1. health and fitness
2. disease

Internal assessment resource Science 1.11B for Achievement Standard 90950
PAGE FOR TEACHER USE
Internal Assessment Resource
Science Level 1
This resource supports assessment against:
Achievement Standard 90950
Investigate biological ideas relating to interactions between
humans and micro-organisms
Resource title: Know Your Enemy – Pathogens
4 credits
This resource:

Clarifies the requirements of the standard

Supports good assessment practice

Should be subjected to the school’s usual assessment quality assurance
process

Should be modified to make the context relevant to students in their school
environment and ensure that submitted evidence is authentic
Date version published
by Ministry of Education
December 2010
Authenticity of evidence
Teachers must manage authenticity for any
assessment from a public source, because students
may have access to the assessment schedule or
student exemplar material.
To support internal assessment from 2011
Using this assessment resource without modification
may mean that students work is not authentic. The
teacher may need to change figures, measurements or
data sources or set a different context or topic to be
investigated or a different text to read or perform.
This resource is copyright © Crown 2010
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Internal assessment resource Science 1.11B for Achievement Standard 90950
PAGE FOR TEACHER USE
Internal Assessment Resource
Achievement Standard Science 90950: Investigate biological
ideas relating to interactions between humans and microorganisms
Resource Reference: Science 1.11B
Resource Title: Know Your Enemy – Pathogens
Credits: 4
Teacher guidelines
The following guidelines are supplied to enable teachers to carry out valid and
consistent assessment using this internal assessment resource.
Teachers need to be very familiar with the outcome being assessed by Achievement
Standard 90950. The Achievement Criteria and the Explanatory Notes contain
information, definitions, and requirements that are crucial when interpreting the
standard and assessing students against it.
Context/setting
This is a research activity that requires students to investigate biological ideas related
to how humans are affected by two different micro-organisms. The context for this
activity is the activity of pathogens. This is a context that most students will either
have experienced or be aware of.
It assumes prior knowledge of key structural features and life processes as they
relate to micro-organisms. The environmental factors (MRSGREN) which all affect
organisms should also be understood.
In this activity, students will individually research two micro-organisms that cause
disease or sickness. They will be required to present their findings in class, as work
sheets, written reports, posters, oral presentations or in any other suitable manner.
Conditions
The collecting and collating of information may be done in class and/or at home, but
the presentation of findings should be completed in class to ensure authenticity.
Up to three hours should be allowed for researching and one hour of class time to
present this information.
Resource requirements
The information could come from a variety of sources such as resource sheets,
photos, videos, websites, and reference texts. Students may be provided with
resource materials or required to search for them. However, in providing such
material both of the following points should be considered, as supplying both kinds of
information will provide students with a fairer opportunity to succeed.
This resource is copyright © Crown 2010
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Internal assessment resource Science 1.11B for Achievement Standard 90950
PAGE FOR TEACHER USE

Most health organisations provide information that covers the interaction between
a pathogen and individuals.

Most historical accounts provide information that covers the interaction between a
pathogen and human populations.
Additional information
The teaching and learning programme before assessment should include:
Biological ideas relating to how humans use and are affected by micro-organisms
may include the following (EN 8):

structure and life processes of micro-organisms

factors that affect the life processes of micro-organisms.
Conditions of Assessment related to this achievement standard can be found at
www.tki.org.nz/e/community/ncea/conditions-assessment.php.
Investigate involves using observations or findings to describe how humans use or
are affected by micro-organisms. (EN 3)
Investigate in depth involves using findings and biological ideas to explain how or
why humans use or are affected by micro-organisms. (EN 4)
Investigate comprehensively involves using findings and biological ideas to make
significant links about the interactions between humans and micro-organisms,
including the impacts of this knowledge on human’s personal actions or everyday life.
It may involve explaining, elaborating, applying, justifying, relating, evaluating,
comparing and contrasting, and analysing. (EN 5)
NOTE: Mutual exclusion exists between this standard and AS90927.
This resource is copyright © Crown 2010
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Internal assessment resource Science 1.11B for Achievement Standard 90950
PAGE FOR STUDENT USE
Internal Assessment Resource
Achievement Standard Science 90950: Investigate biological
ideas relating to interactions between humans and microorganisms
Resource Reference: Science 1.11B
Resource Title: Know Your Enemy – Pathogens
Credits: 4
Achievement
Investigate biological ideas
relating to interactions
between humans and microorganisms.
Achievement with Merit
Achievement with
Excellence
Investigate, in depth,
biological ideas relating to
interactions between humans
and micro-organisms.
Investigate, comprehensively,
biological ideas relating to
interactions between humans
and micro-organisms.
Student instructions
This research activity requires you to investigate biological ideas related to how
humans are affected by TWO different types of pathogens of << name pathogens or
allow students to choose>>. Pathogens are disease causing micro-organisms such
as bacteria, fungi or viruses.
The activity consists of TWO parts:
Part 1: Collecting and processing information.
Part 2: Presenting a report.
The research may be done in class and/or at home but you must process and report
on your findings in class to ensure authenticity. Use a range of resources to collect
your information, e.g. as resource sheets, photos, videos, websites, and reference
texts.
A research planning template sheet is provided to help you with collecting the
information you require for your report
You may present your findings as a worksheet, report, poster, or orally as agreed
with your teacher.
Conditions
<<Insert specific conditions, including time allowed for each part, resources
provided, milestones for checking research and a due date. >>
This resource is copyright © Crown 2010
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Internal assessment resource Science 1.11B for Achievement Standard 90950
PAGE FOR STUDENT USE
Task - Investigate one pathogen and its effect on humans
Part 1: Collecting and processing information
Use Resource 1 to collect and process relevant information from a range of sources
on TWO different types of pathogens << name pathogens or allow students to choose>>
and allow you to:

Identify and describe BOTH micro-organisms, including their life cycle.

