Duceragold Keep it simple and safe. 2 General notes on Duceragold ® Kiss Indications for use • Duceragold Kiss is a veneering porcelain for precious alloy frameworks (crowns and bridges) with a CTE of 16,2–17,6 µm/m·K (25– 600 °C). Duceragold Kiss is also compatible with the pressable glass-ceramic Cergo Kiss. • Use only with precious alloys with a minimum solidus temperature of 900 °C. • For dental use only Contraindications: • Only the indications listed above are suitable. Warnings Undesired side effects of these medical products are extremely rarely to be expected with proper processing and application. Immunoreactions (e.g. allergies) and /or local unpleasant perceptions (e.g. taste irritations or oral mucosa irritations), however, cannot completely be excluded on principle. If you know any undesirable side effects – also in doubtful cases –, then please communicate them to us. In case of hypersensitivity of the patients against Duceragold Kiss veneering porcelain or one of the ingredients, this medical product must not be used or only used under strict supervision by the treating physician/dentist. Known cross-reactions or interactions of the medical product with other medical products or materials existing in the mouth must be taken into account by the physician/dentist when using the medical product. Please pass on all the above-mentioned information to the Safety notes: – Do not inhale dust particles during grinding. Precautions: When working with these materials, make sure to comply with the Instructions for Use and the corresponding Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). Adverse reactions We are not aware of any risks and /or side effects related to Duceragold Kiss veneering porcelain. Technical Data: • CTE Dentine: 15,1 µm/m·K (25–500°C) • Dental ceramics, type 1, class 2–8 acc. to DIN EN ISO 6872 • metal-ceramic bond characterization, flexural strength and chemical solubility acc. to DIN EN ISO 9693 Transport and storage: • Liquids: Store containers tightly closed at temperatures above 10 °C. • Powders and pastes: Protect from humidity. Symbols on product labels 4 5 6 7 Product code Batch or lot number Use before Consult instructions for use Consult instructions for use 1 2 10 °C Lower Temperature limit Keep dry Combinable Liquids • Paste Opaques: Paste opaque liquid • Shoulder porcelain: Ducera® Liquid Quick • Dentines /Incisals, etc.: Ducera® Liquid SD Ducera® Liquid Form • Stain/Glaze: Ducera® Liquid Stain improved • Isolating Fluid: Ducera® Sep Isolating Fluid ▲ Contents 3 Kiss – 73 Porcelain Powders, 100% Results The Multi-functional powders 5 Kiss and the GoldenGate System® 7 The Kiss concept 10 Duceragold® Kiss Working Technique General information about firing procedures 14 Preparation before layering 15 Basic layering 16 Individual layering 18 The porcelain margin technique 22 Joining techniques 24 Product Range All Duceragold® Kiss products 26 Service Firing recommendations 30 Shade combination tables 37 Abbreviations 39 Trouble shooting 40 Notes 41 Product information and instructions for use For the hydrothermal veneering porcelain Duceragold® Kiss in the GoldenGate System®. 4 It has never been so simple and safe to achieve perfect teeth. And anyone who is skeptical about the fits into a purpose designed case with making things complicated, nothing beauty of this system, will be pleas- which you are able to complete 100 % harder than making things easier. antly surprised, because the shade re- of all restorations. Therefore, real development lies production has been greatly improved. Nothing comes easier than in simplifying and not complicating things. But how can the usual 110 to 120 ceramic powders be reduced so 10 years ago, we made a huge step much without loosing in quality? Duceragold in this direction with the GoldenGate System ®. Suddenly, it was possible Using the following 3 solutions: to achieve all orally functional and aesthetical goals with just one single First of all, with new pigmentation of system. the dentine and opaque powders. In this way the need for intensifiers when But we can make it simpler still. Our layering basic V-Shades is eliminated, new development Duceragold Kiss re- except in individual cases. ® duces the required number of porcelain powders by half. Secondly, by categorising intensifiers and incisal powders more specifically. With only 73 porcelain powders, Duceragold ® Kiss sets new standards The third point is the development of in functional ceramics. a new kind of didactics, which intelligently combines shades, effects and materials. This new complete system Keep it simple and safe. ▲ The Multi-functional powders 5 6 Kiss and the GoldenGate System ®. In 10 years there have been Innovating and standard setting instead of 20 million teeth restored copying is the best formula for a long life using the GoldenGate in our branch. System . In the history of ® dentistry, the hydro-thermal concept has In this way, with the creation of Kiss, allowed trimming and polishing of restora- we also re-create a little piece of the tions after cementation, and the abrasive GoldenGate System® new. characteristics were similar to that of the natural enamel. No other system has done more for the beauty of your smile, achieved more on the dental market. From the large spectrum of indications to its innovative safety, the 10 point promise of the GoldenGate System® created something which had never been seen before: a trade marked product on the dental market that is still as young and vital now as it was 10 years ago. This was only possible because DeguDent understands itself as a pioneer in this type of development. The best ideas only stay new if they are constantly renewed. ▲ Kiss and the GoldenGate System® 7 8 Kiss. Keep it simple and safe. Dear Colleagues, “If you lose sight of your goals, you will have to double your efforts to achieve them.” This ancient wisdom has more meaning today than ever before, especially in our lifetime. Many things appear automated and systemised. But still, we often make things far too complicated to be able to reach our goals. CMDT Jürgen Braunwarth Especially dental veneering systems that The number of powders within this system I am convinced you will be able to make are available today have become complica- has been halved, compared to normal efficient veneers and still be able to make ted, due to a large number of shades and veneering systems – without the loss of them individual. Your results will reach the shade nuances. More is better, and more any aesthetic possibilities. Natural looking best standards whilst bringing together complicated is more perfect, that is the teeth are a prime example of simple beauty patient and your customer in the most impression we got. and the experienced technician knows: positive manner. Unfortunately, many important aspects “The finest art is the art of omission.” I wish you much pleasure and success such as tooth shape, surface texture or functionality have become secondary and The time has come for a new direction in forgotten. veneering. One of my foremost goals was The new Duceragold® Kiss concept uses therefore to combine this new shade and an effective and economical procedure, layering concept with realised didactics combined with a well thought and and to bring forth a systematic way of impressive shade concept. working which is easily understood. with Kiss. ▲ The Concept 9 ▲ 10 The Kiss concept 73 Porcelain powders, 100% Results ▲ The Kiss concept 11 Basic layering with only 40 powders. 