Presented by : Stacey Weber, EdS Denise Hildebrand, PhD, BCaBA FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Learning Outcomes Day 4 • Understand how evaluating Behavior Intervention Plans links to the Problem Solving Method. • Share and review your case example BIP. • Learn steps on how to facilitate evaluating and refining a BIP within the teaming process. • Learn decision making rules to determine level of educational need (i.e., discrepancy), rates of improvement and level of resources to support intervention needs. • Apply skills of evaluating and refining a BIP to a district/program case example. FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Agenda • • • • • Review Create a graph Troubleshooting BIG Ideas! Next Steps... FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Application Assignments • Using your hypothesis and FBA data for your case example develop a BIP: – Set the Stage – Educational – Motivational • Bring back information on the IEP document form (or district/program based form). – Be prepared to share with colleagues. FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 BIP Evaluation Rubric BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION PLAN SELF ASSESSMENT Rate the Behavioral Intervention Plan for the essential components using: 0=Not Met (component not evident) .5=Partially Met (at least half of the component evident) 1= Met (ALL of component evident) General Standards for Completing BIP Components: Behavioral Intervention Plan (BIP) Environment Instruction & Curriculum Positive supports Motivators and Rewards Summary of Previous Interventions Attempted– Describe any environmental changes made, evaluations conducted, instructional strategy or curriculum changes made or replacement behaviors taught. A list of previous interventions that includes the first and last documented intervention dates (e.g., a sticker chart, log), the person(s) who implemented the intervention, and data on the effectiveness of the intervention. The only interventions listed are those that have been used to address the target behaviors. The intervention list includes specific descriptions of actions taken with the student (e.g., role plays of hand raising, discussions of how to refuse something) in addition to broad service labels (e.g., social work, counseling, problem solving). Replacement Behaviors – Describe which new behaviors or skills will be taught to meet the identified function of the target behavior (e.g. raise hand instead of calling out). Include description of how these behaviors/skills will be taught. At least one clear replacement behavior is listed using understandable terminology. Produce the SAME Function/Outcome as problem behavior Are socially appropriate within the context Are as (or more) efficient than problem behavior A step-by-step task analysis to teach each replacement behavior is included (i.e., who, what, when, where, how long, for different situations and settings). Environment – How can the environment or circumstances that trigger the target behavior be adjusted? A description of the practices that were identified as reinforcing or contributing to the target behavior (e.g., management practices, academic materials, teacher approach of the student, etc.) is included. At least one strategy is identified to minimize the likelihood that the problem behavior will be reinforced. At least one strategy is identified to reinforce the use of the replacement behavior. The strategies are linked to FBA data. Recommendations for classroom set-up, staff behavior change, and/or different materials are included. Describe any necessary teacher training and support to implement these strategies. Instruction and/or Curriculum – What changes in instructional strategies or curriculum would be helpful? Statements are included about 1) how the student is currently included and involved in instruction, 2) how accurate the student is performing on materials, and 3) how independent the student is with the current materials. Statements describing tactics to increase student involvement in lessons, increase student accuracy on assigned materials (e.g., preview, differentiation), and increased assistance or feedback for engagement are included. Positive Supports – Describe all additional services or supports needed to address the student’s identified needs that contribute to the target behavior. If academic skills have been determined to contribute to the occurrence of the target behavior, a differentiation plan is included that describes how the format and presentation materials will be changed. If social skills are determined to contribute to the occurrence of the target behavior, a description of how and where these skills will be taught (i.e., a lesson outline) is included. FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Rating Score 3 (1) (1) (1) 4 (1) (1) (1) (1) 6 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 2 (1) (1) 2 (1) Partner Reflection 1. 2. 3. 4. Pair up with your partner. Exchange case example information. Evaluate using the BIP Rubric. Share with your colleague and review Set the Stage, Teach, Motivational strategies and discuss , if appropriate. 