Investigate how and why this micro-organism causes disease or makes humans
sick. Make links to specific life processes of the pathogens (e.g. movement,
respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition) and the
environmental factors that affect these.

Use biological ideas to explain why and how people combat the micro-organisms
or try to limit its effects as a pathogen.
Processing usually involves:

selecting the bits of information (photocopying, printing, notes) that relate to the
questions above

summarising the relevant information by highlighting text, writing notes, and
circling useful diagrams/illustrations

organising your information;

providing references for all your sources (e.g., URL(s) or book titles and authors).
Part 2: Presenting a report
Use your collected and processed information from part 1 (including the research
templates from Resource 1), to produce a report that investigates the biological ideas
relating to how humans are affected by TWO different types of pathogens.
The report could be in one of the following formats: << modify if required>>

written report (including illustrations, diagrams and graphs, if appropriate)

Power point

poster presentation, (unless it includes supporting discussion)
Acknowledge all your sources of information.
Your report must use your findings and biological ideas to:
1. Explain how or why humans are affected by TWO pathogens. You need to
consider the following:
o
structure and life processes of micro-organisms
o
factors that affect the life processes of micro-organisms.
2. Make significant links about the interactions between humans and both
pathogens, including the impacts of this knowledge on human’s personal
actions or everyday life.
This may involve explaining, elaborating, applying, justifying, relating, evaluating,
comparing and contrasting, and analysing.
This resource is copyright © Crown 2010
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Internal assessment resource Science 1.11B for Achievement Standard 90950
PAGE FOR STUDENT USE
Resource 1: Know Your Enemy research template
Your name: ____________________________________
Pathogen: _____________________________________
Identify and describe your chosen pathogen’s life cycle
How it causes disease or sickness
Specific life processes
Environmental factors affecting the pathogen’s life processes
This resource is copyright © Crown 2010
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Internal assessment resource Science 1.11B for Achievement Standard 90950
PAGE FOR TEACHER USE
Assessment Schedule: Science 90950 Know Your Enemy – Pathogens
Evidence/Judgements for
Achievement
Uses findings to describe how humans are
affected by TWO types of pathogens.
Evidence can come from anywhere in the
report.
Evidence/Judgements for Achievement with
Merit
Evidence/Judgements for Achievement with
Excellence
As for achieved and,
As for Merit and,
Uses findings AND biological ideas to give a reason
for how OR why humans are affected by TWO types
of pathogens.
Uses findings AND biological ideas to make
significant links about the interactions between
humans and ONE pathogen, including the impacts of
this knowledge on human’s personal actions or
everyday life. It may involve explaining, elaborating,
applying, justifying, relating, evaluating, comparing
and contrasting, and analysing.
Evidence must come from the report.
Evidence must come from the report.
The pathogens can any two of: bacteria,
virus, or fungus.
Explains how the disease or sickness is caused by
the described the two pathogens.
For example:
For example:
Salmonella (a range of species) is a
bacterium.
Illness is caused by toxin not the bacteria.
It has no resistant spores.
It is capable of exponential growth.
It reproduces by fast binary fission (not
mitosis).
Its life cycle may include the human gut
AND
This causes food poisoning.
Damages the lining of the small intestine.
High numbers of bacteria/toxin levels are needed to
cause illness.
Salmonella affects the lining of the small intestine
leading to nausea, vomiting, cramps, diarrhoea,
bleeding, and fever (in bloodstream).
Biological ideas making significant links about the
interactions between humans and ONE pathogen,
including the impacts of this knowledge on human’s
personal actions or everyday life.
For example:
Links related to

hygiene

knowledge of life cycle
At least one life processes and related environmental
factors are considered for each pathogen.

antibiotics (Gram negative)
For example:

sanitation, sewage treatment

water treatment (Cl, O3,UV)

antibiotics, competition

toxin is protein, so can be destroyed by heat.
Anaerobic or aerobic respiration allows the
salmonella bacteria to live in and outside gut
o
The bacteria survive freezing but heat (60 C) kills
them.
This resource is copyright © Crown 2010
As for Merit and,
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Internal assessment resource Science 1.11B for Achievement Standard 90950
PAGE FOR TEACHER USE
They are motile if in liquid.
Transmission between mammals, birds, reptiles
ensures that hosts are available.
Final grades will be decided using professional judgement based on a holistic examination of the evidence provided against the criteria in the
Achievement Standard.
This resource is copyright © Crown 2010
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