0 A1 0 A2 0 A3 0 A3,5 0 A4 0 C1 0 C2 0 C3 0 C4 TC D A1 D A2 D A3 D A3,5 D A4 D C1 D C2 D C3 D C4 Opaker Orange S1 S2 S3 S5 S1 S5 S6 S3 S5 0 B1 0 B2 0 B3 0 B4 0 D2 0 D3 0 D4 D B1 D B2 D B3 D B4 D D2 D D3 D D4 S4 S6 S4 S4 S1 S1 S2 All V-Shades can be reproduced using achieve a much better reproduction of fluorescence characteristics suited to can easily achieve almost everything. only the 40 powders shown here, without the V-Shades in the incisal area. All reproduce the varying shade. A first class The simpler, the better. once having to mix them. Through the opaque powders are exactly adjusted to starting point for your day-to-day That’s Kiss. extension to 6 incisal powders you can the respective basic shade and in their business, with the assurance that you Shade variations are due to print quality. Base powders for V-Shades ▲ 12 The Kiss concept Highend in sight. Individual layering with a system. The Power Chroma shade classification system. 1+2 1+3 1+4 1+5 PC 2 2+3 2+4 2+5 2+6 PC 3 3+4 3+5 3+6 PC 4 4+5 4+6 PC 5 5+6 1+6 S BY 5 Opal effect powders OE Ocean + S BY 1:1 OE Sky 1:1 + S BY 1:1 OE Fog + S BY 1:1 OE Sunset + S BY 1:1 OE Sunrise 1:1 + S BY 1:1 Shade variations are due to print quality. PC 1 Stand by multi-functional powder PC 6 With the aid of the six fluorescent Power way, even the slightest shade transitions system. This powder can be used by and opalescence values within the bluish Chromas you can reproduce almost all can be easily and systematically found. itself or in combination with any other and greyish incisial areas. powder in the set. cervical and mamelon effects as well as Sunset and Sunrise are for characterisation using them to raise the chroma. Simply The multi-functional powder “Stand by” mixing any of these Power Chromas in is a very transparent opal effect powder Using the opal effect powders Ocean, of incisal areas and also for fine transpa- ratio 1:1 creates 15 new shades. In this which plays a key role within the Kiss Sky and Fog you can control brightness rent chroma reduction in the body area. 5 incisals for individual brightness control t se un ES + O 1:1 + S BY 1:1 WS S BY Bleach Opaker Gum 2 + S BY 1:1 Bleach 1:1 Shade variations are due to print quality. ky ES + O :1 1 ky ES + O :1 1 Opaker t se un ES + O 1:1 Gum 1 + OE Ocean 1:1 +W 1: S 1 + OE Ocean 1:1 ES u 1 : nrise 1 1:1 +O 1:1 Flu 2 +O Flu 1 +W 1: S 1 0S 2 13 2 Gum powders for individual gingiva shades. ES u 1 : nrise 1 0S 1 ▲ The Kiss concept F-Kiss The individual incisal powders of the for Flu Inside 1 and 2. As the name in the incisal area. White Surface (WS) A special type of correction powder has Kiss concept are capable of imitating all suggests, these two highly fluorescent is a whitish opalescent effect powder been created with the transparent “Final natural opalescent or fluorescent effects. powders are intended for use on the used for lightening surfaces. By adding Kiss”. By mixing the Gum powders 1 and The Opal Incisal 1 and 2 are for brighter inner layering, where only minimum Stand by the effect can be halved. For 2 with specially selected effect powders (OS 1) and darker (OS 2) shades. For layering thickness is available and the reproducing strongly bleached teeth, we (see diagram) you can copy most shades in between, simply mix the two opaque needs to be well covered whilst do of course include Bleach Opaque and effectively any characteristics of natural powders 1:1. The same thing goes at the same time raising the brightness Bleach Dentine in the set. gingiva. ▲ 14 Processing instructions General information about firing cycles. The firing temperature Trapped air pockets within the porcelain Depending on the alloy being used, it for Duceragold Kiss lies itself increase fogging, which has a may be necessary to have a tempering Degunorm: between 770 °C and 790 °C, negative effect on the shade (paler, lighter). phase. Heating rate: 55 °C/min ® Final temperature: 780 °C depending on the type of furnace used. This lies 150 °C below The heating rate for Degunorm® supra The tempering/cooling phase is normally the firing temperature of conventional and Degunorm pur can now be increa- only necessary after the initial dentine Degunorm supra/Degunorm pur: veneering porcelains. Once the firing sed to 80 °C/min with a holding time of firing. All other cycles require no after It is even possible to fire these chamber has been closed and the 1—2 minutes at 800 °C. cooling. Detailed firing cycles for the alloys with a heating rate of alloys Degunorm, Degunorm pur and 80 ˚C/min at a final temperature of 800 ˚C. ® pre-heating time has elapsed, full vacuum should come into effect. When using Degunorm®, you will still Degunorm supra can be found on This reduces micro-porosities and achieve the best results using a heating page 30. increases transparency. rate of 55 °C/min. Please observe the following procedure for crowns and bridges with Duceragold® Kiss hydrothermal veneering ceramic which were incorporated for a testing period: • Head the restoration up to 80 – 90 ˚C and allow to predry for 30 minutes, or in the case of larger restorations 1 to 1.5 hours, until the moisture resulting from the testing period and the organic residues accumulated are dried out. • Subsequently, the restoration has to be cleaned of residues with steam or, depending on the degree of soiling, blow-off lightly with 50 µm aluminium oxide. • Head the restoration with a slow heat-rate of 5 –10 °C per minute up to 450 °C and then holding for a further hour. • Following this pre-heating phase, normal ceramic firing can take place. ▲ Processing instructions 15 Preparation before layering. The following instructions for working with The initial application is made in a single, a