5. Be prepared to share with group. FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Team Agreements Data-based Action Plan Evaluation FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Implementation Behavior Support Elements * Hypothesis statement * Alternative behaviors * Competing behavior analysis *Contextual fit * Evidence-based interventions Problem Behavior Functional Assessment Intervention & Support Plan * Implementation support * Data plan * Continuous improvement * Sustainability plan Fidelity of Implementation • Team-based • Behavior competence FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Impact on Behavior & Lifestyle Steps in Leading a Team from FBA to a BIP 1. Summarize FBA Data 2. Clarify Core Features of the BIP 3. Facilitate Discussion to Identify Intervention Options 4. Select Options with a strong Contextual Fit. 5. Specify Details of how the BIP will be Implemented. FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Step 5: Specify Details of Implementation BIP • Transform ideas into a formal implementation plan – – – – Identify who will do what, when, and how often Schedule coaching support & monitoring integrity Set goal and schedule for monitoring effectiveness Communication with family, staff and students 1. Summarize FBA 2. Clarify Core Features of BIP 3. Identify Intervention Options FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 4. Select Option with a Contextual Fit 5. Specify BIP Implementation Details Specifying the Implementation of BIP • In only 37% of FBA/BIPs reviewed, the BIP was specific, rather than a general list of options. • That is, it included specific descriptions of how to respond to misbehavior. E.g., “When the student does_____, adults do _______.” FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 1 Van Acker, R. & Boreson, L. Specifying BIP Example • When Bobby fails to comply with a teacher request within 20 seconds, – (1) repeat the request; – (2a) if he fails to comply and the task requires overt motor action on his part, he is guided through the requested action. This should be done calmly and without speaking or otherwise attending to Bobby. He then gets a mild reinforcer from the teacher. When Bobby complies within 20 seconds, he gets enthusiastic praise from the teacher. FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 FBA/BIP Aligned with the Problem Solving Process Problem Identification Is there a problem? What is it? Problem Analysis Plan Evaluation Why is it happening? Did the plan work? Plan Development What should be done about it? FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 1 INTERVENTION PLAN LOGISTICS FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Intervention Plan Logistics What? When? Where? Who? Start Date? Include strategies for Setting the Stage, Teaching and Motivating Consider frequency, duration, time of day. Consider various locations (e.g., in class, hallway, library) Consider all resources in your building (Think flexibly). Consider time to prepare in order to implement the plan. FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 The Who, What, Where, When of the BIP FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 REMEMBER When Implementing BIPs: • Focus on one context and behavior at a time. • Plan for frequent review in the beginning so that the plan can be tweaked. • Do develop a scaffolded plan of implementation. • Select strategies that align with the context and are more likely to be a part of the natural environment. FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 COACHING SUPPORT AND FIDELITY OF IMPLEMENTATION FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Implementation Integrity Logistics What? Identify materials and resources (location, time) needed to implement intervention. How? Identify materials needed to prepare for implementation (e.g., training) and to evaluate implementation (e.g., observation tool or checklist). Identify person (e.g., data coach) to conduct observations and support implementer. Who? How Often? Set a schedule for observation checks. More frequent in the beginning and less frequent in the later stages of implementation. FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Implementation Plan: Checklist for Coaching/Monitoring Proactive strategies / Set the stage for success Teach Skills Motivate Hand Angela a visual when it is time to check her schedule (picture of herself) P Use a “first-then” visual before beginning an activity. Place a schedule icon in the “first” position and place a picture of a break activity of her choice in the “then” position. State and gesture to the card, “First __________, then_________.” P Staff body position should block from direct access to the door and keep things out of her reach, P Use a separate room or work area for goal work, after P.E., independent work. If you need to walk away from her, tell her when she is going to P wait and be specific about where you are going/when you’ll be back – give her something to do (bright pics, digital pics). Also try to get someone else to be with her. P Reinforce the “break” sign during activities, before she uses her behavior to say what she wants. Maintain close proximity to Angela, even when she is engaged in a break-time activity. P Provide the opportunity to take a walk within or after activities to refocus Ask for a break (“I need a break”) using picture communication or signs Provide frequent reinforcement that is visually represented during activities (e.g., walks, access to an item, etc.) Ask for attention (“Come talk to me”) Reactive strategies: See attached strategies for responses to falling to the floor, hitting/kicking, spitting, screaming, and throwing / destroying / knocking over objects. See protocol for teaching these skills. FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Sample Coaching/Fidelity Checklist SEBASTIAN’S BATHROOM PROTOCOL CHECKLIST Date of Incident: ___________ Date Reviewed: ___________ BATHROOM PLAN STEPS Reviewed rules with Sebastian Criteria Yes Partial No Completed before going to the bathroom Used visual (e.g., social story) to review rules Sebastian stated the 6 steps Staff inside bathroom Male staff present Door open Said, “Sebastian, you have 5 minutes to go to the bathroom. When the timer Staff restated bathroom expectations Start timer for 5 minutes After 2-3 minutes, prompted Sebastian by saying, “Sebastian, you have ___ is up it is time to finish up. I will let you know when your time is up.” minute(s) left before the timer goes off and it is time to finish up.” No verbal interaction with Sebastian except stating expectations Said, “Sebastian, your 5 minutes are up. It is time to finish up. You have 1 Staff indicated 5 minutes ended Staff indicated 1 minute ended Staff enter bathroom stall Staff help Sebastian get dressed Staff escort Sebastian to