour test.
24
UBT Results
• Comparison
– 100 pound C1S (Pink)
One Hour Test
vs.
– Type II Laminated
(Blue)
– Type II Lacquered
(Orange)
Three Hour Test
25
Type II & Type III
Test Requirements

Standards for the following properties have been set,
and are tested prior to printing and finishing.
•
•
•
•
•

Breaking Strength
Elongation
Tear Resistance
Abrasion
Folding Endurance
•
Internal Bond
•
Blocking
•
Stability to Light
•
Water Spotting
Resistance
Durability is a combination of all the properties
above. Meeting most of the above specifications will
often not produce a durable book.
26
MSST Specification Exercise
Book Specifications:
Hard-Cover Textbook
Grade Level 11
Trim Size 8-1/2 x 11
Pages 800
Paper Bulk 770 PPI
Class ______________
Book Specifications:
Hard-Cover Textbook
Grade Level 1
Trim Size 8-1/2 x 11
Pages 192
Paper Bulk 700 PPI
Class ______________
Margins:_____________________
_____________________________
Margins:______________________
_____________________________
Paper Basis Weight:___________
Paper Basis Weight:____________
Binding:_____________________
Binding:______________________
Cover Board and Case wrap type:
____________________________
Cover Board and Case wrap type:
_________________________________
27
MSST Specification Exercise
Book Specifications:
Hard-Cover Textbook
Grade Level 11
Trim Size 8-1/2 x 11
Pages 800
Paper Bulk 770 PPI
Class II (Grade 9-12)
Book Specifications:
Hard-Cover Textbook
Grade Level 1
Trim Size 8-1/2 x 11
Pages 192
Paper Bulk 700 PPI
Class E (Grade 1-8)
Dependent upon binding
Margins:_____________________
style, see page 10
_____________________________
3/4” Back, 3/8” Head,
Margins:______________________
_____________________________
1/2” Front, 5/8” Foot
40# or 45#
Paper Basis Weight:___________
50#
Paper Basis Weight:____________
Side Stitch, Smyth, Adhesive
Binding:_____________________
Side Stitch
Binding:______________________
Cover Board and Case wrap type:
.098
Type II
____________________________
Cover Board and Case wrap type:
.088
Type II
_________________________________
28
Need Interpretations?
Robert (Woody) Duncan
Manufacturing/Publishing
History 1964-2005
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Apprentice Pressman,
Kingsport Press, Inc
Pricing and Policy Manager,
Arcata Book Group
VP Production, Scott
Foresman and Company
VP Production/Design,
Richard D. Irwin Company
VP Production, McDougal
Littell Company
VP Mfg & Purchasing,
Macmillan McGraw-Hill
Company
President, D.B. Hess Company
ACTS Technical Director
Robert (Woody) Duncan
Technical Director
P.O. Box 1993
627 North Dawson Street
Thomasville, GA 31792
Phone: (229) 228-9011
Fax: (229) 228-9093
E-Mail: [email protected]
Publication Orders
BMI Office
Two Armand Beach Drive 1B
Palm Coast, FL 32137
Phone: (386) 986-4552
Fax: (386) 986-4553
General Email:
[email protected]
MSST Copyright© 2002
National Association of State Textbook
Administrators (NASTA)
29
Inquiries to the Technical Director
Clarification
Confirmation
Guidance
Advise
Interpretations
30
Interpretations - Inquiry Sampling
• Questions requiring clarification or
confirmation, advise, consent, e.g.
• How do I obtain a copy of MSST?
• Form B – Class of Textbook, etc.
• New product/method process/procedure
• Recommend Independent Testing Facilities
• Insert corrections, maximum, etc.
• Font size standards?
• Form M - General
31
Questions and Discussion
Thank You From BMI
32