light orange colored intensive opaque opaque, then please only use the paste the paste opaque are the same for basic thin but even layer which does not com- at your disposal. opaque liquid provided. as well as extended layering techniques. pletely cover the framework. Following this, a second coating is applied which These new opaque materials are delivered Only when using the classic type Paste Opaque this time should cover the framework in glass jars. Packaging them in this way Degunorm it is recommended to The paste opaque covers your Degunorm completely. Firing then (see page 30) greatly increases the length of time the use the Degunorm-classic-Base- framework homogeneously in the basic according to recommendations. opaque retains its creamy consistence. Paste for the initial wash type firing. shade according to the V-Shade Guide. For individual characterisation you have If it does become necessary to dilute the New Duceragold® Kiss paste opaque Opaque in glass jar Applying opaque Opaque after 2nd firing Dental restoration: CMDT Jürgen Braunwarth ▲ 16 Processing instructions Basic layering technique. Basic layering technique for anteriors Incisal Dentine Opaque Degunorm Framework Die Illustration: CMDT Jens Bünemann For basic layering in accordance with In order to contain the right proportions of With the new correction powder Final Kiss Details on margin technique are to V-Shades there are 16 dentines along with chroma (dentine) and brightness (incisal) you can complete your work even after be found on pages 22 and 23. the opaque materials and 6 base incisals for the basic layering technique, it is glazing. The transparent basic coloring of All firing recommendations are on at your disposal. Each of the opaque important to have different organic this material allows the addition of further page 30 and onwards. materials is aligned exactly to its base pigmentations in the porcelain powders. shades or colors, thus lowering the firing shade and follows nature’s example by All organic pigmentations are visible at temperature step by step. Please observe, way of fluorescence and variation of all times during layering and each color that the new firing temperature for Final brightness. plays its own role in the concept. Kiss lies at 720 °C. The main task of any dentine material is A better adaption to the V-Shades is According to your own individual layering to achieve the required chroma, regardless assured through the 6 basic incisal shades technique, you have the choice between of the respective layered thickness at your of the new Kiss concept. The exceptionally normal SD or for extra stackability the disposal. This requirement has been fine consistency of the mixed powders Ducera Liquid Form. For individual achieved with Duceragold® Kiss most allows a precise build up even in areas shades varying from the shade guide you outstandingly. Also, the fluorescent with small anatomical details. can of course make use of the additional luminosities have been adjusted in powders from the new Kiss-Shade accordance with shade saturation. concept (see pages 12 and 13). ▲ Processing instructions 17 Warning: When using different Degunorm precious alloys, please confer with the special recommendations for each alloy. ▲ 18 Processing instructions Individual layering technique. The difference between a basic build up Simply by mixing the 6 different Power This visualises the way in which this The principle of simplification was also and an individually layered crown must Chromas 1:1 with each other you can multifunctional Stand by material can be applied to the opal incisal powders. Now be obvious to the eye, yet easy to achieve. create 15 new intermediate shades. used. It has a strong transparent and there are only two opal incisals and two Flu With this objective in mind, Duceragold Now you have a total of 21 shade opalescent character and can be mixed Inside powders necessary. For enhancing Kiss will help you to reach the highest nuances at your disposal. Those can with any of the other materials. occlusal cusps or the palatinal/lingual ridges level of veneering quality with system. be systematically located at patient side The 5 opal effect powders can be used to of anteriors we recommend using White If it’s about chroma control, then the and easily reproduced in porcelain. achieve bluish-greyish or yellowish-orange Surface. ® characteristics in the incisal area. All fluorescent Power Chromas offer an amazing amount of shade nuances. The If necessary, you can also tone down the 5 powders are very intense, so that the The following pages offer examples of some largest part of all cervical and mamelon Power Chromas with Stand by for use in required effect can be achieved quickly and individual Kiss veneering in 3 clinical cases. effects can be realised in this way. the mamelon area. easily, but this intensity can be reduced if necessary by mixing with Stand by. ▲ Processing instructions 19 Foil by foil layering of this case. Dental restoration: CMDT Jürgen Braunwarth Foundation for this type of work is Foil 1: Foil 2: Foil 3: a clinical case, in order for the • Use of Power Chroma in the cervical • Flu Inside used in the incisal area for • In the body area of the canine OE reconstruction to be reproduced exactly. area to characterise the margin. • Dentine build up. controlling the brightness. • Over layering of the incisal edge with OE Ocean or Sky for a youthful, bluish incisal appearance on 21 and 22. • Incisal build up with OS 1 and 2 on the canine. Sunset and also OE Sunrise on 21 and 22. • Opal incisal 1 and 2 in the incisal area as well as transpa. ▲ 20 Processing instructions Anterior restoration using Duceragold® Kiss. Dental restoration: CMDT Jürgen Braunwarth Situation patient side before treatment. Finished Ducergold Kiss restoration after cementation. View from lateral on the same Duceragold® Kiss-Restoration. Esthetics with Duceragold® Kiss. ▲ Processing instructions Step by step layering technique of posteriors. Dental restoration: CMDT Jochen Peters 1 2 3 4 5 9 10 Pictures 1 – 3: Individual layering of the margin area with Power Chroma – labial/circular dentine build up. Pictures 4 – 5: Individual layering of the occlusal area – build up of the occlusal area with dentine. 6 7 8 Pictures 6 – 8: Labial/circular and occlusal Incisal build up. Additional application of Power Chroma in the fissure is possible. Pictures 9 – 10: Completion of the occlusal area with incisal, white surface and Stand by powders / Result after firing. 21 ▲ 22 Processing instructions The porcelain margin technique. 