Quiet Room minute to be washing your hands. If you are not washing your hands when the timer goes off, staff will need to help.” Start timer for 1 minute. No verbal interaction with Sebastian except stating expectations Said, “Sebastian, your 1 minute is up. If you are not outside the bathroom stall washing your hands, staff will help you.” Called for staff assistance. No verbal interaction with Sebastian Second staff member arrived Staff enter bathroom stall Lead staff said, “Wipe” and counts to five. After five, staff helps Sebastian out of bathroom. No verbal interaction with Sebastian No verbal interaction with Sebastian No verbal interaction with Sebastian Follow quiet room procedures (2 quiet minutes, process, read bathroom social story) Staff who implemented plan: ________________________________________________________ Comments:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________ FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Task Analysis of Intervention Discuss Q&A Verbal Role-play Observe Feedback Sample Coaching/Fidelity Checklist PREVENT – Environmental Support 1. Mini schedule of group & center time available 2. Schedule reviewed prior to task 3. Schedule reviewed & items crossed off TEACH – Replacement Behavior 1. Remind to use Dynamite prior to transition 2. Provided choice board and honored choice REINFORCE –Replacement Behavior 1. Verbally or gesturally acknowledge ASAP 2. Allowed to cool off for 1-minute TOTAL (# Yes/ # Total) Fidelity Score ( .00 – 1.00) FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Training Review Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Team Time Discuss these questions and plan for your case example: • How does training and coaching for implementers occur? • What tool is used to monitor integrity of BIP? • How often is the integrity data reviewed to guide training and coaching? FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION PLAN (AS APPROPRIATE) ISBE IEP Forms: BIP Behavioral Intervention Strategies and Supports Environment – How can the environment or circumstances that trigger the target behavior be adjusted? Instruction and/or Curriculum – What changes in instructional strategies or curriculum would be helpful? Positive Supports – Describe all additional services or supports needed to address the student’s identified needs that contribute to the target behavior. Motivators and/or Rewards – Describe how the student will be reinforced to ensure that replacement behaviors are more motivating than the target behavior. Restrictive Disciplinary Measures – Describe any restrictive disciplinary measures that may be used with the student and any conditions under which such measures may be used (include necessary documentation and timeline for evaluation.) Crisis Plan – Describe how an emergency situation or behavior crisis will be handled. Data Collection Procedures and Methods – Describe expected outcomes of the interventions, how data will be collected and measured, timelines for and criteria to determine success or lack of success of the interventions. Provisions For Coordination with Caregivers – Describe how the school will work with the caregivers to share information, provide training to caregivers if needed, and how often this communication will take place. FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 3 2 of 2 GOAL SETTING AND PROGRESS MONITORING FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 UP or Down? • Increase a behavior? • Decrease a behavior? FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Fundamental Rule “You should not propose to reduce a problem behavior without also identifying alternative, desired behaviors person should perform instead of problem behavior” (O’Neill et al., 1997, p. 71). FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Writing OBSERVABLE and MEASUREABLE Goals • Specify timeframe • Specify desired behavior • Specify measurement condition • Specify criterion for success • Check: Can you graph this goal? FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Setting a Goal • Define Success! – Context specific – Zero occurrences of behavior is unrealistic • What features of misbehavior do you want to change? Consider: – Frequency of behavior – Duration of behavior – Context in which behavior occurs • How much does the behavior need to decrease to be acceptable? FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Example: Kathy IEP Goal • By May 2015, when presented with independent math work, Kathy will complete the work (independently or with an adult or peer) without destroying materials, drawing on materials, placing head on table or engaging in off-topic conversations in 80% of opportunities. FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Using Data to Write a Goal • Student: Joe, 5th grader • Target Behavior: Tantrums – loud outbursts (above conversational level) screaming or yelling, lasting more than 3 seconds, that may or may not be paired with crying and throwing materials. • Hypothesis of Function: When given an independent work tasks (worksheet, silent reading, workbook etc) Joe exhibits tantrum behavior in order to escape the work requirement. • Replacement Behavior: request a break from independent work tasks FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Plan to Monitor Progress and Evaluate BIP • In only 33% of FBA/BIPs reviewed, there was a plan to monitor and evaluate the BIP. • If the target behavior has not been clearly and operationally defined, it will be difficult to design a plan to monitor progress. • Many of the FBAs reviewed stated that “data will be collected”, but there were no specifics on who would collect what data when. • Some plans focused on “weekly communication” with parents, but did not specify how that would happen, what would be reported, and who would collect the FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Van Acker, R. & Boreson, L. data. Use BIP Rubric Data Collection Procedures & Methods Section To Evaluate: 1. Student will carry a daily point sheet and updated each trimester. 