8
Study Guide
Study Guide
Because of its ability to combine in many ways with itself and
with other elements, carbon has a central role in the chemistry
of living organisms.
3 Polymers and Composites
1 Properties of Carbon
Key Concepts
• Interactive Student Edition
• Self-Assessment with remediation
• Assessment reports for teachers
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Key Concepts
S 8.6.a
Because of its ability to combine in many ways
with itself and other elements, carbon has a
central role in the chemistry of organisms.
Diamond, graphite, fullerenes, and nanotubes
are four forms of the element carbon.
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Key Terms
diamond
graphite
fullerene
nanotube
Key Terms
protein
amino acid
plastic
composite
2 Carbon Compounds
Key Concepts
Connect to Key Concepts
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Reinforce the chapter’s Big Idea by
connecting it to important Key Concepts.
For example, ask: What are four classes of
organic compounds required by living
things? (Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and
nucleic acids)
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Teaching Resources
Teaching Resources, Unit 2
• Chapter 8 Key Terms Review
• Chapter 8 Vocabulary Skill
Color Transparencies
• Transparency 8.88
Chapter Tests Levels A and B
• Chapter 8 Tests
• Chapter 8 Performance Assessment
Standards Review Workbook
Standards Review Transparencies
Progress Monitoring Assessment
• Screening, diagnostic, and benchmark
tests
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Students can take a practice test online that is
automatically scored.
RNG-A Reading and Note Taking Guide, Level A
326
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substituted
hydrocarbon
hydroxyl group
alcohol
organic acid
carboxyl group
ester
polymer
monomer
S 8.6.b, 8.6.c
The four classes of organic compounds
required by living things are carbohydrates,
proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
The energy released by breaking down starch
allows the body to carry out its life functions.
The body uses proteins from food to build and
repair body parts and to regulate cell activities.
Gram for gram, lipids release twice as much
energy in your body as do carbohydrates.
When living things reproduce, they pass DNA
and the information it carries to the next
generation.
Organisms require water, vitamins, minerals,
and salts to help support the functioning of
large molecules.
Key Terms
carbohydrate
glucose
complex carbohydrate
starch
cellulose
lipid
Diagnose and Remediate
fatty acid
cholesterol
nucleic acid
DNA
RNA
nucleotide
Also available on
Standard
Review and
Assessment Items
Standards-Targeted Resources
Additional Resources
S 8.3.c
2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
14, 15, 17, 18, 19
RNG-A 140–144, 145–148; RNG-B 121–127,
128–130; Video Field Trip
TR: Vocabulary Skill
S 8.6.a
1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,
20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25
AA cgp-2041; RNG-A 137–139, 140–144,
145–148; RNG-B 119–120, 121–127, 128–130;
Video Field Trip
S 8.6.b
2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14,
15, 16, 20
RNG-A 149–153; RNG-B 131–136; Video Field Trip
Student Edition in MP3
(English/Spanish)
S 8.6.c
2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14,
15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23,
24
RNG-A 149–153; RNG-B 131–136; Video Field Trip
Student Express with
Interactive Textbook CD-ROM
RNG-B Reading and Note Taking Guide, Level B
TR Teaching Resources
Key Concepts
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326 ◆
AA Active Art
Key
4 Life With Carbon
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Key Terms
ExamView® Computer Test
Bank CD-ROM
For: Self-Assessment
Visit: PHSchool.com
Web Code: cxa-2080
S 8.3.c, 8.6.a
Many organic compounds have similar
properties in terms of melting points, boiling
points, odor, electrical conductivity, and
solubility.
Hydrocarbons mix poorly with water. Also, all
hydrocarbons are flammable.
The carbon chains in a hydrocarbon ring may
be straight, branched, or ring-shaped. In
addition to forming a single bond, two carbon
atoms can form a double bond or a triple bond.
If just one atom of another element is
substituted for a hydrogen atom in a
hydrocarbon, a different compound is created.
Many esters have pleasant, fruity smells.
Organic compounds can be linked together to
build polymers with thousands or even millions
of atoms.
organic compound
hydrocarbon
structural formula
isomer
saturated
hydrocarbon
unsaturated
hydrocarbon
S 8.3.c, 8.6.a
Polymers form when chemical bonds link large
numbers of monomers in a repeating pattern.
Many composites include one or more
polymers.
You can help reduce the amount of plastic waste
by recycling.
TR: Key Terms