5 Margin powders SM 1 SM 2 SM 3 SM 4 SM 5 F SM 1 F SM 2 F SM 3 F SM 4 F SM 5 1. Opaqued framework with reduced margin 2. Margin powder should be applied from coping towards the die Great importance was attached to a stable in the easiest way. These highly fluorescent until approximately 0.5 – 0.8 mm above instructions and sand blasted with 110 µm and well fitting margin material within the margin powders cover even the most dif- the lowest point of the shoulder or aluminium oxide. Afterwards proceed Kiss system. ficult clinical situations, including discolored chamfer. Be careful that the border areas with the two opaque firings as usual (see dies. They also reproduce a natural vitality between the framework and the die have instructions page 15). The next step would Using the 5 margin powders (SM 1 – 5) and under various light conditions. no sharp or rough edges. be to mark the preparation border and seal the 5 correction powders (F SM 1 – 5) it is The margin of the framework should be In addition, the framework should be the die. This prevents the isolation fluid from now possible to produce porcelain margins trimmed back using a tungsten carbide bur prepared according to the respective alloy soaking into the stone. ▲ Processing instructions 23 3. Shrinkage after the first firing 4. Correction 5. Precision margin after correction 6. Finished crown with porcelain margin The porcelain isolation (Ducera SEP) is in the usual manner. The margin must be a second firing; a well fitting result should powders have exactly the same shade as applied in a thick coating to the sealed well dried (you can quicken this procedure be achieved in only two firings. the regular margin powders. die. Allow to dry, then apply a further coat. by using a hand held hair dryer). Now remove the coping with the applied Should it be necessary to make After replacing the framework, the margin margin and fire according to our corrections after glazing, it is possible to powder is mixed using the Ducera Liquid recommendations (see page 30). The do this using the Final margin powders, Quick modelling fluid and can be applied porcelain margin is completed with which fire at 720 °C. The Final margin ▲ 24 Processing instructions Joining techniques. Soldering and Laser Welding Solders: Degunorm 880 for Degunorm, Laser Welding The success of any porcelain restoration Degunorm 930 for Degunorm supra and With Laser technology, you are able to join in connection with a dental alloy is very pur will be available soon. metallic materials without changing the much dependent upon correctly executed material composition. There is no longer joining techniques. We feel this information Soldering Block the need for solder. For this purpose, is so important that we have incorporated Keep the size of your soldering block as there are 190 mm long Laser welding wires this technique in our Kiss instruction guide small as possible and pre-heat the block made from our Degunorm precious dental as well as in our Degunorm alloy instruction in the furnace at 400 °C. You should also alloy. Our Dental Laser Connexion® II Ergo guide. position the Flux at this time. was especially designed for use in the Soldering with open flame dental technology sector and is outstanding Soldering Soldering with open flame when it comes to joining precious dental All solder points must have a large enough Please be aware of the danger of local alloys. Please observe the recommended soldering surface. The ideal space between overheating when soldering with open parameters of the manufacturer before objects should be max 0.2 mm. flames. welding. Please observe the special recommendations for Degunorm alloys regarding pre-firing and after soldering, as included in the instruction for use of Degunorm. Laser Welding unit Connexion® II Ergo heat congestion in these areas both when (Coefficient of thermal expansion) between The restoration should be prepared in the heating and during cooling. The respective the alloy of casting-on parts, implant parts usual way for in-furnace soldering. When solders are listed in the table below. or construction elements and that of Degunorm, it is necessary to surround such that the pontic underside of any bridge Cast-Ons parts with a minimum wall thickness of units are completely free from the soldering It should generally be observed that 0.5 mm. Thinner encasing could result in investment. This eliminates the possibility of because of variation in CTE values poor veneering results through cracking etc. Alloy type Solder Degunorm Degunorm supra Degunorm pur Soldering program for use with Cergo compact/press 25 In-Furnace soldering forming the soldering block, please observe General soldering program ▲ Processing instructions Alloy Degunorm Degunorm supra Degunorm pur Pre-heating temperature °C Drying time min Heating rate °C/min Firing temperature °C Holding time min Degunorm Lot 700 400 5:00 55 750* 1:00 BiOcclus Lot G 710 400 5:00 55 760* 1:00 BiOcclus Lot G 710 400 5:00 55 760* 1:00 Solder Drying °C Drying min Closing min Pre-heating °C Pre-heating min Heating Final temp. Holding rate °C/min °C min Degunorm Lot 700 135 2:00 2:00 400 3:00 55 750* 1:00 BiOcclus Lot G 710 135 2:00 2:00 400 3:00 55 760* 1:00 BiOcclus Lot G 710 135 2:00 2:00 400 3:00 55 760* 1:00 * The furnace temperature should be generally set 50 °C higher. The values listed here are intended for orientation only and should be regarded only as guidelines. Your firing results may differ. All firing results depend on the performance of the furnace used, which in turn depends on the make, model and age of the furnace. Therefore, the guideline values will have to be adapted individually for each firing. We recommend running a test firing cycle to evaluate the performance of the furnace used. We have compiled and checked all values and other data with great care. However, we cannot under any circumstances be liable for your results. ▲ 26 The Kiss range All you need to succeed: All products from the Ducergold Kiss range. If your priorities lay in high esthetics and perfect restorations then you should make no compromises: choosing Duceragold® Kiss gives you the most efficient and at the same time the smallest range of dental porcelains on the dental market today. Intelligent solutions such as the Power Chroma concept or the brightness control using opalescent and fluorescent incisals can be applied in the easiest way possible. And, of course, Light Dynamic reflections are also included as standard building block in the Kiss concept. In this way, the Kiss range meets all requirements, be it for standard layering or any individual wishes in the advanced layering technique. Ducergold Kiss is of course available in all V-Shades. The assortment in the presentation case has also shade and mixing guides included. Duceragold® Kiss accessories Duceragold® Kiss accessories ▲ The Kiss range 27 ▲ 28 The Kiss assortment * Duceragold® Duceragold® Duceragold® Duceragold® PO A1 Pastenopaker Paste Opaque D A1 S1 TC Dentin Dentine Schneide Incisal Transpa Paste Opaque Dentine Incisal Transpa material 16x 1x 1x 1x 16x 20 g D A1 – D D4 6x 20 g S 1 – S 6 1x 20 g Transpa material TC Dentine For the build up of the dentine core. Incisal For the build up of the incisal area. Transpa Gives an additional transparency to surfaces. 