2. When student is given an individual direction, he will comply within 2 mins by staying in his work areas, and initiating the task for 95% of his instructional time. FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 3 Data Collection Procedures and Methods • Describe expected outcomes of the interventions; • How data will be collected and measured; and • Timelines for and criteria to determine success or lack of success of the interventions. FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Example Expected behavior change Bobby will comply (without prompts or cues) with requests made by his teachers (within 20 seconds of the request being made) at least 80% of the time. Methods/criteria for outcome measurement Event recording – reevaluate weekly and increase criteria as his average of compliance increases. FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Schedule Daily sampling of compliance – a minimum of 3 10minute samples each day. Evaluate at least weekly – reestablish criteria if average rate of compliance improves by at least 5%. Reports on compliance to accompany report cards. Progress Monitoring Logistics How? Define method of data collection. What? Identify materials needed to collect the data. Where? Identify location of data collection. When? Determine frequency of data collection (e.g., at least weekly) and time of day. Select a person who knows how to use the progress monitoring tool. Who? FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Kathy Progress Monitoring Logistics How? Occurrence / non-occurrence data will be collected What? Data sheet Where? Student record / grade book When? At least weekly Who? Math teacher or classroom assistant FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Monitoring and Evaluating BIP Goal and Data Collection FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Evaluate: Data Collection Procedures and Methods • By May, when presented with independent math work, Kathy will complete the work (independently or with an adult or peer) without destroying materials, drawing on materials, placing head on table or engaging in off-topic conversations in 80% of opportunities. Data will be collected through daily point sheets by the classroom teacher or teaching assistant. Data will be reviewed daily within the first two weeks of implementation and every 6 weeks during classroom team meetings. Changes to BIP will occur as needed and based on data progress. FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Updating BIPs WHEN SHOULD WE? • the team changes something that alters the student’s educational program WHEN DO WE HAVE TO? • at least yearly and/or if disciplinary action is expected/occurring • the DATA tells you! FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Guidelines in Scheduling a Review of BIP • Take Off: More frequently in beginning (2-3 weeks) – New implementer – New environment (e.g., classroom) – New behavior • In Flight: Every 4-6 weeks once a plan is being implemented • Landing: Every 4-6 weeks for a couple of rounds, then increase to 2-4 months (3-4 per year). FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Team Time Discuss and plan according to your case example: • What is your goal? Consider long and shortterm goals. • Define your progress monitoring logistics for mentoring the goal. • What are your decision making guidelines for change? FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 COMMUNICATION WITH PARENTS OR CAREGIVERS FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Provisions For Coordination with Caregivers • A communication plan is included that describes when (e.g., the approximate points in the year; how often) the parents will be updated on student progress and with what communication method (e.g., email, phone). • The communication must reflect a behavioral (IEP) goal that focuses on the replacement behaviors. FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Kathy: Coordination with Caregivers • A daily communication notebook will be sent home to increase communication between home and school and for parents to share information regarding Kathy's sleeping habits. The notebook will be checked by Kathy's homeroom teacher in the morning. Kathy's daily point sheet will also be sent home in the communication notebook by Kathy's homeroom teacher at the end of the day. Parents will be sent updated behavior graphs every two months, displaying information related to Kathy's independent work and appropriate behavior (IEP goal) as well as progress reports when report cards are sent home. FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION PLAN (AS APPROPRIATE) ISBE IEP Forms: BIP Behavioral Intervention Strategies and Supports Environment – How can the environment or circumstances that trigger the target behavior be adjusted? Instruction and/or Curriculum – What changes in instructional strategies or curriculum would be helpful? Positive Supports – Describe all additional services or supports needed to address the student’s identified needs that contribute to the target behavior. Motivators and/or Rewards – Describe how the student will be reinforced to ensure that replacement behaviors are more motivating than the target behavior. Restrictive Disciplinary Measures – Describe any restrictive disciplinary measures that may be used with the student and any conditions under which such measures may be used (include necessary documentation and timeline for evaluation.) Crisis Plan – Describe how an emergency situation or behavior crisis will be handled. Data Collection Procedures and Methods – Describe expected outcomes of the interventions, how data will be collected and measured, timelines for and criteria to determine success or lack of success of the interventions. Provisions For Coordination with Caregivers – Describe how the school will work with the caregivers to share information, provide training to caregivers if needed, and how often this communication will take place. FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 3 2 of 2 Team Time Discuss and plan according to your case example: • What method(s) will be used to communicate data with parents? • How often will communication occur? • Who will communicate what information to parents/caregivers? FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Before Evaluating BIPs... School-Based Teams must develop systems to: Identify training and resource needs of those who implement the plan Plan for monitoring of student outcomes Plan for monitoring implementation integrity Schedule regularly progress reviews FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Evaluating BIPS FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Essential Components of BIP during Plan Evaluation • Progress monitoring of student behavior and trends analyzed • Implementation integrity monitored • Intervention modified as needed Problem Identification Plan Evaluation FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Problem Analysis Plan Development Key Questions • Is the plan having any impact on the behavior of the target person? • Is the plan having any impact on the behavior of the staff, family, and others in the target setting? FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Evaluating Effectiveness of BIPS • Summarize and Graph data • Evaluate Data based on Decision Making Guidelines • Assess for Contextual Fit • Communicate with Caregivers/Providers FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 “No graph, no meeting.” = To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention, the progress monitoring data should be displayed in graphic form. FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Essential Components of a Graph 2. Goal Statement Graph Titles and Labels 3. 4. QL's Complying with Directions Chart Baseline Data Phase line(s) 5. Aimline/Goal Line 6. Trendline Percentage of Compliance with Directions 1. In 6 weeks QL will comply with directions without any prompts within 2 minutes 75% of the time. 120 100 80 baseline 60 Comply with Directions 40 Goal 20 Linear (Comply with Directions) 0 Week of 54 Create a Graph Using Joe’s Data Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Opportunities Tantrums 6 10 4 6 5 6 8 5 5 10 5 8 4 3 4 3 3 2 1 2 FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Breaks 0 1 0 2 1 3 4 3 4 8 Evaluating Graphs • Analysis of Level • Analysis of Trend • Analysis of Variability FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Data Based Decision Making Guidelines… Compare Trend and Aim Lines: – Trend steeper than aimline • Increase goal – Aimline steeper than trend • Change intervention 3-Consecutive Data Points: – 3 data points above the aimline/criteria • Increase goal – 3 data points below the aimline/criteria • Change intervention – Aimline consistent with trend – 3 data points consistent with the aimline/criteria • Maintain intervention • Maintain intervention FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 A General Rule… The more data and the greater the stability of those data, the more confidence to make educational decision(s). Greater variability in data indicates the need for additional data to make educational decision(s). FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 • Multiple sources of data. Consider: – – – – Number of data points Variability of data Level of performance Direction and degree of trends in data • Convergent data and professional judgment • Based on resources available within the environment FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Keep in Mind.... • NO Integrity data AND Progress monitoring data....no decision making! • When ever you look at progress monitoring graphs, integrity data should be viewed along side in order to make a decision. FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Increasing Active Engaged Time 60 Number of Intervals . 50 90% 88% 84% 40 82% 76% 78% 76% 70% 68% 30 20 10 0 Days Total Engaged FBA/BIP Training Series:Goal Day 4 Actual Active 78% Change in Plan FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Change in Plan FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Class average = 2 FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Type of progress monitoring data collected is the same as baseline data collected? FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Team Time Discuss and plan according to your case example: • Discuss your plan for graphing the data, decision making rules and when the review will occur. • If you have a graph of data, review and evaluate your effectiveness of BIP. FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Assess Contextual Fit • Determine to what extent to which the people who are implementing a behavior support plan find the elements of the plan: – Consistent with their personal values – Consistent with the professional skills – Consistent with the resources available in the setting – Consistent with the available administrative support FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Assess Implementation of Communication Plan with Caregivers/Provider • Assess whether communication plan was implemented as intended – Did we communicate at certain points of year as was predetermined? As often as was intended? – Did we update parents on student progress? With predetermined communication method (e.g., email, phone)? • Did the communication reflect a behavioral (IEP) goal that focuses on the replacement behaviors? FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Next Steps… FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 Pair-Plan • Based on Your Target Case Example: – Identify decision making guidelines – Identify steps to train/coach BIP implementers – Plan on how to collect integrity data – Determine plan for graphing data – Schedule a time to evaluate progress toward goal and revise BIP FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4 FBA/BIP Training Series: Day 4
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