Immune System Review Worksheet Name: Date: Period: 1. (6.3.1, 11.1.3) Define the following terms: a. pathogen: b. active immunity: c. passive immunity : 2. Outline one example of an infection by each of the following types of pathogens: Type of pathogen BACTERIA VIRUS FUNGI PROTOZOA Example disease Cholera AIDS Ring Worm Amoebic dysentery Pathogen Vibrio cholerae Method of transmission Contaminated drinking water or food Symptoms Severe diarrhea and vomiting Treatment Urgent oral rehydration, antibiotics Dangers Death by dehydration 3. (6.3.2) Explain why antibiotics can be used to treat bacterial infections but not viruses. 4. (6.3.2) How does overuse of antibiotics lead to antibiotic resistance? 5. (6.3.4) Outline the role of skin and mucous membranes in primary defense (acting as barriers against pathogens): Skin is a tough barrier Hairs, e.g. nose Mucous, such as in nose, airways Acidic conditions (e.g. stomach and vagina) Lysozymes Natural organisms 6. State the functions of the following components of the blood: Leukocytes (white blood cells) Phagocytes Lymphocytes B-Cells Macrophages T-Cells 7. Outline how phagocytic leukocytes ingest pathogens in the blood and body tissues. Method of membrane transport: How does it work? 8. ((6.3.5) Distinguish between antibodies and antigens. Antibody 9. A globular protein. Produced as part of the immune response. Specific to the antigen on the pathogen – the antigen binding site is analogous to the active site of an enzyme. (11.1.2) Explain clonal selection as a basis for immunity. There are many different types of lymphocytes in the immune system. 10. (11.1.2) Briefly describe the principle of polyclonal selection. 11. (11.1.2) State the role of memory cells following an infection. 12. (11.1.3) State examples of the following types of immunity. Active Natural Artificial Natural 13. 6.3.6) Explain how antibodies are produced. 14. (11.1.6) Explain the principles of vaccination. Antigen is introduced to the body Passive Artificial 15. (11.1.7) Discuss the benefits and potential dangers of vaccinations. Benefits Eradication of diseases, such as smallpox. Potential Dangers 16. (6.3.7) Outline the effects of HIV on the immune system. Effect on lymphocytes Effect on antibody production Effect on health 17. (6.3.8) Outline some of the economic impacts of HIV in the developing world. 18. HPV is a sexually-transmitted virus which is the leading cause of cervical cancer in women. a. List three other sexually transmitted infections. b. Suggest how a virus could cause cancer. c. Describe how the following can protect women: HPV vaccine Regular PAP smears 19. (11.1.5) Monoclonal antibodies are produced industrially for use in medicine. a. State three uses of monoclonal antibodies Diagnosis of condition Pregnancy test kits, heart attack detection Diagnosis of infection Treatment b. Describe the industrial process of monoclonal antibody production. Refer to B-cells, tumours and hybridomas. Immune response is stimulated in a lab animal Specific B-cells are harvested *Some Review questions courtesy of Stephen Taylor at BIS