3 3 3 3 ml ml ml ml PO A1 – PO D4 paste opaque intense orange paste opaque intense bleach paste opaque intense gum Paste Opaque Covers the alloy framework and gives it its basic shade. Duceragold® Duceragold® Duceragold® Duceragold® PC 1 Flu 1 OS 1 OE Ocean Power Chroma Flu Inside Opal-Schneide Opal Incisal Opal-Effekt Opal Effect Power Chroma Flu Inside Opal Incisal Opal Effect material 6x 20 g Power Chroma PC 1 – PC 6 2x 20 g Flu 1 + 2 2x 20 g OS 1 + 2 5x 20 g OE (Ocean, Sky, Fog, Sunset, Sunrise) Power Chroma For increasing the chroma intensity and for individual layering. Highly fluorescent Light dynamic material for controlling the brightness in the incisal area. Opalescent incisal material For the reproduction of natural opalescence in enamel. * Porcelain for basic layering, see page 16. Opal Effect material For the individual build up of the incisal third. Duceragold® Duceragold® Duceragold® S BY WS Final Kiss Stand by White Surface Korrekturmasse Add-on Porcelain Multi functional material White Surface Final Kiss 1x 20 g Stand by 1x 20 g White Surface Correction material Opalescent multi-functional material for use pure or mixed with other powders. Whitish opalescent incisal material for surface enhancement. 1x 20 g correction material Final Kiss Correction material for firing after glazing. Duceragold® Duceragold® Duceragold® Duceragold® Bleach Gum 1 SM 1 F SM 1 Bleach Gum Schultermasse Shoulder Final Schultermasse Final Shoulder Bleach Shade Gum Shade Margin Final Margin 1x 20 g Bleach 2x 20 g Gum 1 + 2 5x 20 g SM 1 – SM 5 5x 20 g F SM 1 – F SM 5 Bleach Shade A much lighter and whiter material than A1, mostly used for patients whose own teeth have previously been bleached. Gum Shade Gum shaded powder for gingiva build up. Margin For metal free margins. Margin For corrections after glazing. ▲ The Kiss assortment 29 ▲ 30 Firing recommendations Degunorm: First Opaque firing with Degunorm classic Base, semi-covering. Second firing should be covering. Heating rate: 55 °C/min – Final Temperature 780 °C. Degunorm Dependent on the capability of your furnace, it may be necessary to raise the final temperature at the first dentine firing for larger constructions (over 8 units) by 10 – 20 °C. Degunorm supra: First Opaque firing, semi-covering. Second firing should be covering. Heating rate can be raised to 80 °C/min with a final temperature of 800 °C. Dependent on the capability of your furnace, it may be necessary to raise the final temperature at the first dentine firing for larger constructions (over 8 units) by 10 – 20 °C. Degunorm pur: First Opaque firing, semi-covering. Second firing should be covering. Heating rate can be raised to 80 °C/min with a final temperature of 800 °C. Dependent on the capability of your furnace, it may be necessary to raise the final temperature at the first dentine firing for larger constructions (over 8 units) by 10 – 20 °C. Degunorm supra/pur Pre-heating temp. °C Drying time min Heating rate °C/min Firing temp. °C Heating rate °C/min Firing temp. °C Holding time min Vacuum Oxidation 575 0:00 55 780 80 800 5:00 50 Degunorm classic Base 575 7:00 55 780 1:00 50 Paste Opaque 575 7:00 55 780 80 800 1:00 50 Margin 1 450 5:00 55 780 80 800 1:15 50 Margin 2 450 5:00 55 780 80 800 1:15 50 Dentine 1 450 6:00 55 780 80 800 1:00 50 Dentine 2 450 5:00 55 780 80 790 1:00 50 Glazing 450 3:00 55 720 80 780 1:00 Correction (Final Kiss) 450 2:00 55 720 80 730 1:00 50 Final Margin 450 2:00 55 720 80 730 1:00 50 Tempering HPa 3 min/720 °C Tempering or long-term cooling for initial dentine firing with Degunorm/Degunorm supra and pur tempering 3 min at 720 °C or alternatively cool in 5 min down to 680 °C! The firing temperature must be adapted to the number of units fired in the same cycle. 5 to 10 units require an increase by 5 °C to 10 °C; more than 10 units require an increase by 10 °C to 20 °C. The values listed here are intended for orientation only and should be regarded only as guidelines. Your firing results may differ. All firing results depend on the performance of the furnace used, which in turn depends on the make, model and age of the furnace. Therefore, the guideline values will have to be adapted individually for each firing. We recommend running a test firing cycle to evaluate the performance of the furnace used. We have compiled and checked all values and other data with great care. However, we cannot under any circumstances be liable for your results. For the most current firing recommendations you may also visit www.kiss-ceramics.com Firing instructions for Duceragold® Kiss Oxidbrand Degunorm Classic Base Wash and Paste Opaque Margin 1 Margin 2 Dentine 1 Dentine 2 Glaze Correction Final Kiss Final Margin °C 250 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 min 0:00 6:00 6:00 2:00 2:00 2:00 2:00 2:00 2:00 2:00 Closing min 0:00 1:00 1:00 2:00 2:00 2:00 2:00 2:00 2:00 2:00 Pre-heating °C 575 575 575 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 min 0:00 1:00 2:00 2:00 2:00 2:00 2:00 1:00 1:00 1:00 Cont. Cont. Cont. Cont. Cont. Cont. Cont. Off Cont. Cont. °C 575 575 575 450 450 450 450 – 450 450 Rate °C/min 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 in Cergo furnaces Pre-drying Vacuum Vacuum on Degunorm Degunorm supra/pur ▲ Firing recommendations Final temp. °C 780 780 780 780 780 780 780 770 720 720 Vacuum off °C 780 780 780 780 780 780 780 – 720 720 Rate °C/min 80 – 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 Final temp. °C 800 – 800 800 800 800 790 780 730 730 Vacuum off °C 800 – 800 800 800 800 790 – 730 730 Holding V min 5:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 Holding min 0:00 1:00 1:00 1:15 1:15 1:00 1:00 1:00 1:00 1:00 Tempering °C – – – – – 720 – – – – min 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 3:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 31 Tempering or long-term cooling for initial dentine firing with Degunorm/Degunorm supra and pur tempering 3 min at 720 °C or alternatively cool in 5 min down to 680 °C! The firing temperature must be adapted to the number of units fired in the same cycle. 5 to 10 units require an increase by 5 °C to 10 °C; more than 10 units require an increase by 10 °C to 20 °C. The values listed here are intended for orientation only and should be regarded only as guidelines. Your firing results may differ. All firing results depend on the performance of the furnace used, which in turn depends on the make, model and age of the furnace. Therefore, the guideline values will have to be adapted individually for each firing. We recommend running a test firing cycle to evaluate the performance of the furnace used. We have compiled and checked all values and other data with great care. However, we cannot under any circumstances be liable for your results. For the most current firing recommendations you may also visit www.kiss-ceramics.com ▲ 32 Firing recommendations Firing instructions for Duceragold® Drying °C min. Kiss in ProFire furnances. The firing temperature must be adapted to the number of units fired in the same cycle. 5 to 10 units require an increase by 5 °C to 10 °C; more than 10 units require an increase by 10 °C to 20 °C. The values listed here are intended for orientation only and should be regarded only as guidelines. Your firing results may differ. All firing results depend on the performance of the furnace used, which in turn depends on the make, model and age of the furnace. Therefore, the guideline values will have to be adapted individually for each firing. We recommend running a test firing cycle to evaluate the performance of the furnace used. We have compiled and checked all values and other data with great care. However, we cannot under any circumstances be liable for your results. For the most current firing recommendations you may also visit www.kiss-ceramics.com Firing recommendations ® for Duceragold Kiss with Austromat 3001 furnace The firing temperature must be adapted to the number of units fired in the same cycle. 5 to 10 units require an increase by 5 °C to 10 °C; more than 10 units require an increase by 10 °C to 20 °C. The values listed here are intended for orientation only and should be regarded only as guidelines. Your firing results may differ. All firing results depend on the performance of the furnace used, which in turn depends on the make, model and age of the furnace. Therefore, the guideline values will have to be adapted individually for each firing. We recommend running a test firing cycle to evaluate the performance of the furnace used. We have compiled and checked all values and other data with great care. However, we cannot under any circumstances be liable for your results. Closing min. Pre-heating °C min. Vacuum On/off cont on off Heating rate °C/min. Firing temp. Firing time °C min. Vacuum min. Tempering °C min. Oxidation Classic base 135 6:00 1:00 575 1:00 Cont. 575 780 55 780 1 --- Opaque 1 + 2 135 6:00 1:00 575 2:00 Cont. 575 780 55 780 1 --- Shoulder 1 135 2:00 2:00 450 2:00 Cont. 450 780 55 780 1 --- Shoulder 2 135 2:00 2:00 450 2:00 Cont. 450 780 55 780 1 --- Dentine 1 135 2:00 2:00 450 2:00 Cont. 450 780 55 780 1 --- Dentine 2 135 2:00 2:00 450 2:00 Cont. 450 780 55 780 1 --- Glaze 135 2:00 2:00 450 1:00 55 770 1 --- Final KISS 135 2:00 2:00 450 1:00 Cont. 450 720 55 720 1 --- Final Shoulder 135 2:00 2:00 450 1:00 Cont. 450 720 55 720 1 --- Dentine 1 without tempering 135 2:00 2:00 450 2:00 Cont. 450 780 55 780 1 --- Dentine 2 with tempering 135 2:00 2:00 450 2:00 Cont. 450 780 55 780 1 --- 720 3:00 Glazing with tempering 135 2:00 2:00 450 1:00 55 770 1 --- 720 3:00 Austromat 3001 Oxidation Off Off – – – – Degunorm classic Base Degunorm Degunorm supra/pur Degunorm C575 T60 • L9 V9 T055 • C780 T300 V0 C0 L0 T2 C575 C575 T60 • L9 V9 T080 • C800 T300 V0 C0 L0 T2 C575 C575 T360 T120 • L9 V9 T055 • C780 V0 T60 C0 L0 T2 C575 Paste opaque Degunorm C575 T360 T120 • L9 C575 T360 T120 • L9 C450 T180 • L9 T180 C450 T180 • L9 T180 C450 T180 • L9 T180 C450 T180 • L9 T180 C450 T180 • L9 T180 C450 T180 • L9 T180 C450 T180 • L9 T180 C450 T180 • L9 T180 C450 T120 • L9 T180 C450 T120 • L9 T180 C450 T120 • L9 T180 C450 T120 • L9 T180 C450 T120 • L9 T180 C450 T120 • L9 T180 Margin 1 Margin 2 Dentine 1 Dentine 2 Glaze Correction (Final Kiss) For the most current firing recommendations you may also visit www.kiss-ceramics.com Final Margin Degunorm Degunorm Degunorm Degunorm Degunorm Degunorm Degunorm Degunorm Degunorm Degunorm Degunorm Degunorm Degunorm Degunorm Degunorm supra/pur supra/pur supra/pur supra/pur supra/pur supra/pur supra/pur supra/pur 720 V9 T055 • C780 V0 T60 C0 L0 T2 C575 V9 T080 • C800 V0 T60 C0 L0 T2 C575 V9 T055 • C780 V0 T75 C0 L0 T2 C450 V9 T080 • C800 V0 T75 C0 L0 T2 C450 V9 T055 • C780 V0 T75 C0 L0 T2 C450 V9 T080 • C800 V0 T75 C0 L0 T2 C450 V9 T055 • C780 V0 T60 C0 L7 C720 L9 T180 C0 L0 T2 C450 V9 T080 • C800 V0 T60 C0 L7 C720 L9 T180 C0 L0 T2 C450 V9 T055 • C780 V0 T60 C0 L0 T2 C450 V9 T080 • C790 V0 T60 C0 L0 T2 C450 T055 • C770 T60 C0 L0 T2 C450 T080 • C780 T60 C0 L0 T2 C450 V9 T055 • C720 V0 T60 C0 L0 T2 C450 V9 T080 • C730 V0 T60 C0 L0 T2 C450 V9 T055 • C720 V0 T60 C0 L0 T2 C450 V9 T080 • C730 V0 T60 C0 L0 T2 C450 Tempering or long-term cooling for initial dentine firing with Degunorm/Degunorm supra and pur tempering 3 min at 720 °C or alternatively cool in 5 min down to 680 °C! 3:00 Cooling Firing recommendations for Oxidbrand Degunorm Classic Base Wash and Paste Opaque Margin 1 Margin 2 Dentine 1 Dentine 2 Glaze Correction Final Kiss Final Margin 575 575 575 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 0 6 6 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 VAC 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 °C/min 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 END 780 780 780 780 780 780 780 770 720 720 °C/min 80 – 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 END 800 – 800 800 800 800 790 780 730 730 5:00 (d) 1:00 1:00 1:15 1:15 1:00 1:00 1:00 1:00 1:00 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Duceragold® Kiss with Austromat M START Degunorm Degunorm supra/pur ▲ Firing recommendations 1 2 Tempering or long-term cooling for initial dentine firing with Degunorm/Degunorm supra and pur tempering 3 min at 720 °C or alternatively cool in 5 min down to 680 °C! The firing temperature must be adapted to the number of units fired in the same cycle. 5 to 10 units require an increase by 5 °C to 10 °C; more than 10 units require an increase by 10 °C to 20 °C. The values listed here are intended for orientation only and should be regarded only as guidelines. Your firing results may differ. All firing results depend on the performance of the furnace used, which in turn depends on the make, model and age of the furnace. Therefore, the guideline values will have to be adapted individually for each firing. We recommend running a test firing cycle to evaluate the performance of the furnace used. We have compiled and checked all values and other data with great care. However, we cannot under any circumstances be liable for your results. For the most current firing recommendations you may also visit www.kiss-ceramics.com 33 ▲ 34 Firing recommendations Firing recommendations for Oxidbrand for Duceragold® Kiss with Multimat Degunorm Classic MC 2/Mach 2/ Multimat Touch&Press/ Multimat2 Touch+Press Wash and Paste Base Margin 1 Margin 2 Dentine 1 Dentine 2 Glaze Correction Final Kiss Final Margin Opaque Pre-heating temp.°C 575 575 575 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 Drying time min 1:00 7:00 7:00 2:00 2:00 3:00 2:00 2:00 2:00 2:00 Pre-heating time min 0:00 1:00 1:00 3:00 3:00 3:00 3:00 3:00 3:00 3:00 Vacuum time min 4:30 0:10 0:10 1:00 1:00 1:00 1:00 0:00 1:00 1:00 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 780 780 780 780 780 780 780 770 720 720 80 – 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 800 – 800 800 800 800 790 780 730 730 Firing time min 5:00 1:00 1:00 2:00 2:00 2:00 2:00 1:00 2:00 2:00 Vacuum hPa 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 – 50 50 Cooling stage / Tempering – – – – – Level 9/ 3 min at 720 °C – – – – Degunorm Heating rate °C/min Firing temp.°C Degunorm Heating rate °C/min supra/pur Firing temp. °C Tempering or long-term cooling for initial dentine firing with Degunorm/Degunorm supra and pur tempering 3 min at 720 °C or alternatively cool in 5 min down to 680 °C! The firing temperature must be adapted to the number of units fired in the same cycle. 5 to 10 units require an increase by 5 °C to 10 °C; more than 10 units require an increase by 10 °C to 20 °C. The values listed here are intended for orientation only and should be regarded only as guidelines. Your firing results may differ. All firing results depend on the performance of the furnace used, which in turn depends on the make, model and age of the furnace. Therefore, the guideline values will have to be adapted individually for each firing. We recommend running a test firing cycle to evaluate the performance of the furnace used. We have compiled and checked all values and other data with great care. However, we cannot under any circumstances be liable for your results. For the most current firing recommendations you may also visit www.kiss-ceramics.com Firing recommendations Degunorm Degunorm supra/pur Degunorm Degunorm supra/pur for Duceragold® Kiss with Programat P90/P95 Stand by temp. °C Closing time min Heating rate °C/min Firing temp. °C Heating rate °C/min Firing temp. °C Holding time min Vacuum ON in °C Vacuum OFF in °C Oxidation 500 0:30 55 780 80 800 5:00 500 779 799 – Degunorm classic Base 500 7:00 55 780 – – 1:00 500 779 – – Paste opaque 500 7:00 55 780 80 800 1:00 500 779 799 – Margin 1 300 6:00 55 780 80 800 1:15 450 789 799 – Margin 2 300 5:00 55 780 80 800 1:15 450 779 799 – Dentine 1 300 6:00 55 780 80 800 1:00 450 779 799 680 °C Dentine 2 300 6:00 55 780 80 790 1:00 450 779 789 – Glaze 300 4:00 55 770 80 780 1:00 - – – – Correction (Final Kiss) 300 4:00 55 720 80 730 1:00 450 719 729 – Final Margin 300 4:00 55 720 80 730 1:00 450 719 729 – Tempering or long-term cooling for initial dentine firing with Degunorm/Degunorm supra and pur tempering 3 min at 720 °C or alternatively cool in 5 min down to 680 °C! The firing temperature must be adapted to the number of units fired in the same cycle. 5 to 10 units require an increase by 5 °C to 10 °C; more than 10 units require an increase by 10 °C to 20 °C. The values listed here are intended for orientation only and should be regarded only as guidelines. Your firing results may differ. All firing results depend on the performance of the furnace used, which in turn depends on the make, model and age of the furnace. Therefore, the guideline values will have to be adapted individually for each firing. We recommend running a test firing cycle to evaluate the performance of the furnace used. We have compiled and checked all values and other data with great care. However, we cannot under any circumstances be liable for your results. For the most current firing recommendations you may also visit www.kiss-ceramics.com Longterm cooling ▲ Firing recommendations 35 ▲ 36 Firing recommendations Firing recommendations for Degunorm Degunorm supra/pur Degunorm Degunorm supra/pur Duceragold® Kiss with Vacumat Stand by temp. °C Pre-drying time min Heating time min Firing temp. °C Heating time min Firing temp. °C Holding time min Oxidation 400 0:00 6:00 780 4:30 800 5:00 Degunorm classic Base 400 6:00 6:00 780 – – 1:00 Paste opaque 400 6:00 6:00 780 4:30 800 1:00 6:00 4:30 – Margin 1 450 6:00 6:00 780 4:30 800 1:15 6:00 4:30 – Margin 2 450 6:00 6:00 780 4:30 800 1:15 6:00 4:30 – Dentine 1 450 6:00 6:00 780 4:30 800 1:00 6:00 4:30 See type of furnace Dentine 2 450 6:00 6:00 780 4:30 790 1:00 6:00 4:30 – Glaze 450 4:00 6:00 770 4:30 780 1:00 0:00 0:00 – Correction (Final Kiss) 450 4:00 6:00 720 4:30 730 1:00 6:00 4:30 – Final Margin 450 4:00 6:00 720 4:30 730 1:00 6:00 4:30 – 200/250/300/500 bzw. 2500 Vacuum time min 10:30 9:00 6:00 Cooling – – Long-term cooling for initial dentine firing with Degunorm/Degunorm supra and pur tempering 3 min 720 °C or alternatively cool down in 5 min to 680 °C! - Vacumat 200: Program-Group 8 - Vacumat 250/300/500/2500 select long-term cooling: Cool down to 680 °C with a closed firing chamber. The firing temperature must be adapted to the number of units fired in the same cycle. 5 to 10 units require an increase by 5 °C to 10 °C; more than 10 units require an increase by 10 °C to 20 °C. The values listed here are intended for orientation only and should be regarded only as guidelines. Your firing results may differ. All firing results depend on the performance of the furnace used, which in turn depends on the make, model and age of the furnace. Therefore, the guideline values will have to be adapted individually for each firing. We recommend running a test firing cycle to evaluate the performance of the furnace used. We have compiled and checked all values and other data with great care. However, we cannot under any circumstances be liable for your results. For the most current firing recommendations you may also visit www.kiss-ceramics.com Shade combination table for Shade A1 A2 A3 A3,5 A4 B1 basic layering B2 B3 B4 C1 C2 C3 C4 D2 D3 D4 x x x x x x x x Standard layering Opaque x x x x x x x x Dentine x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Incisal 1 2 3 3 5 1 1 4 6 1 5 5 6 2 4 4 Dental restoration: CMDT Jürgen Braunwarth ▲ Shade combination table 37 ▲ 38 Shade combination table Shade A1 A2 A3 A3,5 A4 B1 B2 B3 B4 C1 C2 C3 C4 D2 D3 D4 x x x x x x x x Individual layering Opaque x x x x x x x For characterisation of occlusal, cervical and palatinal areas Opaque Bleach For bleached or lightened teeth. Normally only used together with bleach dentine. Opaque Gum Shade combination table for individual layering x Opaque orange For Gum areas. Margin SM/F SM 1 2 2+3 2+4 3+4 1 1+3 3 3+5 1 1+4 2+4 4 1+4 2+4 3+4 Dentine x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 1+2 2 2+5 3+5 4+6 1 1+3 2+3 3+6 1+6 2+6 3+6 5+6 1+6 2+6 3+6 Power Chroma 1 Power Chroma 2 Power Chroma 3 Power Chroma 4 Power Chroma 5 Power Chroma 6 Power Chroma powders are highly chromatic, fluorescent intensifiers for individual shade characterisation. All Power Chromas serve the purpose of shade support in cervical, palatinal and occlusal areas. Powders are used pure or in ratio 1:1 with other shades. Mixing with “Stand by” makes it an ideal powder for mamelon areas. The suggested shade indication guide should be seen as a reference. Flu Inside 1 x x Mix Mix x x Mix Mix Flu Inside 2 Opal Incisal 1 Opal Incisal 2 Stand by x x Mix x x Mix x x x Mix Mix Mix x x x x x Mix Mix Mix x x x Strongly opalescent, almost transparent multi-functional powder. Stand by can be used pure or in combination with any other powder in the Kiss set. The Stand by powder has a key role in the Kiss concept. OE Sunset Opalescent effect powder for orange/reddish incisal segments also for raising the chroma level at the 2nd or 3rd dentine firing. Mainly for A-Shades. Can be reduced in effect by mixing with Stand by. OE Sunrise Opalescent effect powder for yellowish incisal segments also for raising the chroma level at the 2nd or 3rd dentine firing. Mainly for B-Shades. Can be reduced in effect by mixing with Stand by. OE Ocean Opalescent effect powder for deep blue incisal segments – can be reduced in effect by mixing with Stand by. OE Sky Opalescent effect powder for light blue incisal segments – can be reduced in effect by mixing with Stand by. OE Fog White Surface Opalescent effect powder for greyish incisal segments – can be reduced in effect by mixing with Stand by. Whitish opalescent effect powder for enhancing occlusal cusps on posteriors as well as palatinal/lingual ridges on anteriors – can be reduced in effect by mixing with Stand by. Final Kiss Low fusing transparent correction powder (firing temperature 720 °C ). x To the point. Bleach Obviously a lighter and whiter powder than A1, mostly for use with patients whose own natural teeth have undergone “bleaching”. D Dentine, corresponding to its shade, for the build up of dentine core as found in natural teeth. Pigmented with organic colors to allow visual control while building up. These pigments burn out totally. Final Kiss Correction powders for firing after glazing. Flu Inside Fluorescent dentine (e.g. as a modifier for mamelons). This is a dentine with outspoken fluorescent character. Amplifies the brightness of the veneer. Invisible short wave light is absorbed whereas long wave light visibly emitted. F SM Margin powder for any corrections after glazing. Gum Gum colored powder for build up of gingiva areas, e.g. for superstructures in implantology. Ducera Liquid SD Modelling fluid – for mixing dentine, modifier, incisal and transpa. OE Opal effect powder. For individual layering in the upper third of the incisal area. Ducera Liquid Form Modelling fluid – as SD, however, with increased stackability. Requires longer drying times. OS Opalescent incisal powder for imitating the natural color scheme in natural enamel. Ducera Liquid Quick Modelling fluid – for mixing dentine, incisal and transpa, whenever an accelerated drying time is required. Ducera Liquid Quick can also be used as porcelain-margin liquid. PC Power Chroma for increasing the chroma saturation and individual characterisations of chroma. PO Paste Opaque, in correlation with V-shades. The high opacity has good covering characteristics. S Incisal. For the build up of incisal areas. S BY Opalescent multi-function powder for use either pure or for mixing. SM Margin powder for making metal free margin areas. Shoulder or chamfer preparation required. TC Transparent powder. Enhances the transparency of surface areas. WS White opalescent incisal powder for lightening surface areas. ▲ Abbreviations 39 ▲ 40 Trouble shooting Problem Probable causes Remedies • Porosities, sink holes, fractures in framework • Recommendations for sprue positioning, heating and casting temperatures not observed. • See points 2, 4, 5 and 6 in the instructions for use of dental alloys • Shades are too light and not transparent enough • Porcelain has porosities • • • • • • • • • Porcelain has rough surface • Not enough glaze on the surface • Pre-heating temperature too low • Holding time too short • Increase firing temperature • Lengthen holding time • Too much glaze on the surface • Ridges and contours are round • Firing temperature too high • Holding time too long • Lower firing temperature • Shorten holding time • Pressure stress cracks: horizontal cracks in the incisal area or at the pontics • Tempering/long-term cooling not observed • Cooling temperature too low • Cooling phase too short • Long-term cooling or tempering (3 min, 720 °C) • Increase tempering temperature • Lengthen cooling phase • Tensile stress cracks: craquelé cracks on the surface (crazing) • Wrong alloy • Porcelain’s CTE is too high due to wrong longterm cooling or heat rate • Wall thickness of framework too thin • Check the compatibility of the alloy • Observe minimum wall thickness levels • Bubbling • Contamination in alloy or in porcelain by use of false burs • Paste opaque dried incorrectly • Air trapped whilst layering • Too much opaque thinner • Paste applied too thickly • Only use burs which are specifically designed for use in metall ceramics • Only use cross cut tungsten carbide burs • Lengthen pre-drying time Pre-heating temperature is too high Firing temperature is too low Vacuum pump sets in too late Vacuum levels are too low Reduce Pre-heating temperature Increase firing temperature Reduce Pre-heat/Vacuum start temperature Check furnace/pump for leakage ▲ Notes 41 22005/0908/DB Stand/Last revision: 08/2009 For further information or to place your order: www.degudent.com
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